Civil Engineering is EverywhereCivil Engineering is Everywhere Branches of Civil Engineering.

– Surveying– Transportation Engg– Geotechnical or Soil Mechanics– Environmental Engg– Structural Engg– Quantity Surveying– Construction Management and Project

Management– Irrigation – Fluid Mechanics– Town Planning– Remote Sensing

BRANCHES OF CIVILBRANCHES OF CIVILHousing – 1) Surveying

2) Construction Management

3) Quantity Surveying

4) Structural Engg

5) Geotechnical and Foundation Engg

6) Earthquake Engg

7) Town Planning

8) Remote Sensing

Water - 1) Irrigation Engg

2) Fluid Mechanics

3) Environmental Engg

Transportation – 1) Roadways

2 ) Railways

3) Airways

4) Waterways

SurveyingSurveying Def Surveying:- * Relative Point

* Prepare Maps

* Linear and Angular Measurements

* Leveling Classification of Surveying- * Plane Surveying

* Geodetic Surveying Types of Surveying - * Based on Purpose

* Based on Instruments Principals of Surveying – Work from Whole to part To Locate a pt by atleast 2 independent measurements.

TYPES – TYPES – Based on Purpose – Based on Purpose – 1) 1) Topographic Surveying –Topographic Surveying – Natural and Artificial Features like Natural and Artificial Features like hills, Lakes, Roads, Villages, Railway tracks……. Etc.hills, Lakes, Roads, Villages, Railway tracks……. Etc.2) 2) Cadcestral Surveying – Cadcestral Surveying – Boundaries of Fields, Houses, Plots…Boundaries of Fields, Houses, Plots…3) 3) City Survey – City Survey – boundaries of plots, watersupply, sanitary…..boundaries of plots, watersupply, sanitary…..4) 4) Route Surveying Route Surveying - ……………- ……………5) 5) Mine Surveying – Mine Surveying – Underground material…..Underground material…..6) 6) Hydrographic Surveying Hydrographic Surveying – Nature of Bed Surface.– Nature of Bed Surface.Based on Instruments – Based on Instruments – 1) Chain Survey1) Chain Survey2) Compass Survey2) Compass Survey3) Chain and Compass Survey3) Chain and Compass Survey4) Theodolite Survey4) Theodolite Survey5) Tachometric Surveying5) Tachometric Surveying6) Plane Table Surveying6) Plane Table Surveying7) Electronic Distance Meter Surveying.7) Electronic Distance Meter Surveying.

• Applications Of Applications Of SurveyingSurveying

1) Plans and Maps1) Plans and Maps2) Measure Area of Plot or Land2) Measure Area of Plot or Land3) Horizontal and vertical 3) Horizontal and vertical MeasurementsMeasurements4) CONTOUR Maps4) CONTOUR Maps5) Selection of Suitable site5) Selection of Suitable site6) Quantity of Earth Work6) Quantity of Earth Work7) Capacity of Reservoir…….. And 7) Capacity of Reservoir…….. And many more…….many more…….

Structural Engg.Structural Engg.

Structural engineers design steel, concrete, timber framed structures such as:– Tall buildings, towers– Bridges– Chimneys, Tanks– Retaining walls, foundations– Stadiums …….. Etc…– Calculates LOAD on Structure

TYPES OF LOADSTYPES OF LOADS1) Dead Load

2) Live Load

3) Wind Load

4) Earthquake Load.

Classification of STRUCTURESClassification of STRUCTURES

1) RCC

2) Steel Structure

(HW…) Application of Structural (HW…) Application of Structural Engineering??????Engineering??????

Environmental Engineering.Environmental Engineering.

It’s also “PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING”

It’s the branch which deals with- Water Supply Engg- Sanitary System Engg- Environmental Pollution

Applications of Environmental EnggApplications of Environmental Engg

1) Testing Quality of Water for diff. purposes.

