CIV Pro Test Outline

8/12/2019 CIV Pro Test Outline

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Civil Procedure Fall 2001Prof Armstrong Pete Glennon

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SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION :- Does Fed Court have jurisdiction- Fed Courts are Courts of Limited Jurisdiction

- !" Const Art ### $%2&'(- §1

o )udicial Po*er in one "u%reme Courto Congress can create +#nferior Courts,

- §2 )udicial Po*er over:o cases risin! under the Constitution $Federal uestion(o .et*een citi"ens of different st tes $diversit/(

Federal uestion )urisdiction:- Does the case arise under Fed a*- #s it reach of or an issue under la*- 3hat +gave rise, to this action

- 24 !"C- § 1##1 Federal uestion $%506(

o District Courts have original jurisdiction for cases risin! under theconstitution7 la*s7 8 treaties

#s there a Fed issueDoes it +give rise, to the litigation#f not7 is it im%ortant enough to federali9e $*ould "u% Ct *antto hear it(

Diversit/ )urisdiction:- Do the %arties have different +Domiciles,

- 24 !"C- § 1##2 Diversit/ 8 Amount $%506(

o 6&7000 or moreo A;D is et*een:

Citi9ens of different states

Citi9ens of different states 8 su jects of a foreign stateCiti9ens of different states 8 in *hich foreign states orciti9ens<su jects of that state are additional %artiesA foreign state as = against citi9ens of a state or different state

- 3ho is a citi9eno >ust have C?>P @ @ diversit/7 no same state on either side of vo est diversit/ *hen /ou file a case

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- 3hat is citi9enshi% $not /our residence(-if /ou are a citi9en of a state of *hich /ou are domiciled

domicile1( %resence in that state2( su jective intent to maBe that state /our home for the

foreseea le future5( onl/ have one domicile at a time'( /ou retain domicile until /ou affirmativel/ change it

- 3hat is citi9enshi% of Cor%orations Dual-Citi9enshi%o 3here #nco 3here Primar/ Place of .usiness is $;erve Center est(o ?r *here a large %ortion of their *orB is %erformed

he court can decide / *eight of evidence

- not incor%oratedo ooB at citi9enshi%s of general 8 senior %artnerso #e eamsters have mem ers in all &0 states

- 3hat a out a legal re%resentative of an estate7 incom%etent7 or minoro Citi9enshi% is that of the individual eing re%resented

;otes:- CanEt aggregate claims unless it is a joint claim- "tateEs have General "u ject >atter )urisdiction- >ust have com%lete diversit/

emoval )urisdiction:- can onl/ remove from "tate Court to a Fed Court

!"C 24 HH 1''17 1''I-1''4- § 1$$1 Actions for emoving $%521(

o all must agreeo can onl/ remove to Fed Court encom%assing "tate Courto onl/ if there is Fed "u ject >atter )urisdiction

if there is for one claim7• all claims ma/ e removed• Fed Ct could send "tate issues acB

o ;? removal if is from forum state

- § 1$$% Procedures for emoval $%525(o must file in Fed District Court for that area

Pursuant to ule 11

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Clear %lain statement of groundsCo%/ of all %rocess7 %leadings7 8 orders served on them

o >ust e filed *ithin 50 da/s of recei%t of service OR o 3ithin 50 da/s of summons if service is not reJuired

3hichever is shorter o >a/ file *ithin 50 da/s of service of amended %leadings if original

%leading *asnEt remova le@Kce%t ;? removal after 1 /ear of original case eing filed

o >ust file notice *ith "tate Court %rom%tl/ after

- § 1$$& Procedures After emoval $%525(o >a/ have to file all relevant "tate Court %a%erso Lave 50 da/s to motion for remand to "tate Court for an/ issue

? L@ than ">)o Case can e remanded at an/ time for lacB of ">)o #f = *ants to join an/ %art/ that *ould destro/ ">):

Court can den/ joinder ? Permit joinder and remand to "tate Court

o Case remanded is not a%%eala le unless:H 1''5 Civil ights Cases

- § 1$$' Process After emoval $%52'(o An/ not /et served or im%ro%erl/ ma/ e served at that timeo Does not de%rive ne* right to move for remand

