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Standard conversion factors INCH = 25.4 MILLIMETREFOOT = 0.3048 METREYARD = 0.9144 METREMILE = 1.6093 KILOMETERACRE = 0.4047 HECTAREPOUND = 0.4536 KILOGRAMDEGREE FARENHEIT X 5/9 – 32 = DEGREE CELSIUSMILLIMETRE= 0.0394 INCHMETRE = 3.2808FOOTMETRE = 1.0936YARD
1) MILD STEEL (MS)SHEETWEIGHT (KGS) = LENGTH (MM) X WIDTH (MM) X 0. 00000785 X THICKNESSexample – The weight of MS Sheet of 1mm thickness and size 1250 MM X 2500 MM shall be2500MM X 1250 MM X 0.00000785 X 1 = 24.53 KGS/ SHEET
2) MS SQUARE
WEIGHT (KGS ) = WIDTH X WIDTH X 0.00000785 X LENGTH.
Example : A Square of size 25mm and length 1 metre then the weight shall
be.
25x25X 0.00000785 X 1000mm = 4.90 kgs/metre
3) MS ROUND
WEIGHT (KGS ) = 3.14 X 0.00000785 X ((diameter / 2)X( diameter / 2)) X
LENGTH.
Example : A Round of 20mm diameter and length 1 metre then the weight
shall be.
3.14 X 0.00000785 X ((20/2) X ( 20/2)) X 1000 mm = 2.46 kgs / metre
4) SS ROUND
DIA (mm) X DIA (mm) X 0.00623 = WEIGHT PER METRE
SS / MS Pipe
OD ( mm) – W.Tthick(mm) X W.Thick (mm) X 0.0248 = Weight Per Metre
OD ( mm) – W.Tthick(mm) X W.Thick (mm) X 0.00756 = Weight Per Foot
5) SS / MS CIRCLE
DIA(mm) X DIA (mm) X THICK(mm) 0.0000063 = Kg Per Piece
6) SS sheet
Length (Mtr) X Width (Mtr) X Thick(mm) X 8 = Weight Per Piece
Length (ft) X Width (ft) X Thick(inch) X 3 /4 = Weight Per Piece
7) S.S HEXAGONAL BAR
DIA (mm) X DIA (mm) X 0.00680 = WT. PER Mtr
Dia (mm) X Dia (mm) X 0.002072 = Wt. Per foot.
8) BRASS SHEET
WEIGHT (KGS) = LENGTH (MM) X BREADTH (MM) X 0. 0000085 X THICKNESS
Example – The weight of brass sheet of thickness 1 mm, length 1220mm and
breadth 355mm shall be
1220 X355X 0.0000085 X 1 = 3.68 Kgs/Sheet
9) COPPER SHEET
WEIGHT (KGS) = LENGTH (MM) X BREADTH (MM) X 0. 0000087 X THICKNESS
Example – The weight of coppper sheet of thickness 1 mm, length 1220mm
and breadth 355mm shall be
1220X355 X 0.0000087 X 1 = 3.76 Kgs/Sheet
10) BRASS / COPPER PIPE
OD (mm) – THICK (mm) X THICK(mm) X 0.0260 = WEIGHT PER METRE
11) ALUMINUM SHEET
WEIGHT (KGS) = LENGTH (MM) X BREADTH (MM) X 0. 00000026 X THICKNESS
Example – The weight of Aluminum sheet of thickness 1 mm, length 2500mm
and breadth 1250 mm shall be
2500x1250X 0.0000026 X 1 = 8.12 Kgs/Sheet
12) ALUMINIUM PIPE
OD (mm) – THICK(mm) X THICK(mm) X0.0083 = WEIGHT PER METRE
13) We are extremely thankful to Er. Harpal Aujla for sharing this
on our site and thus helping civil engineering students.
Detailed Units – Convert UnitsFollowing table shows how can we convert various most commonly used units from
one unit system to another.
Units to convert Value
Square foot to Square meter 1 ft² = 0.092903 m²
Foot per second squared to Meter per second squared 1 ft² = 0. 3048 m²
Cubic foot to Cubic meter 1 ft³ = 0.028316 m³
Pound per cubic inch to Kilogram per cubic meter 1 lb/in³ = 27679.9 047102
kg/m³
Gallon per minute = Liter per second 1 Gallon per minute =
0.0631 Liter per second
Pound per square inch = Kilopascal 1 Psi (Pound Per Square
Inch) = 6.894757 Kpa
(Kilopascal)
Pound force = Newton 1 Pound force = 4.448222
Newton
Pound per Square Foot to Pascal 1 lbf/ft2 = 47.88025 Pascal
Acre foot per day = Cubic meter per second 1 Acre foot per day= 1428
(m3/s)
Acre to square meter 1 acre = 4046.856 m²
Cubic foot per second = Cubic meter per second 1 ft³/s = 0.028316847 m³/sFiled under Measurement Units | 4 Comments
Measurement UnitsMeasurement units and standards are different in different countries but to maintain
a standard, SI units are mostly used when dealing with projects involving different
countries or even different states. Small projects can be done with the locally used
unit system but when the project is big, one standard unit system is to be used.
Two most common system used in the United States are
United States Customary System (USCS)
System International (SI)
But the SI unit system is more widely used all over the world. Following is the table
which shows how you can convert USCS measurements in SI measurements. ( Just
multiply the USCS amount with the corresponding figure given in table below
Convert USCS into SI UnitsUSCS unit X Factor = SI unit SI symbolSquare foot X 0.0929 = Square meter M2
Cubic foot X 0.2831 = Cubic meter M3
Pound per square inch X 6.894 = Kilopascal KPaPound force X 4.448 = Newton NuFoot pound torque X 1.356 = Newton meter N-mKip foot X 1.355 = Kilonewton meter LN-mGallon per minute X 0.06309 = Liter per second
L/s
Kip per square inch X 6.89 = Megapascal MPa
Mix Design For Concrete Roads As Per IRC:15-2011By
Kaushal Kishore, Materials Engineer, Roorkee
ABSTRACT:
The stresses induced in concrete pavements are mainly flexural. Therefore flexural
strength is more often specified than compressive strength in the design of
concrete mixes for pavement construction. A simple method of concrete mix design
based on flexural strength for normal weight concrete mixes is described in the
paper.
INTRODUCTION:
Usual criterion for the strength of concrete in the building industry is the
compressive strength, which is considered as a measure of quality concrete.
However, in pavement constructions, such as highway and airport runway, the
flexural strength of concrete is considered more important, as the stresses induced
in concrete pavements are mainly flexural. Therefore, flexural strength is more
often specified than compressive strength in the design of concrete mixes for
pavement construction. It is not perfectly reliable to predict flexural strength from
compressive strength. Further, various codes of the world specified that the paving
concrete mixes should preferably be designed in the laboratory and controlled in
the field on the basis of its flexural strength. Therefore, there is a need to design
concrete mixes based on flexural strength.
Continue Reading »Filed under Mix Design, Research Papers | 0 Comments
Understanding Nominal and Design MixesBy
Kaushal Kishore
Materials Engineer, Roorkee
Cement concrete in India on large scale is being used since the last about 70 years.
In the early days the following nominal ratio by volume for concrete were specified.
Cement : Sand : Aggregate
1 : 2 : 4Correspond to M-15 Grade
1 : 1.5 : 3Correspond to M-20 Grade
1 : 1 : 2Correspond to M-25 Grade
IS : 456-2000 has recommended that minimum grade of concrete shall be not less
than M-20 in reinforced concrete work. Design mix concrete is preferred to nominal
mix. If design mix concrete cannot be used for any reason on the work for grades of
M-20 or lower, nominal mixes may be used with the permission of engineer-in-
charge, which however is likely to involve a higher cement content.