2) Design – Water Treatment Plant

3) Design – Sewage Treatment Plant

4) Study Population and design proposed projects.

5) Control and Reduce POLLUTION

6) Dispose Waste….etc..

TransportationTransportation Transportation Engineers

design and analyze – Roadways – Railways– Airports– Waterways– Parking Lots – Traffic Control Signal

Systems.

ROADWAYSROADWAYS

Classification of Roadways – According to IRC

– Expressway– National Highway (NH)– State Highway (SH)– Major District Road (MDR)– Village Road (VR)

According to Material used for Construction – Bituminous Road or Tar Road– Concrete Road– Water Bound Macadem Road (WBM)– Earth Work.

Classification according to IRCClassification according to IRCExpressway – (HW) ???????

National Highway – – Run through LENGTH and WIDTH of

Country– Connects Capitals– 2 Lane– Width – 7 to 15 m– Fast and Heavy Loaded traffic.

State Highway – – Connects Major Cities to NH– 2 lane or some times 1– Width – 7 to 10 m– Used for fast Traffic

Major District Road – –

- - Connecting District places to taluka, main cities, major Connecting District places to taluka, main cities, major

market places in citiesmarket places in cities - Width 5 to 8 m - Width 5 to 8 m - Use of Moderate Traffic - Use of Moderate Traffic

Village Roads - - Connects Village to taluka, village to nearest railway - Connects Village to taluka, village to nearest railway station, village to village… station, village to village… - EARTH ROAD or KUTCHA ROAD - EARTH ROAD or KUTCHA ROAD - Light and Slow moving Vehicles - Light and Slow moving Vehicles - (Bullock Cart Road) - (Bullock Cart Road)

Home Work --------Home Work --------

Write min 3 Examples of each Write min 3 Examples of each type of Roadways according to type of Roadways according to IRC… IRC…

Classification based on MaterialClassification based on Material

Classification based on MaterialClassification based on MaterialBituminous Road or TAR Road

– Tar is a Binding Material– Easily Repaired and Maintained– Due to Bitumen Layer Wearing surface is small– Life is Short

Concrete Road Concrete Road

- Wearing surface is Cement Concrete - Wearing surface is Cement Concrete - Rigid Pavement - Rigid Pavement - Life is High as strength is high. - Life is High as strength is high. - Difficult to repair and Maintain - Difficult to repair and Maintain - HIGH COST. - HIGH COST.

Water Bound Macadam Road - – Base Course of Bitumen or Concrete– Constructed with 2 to 3 layers of aggregates and soil

material– Normally provided on VILLAGE ROAD

Earth Road – – Earth material is main Constituent of the road – Kutcha road (Loacally available material)– Formed by trace passers or bullock carts….

HOME WORK…….HOME WORK…….

Any 6 Applications of TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING???

RAILWAYSRAILWAYSIt is also called as ‘ PERMAENT WAY’

Cross Section of Permanent Way.

Gauge: Gauge: -The Clear Distance between -The Clear Distance between the inner faces of Railsthe inner faces of Rails

Indian Railways are divided in 3 types based on Gauge

Broad Gauge - 1.676m

Meter Gauge - 1.000m

Narrow Gauge - 0.762m

I.R. divided in Different 8 Zones

1) Northern 5) Western

2) Central 6) North Eastern

3) Southern 7) South Central

4) Eastern 8) South Eastern

HOME WORK…..HOME WORK…..

1) Short Note on Construction of Permanent way?

2) Comparison between ROADWAYS and RAILWAYS…… (4 mrks)

Geotechnical OR Geotechnical OR Soil MechanicsSoil Mechanics Geotechnical engineering is

essential for a safe and secure structure.

Deals with SOIL Study Behavior of Soil under

applied LOAD TESTS –- Trials Pits- Plate Load Test

Application of Geotechnical Engg.Application of Geotechnical Engg.1) Properties of Soil

2) Classification of Soil

3) Bearing Capacity of Soil

4) Design of Earth Dam ------EG??????

