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8/9/2019 Civil Pp11
1/19
CHAPTER 11
Profiles
8/9/2019 Civil Pp11
2/19
Civil Drafting Technology, 7thedition
Madsen, Shumaker, and Madsen
2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.2
Profiles Provide an outline of a cross section of the earth. Section view projected from the plan view. Used to represent differences in elevation and describe
geographical features.
Used in a variety of civil engineering projects, including: Road grade layout Cut-and-fill calculations Pipeline layouts Site excavations Dam and reservoir layout
8/9/2019 Civil Pp11
3/19
Civil Drafting Technology, 7thedition
Madsen, Shumaker, and Madsen
2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.3
Traditional Profile Leveling
Finding elevation using a level, tripod, and alevel rod.
Surveying the route of a linear feature such as a
road, highway, utility line, railroad, or canal. Elevations are identified along the center of the
route in reference to station points (similar to
grid survey).
8/9/2019 Civil Pp11
4/19
Civil Drafting Technology, 7thedition
Madsen, Shumaker, and Madsen
2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.6
Profiles
VERTICAL SCALE
HORIZONTAL SCALE
START POINT OF LINE (A)
END POINT OF LINE (B)
SLOPE
8/9/2019 Civil Pp11
5/19
Civil Drafting Technology, 7thedition
Madsen, Shumaker, and Madsen
2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.7
Traditional Profile Leveling
Measurements are taken at the station points
indicated on the map.
8/9/2019 Civil Pp11
6/19
Civil Drafting Technology, 7thedition
Madsen, Shumaker, and Madsen
2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.8
Traditional Profile Leveling
Profile leveling field notes include the station
value and elevation at each station.
8/9/2019 Civil Pp11
7/19
Civil Drafting Technology, 7thedition
Madsen, Shumaker, and Madsen
2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.9
Traditional Profile Leveling Plotting the profile:
1. Identify a horizontal scale, and draw vertical grid lines at each point. The horizontal scale is defined by the station points used in the survey, such as 0+00,
0+50, 1+00, etc. for stations that are 50 feet apart.
2. Identify a vertical scale, and draw horizontal grid lines. The vertical scale is often exaggerated to provide a clear picture of the shape of the land.
Determine the vertical scale based on the relief of the map, the map scale, and the purposeof the profile.
3. Plot elevation points at each station point (vertical grid lines), based on theelevation listed in the field notes.
4. Connect elevation points with a smooth curve (spline).
5. Add horizontal and vertical scale information, and pattern the ground that iscross-sectioned (hatch) if required.
8/9/2019 Civil Pp11
8/19
Civil Drafting Technology, 7thedition
Madsen, Shumaker, and Madsen
2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.10
Traditional Profile Leveling
Plotting the profile:
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Civil Drafting Technology, 7thedition
Madsen, Shumaker, and Madsen
2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.11
Plan and Profile
A type of drawing that contains a plan view of
a civil engineering project, and a profile of the
plan.
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Civil Drafting Technology, 7thedition
Madsen, Shumaker, and Madsen
2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.12
Plan and Profile
Light rail tracks:
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Civil Drafting Technology, 7thedition
Madsen, Shumaker, and Madsen
2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.13
Plan and Profile
Underground utilities:
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Civil Drafting Technology, 7thedition
Madsen, Shumaker, and Madsen
2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.14
Constructing a Profile:
Straight Sewer Line Example
1. Create the plan layout. See Figure 11-6a.
2. Project end points of the sewer line into the new
profile area. Project other features, such as
maintenance holes, into the profile. Createvertical grid lines based on the distance required
between station points. See Figure 116b.
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Civil Drafting Technology, 7thedition
Madsen, Shumaker, and Madsen
2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.15
Constructing a Profile:
Straight Sewer Line Example
3. Determine the lowest and highest elevations and thenestablish the bottom outline of the profile. Identify avertical scale, and add horizontal grid lines. See Figure116c.
The vertical scale is often exaggerated to provide a clearpicture of the shape of the land. Determine the vertical scale based on the relief of the map,
the map scale, and the purpose of the profile. Use a scale appropriate for the sheet size, or use a ratio of
10:1 (if the horizontal scale is 1 = 50, the vertical scalewould be 1 = 5).
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Civil Drafting Technology, 7thedition
Madsen, Shumaker, and Madsen
2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.16
Constructing a Profile:
Straight Sewer Line Example
4. Project all elevations required at manholes,
such as grade (GRD) and invert elevation
(I.E., bottom inside of pipe) to intersect the
appropriate vertical line projected from theplan. See Figure 116d. Within the profile,
dots indicate where these elevations apply.
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Civil Drafting Technology, 7thedition
Madsen, Shumaker, and Madsen
2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.17
Constructing a Profile:
Straight Sewer Line Example
5. Draw lines representing features such as the grade
and the sewer line. See Figure 11-6e.
6. Apply symbols and labels as required (shown).
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Civil Drafting Technology, 7thedition
Madsen, Shumaker, and Madsen
2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.18
Constructing Profiles:
Curved Lines
Same procedure as constructing a profile using
a straight line, except the curved line (cutting
plane) must be redefined as a straight line.
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Civil Drafting Technology, 7thedition
Madsen, Shumaker, and Madsen
2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.19
Profile Terms and Symbols
Certain standard profile symbols and terms are usedfrequently.
Standards are sometimes modified as needed. Full station points points established by surveyors
every 100 ft. The first station point is 00 + 00, then 1 +00, 2 + 00, and so on.
Maintenance holes are abbreviated MH, followed by anassigned number.
Invert elevation (I.E.) represents the bottom inside ofthe pipe, and is always found on the profile.
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Civil Drafting Technology, 7thedition
Madsen, Shumaker, and Madsen
2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.20
Profile Terms and Symbols The distance between station points and the amount of slope are often
indicated in the profile just above the pipe. The size of the pipe isgiven first, and then the distance between maintenance holes,followed by the slopein this case, vertical drop in feet to horizontalrun per foot.
Grade an established elevation, such as road grade. Given with themanhole number and station value in the plan view. In some cases, the plan may be located to the left of the drawing,
with the profile on the right. The profile always appears as a straightline or flat plane, but the plan view may show several turns in thepipe.
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Civil Drafting Technology, 7thedition
Madsen Shumaker and Madsen
2010 Pearson Higher Education,
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Chapter 11 Activities
Chapter 11 Test
Chapter 11 Problem P11-2, P11-4.