Continue Reading »Filed under Mix Design | 9 Comments
What is Marshall Mix Design for Bituminous Materials?The Marshall Mix Design method was originally developed by Bruce Marshall of the
Mississippi Highway Department in 1939. The main idea of the Marshall Mix Design
method involves the selection of the asphalt binder content with a suitable density
which satisfies minimum stability and range of flow values.
The Marshall Mix Design method consists mainly of the following steps:
(i) Determination of physical properties, size and gradation of aggregates.
(ii) Selection of types of asphalt binder.
(iii) Prepare initial samples, each with different asphalt binder content.
For example, three samples are made each at 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5 percent
asphalt by dry weight for a total of 15 samples. There should be at least two
samples above and two below the estimated optimum asphalt content.
(iv) Plot the following graphs:
(a) Asphalt binder content vs. density
(b) Asphalt binder content vs. Marshall stability
(c) Asphalt binder content vs. flow
(d) Asphalt binder content vs. air voids
(e) Asphalt binder content vs. voids in mineral aggregates
(f) Asphalt binder content vs voids filled with asphalt
(v) Determine the asphalt binder content which corresponds to the air void content
of 4 percent
(vi) Determine properties at this optimum asphalt binder content by reference with
the graphs. Compare each of these values against design requirements and if all
comply with design requirements, then the selected optimum asphalt binder
content is acceptable. Otherwise, the mixture should be redesigned.
This question is taken from book named – A Self Learning Manual – Mastering
Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q-A-Method) by Vincent T. H. CHU.Filed under Highway Engineering, Mix Design | 1 Comment
What is the principle of Asphalt Mix Design?The main objective of asphalt mix design is to achieve a mix with economical
blending of aggregates with asphalt to achieve the following :
(i) workability to facilitate easy placement of bituminous materials without
experiencing segregation;
(ii) sufficient stability so that under traffic loads the pavement will not undergo
distortion and displacement;
(iii) durability by having sufficient asphalt;
(iv) sufficient air voids
In asphalt mix design, high durability is usually obtained at the expense of low
stability. Hence, a balance has to be stricken between the durability and stability
requirements.
This question is taken from book named – A Self Learning Manual – Mastering
Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q-A-Method) by Vincent T. H. CHU.Filed under Highway Engineering, Mix Design | 0 Comments
10 Things to Remember when doing Concrete Mix DesignGood quality concrete starts with the quality of materials, cost effective designs is
actually a by-product of selecting the best quality material and good construction
practices. Following are 10 Things to remember during Concrete Mix Design and
Concrete Trials.
1. ACI and other standards only serves as a guide, initial designs must be confirmed
by laboratory trial and plant trial, adjustments on the design shall be done during
trial mixes. Initial design “on paper” is never the final design.
2. Always carry out trial mixes using the materials for actual use.
3. Carry out 2 or 3 design variations for every design target.
4. Consider always the factor of safety, (1.125, 1.2, 1.25, 1.3 X target strength)
5. Before proceeding to plant trials, always confirm the source of materials to be the
same as the one used in the laboratory trials.
6. Check calibration of batching plant.
7. Carry out full tests of fresh concrete at the batching plant, specially the air
content and yield which is very important in commercial batching plants.
8. Correct quality control procedures at the plant will prevent future concrete
problems.
9. Follow admixture recommendations from your supplier
10. Check and verify strength development, most critical stage is the 3 and 7 days
strength.
Important note:
Technical knowledge is an advantage for batching plant staff, even if you have good
concrete design but uncommon or wrong procedures are practiced it will eventually
result to failures.
We at engineeringcivil.com are thankful to Tumi J. Mbaiwa for submitting these 10
points which are helpful to each and every civil engineer.
Cement And Water Saving With Water ReducersBy
Er. Kaushal Kishore ,
Materials Engineer, Roorkee
In India 0.93 kg of CO2 is emitted in the production of one kg of cement. In the
financial year 2009-10 India produces 200 million tonnes of cement. In the
production of this cement 186 million tonnes of CO2 was emitted in the atmosphere
during financial year of 2009-10.
The availability of water in India per person per year in 1950 was 5177 cu.m. In the
year 2009 it is reduces to 1700 cu.m.
If 50 million tonnes cement in making concrete uses water reducers 7500000
tonnes of cement can be saved. 3750000 kl of potable water will be saved and the
saving of Rs. 3300 crores per year to construction industry. This amount is worked
out after adjusting the cost of water reducers. Less cement used means less cement
required to be produce by the cement factories resulting 6975000 tonnes of CO2 will
be prevented to be emitted to the atmosphere. These are worked out with an
average saving of 15% cement and 15% water.
CO2 emission is word problem, but for India in addition to CO2 it has problems of Air,
Water, Soil, Food and Noise pollutions. Less densily populated countries may cope
with these problems but for India it is of the top concern. The population figures of
2009 is, India 350 person per sq.km, China 132 person per sq.km and USA only 34
person per sq.km. The figures of 2006 CO¬2 emissions are USA 658.60 tonnes per
sq.km, China 611.76 tonnes per sq.km and India 459.35 tonnes per sq.km. Every
one should contribute his or her efforts to save the environment from pollution.
Those involve in the construction activities can contribute their share by proper
design of concrete Mixes. This is best illustrated by the following examples.
Continue Reading »Filed under Mix Design, Research Papers | 8 Comments
Concrete Mix Design – M70 Grade of Concrete (OPC 53 Grade)Concrete mix design – M70 grade of concrete provided here is for reference purpose
only. Actual site conditions vary and thus this should be adjusted as per the location
and other factors.
A. Design Stipulation:
Characteristic comprehensive Strength @ 28 days = 70 N/mm2
Maximum size of aggregate = 20 mm
Degree of workability = Collapsible
Degree of quality control = Good
Type of exposure = Severe
Minimum cement content as per is 456-2000
B. Test data for concrete ingredients
Specific gravity of cement = 3.15
Specific gravity of fly ash = 2.24
Specific gravity of microsilica = 2.21
Setting time of cement initial = 165 min, final = 270min
Cement compressive strength =
39.0 N/mm2 @ 3 days
51.0 N/mm2 @ 7 days
64.2 N/mm2 @ 28 days
Specific gravity of coarse aggregates (ca) and fine aggregates (fa)
20 mm 2.729
10 mm 2.747
R/sand 2.751
C/sand 2.697
Water absorption
20 mm 1.540, 10mm 1.780, R/sand 3.780, C/sand 4.490
Characteristic strength @ 28 days 70 N/mm2
Target mean strength : Depend upon degree of quality control “good” and
considering (std. Dev.As 5 N/mm2)
Characteristic strength given by the relation 70 +(1.65 *5 ) = 78.25 N/mm2
C. Quantities of ingredients (By Absolute Volume Method )
Actual cement used = 486 kg/cum
Actual fly ash used = 90 kg/cum
Actual microsilica used = 24 kg/cum
W/C fixed = 0.26
Absolute volume of cement = 0.154
Absolute volume of air = 0.02
Absolute vol of water. = 0.156
Absolute vol of fly ash. = 0.040
Absolute vol of microsilica = 0.011
Total volume of CA and FA used = 1.00-(0.155+0.044+0.022+0.02 +0.154)
= 0.619 Cum
D. Aggregate percent used.
20 Mm = 24, 10 mm = 36, r/sand = 20, c/sand = 20
(2.729*0.24) + (2.747*0.36) +(2.751* 0.20 )+(2.697*0.20) *0.619*1000
405+612+340+334=1691
Aggt: cement = 2.82 : 1
Mix proportion = 0.26:1:0.57:0.56:1.02:0.67
E. Abstract:
20 mm = 405 kg/cum
10 mm = 612 kg/cum
r/sand = 340 kg /cum
c/sand = 334 kg/cum
water = 154 kg/cum
Admixture 0.50 % BY WT OF (C+F+MS) ASTP-1 OF BASF
Cube Compressive Strength (N/mm2)
3 days = 49.13
7 Days = 59.57
28 Days = 81.49
Note: Mix design is same for Crane bucket and Pump concrete only admixture
dosage will fine tuned by 0.05 to 0.10%
We are thankful to Deshmukh D S for submitting this very useful mix design
information to us.Filed under Mix Design | 8 Comments
Concrete Mix Design – M60 Grade Of Concrete (OPC 53 Grade)Concrete mix design – M60 grade of concrete provided here is for reference purpose
only. Actual site conditions vary and thus this should be adjusted as per the location
and other factors.