- (RC) '1*c+ emoval Actions $%1&6(o e%leading is not necessar/ unless court directso #f has not ans*ered /et7 the/ have:

20 da/s from recei%t through service of initial %leading ? 20 da/s from service of summons from initial %leading ? & da/s after filing for removal

• 3hichever is ?;G@"o #f a %art/ has alread/ reJuested jur/ trial at "t Ct7 the/ donEt have to

asB againo #f the/ havenEt:

Petitioner has 10 da/s from filing for removal ;ot %etitioner has 10 da/s from service

o Failure to maBe demand as directed constitutes *aiver of trial / jur/

"u%%lemental )urisdiction- ?nl/ *orBs on claims alread/ in Fed Crt- @ach claim must meet H1551 or H15527 if not looB at H15I6- H15I6 allo*s Fed Crt to hear claims that donEt satisf/ the other t*o

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- § 1#%& "u%%lemental )urisdiction $%51&(o $a( #f Dist Crts have original jurisdiction over orig claim7 then the/

have "u%%lemental )urisdiction over all claims that are so related tooriginal claims

>ust derive from common nucleus of o%erative facts#ncludes claims from joinder or intervention of additional

%artieso $ ( #f claim is ased solel/ on 1552 $diversit/( then the Fed Crt shall

not have su%%lemental jurisdiction over claims / = $joinder issues(o $c( Fed Crt can decline "u%% )urisdiction if:

case raises a novel<com%leK issue for the "tateclaim su stantiall/ %redominates claim that crt has orig

jurisdiction over

Dist Crt has dismissed claim that the/ had original jurisdictionover @Kce%tional circumstances7 other com%elling reasons

SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION SUMMAR,-- Fed courts are courts of limited jurisdiction- ?nl/ claims entertained are:

o hose Arising from Fed a* (eder . /uestions §1##1o Cases *ith com%lete diversit/ and claiming 6&7000 Di0ersit

Amount §1##2o Claims that arise from the common nucleus of facts of a claim that

meets the %rior 2 reJuirements Su33.ement . §1#%&- can move to have case Remo0ed to Fed Court §§1$$14 1$$%51$$'6 (RC)

'1*c+

)ERSONAL JURISDICTION-- Does a court have %o*er over /ou

?rigins:- !" Const Art #M H1 $%2&'(

o Full faith and credit *ill e given from "tate to all other "tates

- Amd N#M $%2&O(o ;o "tate shall den/ an/ %erson of life7 li ert/7 or %ro%ert/ *ithout due

3rocess of . 7 7 not den/ eJual %rotection of the la*s

- F CP 12$ ($2( >otion to Dismiss $%55(o >otion to dismiss7 lacB of jurisdiction over the %erson

- F CP 12$g( Consolidation of Defenses in >otion $%5&(

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o #f /ou maBe a motion under ule 12 and leave out a defense7 then notallo*ed to maBe that defense later

- F CP 12$h( 3aiver of Preservation of Certain Defenses $%5&(o ou *aive /our right to > D for acB of Personal )urisdiction if:

ou omit it from a ule 12 motionDonEt maBe a motion under 12

;or include it in a res%onsive %leading or amendment

>odern Formulations:

- F CP '$B($1( erritorial imits of @ffective "ervice $%14(o "erving a summons is effective for esta lishing jurisdiction over the

%erson of 3ho is su ject to jurisdiction in "tate Court3ithin 100 miles from %lace of issue $Crt(

5 t/%es of claims for Personal )urisdiction:- #n Personam himself - #n em Es %ro%ert/ at issue- uasi #n em Es %ro%ert/7 not the issue

- #n Personam:o raditionall/ the "tateEs %o*er over an/ individual *ithin itEs orderso

Court can order to %a/ damages7 act7 or refrain from actingo An/ Crt order is %ersonall/ indingo An/ court order is enforcea le in the other "tates due to full faith 8

creditQ Art #M H1

- #n em:o "tate has Po*er over the %ro%ert/ *ithin its orderso An/ dis%ute over %ro%ert/ *ithin "tate gives "tate Po*er over o raditionall/7 if /ou o*n %ro%ert/ in the "tate7 /ou are al*a/s

considered to e %resent in the "tatehus7 constructive notice in a local %a%er *as sufficient

