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1Civil and Environmental Engineering
Who is the Most Pleased Pedestrian ?
Liv Øvstedal
SINTEF Civil and Environmental Engineering
Roads and Transport
www.sintef.no
Eirin Olaussen Ryeng
NTNU The Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Department of Transport Engineering
www.ntnu.no
2Civil and Environmental Engineering
PROMPTNew means to PROMote Pedestrian Traffic in cities
VTT, Finland
Universita degli Studi Roma Tre, Italy
IBV, Switzerland
SINTEF, Norway
Universite de Liege, Belgium
Certu, France
New means DisseminationImplementation
Safety
ComfortComfort
Attractiveness
Accessibility
Intermodality
3Civil and Environmental Engineering
1092 on-street Interviews
European Pedestrians aged 8-90
22 interview sites in 16 cities
City centres and suburban areas
ItalieFrascatiL'AquilaModena
NorvègeLillehammer
Trondheim
FranceAmiensNantes
FinlandeHelsinki
JyväskyläKuopio
Myllypuro
BelgiqueAns
EupenLiège
SuisseGenèveSurseeZurich
4Civil and Environmental Engineering
The European Pedestrian
Regards Safety & security as most important Comfort & Air quality also as important Presence of other people as least important
88% appreciate walking (82% Switzerland -94% Finland)
17% went for a walk (11% France -21% Italy)
42% walked all the way (8% Switzerland -59% Italy)
5Civil and Environmental Engineering
Comfort interviews
On a scale from 1 to 7:
• How comfortable do you think it is to walk here just now?• Is the pavement surface plain and nice to walk on?• Do you find today’s weather comfortable for walking?
On a scale from 1 to 3: How important is this for you?
Very uncomfortable
Very comfortable
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3
Not important Very important
Dimensions
• thermal
• visual
• acoustic
• tactile
• air quality
• ease to move
• security
6Civil and Environmental Engineering
European Pedestrians
All pedestrians: 2 types, pedestrians seeking
ease & social pleasure security
Male pedestrians: 4 types, pedestrians seeking
ease & comfort social pleasure security nice traffic & street environment
7Civil and Environmental Engineering
Norwegian Pedestrian Typology
1 Pedestrian seeking air, space and light
An elderly lady on an evening walk
Important whether surroundings are open or narrow
Give highest mean comfort score
Found in Norway, Belgium, France, Italy and Switzerland.
8Civil and Environmental Engineering
Norwegian Pedestrian Typology
2 Pedestrian seeking security
A busy, middle-aged woman on a shopping trip
She likes to walk
Safety, noise, comfort and traffic conditions are important factors
Found in Norway, Belgium and France.
9Civil and Environmental Engineering
Norwegian Pedestrian Typology
3 Pedestrian seeking social pleasure
An elderly person shopping in the downtown area during daytime
Others, services, seating & street surface are regarded important
Found in Norway, France and Italy.
10Civil and Environmental Engineering
Norwegian Pedestrian Typology
4 Easy going Pedestrian
A younger person
The weather and to find the way easily are important
Give lowest mean comfort score
Found in Norway and Switzerland.
11Civil and Environmental Engineering
Main factors influencing comfort feeling
Individual Environment
ComfortAssessing
weather
Safe & secureAppealing
surroundings
Traffic conditions
Pavement conditions
12Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Pleased Pedestrian
enjoys walking
is not in a hurry
is going for a walk, walking a dog or bringing children
in residential areas
Minor differences between age groups gender countries
Highest mean comfort score given in Parco in L’Aquila, Italy.
13Civil and Environmental Engineering
Pedestrian feeling lower degree of comfort enjoys walking,
but find it bothersome
uses cane, rullator or wheelchair
is not familiar with the area
is in a hurry
is on a trip to or from work or work-related trip
Lowest mean comfort score given in Uptown Central Square, Eupen, Belgium.All factors affecting comfort were
regarded as more important among elderly people
14Civil and Environmental Engineering
Safe and secure most important !
highest correlation with comfort
street lighting is important
Gender: Men are
less worried about walking when dark
less confident in getting help when needed
Pedestrian streets streets with car traffic
presence of others more important in pedestrian streets
when dark, pedestrians feel safer in streets with car traffic
15Civil and Environmental Engineering
Conclusion
When planning for pedestrians we need to take into consideration
the different pedestrian types
by providing
universal design
parallel solutions and pedestrian routes
But above all:
A pleased pedestrian is a pedestrian feeling
safe and secure !
16Civil and Environmental Engineering
Dimensions describing the pedestrian environment Safety and security
Feeling safe when walking at the site, confident in walking alone at the site both in daylight and darkness, not afraid of whom to meet
Attractiveness Not too easy to get an overview, appealing surroundings, not unpleasant odours
Traffic conditions Pleasant sound level, pleasant and exiting sounds, no bothersome car traffic, fresh air
Social meeting places and pleasantness Easy to meet requirements for rest, food and toilet, enough places to sit down, protected from weather, smooth and nice pavement surface
Move efficiently Minimal differences in altitude, not too windy, feel free to choose your own speed, not too much presence of vegetation, nature and water
Physiological factors Not too high temperatures, not too hard/exhausting trip, not too dry air, not being blended of light
Dressing Not too little clothing, not too thin shoes
Space and light Not too narrow surroundings, not too dark
Comfort Comfortable weather for walking, comfort feeling
17Civil and Environmental Engineering
The importance of comfort factorsScale 1 – 3 (not important – very important)
Belgium Finland France Italy Norway SwitzerlandSafety/securityAirPlaces to sitMeet requirementsComfortLightOrientationPavement surfaceTraffic
Safety/securityAir
Safety/securityAirOrientationTrafficLightPlaces to sitMeet requirementsComfortPavement surface
Safety/securityComfortAirLightPavement surfaceOrientationMeet requirements
Safety/securityComfortAir
Safety/securityAir
Narrow/openSounds Weather Other people
ComfortOrientationNarrow/openLightSoundPavement surfaceMeet requirementsWeatherTraffic
Narrow/openWeatherSoundsOther people
TrafficPlaces to sitWeatherNarrow/openSoundsOther people
OrientationTrafficWeatherPavement surfaceMeet requirementsPlaces to sitSoundsLight
TrafficLightOrientationComfortWeatherMeet requirementsPlaces to sitSoundsPavement surface
Places to sitOther people
Narrow/openOther people
Narrow/openOther people
2,50
- 2
,92
2,00
- 2
,49
1,76
– 1
,99
18Civil and Environmental Engineering
What is comfort?
Comfort is a positive emotional reaction to external surroundings, both physiological, physical, social and psychological
Comfort is a cognitive comparison between actual objects or incidents and some point of reference
The feeling and degree of comfort is dependent of the surroundings, the situations and the individual
The feeling and degree of comfort is affected by the present emotional state, the expectations based on previous experience and the object of comparison
19Civil and Environmental Engineering
Children say (6 and 11 years)
This makes a walk pleasant
other people
no bothersome traffic
nice smooth and dry surface
nice weather
and the benefits of fresh air and exercise when walking.
They prefer
none or little car traffic, wide sidewalks and walkways, safe pedestrian crossings
sufficient street lighting
Some children say that: Not having to look out for cars make them comfortable when walking