A. Design Stipulation:
Charastaristic comprehensive Strength @ 28 days = 60 N/mm2
Maximum size of aggregate = 20 mm
Degree of workability = Collapsible
Degree of quality control = Good
Type of exposure = Severe
Minimum cement content as per is 456-2000
B. Test data for concrete ingredients
Specific gravity of cement = 3.15
Specific gravity of fly ash = 2.24
Specific gravity of microsilica = 2.21
Setting time of cement initial = 120 min, final = 185 min
Cement compressive strength =
45.21 N/mm2 @ 3 days
54.82 N/mm2 @ 7 days
69.32 N/mm2 @ 28 days
Specific gravity of coarse aggregates (ca) and fine aggregates (fa)
20 mm 2.729
10 mm 2.747
R/sand 2.751
C/sand 2.697
Water absorption
20 mm 1.540, 10mm 1.780, R/sand 3.780, C/sand 4.490
Characterstic strength @ 28 days 60 N/mm2
Target mean strength : Depend upon degree of quality control “good” and
considering (std. Dev.As 5 N/mm2)
Characteristic strength given by the relation 60 +(1.65 *5 ) = 68.25 N/mm2
C. Quantities of ingredients ( by absolute volume Method )
Actual cement used = 450 kg/cum
Actual fly ash used = 80 kg/cum
Actual microsilica used = 40 kg/cum
W/C fixed = 0.24
Absolute volume of cement = 0.143
Absolute volume of air = 0.02
Absolute vol of water. = 0.137
Absolute vol of fly ash. = 0.036
Absolute vol of microsilica = 0.018
Total volume of CA and FA used = 1.00-(0.143+0.036+0.018+0.02 +0.137)
= 0.619 Cum
D. Aggregate percent used.
20 Mm = 31, 10 mm = 25, r/sand = 34, c/sand = 10
(2.729*0.31) + (2.747*0.25) +(2.751* 0.34 )+(2.697*0.10) *0.619*1000
546+444+604+174=1768
Aggt: cement = 3.10 : 1
Mix proportion = 0.24:1:1.06:0.30:0.78:0.96
E. Abstract:
20 mm 546 kg/cum
10 mm 444 kg/cum
r/sand 604 kg /cum
c/sand 174 kg/cum
water 137 kg/cum
Admixture 1.80 % By wt of (C+F+MS) chemsonite SP 450XL-B
Cube Compressive Strength (N/mm2)
3 days = 40.98
7 Days = 57.71
28 Days = 70.96
Note: Mix design is same for crane bucket and pump concrete only admixture
dosage will fine tuned by 0.10%.
We are thankful to Deshmukh D S for submitting this very useful mix design
information to us.Filed under Mix Design | 14 Comments
Mix Design For Concrete Roads As Per IRC-15-2002By
Er. Kaushal Kishore ,
Materials Engineer, Roorkee
Check out the Mix Design For Concrete Roads As Per IRC:15-2011
ABSTRACT:
The stresses induced in concrete pavements are mainly flexural. Therefore flexural
strength is more often specified than compressive strength in the design of
concrete mixes for pavement construction. A simple method of concrete mix design
based on flexural strength for normal weight concrete mixes is described in the
paper.
INTRODUCTION:
Usual criterion for the strength of concrete in the building industry is the
compressive strength, which is considered as a measure of quality concrete.
however, in pavement constructions, such as highway and airport runway, the
flexural strength of concrete is considered more important, as the stresses induced
in concrete pavements are mainly flexural. Therefore, flexural strength is more
often specified than compressive strength in the design of concrete mixes for
pavement construction. It is not perfectly reliable to predict flexural strength from
compressive strength. Further, various codes of the world specified that the paving
concrete mixes should preferably be designed in the laboratory and controlled in
the field on the basis of its flexural strength. Therefore, there is a need to design
concrete mixes based on flexural strength.
The type of aggregate can have a predominant effect, crushed rock aggregate
resulting in concrete with higher flexural strength than uncrushed (gravel)
aggregates for comparable mixes, assuming that sound materials are used. The
strength of cement influences the compressive and flexural strength of concrete i.e.
with the same water-cement ratio, higher strength cement will produce concrete of
higher compressive and flexural strength.
MIX DESIGN DETAILS
IRC: 15-2002 specified that for concrete roads OPC should be used. This code also
allowed PPC as per IS: 1489 may also be used. Accordingly OPC + fly ash may be
used in concrete roads. However, IS: 456-2000 specified that fly ash conforming to
grade-1 of IS-3812 may be used as part replacement of OPC provided uniform
blended with cement is essential. The construction sites where batching plants are
used this may be practicable. In ordinary sites where mixer or hand mixing are done
uniform blending of fly ash with cement is not practicable. At such construction
sites, PPC may be used.1 Characteristic Flexural
Strength at 28 days4.5N/mm2
2 Cement Three mixes are to be designedMIX-AWith PPC (Flyash based) conforming to IS:1489-part-I-1991. 7 days strength 37.5N/mm2. Specific Gravity: 3.00MIX-BWith OPC-43- Grade conforming to IS: 8112-1989. 7 days strength 40.5N/mm2. Specific Gravity : 3.15MIX-CWith OPC of Mix-B and Fly ash conforming to IS:3812 (Part-I)-2003 Specific Gravity : 2.20Note Requirements of all the three mixes are the same. Fine Aggregate, Coarse Aggregate and Retarder Super plasticizer are the same for all the three mixes.
3 Fly ash replacement 25% Fly ash is required to be replaced with the total cementitious materials.
4 Maximum nominal size of aggregates
20 mm Crushed aggregate
5 Fine aggregate River sand of Zone-II as per IS:383-
19706 Minimum cement content 350 kg/m3 including Fly ash7 Maximum free W/C Ratio 0.508 Workability 30 mm slump at pour the concrete will
be transported from central batching plant through transit mixer, at a distance of 20 Km during June, July months. The average temperature last year during these months was 400C.
9 Exposure condition Moderate10 Method of placing Fully mechanized construction11 Degree of supervision Good12 Maximum of cement content
(Fly ash not included)425 kg/m3
13 Chemical admixture Retarder Super plasticizer conforming to IS:9103-1999. With the given requirements and materials, the manufacturer of Retarder Super plasticizer recommends dosages of 10 gm per kg of OPC, which will reduce 15% of water without loss of workability. For fly ash included cement dosages will be required to be adjusted by experience/ trials.