;o longer the caseo our %ro%ert/ needs to e +attached, to the claim in the eginningo oda/7 service can e %resented to an agent of 7 *ho must e

assigned

- uasi #n em:o "ame as a ove7 eKce%t dis%ute is not over %ro%ert/7 ut /ou can use

%ro%ert/7 and onl/ that %ro%ert/ to satisf/ an/ judgment

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o arel/ used an/more>inimum contacts rules a%%l/ no*oda/7 need more than docBing<storing oat in "tate

- ?riginall/:o A forum "tate has P) over a if:

he is %h/sicall/ 3resent in the "tateconsents

Pro%ernotice is served on

- Presence:o #f %resent in the "tate for an/ reason

@Kce%t:• if %resent for judicial %roceedings or enroute to• ? %resence is induced / fraud or force

o domicile in "tateDomicile: *here the %erson maintains %ermanent home@ven if residence is else*here

• o include living overseas

- Consent:o @K%ress consent7 efore or after %roceedings egin

./ contract

./ a%%t of agent / contract•

"tate can reJuire thiso #m%lied Consent./ statute

• #e 7 traffic violationso Moluntar/ a%%earance

Contesting the case *ithout *<out challenging P)"%ecial A%%earance is allo*ed to challenge P)

o Choice of a* ClauseCan %ut in *riting that %art/ reserves right to address an/ legalissues in their %referred forum

- ;otice: addressed later

Added:

o "tatutes: Forum "tateEs Lon!5Arm St tuteo >inimum Contactso "%ecific )urisdiction

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o General )urisdictiono Fair Pla/ 8 "u stantial )ustice

- ong-Arm "tatutes:o "tate "tatutes that eKtend their courts jurisdiction

Full Po*er:• "ome states7 ie California• @Ktend jurisdiction as far as !" Const allo*s

o #s the jurisdiction constitutional"%ecific Acts:

• imits jurisdiction to less than Const allo*so ransaction of usinesso ?*nershi%7 use7 or %ossession of %ro%ert/o >aintenance of marital domicileo Commission of tortuous acts *ithin state $as

alleged(o )ust a fe* eKam%leso >ust asB if acts fall *ithin the terms of the

statute

- >inimum Contacts:o Pur%oseful Availment

Moluntar/ action to form relationshi% *ith forum "tate• Did seeB to enefit from a relationshi% *ith the

forum "tateForeseea lit/ alone is not sufficient

• #s Es conduct and connection *ith Forum "tate suchthat he *ould reasona l/ antici%ate eing haled intocourt

o "tream of Commerce#f %laced %roducts into the stream of commerce *ith theeK%ectation that the/Ed e %urchased / consumers in theforum "tate

o Contacts must e sufficient for jurisdiction

- "%ecific )urisdictiono Po*er over for a s%ecific C?A arising out of contacts *ith Forum

"tateo "ingle 8 #solated

- General )urisdictiono Po*er over for an/ C?Ao Continuous 8 "/stematic

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- Fair Pla/ 8 "u stantial )usticeo Along *ith contacts7 consideration of =Es interests is %ro%er o Factors for consideration:

"tateEs interest in %roviding forum for ="tateEs interest in regulating activit/ involved.urden of defense on elative urden of %rosecution else*here for =Es activit/ in forum continuous 8 s/stematic#s claim related to Es local activitiesAvoidance of multi%licit/ of suits 8 conflicting adjudications

o Did %ur%osel/ direct his activities at forum residents

SUMMAR, O( )ERSONAL JURISDICTION-- Fed Courts follo* "tateEs %ersonal jurisdiction factors- Due Process Clause of !" Const a%%lies Art #M H1Q N#M Amd- #f /ou donEt raise the issue7 /ou *aive it F CP ' 8 12- P) factors are:

o Presenceo Consento ;oticeo >inimum contacts related to C?A

"%ecific 8 General )urisdictiono ong-Arm "tatuteso Fair Pla/ 8 "u stantial )ustice