5) Study of different SOIL STRATA

6) Capability of SUB- GRADE of road.

7) Design of FOUNDATION in any type of soil

8) Analyze the WATER SEEPAGE for Dams

Quantity SurveyingQuantity Surveying

Deals with measuring various Quantities and Probable cost of Construction.

CLASSICATION:-

EstimationEstimation – – To find/ Calculate the ‘approximate cost’ of Construction.

Valuation – Valuation – Determining the ‘PRESENT VALUE’ of existing property.

(HOME WORK…….)1)Difference between Estimation and Valuation (Min 5 Pts.) 2)Applications of Q.S ???? (6 pts.)

Fluid Mechanics or HydraulicsFluid Mechanics or Hydraulics Water management involves the

use of hydraulic principles to design: – Water Retaining Structures like DAMS,

Canals, Weirs, Water Tanks……– Hydraulic machines like CP, RP, Turbines

etc. – Gates of Dam, Valves to regulate water flow– Spillway– Ship/ Boat– Measure Velocity, viscosity, pressure,

discharge of flow……..

Def. FLUID ????Def. FLUID ????

Types of Fluid – •Ideal Fluid – No Viscosity, Surface Tension, and Incompressible (Imaginary Fluid)•Real Fluid – Having VISCOSITY

Classification –

HOME WORK……..HOME WORK……..

APPLICATIONS of Fluid Mechanics?????

Construction ManagementConstruction Management The job of a construction manager is

to:– Provide quality control and insure project is

completed on time .– Within budget.

4 M’s– Men– Money– Material– Machine

Constuction of Structure Divided in 2 parts

SUBSTRUCTURE SUPERSTRUCTURE

Applications..........Applications..........1) Use of Modern Techniques, Machinery for SAFE and SPEEDY work.

2) Use od Modern Material in Special Construction Work like DAMS and TUNNELS

3) Plan the project and decided the sequence

4) Control Labours

5) Economical

6) Good Quality of Work

Irrigation EngineeringIrrigation Engineering1) Process of Supplying Water for-Agriculture-Domestics-Industries

2) Construction of DAMs Reservoirs, Weirs….

3) Management of Water:- train the farmers for OPTIMUM use of Water.

4) Natural Source of Water

(HW) - Application of Irrigation Engg. ??????

EARTHQUAKE Engg.EARTHQUAKE Engg. Earthquake is a destructive and deadly natural

phenomenon. Deals with Seismic Zones and their effects on the

structure. “SHIFTING Of EARTH” – Design of Foundation Study of Load On Building – DYNAMIC Earthquake PROTECTION- 1) Compact Rectangular Plan

2) All Building Parts Tied Together

3) Parapet or any PROJECTION should not be more than 750 mm

4) Safe distance bet 2 structures

5) Provide Strong FOUNDATION resting on HARD STRATA.

• ROLE OF CIVIL ENGINEER IN DIFFERENT CONSTRUCTION WORKS…..

Role of C.E. in Const. of BUILDING

1) Planning and preparing a drawing and its approval

2) Preparation of Design

3) Estimating and Costing

4) Study of Foundation

5) Testing, Supervision and execution

6) Maintenance

Role of C.E. in Const. of DAM’s

1) Site Selection

2) Conduct various Surveys and Collection of Various Data

3) Study of Foundation

4) Study of Catchment Area

5) Reservoir Capacity

6) Selection of DAM

7) Structural and Hydraulic Design

8) Estimate

9) Testing Supervision Execution and maintenances

10) Socio Economic ROLE (Political and Social)

Role of C.E. in Const. of EXPRESS WAYs1) Planning and Surveying

2) Alignment of Road

3) Contour Plan

4) Design of Road and Pavement

5) Estimate of Road

6) Construction and testing of Express Way

7) Maintenance

Importance of Interdisciplinary Approach in Engg.