14 Values of Jaxo- 1.65 x 0.5 N/mm2
Continue Reading »Filed under Mix Design, Research Papers | 12 Comments
How To Make Concrete At Site? M 25 ExampleBy
Er. Kaushal Kishore ,
Materials Engineer, Roorkee
PORTLAND CEMENT:
Joseph Aspdin, a mason at Leeds prepared a cement in 1824 by heating a mixture
of finely-divided clay and hard limestone in a furnace until CO2 had been driven off;
this temperature was much lower than that necessary for clinkering. The prototype
of modern cement was made in 1845 by Isaac Johnson, who burnt a mixture of clay
and chalk until clinkering, so that the reaction necessary for the formation of
strongly cementitious compound took place. The name ‘Portland Cement’ was given
due to the resemblance of the colour and quality of the hardened cement to
Portland stone- a limestone quarried in Doset.
The process of manufacturing of cement consists essentially of grinding the raw
materials ( calcareous materials such as limestone or chalk and argillaceous
materials such as shale or clay), mixing them intimately in certain proportion and
burning in a large rotary kiln at a temperature of upto about 14500C when the
material sinters and partially fuses into balls known as clinker. The clinker is cooled
and ground to a fine powder, with some gypsum added, and the resulting product is
the commercial Portland Cement so widely used throughout the world.
MAKING CONCRETE:
Just mix cement, aggregates and water, cast this mix in a mould, open the mould
next day. A uniform hard mass will be found, which is known as concrete, any body
can make it. The simplecity in making concrete make this material to be look like
very simple in its production, yet it as not so simple. Due to ignorance about
concrete no other building materials ever mis-used as concrete in the construction.
In India concrete is being used in the construction since the last 70 years. Yet 80%
of the builders have no proper understanding of this materials. Go to any
construction site (except big construction sites) you will find that sand and
aggregates are being taken in iron tasla or cane baskets to charge the mixer
without the consideration of site aggregates actual grindings, moisture content and
bulking of sand. The water is poured in the mixer without any measured quantity. It
could be well imagine what sort of concrete structure will be made with the
concrete being produced in this crude method.
Most of the contractors, builders, masons etc. still follow 1:2:4 or 1:1.5:3 mixes they
are not aware of Design Mixes and Concrete Admixtures. This paper described how
Design Mixes can be converted into volume with 1 Bag Cement, 2 Boxes of sand
and 4 Boxes of Aggregate. The site practical problem is the dispersion of water and
liquid admixtures into the mixer. For this the site should fabricate a plastic circular
graduated measuring container of 30 lit capacity with a tap fitted at its bottom. This
container is to be fitted on top of the mixer. From this container water and liquid
admixtures can conveniently poured direct into the mixer in a measured quantity.
CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
As per IS 10262-2009 & MORT&H
A-1 Stipulations for Proportioning
1 Grade Designation M35
2
Type of CementOPC 53 grade confirming to IS-12269-1987
3
Maximum Nominal Aggregate Size 20 mm
4 Minimum Cement Content (MORT&H 1700-3 A) 310 kg/m3
5 Maximum Water Cement Ratio (MORT&H 1700-3 A) 0.45
6
Workability (MORT&H 1700-4) 50-75 mm (Slump)
7
Exposure Condition Normal
8
Degree of Supervision Good
9
Type of Aggregate Crushed Angular Aggregate
10 Maximum Cement Content (MORT&H Cl. 1703.2) 540 kg/m3
11
Chemical Admixture TypeSuperplasticiser Confirming to IS-9103
A-2 Test Data for Materials
1
Cement Used Coromandal King OPC 53 grade
2
Sp. Gravity of Cement 3.15
3
Sp. Gravity of Water 1.00
4
Chemical Admixture BASF Chemicals Company
5
Sp. Gravity of 20 mm Aggregate 2.884
6 Sp. Gravity of 10 mm Aggregate 2.878
7
Sp. Gravity of Sand 2.605
8
Water Absorption of 20 mm Aggregate 0.97%
9
Water Absorption of 10 mm Aggregate 0.83%
10
Water Absorption of Sand 1.23%
11 Free (Surface) Moisture of 20 mm Aggregate nil
12 Free (Surface) Moisture of 10 mm Aggregate nil
13
Free (Surface) Moisture of Sand nil
14 Sieve Analysis of Individual Coarse Aggregates Separate Analysis Done
15 Sieve Analysis of Combined Coarse Aggregates Separate Analysis Done
15 Sp.Gravity of Combined Coarse Aggregates 2.882
16
Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregates Separate Analysis Done
A-3 Target Strength for Mix Proportioning
1
Target Mean Strength (MORT&H 1700-5) 47N/mm2
2
Characteristic Strength @ 28 days 35N/mm2
A-4 Selection of Water Cement Ratio
1 Maximum Water Cement Ratio (MORT&H 1700-3 A) 0.45
2
Adopted Water Cement Ratio 0.4
A-5 Selection of Water Content
1
Maximum Water content (10262-table-2) 186 Lit.
2 Estimated Water content for 50-75 mm Slump 160 Lit.
3
Superplasticiser used 0.5 % by wt. of cement
A-6 Calculation of Cement Content
1
Water Cement Ratio 0.4
2
Cement Content (160/0.42) 400 kg/m3
Which is greater then 310 kg/m3
A-7 Proportion of Volume of Coarse Aggregate & Fine Aggregate Content
1
Vol. of C.A. as per table 3 of IS 10262 62.00%
2
Adopted Vol. of Coarse Aggregate 62.00%Adopted Vol. of Fine Aggregate ( 1-0.62) 38.00%
A-8 Mix Calculations
1
Volume of Concrete in m3 1.00
2
Volume of Cement in m3 0.13(Mass of Cement) / (Sp. Gravity of Cement)x1000
3
Volume of Water in m3 0.160(Mass of Water) / (Sp. Gravity of Water)x1000
4
Volume of Admixture @ 0.5% in m3 0.00168(Mass of Admixture)/(Sp. Gravity of Admixture)x1000
5 Volume of All in Aggregate in m3 0.711
Sr. no. 1 – (Sr. no. 2+3+4)
6
Volume of Coarse Aggregate in m3 0.441Sr. no. 5 x 0.62
7
Volume of Fine Aggregate in m3 0.270Sr. no. 5 x 0.38
A-9 Mix Proportions for One Cum of Concrete (SSD Condition)
1
Mass of Cement in kg/m3 400
2
Mass of Water in kg/m3 160
3
Mass of Fine Aggregate in kg/m3 704
4
Mass of Coarse Aggregate in kg/m3 1271Mass of 20 mm in kg/m3 915Mass of 10 mm in kg/m3 356
5
Mass of Admixture in kg/m3 2.00
6
Water Cement Ratio 0.40
We are thankful to Er. Raj M. Khan for sharing this information with us on
engineeringcivil.com. We hope this would be of great significance to civil engineers.Filed under Mix Design | 34 Comments
M-30 Mix Designs as per IS-10262-2009Dear All
Again I am back with M-30 Mix Designs as per IS-10262-2009
Regards
Raj Mohammad Khan
M-30 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
As per IS 10262-2009 & MORT&H
A-
1 Stipulations for Proportioning
1
Grade Designation M30
2
Type of CementOPC 53 grade confirming to IS-12269-1987
3
Maximum Nominal Aggregate Size 20 mm
4 Minimum Cement Content (MORT&H 1700-3 A) 310 kg/m3
5 Maximum Water Cement Ratio (MORT&H 1700-3 A) 0.45
6
Workability (MORT&H 1700-4) 50-75 mm (Slump)
7
Exposure Condition Normal
8
Degree of Supervision Good
9
Type of Aggregate Crushed Angular Aggregate
10 Maximum Cement Content (MORT&H Cl. 1703.2) 540 kg/m3
11
Chemical Admixture TypeSuperplasticiser Confirming to IS-9103
A-
2 Test Data for Materials
1
Cement Used Coromandal King OPC 53 grade
2
Sp. Gravity of Cement 3.15
3
Sp. Gravity of Water 1.00
4
Chemical Admixture BASF Chemicals Company
5
Sp. Gravity of 20 mm Aggregate 2.884
6
Sp. Gravity of 10 mm Aggregate 2.878
7
Sp. Gravity of Sand 2.605
8
Water Absorption of 20 mm Aggregate 0.97%
9
Water Absorption of 10 mm Aggregate 0.83%
10
Water Absorption of Sand 1.23%
11
Free (Surface) Moisture of 20 mm Aggregate nil
12
Free (Surface) Moisture of 10 mm Aggregate nil
13
Free (Surface) Moisture of Sand nil
14 Sieve Analysis of Individual Coarse Aggregates Separate Analysis Done
15 Sieve Analysis of Combined Coarse Aggregates Separate Analysis Done
15
Sp. Gravity of Combined Coarse Aggregates 2.882
16
Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregates Separate Analysis Done
A-
3 Target Strength for Mix Proportioning
1
Target Mean Strength (MORT&H 1700-5) 42N/mm2
2
Characteristic Strength @ 28 days 30N/mm2
A-
4 Selection of Water Cement Ratio
1 Maximum Water Cement Ratio (MORT&H 1700-3 A) 0.45
2
Adopted Water Cement Ratio 0.42
A-
5 Selection of Water Content
1
Maximum Water content (10262-table-2) 186 Lit.
2 Estimated Water content for 50-75 mm Slump 160 Lit.
3
Superplasticiser used 0.5 % by wt. of cement
A-
6 Calculation of Cement Content
1
Water Cement Ratio 0.42
2
Cement Content (160/0.42) 380 kg/m3
Which is greater then 310 kg/m3
A-
7 Proportion of Volume of Coarse Aggregate & Fine Aggregate Content
1
Vol. of C.A. as per table 3 of IS 10262 62.00%
2
Adopted Vol. of Coarse Aggregate 62.00%Adopted Vol. of Fine Aggregate ( 1-0.62) 38.00%
A-
8 Mix Calculations
1
Volume of Concrete in m3 1.00
2
Volume of Cement in m3 0.12(Mass of Cement) / (Sp. Gravity of Cement)x1000
3 Volume of Water in m3 0.160
(Mass of Water) / (Sp. Gravity of Water)x1000
4
Volume of Admixture @ 0.5% in m3 0.00160(Mass of Admixture)/(Sp. Gravity of Admixture)x1000
5
Volume of All in Aggregate in m3 0.718Sr. no. 1 – (Sr. no. 2+3+4)
6
Volume of Coarse Aggregate in m3 0.445Sr. no. 5 x 0.62
7
Volume of Fine Aggregate in m3 0.273Sr. no. 5 x 0.38
A-
9 Mix Proportions for One Cum of Concrete (SSD Condition)
1
Mass of Cement in kg/m3 380
2
Mass of Water in kg/m3 160
3
Mass of Fine Aggregate in kg/m3 711
4
Mass of Coarse Aggregate in kg/m3 1283Mass of 20 mm in kg/m3 924Mass of 10 mm in kg/m3 359
5
Mass of Admixture in kg/m3 1.90
6
Water Cement Ratio 0.42
We are thankful to Er. Raj M. Khan for sharing this information with us on
engineeringcivil.com. We hope this would be of great significance to civil engineers.Filed under Mix Design | 57 Comments
M-25 Mix Designs as per IS-10262-2009Dear All
Again I am back with M-25 Mix Designs as per IS-10262-2009.
Regards
Raj Mohammad Khan
M-25 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
As per IS 10262-2009 & MORT&H
A-
1 Stipulations for Proportioning
1
Grade Designation M25
2
Type of CementOPC 53 grade confirming to IS-12269-1987
3
Maximum Nominal Aggregate Size 20 mm
4 Minimum Cement Content (MORT&H 1700-3 A) 310 kg/m3
5 Maximum Water Cement Ratio (MORT&H 1700-3 A) 0.45
6
Workability (MORT&H 1700-4) 50-75 mm (Slump)
7
Exposure Condition Normal
8
Degree of Supervision Good
9
Type of Aggregate Crushed Angular Aggregate
10 Maximum Cement Content (MORT&H Cl. 1703.2) 540 kg/m3
11
Chemical Admixture TypeSuperplasticiser Confirming to IS-9103
A- Test Data for Materials
2
1
Cement Used Coromandal King OPC 53 grade
2
Sp. Gravity of Cement 3.15
3
Sp. Gravity of Water 1.00
4
Chemical Admixture BASF Chemicals Company
5
Sp. Gravity of 20 mm Aggregate 2.884
6
Sp. Gravity of 10 mm Aggregate 2.878
7
Sp. Gravity of Sand 2.605
8
Water Absorption of 20 mm Aggregate 0.97%
9
Water Absorption of 10 mm Aggregate 0.83%
10
Water Absorption of Sand 1.23%
11 Free (Surface) Moisture of 20 mm Aggregate nil
12 Free (Surface) Moisture of 10 mm Aggregate nil
13
Free (Surface) Moisture of Sand nil
14 Sieve Analysis of Individual Coarse Aggregates Separate Analysis Done
15 Sieve Analysis of Combined Coarse Aggregates Separate Analysis Done
15
Sp. Gravity of Combined Coarse Aggregates 2.882
16 Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregates Separate Analysis Done
A-
3 Target Strength for Mix Proportioning
1
Target Mean Strength (MORT&H 1700-5) 36N/mm2
2
Characteristic Strength @ 28 days 25N/mm2
A-
4 Selection of Water Cement Ratio
1 Maximum Water Cement Ratio (MORT&H 1700-3 A) 0.45
2
Adopted Water Cement Ratio 0.43
A-
5 Selection of Water Content
1
Maximum Water content (10262-table-2) 186 Lit.
2 Estimated Water content for 50-75 mm Slump 138 Lit.
3
Superplasticiser used 0.5 % by wt. of cement
A-
6 Calculation of Cement Content
1
Water Cement Ratio 0.43
2
Cement Content (138/0.43) 320 kg/m3
Which is greater then 310 kg/m3
A-
7 Proportion of Volume of Coarse Aggregate & Fine Aggregate Content
1
Vol. of C.A. as per table 3 of IS 10262 62.00%
2
Adopted Vol. of Coarse Aggregate 62.00%Adopted Vol. of Fine Aggregate ( 1-0.62) 38.00%
A-
8 Mix Calculations
1
Volume of Concrete in m3 1.00
2
Volume of Cement in m3 0.10(Mass of Cement) / (Sp. Gravity of Cement)x1000
3
Volume of Water in m3 0.138(Mass of Water) / (Sp. Gravity of Water)x1000
4
Volume of Admixture @ 0.5% in m3 0.00134(Mass of Admixture)/(Sp. Gravity of Admixture)x1000
5
Volume of All in Aggregate in m3 0.759Sr. no. 1 – (Sr. no. 2+3+4)
6
Volume of Coarse Aggregate in m3 0.471Sr. no. 5 x 0.62
7
Volume of Fine Aggregate in m3 0.288Sr. no. 5 x 0.38
A-
9 Mix Proportions for One Cum of Concrete (SSD Condition)
1
Mass of Cement in kg/m3 320
2
Mass of Water in kg/m3 138
3
Mass of Fine Aggregate in kg/m3 751
4
Mass of Coarse Aggregate in kg/m3 1356Mass of 20 mm in kg/m3 977
Mass of 10 mm in kg/m3 380
5
Mass of Admixture in kg/m3 1.60
6
Water Cement Ratio 0.43
We are thankful to Er. Raj M. Khan for sharing this information with us on
engineeringcivil.com. We hope this would be of great significance to civil engineers.
Filed under Mix Design | 77 Comments
M-20 Mix Designs as per IS-10262-2009Dear All
Again I am back with M-20 Mix Designs as per IS-10262-2009
Regards
Raj Mohammad Khan
M-20 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
As per IS 10262-2009 & MORT&H
A-
1 Stipulations for Proportioning
1
Grade Designation M20
2
Type of CementOPC 53 grade confirming to IS-12269-1987
3
Maximum Nominal Aggregate Size 20 mm
4 Minimum Cement Content (MORT&H 1700-3 A) 250 kg/m3
5 Maximum Water Cement Ratio (MORT&H 1700-3 A) 0.5
6
Workability (MORT&H 1700-4) 25 mm (Slump)
7
Exposure Condition Normal
8
Degree of Supervision Good
9 Type of Aggregate Crushed Angular Aggregate
10 Maximum Cement Content (MORT&H Cl. 1703.2) 540 kg/m3
11
Chemical Admixture TypeSuperplasticiser Confirming to IS-9103
A-
2 Test Data for Materials
1
Cement Used Coromandal King OPC 53 grade
2
Sp. Gravity of Cement 3.15
3
Sp. Gravity of Water 1.00
4
Chemical Admixture Not Used
5
Sp. Gravity of 20 mm Aggregate 2.884
6
Sp. Gravity of 10 mm Aggregate 2.878
7
Sp. Gravity of Sand 2.605
8
Water Absorption of 20 mm Aggregate 0.97%
9
Water Absorption of 10 mm Aggregate 0.83%
10
Water Absorption of Sand 1.23%
11 Free (Surface) Moisture of 20 mm Aggregate nil
12 Free (Surface) Moisture of 10 mm Aggregate nil
13
Free (Surface) Moisture of Sand nil
14 Sieve Analysis of Individual Coarse Aggregates Separate Analysis Done
15 Sieve Analysis of Combined Coarse Aggregates Separate Analysis Done
15 Sp. Gravity of Combined Coarse Aggregates 2.882
16
Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregates Separate Analysis Done
A-
3 Target Strength for Mix Proportioning
1
Target Mean Strength (MORT&H 1700-5) 30N/mm2
2
Characteristic Strength @ 28 days 20N/mm2
A-
4 Selection of Water Cement Ratio
1 Maximum Water Cement Ratio (MORT&H 1700-3 A) 0.5
2
Adopted Water Cement Ratio 0.5
A-
5 Selection of Water Content
1
Maximum Water content (10262-table-2) 186 Lit.
2
Estimated Water content for 25 mm Slump 145 Lit.
3
Superplasticiser used nil
A-
6 Calculation of Cement Content
1
Water Cement Ratio 0.5
2
Cement Content (145/0.5) 290 kg/m3
Which is greater then 250 kg/m3
A- Proportion of Volume of Coarse Aggregate & Fine Aggregate Content
7
1
Vol. of C.A. as per table 3 of IS 10262 62.00%
2
Adopted Vol. of Coarse Aggregate 65.00%Adopted Vol. of Fine Aggregate ( 1-0.65) 35.00%
A-
8 Mix Calculations
1
Volume of Concrete in m3 1.00
2
Volume of Cement in m3 0.09(Mass of Cement) / (Sp. Gravity of Cement)x1000
3
Volume of Water in m3 0.145(Mass of Water) / (Sp. Gravity of Water)x1000
4
Volume of Admixture @ 0% in m3 nil(Mass of Admixture)/(Sp. Gravity of Admixture)x1000
5
Volume of All in Aggregate in m3 0.763Sr. no. 1 – (Sr. no. 2+3+4)
6
Volume of Coarse Aggregate in m3 0.496Sr. no. 5 x 0.65
7
Volume of Fine Aggregate in m3 0.267Sr. no. 5 x 0.35
A-
9 Mix Proportions for One Cum of Concrete (SSD Condition)
1
Mass of Cement in kg/m3 290
2 Mass of Water in kg/m3 145
3
Mass of Fine Aggregate in kg/m3 696
4
Mass of Coarse Aggregate in kg/m3 1429Mass of 20 mm in kg/m3 1029Mass of 10 mm in kg/m3 400
5
Mass of Admixture in kg/m3 nil
6
Water Cement Ratio 0.5
We are thankful to Er. Raj M. Khan for sharing this information with us on
engineeringcivil.com. We hope this would be of great significance to civil engineers.Filed under Mix Design | 112 Comments
M 15 Mix Designs as per IS-10262-2009Dear All,
Here i am giving the mix designs as per IS-10262-2009 which gives to change the
procedure for calculating the concrete ingredients
Regards
Raj Mohammad Khan
M-15 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
As per IS 10262-2009 & MORT&H
A-
1 Stipulations for Proportioning
1
Grade Designation M15
2
Type of CementOPC 53 grade confirming to IS-12269-1987
3
Maximum Nominal Aggregate Size 20 mm
4 Minimum Cement Content (MORT&H 1700-3 A) 250 kg/m3
5 Maximum Water Cement Ratio (MORT&H 1700-3 A) 0.5
6
Workability (MORT&H 1700-4) 25 mm (Slump)
7
Exposure Condition Normal
8
Degree of Supervision Good
9
Type of Aggregate Crushed Angular Aggregate
10 Maximum Cement Content (MORT&H Cl. 1703.2) 540 kg/m3
11
Chemical Admixture TypeSuperplasticiser Confirming to IS-9103
A-
2 Test Data for Materials
1
Cement Used Coromandal King OPC 53 grade
2
Sp. Gravity of Cement 3.15
3
Sp. Gravity of Water 1.00
4
Chemical Admixture Not Used
5
Sp. Gravity of 20 mm Aggregate 2.884
6
Sp. Gravity of 10 mm Aggregate 2.878
7
Sp. Gravity of Sand 2.605
8
Water Absorption of 20 mm Aggregate 0.97%
9
Water Absorption of 10 mm Aggregate 0.83%
10
Water Absorption of Sand 1.23%
11 Free (Surface) Moisture of 20 mm Aggregate nil
12 Free (Surface) Moisture of 10 mm Aggregate nil
13
Free (Surface) Moisture of Sand nil
14 Sieve Analysis of Individual Coarse Aggregates Separate Analysis Done
15 Sieve Analysis of Combined Coarse Aggregates Separate Analysis Done
15 Sp.Gravity of Combined Coarse Aggregates 2.882
16
Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregates Separate Analysis Done
A-
3 Target Strength for Mix Proportioning
1 Target Mean Strength (MORT&H 1700-5) 25N/mm2
2
Characteristic Strength @ 28 days 15N/mm2
A-
4 Selection of Water Cement Ratio
1 Maximum Water Cement Ratio (MORT&H 1700-3 A) 0.5
2
Adopted Water Cement Ratio 0.5
A-
5 Selection of Water Content
1 Maximum Water content (10262-table-2) 186 Lit.
2 Estimated Water content for 25 mm Slump 135 Lit.
3
Superplasticiser used nil
A-
6 Calculation of Cement Content
1
Water Cement Ratio 0.5
2
Cement Content (135/0.5) 270 kg/m3
Which is greater then 250 kg/m3
A-
7Proportion of Volume of Coarse Aggregate & Fine Aggregate Content
1
Vol. of C.A. as per table 3 of IS 10262 62.00%
2
Adopted Vol. of Coarse Aggregate 65.00%Adopted Vol. of Fine Aggregate ( 1-0.65) 35.00%
A-
8 Mix Calculations
1
Volume of Concrete in m3 1.00
2
Volume of Cement in m3 0.09(Mass of Cement) / (Sp. Gravity of Cement)x1000
3
Volume of Water in m3 0.135(Mass of Water) / (Sp. Gravity of Water)x1000
4
Volume of Admixture @ 0% in m3 nil(Mass of Admixture)/(Sp. Gravity of Admixture)x1000
5
Volume of All in Aggregate in m3 0.779Sr. no. 1 – (Sr. no. 2+3+4)
6
Volume of Coarse Aggregate in m3 0.507
Sr. no. 5 x 0.65
7
Volume of Fine Aggregate in m3 0.273Sr. no. 5 x 0.35
A-
9 Mix Proportions for One Cum of Concrete (SSD Condition)
1
Mass of Cement in kg/m3 270
2
Mass of Water in kg/m3 135
3
Mass of Fine Aggregate in kg/m3 711
4
Mass of Coarse Aggregate in kg/m3 1460Mass of 20 mm in kg/m3 1051Mass of 10 mm in kg/m3 409
5
Mass of Admixture in kg/m3 nil
6
Water Cement Ratio 0.5
We are thankful to Er. Raj M. Khan for sharing this information with us on
engineeringcivil.com. We hope this would be of great significance to civil engineers.
Mix Design With SuperplasticizersBy
Er. Kaushal Kishore ,
Materials Engineer, Roorkee
INTRODUCTION
Superplasticizers belongs to a class of water reducer chemically different from the
normal water reducers and capable of reducing water content by about 30%. The
Superplasticizers are broadly classified into four groups: sulfonated melamine
formaldehyde condensate (SMF), sulphonated naphthalene formaldehyde
condensate (SNF), modified lignosulphonate (MLS) and others including sulphonic
acid ester, polyacrylates, polystryrene sulphonates, etc. The benefits obtained by
Superplasticizers in the reduction of water in the concrete mixes are best illustrated
by the following examples.
Continue Reading »Filed under Mix Design, Research Papers | 5 Comments
Concrete Mix Design CalculationsThe concrete mix design available on this site are for reference purpose only. Actual
site conditions vary and thus this should be adjusted as per the location and other
factors. These are just to show you how to calculate and we are thankful to all the
members who have emailed us these mix designs so that these could be shared
with civil engineers worldwide.
If you also have any mix design and want to share it with us, just comment on this
post and we will be in touch with you.
Here is the summary of links of all the mix designs we have till date:-
Mix Design For M20 Grade Of Concrete
Mix Design For M35 Grade Of Concrete
Mix Design For M40 Grade Of Concrete
Mix Design For M50 Grade Of Concrete
Mix Design For M60 Grade Of Concrete
In case you want the complete theory of Mix Design, Go here What is Concrete
Mix Design
We will add more soon. You can help us do this fast, just email us any mix design
you have.
Filed under Mix Design | 114 Comments
Mix Design M-50 GradeThe mix design M-50 grade (Using Admixture –Sikament) provided here is for
reference purpose only. Actual site conditions vary and thus this should be adjusted
as per the location and other factors.
Parameters for mix design M50
Grade Designation = M-50
Type of cement = O.P.C-43 grade
Brand of cement = Vikram ( Grasim )
Admixture = Sika [Sikament 170 ( H ) ]
Fine Aggregate = Zone-II
Sp. Gravity
Cement = 3.15
Fine Aggregate = 2.61
Coarse Aggregate (20mm) = 2.65
Coarse Aggregate (10mm) = 2.66
Minimum Cement (As per contract) =400 kg / m3
Maximum water cement ratio (As per contract) = 0.45
Mix Calculation: -
1. Target Mean Strength = 50 + ( 5 X 1.65 ) = 58.25 Mpa
2. Selection of water cement ratio:-
Assume water cement ratio = 0.35
3. Calculation of water: -
Approximate water content for 20mm max. Size of aggregate = 180 kg /m3 (As per
Table No. 5 , IS : 10262 ). As plasticizer is proposed we can reduce water content by
20%.
Now water content = 180 X 0.8 = 144 kg /m3
4. Calculation of cement content:-
Water cement ratio = 0.35
Water content per cum of concrete = 144 kg
Cement content = 144/0.35 = 411.4 kg / m3
Say cement content = 412 kg / m3 (As per contract Minimum cement content 400
kg / m3 )
Hence O.K.
5. Calculation for C.A. & F.A.: [ Formula's can be seen in earlier posts]-
Volume of concrete = 1 m3
Volume of cement = 412 / ( 3.15 X 1000 ) = 0.1308 m3
Volume of water = 144 / ( 1 X 1000 ) = 0.1440 m3
Volume of Admixture = 4.994 / (1.145 X 1000 ) = 0.0043 m3
Total weight of other materials except coarse aggregate = 0.1308 + 0.1440
+0.0043 = 0.2791 m3
Volume of coarse and fine aggregate = 1 – 0.2791 = 0.7209 m3
Volume of F.A. = 0.7209 X 0.33 = 0.2379 m3 (Assuming 33% by volume of total
aggregate )
Volume of C.A. = 0.7209 – 0.2379 = 0.4830 m3
Therefore weight of F.A. = 0.2379 X 2.61 X 1000 = 620.919 kg/ m3
Say weight of F.A. = 621 kg/ m3
Therefore weight of C.A. = 0.4830 X 2.655 X 1000 = 1282.365 kg/ m3
Say weight of C.A. = 1284 kg/ m3
Considering 20 mm: 10mm = 0.55: 0.45
20mm = 706 kg .
10mm = 578 kg .
Hence Mix details per m3
Increasing cement, water, admixture by 2.5% for this trial
Cement = 412 X 1.025 = 422 kg
Water = 144 X 1.025 = 147.6 kg
Fine aggregate = 621 kg
Coarse aggregate 20 mm = 706 kg
Coarse aggregate 10 mm = 578 kg
Admixture = 1.2 % by weight of cement = 5.064 kg.
Water: cement: F.A.: C.A. = 0.35: 1: 1.472: 3.043
Observation: -
A. Mix was cohesive and homogeneous.
B. Slump = 120 mm
C. No. of cube casted = 9 Nos.
7 days average compressive strength = 52.07 MPa.
28 days average compressive strength = 62.52 MPa which is greater than 58.25MPa
Hence the mix accepted.
We are thankful to Er Gurjeet Singh for this valuable information.
Filed under Mix Design | 83 Comments
Mix Design M-40 GradeThe mix design M-40 grade for Pier (Using Admixture – Fosroc) provided here is for
reference purpose only. Actual site conditions vary and thus this should be adjusted
as per the location and other factors.
Parameters for mix design M40
Grade Designation = M-40
Type of cement = O.P.C-43 grade
Brand of cement = Vikram ( Grasim )
Admixture = Fosroc ( Conplast SP 430 G8M )
Fine Aggregate = Zone-II
Sp. Gravity Cement = 3.15
Fine Aggregate = 2.61
Coarse Aggregate (20mm) = 2.65
Coarse Aggregate (10mm) = 2.66
Minimum Cement (As per contract) = 400 kg / m3
Maximum water cement ratio (As per contract) = 0.45
Mix Calculation: -
1. Target Mean Strength = 40 + (5 X 1.65) = 48.25 Mpa
2. Selection of water cement ratio:-
Assume water cement ratio = 0.4
3. Calculation of cement content: -
Assume cement content 400 kg / m3
(As per contract Minimum cement content 400 kg / m3)
4. Calculation of water: -
400 X 0.4 = 160 kg Which is less than 186 kg (As per Table No. 4, IS: 10262)
Hence o.k.
5. Calculation for C.A. & F.A.: – As per IS : 10262 , Cl. No. 3.5.1
V = [ W + (C/Sc) + (1/p) . (fa/Sfa) ] x (1/1000)
V = [ W + (C/Sc) + {1/(1-p)} . (ca/Sca) ] x (1/1000)
Where
V = absolute volume of fresh concrete, which is equal to gross volume (m3) minus
the volume of entrapped air ,
W = mass of water ( kg ) per m3 of concrete ,
C = mass of cement ( kg ) per m3 of concrete ,
Sc = specific gravity of cement,
(p) = Ratio of fine aggregate to total aggregate by absolute volume ,
(fa) , (ca) = total mass of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate (kg) per m3 of
Concrete respectively, and
Sfa , Sca = specific gravities of saturated surface dry fine aggregate and Coarse
aggregate respectively.
As per Table No. 3 , IS-10262, for 20mm maximum size entrapped air is 2% .
Assume F.A. by % of volume of total aggregate = 36.5 %
0.98 = [ 160 + ( 400 / 3.15 ) + ( 1 / 0.365 ) ( Fa / 2.61 )] ( 1 /1000 )
=> Fa = 660.2 kg
Say Fa = 660 kg.
0.98 = [ 160 + ( 400 / 3.15 ) + ( 1 / 0.635 ) ( Ca / 2.655 )] ( 1 /1000 )
=> Ca = 1168.37 kg.
Say Ca = 1168 kg.
Considering 20 mm : 10mm = 0.6 : 0.4
20mm = 701 kg .
10mm = 467 kg .
Hence Mix details per m3
Cement = 400 kg
Water = 160 kg
Fine aggregate = 660 kg
Coarse aggregate 20 mm = 701 kg
Coarse aggregate 10 mm = 467 kg
Admixture = 0.6 % by weight of cement = 2.4 kg.
Recron 3S = 900 gm
Water: cement: F.A.: C.A. = 0.4: 1: 1.65: 2.92
Observation: -
A. Mix was cohesive and homogeneous.
B. Slump = 110mm
C. No. of cube casted = 12 Nos.
7 days average compressive strength = 51.26 MPa.
28 days average compressive strength = 62.96 MPa which is greater than 48.25MPa
Hence the mix is accepted.
We are thankful to Er Gurjeet Singh for this valuable information.
Filed under Mix Design | 128 Comments
Concrete Mix Design – M 20 Grade Of Concrete1. REQUIREMENTS
a) Specified minimum strength = 20 N/Sq mm
b) Durability requirements
i) Exposure Moderate
ii) Minimum Cement Content = 300 Kgs/cum
c) Cement
(Refer Table No. 5 of IS:456-2000)
i) Make Chetak (Birla)
ii) Type OPC
iii) Grade 43
d) Workability
i) compacting factor = 0.7
e) Degree of quality control Good
Concrete Mix Design M-60CONCRETE MIX DESIGN (GRADE M60)
(a) DESIGN STIPULATION:-
Target strength = 60Mpa
Max size of aggregate used = 12.5 mm
Specific gravity of cement = 3.15
Specific gravity of fine aggregate (F.A) = 2.6
Specific gravity of Coarse aggregate (C.A) = 2.64
Dry Rodded Bulk Density of fine aggregate = 1726 Kg/m3
Dry Rodded Bulk Density of coarse aggregate = 1638 Kg/m3
Continue Reading »Filed under Mix Design | 140 Comments
Mix Design For M35 Grade Of ConcreteThe mix design for M35 Grade Of Concrete for pile foundations provided here is for
reference purpose only. Actual site conditions vary and thus this should be adjusted
as per the location and other factors.
Grade of Concrete : M35
Characteristic Strength (Fck) : 35 Mpa
Standard Deviation : 1.91 Mpa*
Target Mean Strength : T.M.S.= Fck +1.65 x S.D.
(from I.S 456-2000) = 35+ 1.65×1.91
= 38.15 Mpa
Mix Design For M35 Grade Of Concrete
The mix design for M35 Grade Of Concrete for pile foundations provided here is for reference purpose only. Actual site conditions vary and thus this should be adjusted as per the location and other factors.
Grade of Concrete : M35Characteristic Strength (Fck) : 35 MpaStandard Deviation : 1.91 Mpa*Target Mean Strength : T.M.S.= Fck +1.65 x S.D.(from I.S 456-2000) = 35+ 1.65×1.91= 38.15 Mpa
Test Data For Material:Aggregate Type : CrushedSpecific Gravity Cement : 3.15Coarse Aggregate : 2.67Fine Aggregate : 2.62
Water Absorption:Coarse Aggregate : 0.5%Fine Aggregate : 1.0 %
MIX DESIGN
Take Sand content as percentage of total aggregates = 36%
Select Water Cement Ratio = 0.43 for concrete grade M35
(From Fig 2. of I.S. 10262- 1982)
Select Water Content = 172 Kg
(From IS: 10262 for 20 mm nominal size of aggregates Maximum Water Content = 186 Kg/ M3 )
Hence, Cement Content= 172 / 0.43 = 400 Kg / M3
Formula for Mix Proportion of Fine and Coarse Aggregate:
1000(1-a0) = {(Cement Content / Sp. Gr. Of Cement) + Water Content +(Fa / Sp. Gr.* Pf )}
1000(1-a0) = {(Cement Content / Sp. Gr. Of Cement) + Water Content +Ca / Sp. Gr.* Pc )}
Where Ca = Coarse Aggregate Content
Fa = Fine Aggregate Content
Pf = Sand Content as percentage of total Aggregates
= 0.36
Pc = Coarse Aggregate Content as percentage of total Aggregates.
= 0.64
a0 = Percentage air content in concrete (As per IS :10262 for 20 mm nominal size of
aggregates air content is 2 %) = 0.02
Hence, 1000(1-0.02) = {(400 /3.15) + 172 +(Fa / 2.62 x 0.36)}
Fa = 642 Kg/ Cum
As the sand is of Zone II no adjustment is required for sand.
Sand Content = 642 Kg/ Cum
1000(1-0.02) = {(400 /3.15) + 172 +(Ca / 2.67 x 0.64)}
Hence, Ca = 1165 Kg/ Cum
From combined gradation of Coarse aggregates it has been found out that the proportion of 53:47 of 20 mm & 10 mm aggregates produces the best gradation as per IS: 383.
Hence, 20 mm Aggregates = 619 Kg
And 10 mm Aggregates = 546 Kg
To obtain slump in the range of 150-190 mm water reducing admixture brand SP430 from Fosroc with a dose of 0.3 % by weight of Cement shall be used.
Hence the Mix Proportion becomes:
Units – Kg/ M3
Cement : Sand: Coarse Aggregates = 1 : 1.6 : 2.907
We are thankful to Er. Ishan Kaushal for this valuable information.
Source: http://www.engineeringcivil.com/theory/concrete-engineering/mix-design
Cem
W/C
Water
Sand
20mm
10mm
Admix
400 0.43 172 635 619 564 1.2
1 0.43 1.6 1.547 1.36 0.003