NOTICE-- %art/ must e a*are of legal action

- F CP 5 Commencement of Action $%1'(o A Fed civil action is commenced / filing a c<o *ith the court

"? sto%s running7 see '$m(De%ends on "tate7 could e *hen served

• ; "? sto%s running

- F CP ' "ummons $%1'(o >ust e signed and sealedo "erved / 14 or older *ho is not a %art/o Dut/ to *aive service to save costs

;ot allo*ed for infants7 incom%etents7 or !" Govt50 da/s to return *aiver from date of reJuest

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#f /ou donEt *aiver7 /ou %a/ costs of service#f /ou do *aiver7 /ou donEt have to ans*er for I0 da/s

• ;ormall/ 20 da/s!se form 1A 8 1. $%1II(

o hose *ho donEt *aive7 service ma/ e made *ithin a judicial district /:

Landing it to them1st class maileaving it *ith a %erson of suita le age and discretion at theird*elling7 home7 or normal a ode"erving and assigned agent7 / a%%t or la*

o "ervice for those in a Foreign countr/:./ internationall/ agreed methods liBe the Lague Convention./ the foreign countr/Es la*s

As directed / foreign authorities#f allo*ed7 %ersonal serviceAn/ form of mail *hich reJuires a signed recei%t

o "ervice must al*a/s e reasona l/ calculated to give noticeo #f service is not made *<in 120 da/s of filing c<o7 the action can e

dismissed / motion or Crt directed#f = sho*s good cause7 the court can eKtend the time for ana%%ro%riate %eriod

o "ervice of summons can esta lish jurisdiction over can still challenge P)

o

#f /ou canEt reasona l/ o tain P) over / service of summons7 thecourt ma/ assert jurisdiction over Es assets found *ithin the district / sei9ing them

- F CP 12$ ($'( Defenses and ? jections $%55(o !nless directed / court7 service of motions %ermitted under this rule

alters time %eriods /:#f Crt denies the motion or %ost%ones it7 the res%onsive

%leading shall e served *ithin 10 da/s after notice of thecourtEs action#f the Crt grants a motion for a more definite statement7 the

res%onsive %leading shall e served *ithin 10 da/s after theservice of the more definite statement

;? @":- ;otice must e that that is reasona l/ eK%ected to inform - Follo* ule '

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_______________________________________________________________________ _ SUMMAR, (OR NOTICE-

- ;otice must e reasona l/ eK%ected to inform of actiono DonEt *ant default judgments

- >ust *aive service7 or /ou %a/ for ito @Kce%t incom%etents7 infants7 8 !" Govt

hese canEt default- >ust follo* ule '

8ENUE-- 3hich court do /ou ring action in- 3hich Fed Court- Purel/ statutor/

- §1#91 Menue Generall/ $%51&(o action ma/ e rought:

an/ district resides7 if all reside in the same statea district *here a su stantial %art of events tooB %lacea district *here a su stantial %art of %ro%ert/ that is su ject ofthe action is situatedif ased "? @ on diversit/:

• a district *here a is su ject to P) at the time theaction is commenced7 if there is no other district *herethe action can e rought

if ;? ased solel/ on diversit/:•

a district *here an/ can e found if there is no otherdistrict *here it can e rought

o a cor%oration is deemed to reside in an/ district that has P) over it atthe time the action is commenced

if there are more than one district in the state7 use minimumcontacts rules to determine P)7 as if in another "tateif there is no such district7 then it resides in the district *ithin*hich it has the most significant contacts

o An Alien can e sued in an/ districto Fed Govt7 meet the criteria a oveo Foreign "tate can e rought into an/ district meeting criteria a ove or

the Fed District in 3ashington DC

- §1#92 or Pro%ert/ in Different Districts in "ame "tate $%516(o or %ro%ert/ located in different districts in same state can ring

action in an/ of such districts

- § 1$:$ Change of Menue $%514(

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o For convenience7 interests of justice7 case ma/ e transferred to an/district *here it ma/ have een rought7 consent of %arties

For matters #n em rought / !" Govt7 the/ donEt have toconsent

- §1$:% Cure or 3aiver of Defects $%514(o An/ case rought in the *rong district can e:

Dismissed ? #n the interest of justice transferred to %ro%er district

o ;othing im%airs districts jurisdiction if %art/ doesnEt o ject

- §1%#1 ransfer to Cure 3ant of )urisdiction $%52&(o #f the court finds there is a *ant of jurisdiction7 the/ ma/ transfer it to

the %ro%er district *here it could have een rought

For an/ action or a%%eal- F CP 12$ ($5( Defenses and ? jections $%55(

o > D for im%ro%er venue#f not rought *ith others7 /ou lose the right to assert it

;? @":- Menue comes from "tat %rovisions7 not constit ones- #f /ou use ong Arm "tat7 still must meet min contacts rule- ransfer or Change:

o @ver/ state has a s/stemo Cannot transfer state to state

?nl/ *ithin Fed s/stemo Can transfer for convenience<justice or if rought in *rong forum

- Forum ;on-Convenienso Allo*s %ro%er court to dismiss <c there is a etter courto = can re-file thereo A%%lies *hen /ou canEt transfer ecause %ro%er court is in different

s/stem

SUMMAR, (OR 8ENUE-- Action can e rought:

o #n Es home districto 3here the su stantial %art of the action occurredo #f all in same state7 an/ district that an/one or an/thing is ino Can transfer district for:

Convenience)ustice#m%ro%er venue

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Forum ;on-Convenienso Can dismiss for im%ro%er venue

JOINDER-- )oinder of Claims- )oinder of Parties

- )oinder of Claims:

)oinder:

- F CP 14 )oinder of Claims and emedies $%'4(o For =7 as man/ as he *antso Part/ >A join as man/ claims as the %art/ has against an o%%osing

%art/For original claims7 counterclaims7 cross-claims7 or 5 rd %art/claims

o = can join t*o claims *here the second is de%endant on the outcomeof the first

o ule '2 could se%arate claims

- F CP '2 ConsolidationQ "e%arate rials $%104(o 3hen actions involve a common Jues of la* or fact7 the court can

consolidate them in the name of convenience7 costs7 etco Court can order se%arate trial of an/ claim7 cross-claim7 counterclaim7

or 5rd

%art/ claimsQ %reserving right to jur/ trial- F CP &' $ ( )udgment u%on >ulti%le claims or involving multi%le %arties

$%124(o Court ma/ direct final judgment of one or more7 ut fe*er than all7

claims if there is no just reason for dela/ing it

Counterclaims:- F CP 15 Counterclaim 8 Cross-Claim $%5I(

o For o Com%ulsor/ Counterclaims

#f there is a claim that arises out of the sametransaction<occurrence that is the su ject matter of the originalclaim 8 /ou donEt need a 5 rd %art/ *ho the court doesnEt have

jurisdiction over7 then /ou >!" ring itDonEt have to if:

• Claim *as alread/ su ject of another %ending action

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• ?%%osing %art/ rought claim / attachment or other %rocess that the court canEt render %ersonal judgment on8 the %leader is not stating an/ counterclaim under 15

o Permissive Counterclaims:ou >A ring a claim that doesnEt arise out of sameoccurrence if it has itEs o*n jurisdiction

o ?mission of Counterclaim:#f /ou fail to state counter claim due to:

• ?versight• #nadvertence• @Kcusa le neglect• #f )ustice reJuires

hen the court can allo* /ou to set u% counterclaim /amendment

Cross-Claims:- F CP 15$g( Cross-Claim Against Co-%art/ $%56(

o >a/ Cross-Claim against co-%art/ if claim arises out of sameoccurrence and is %art of the su ject matter of the original action or acounterclaim of7 or relating to an/ %ro%ert/ that is su ject matter oforiginal action

o >a/ include claim of indemnit/#f #Em lia le for original action7 then co-%art/ is lia le to me forit

;? @:- if claim is ased on Diversit/ onl/7 = can aggregate claims to reach 6&7000

minimum- *ith multi%le %arties7 it is onl/ necessar/ for all %arties involved to e

associated *ith one claim- %ermits the adjudication of all claims et*een the %arties and all claims

arising out of a single transaction- ule 14 %ermits joinder7 does not com%el it

- )oinder of Parties:

#m%leader:- F CP 1' hird Part/ Practice $%54(

o can im%lead $ ring in( a 5 rd %art/ to the action if the %art/ is or ma/ e lia le to for the original claim $indemnit/(

ou have 10 da/s after serving original ans*er to maBe theservice to 5 rd %art/After 10 da/s7 must maBe motion for leave

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o 5rd %art/ has all rights and %rivileges as orig to*ards orig =can even ring in additional +5 rd, %arties

o = can ring in 5 rd %arties ased on a counterclaim from

Permissive )oinder:- F CP 20 Permissive )oinder of Parties $%&2(

o All %ersons ma/ join in one action as = if the/ are claiming relief jointl/7 severall/7 or in the alternative ased on the same occurrence orif a Juestion of la* or fact is the same

o All %ersons ma/ e joined as if a claim is asserted against them jointl/7 severall/7 or in the alternative ased on the same occurrence orJuestion of la* or fact

o or = need not e interested in o taining or defending against all therelief demanded

o he court ma/ se%arate the claims for se%arate trials

- F CP 21 >isjoinder 8 ;on )oinder of Parties $%&5(o >isjoinder of a %art/ is not grounds for dismissalo Parties can e added or dro%%ed at an/ time

./ motion of an/ %art/

./ order of courto An/ claim ma/ e severed and tried se%aratel/

Com%ulsor/ )oinder:- F CP 12$ ($6( Defenses 8 ? jections $%55(

o > D for failure to join a %art/ under rule 1O

- F CP 1O )oinder of Persons ;eeded for )ust Adjudication $%'O(o A Person su ject to service and *hose joinder *ill not de%rive the

court of jurisdiction over the su ject matter "LA e joined if:Com%lete relief cannot e accorded due to their a sencehe %erson claims an interest relating to the su ject of theaction and is so situated that the dis%osition of the action intheir a sence ma/

• #m%air the %ersonEs a ilit/ to %rotect that interest ? • eave %arties involved su ject to a su stantial risB of

incurring dou le7 multi%le7 or other*ise inconsistento ligations / reason of the claimed interest

o #f the %erson is not joined7 the court shall order that %erson e made a %art/

Can e a =7 a or an involuntar/ =o #f the %art/ o jects to venue and joinder of that %art/ *ould render the

venue im%ro%er7 that %art/ *ill e dismissed

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o #f it is not feasi le for the %art/ to join7 the court can decide if it should %roceed or dismiss using these factors:

3ould the judgment e %rejudicial to that %erson or other %artiesCould the judgment e lessened or avoided3ould the judgment e adeJuate3ould the = have an adeJuate remed/ if action is dismissedfor non-joinder

o Claim must state %eo%le that are not joined and *h/o here are eKce%tions for class actions

#ntervention:- F CP 2' #ntervention $%I1(

o An/ %art/ *ith an interest in the claim ma/ intervene7 unless:

heir interests are adeJuatel/ re%resentedCourt feel that adding them *ould undul/ dela/ or %rejudicethe rights of current %arties

#nter%leader:- his allo*s a %erson suffering conflicting claims of assertion of rights over a

%ro%ert/ or de t7 to force them to hash out *ho has the right- Can de%osit %ro%ert/<de t *ith court and *alB a*a/7 unless the/ assert claim

to it as *ell- here is "tatutor/ #nter%leader and ule 22 #nter%leader

Federal #nter%leader Act: "tatutor/ #nter%leader

- H 155& #nter%leader $%50O(o District courts have original jurisdiction over inter%leader actions of

&00 or more if:there are 2 or more adverse claimants *ith diversit/ citi9enshi%A;Dthe %art/ de%osits the assets *ith the court

o Action ma/ e entertained even if the claims do not have a commonorigin7 or are adverse and inde%endent of one another

- H15O6 #nter%leader $%51I(o #nter%leader action ma/ e rought in the judicial district in *hich one

or more of the claimants reside

- H25I1 Process 8 Procedure for #nter%leader Actions $%5I1(o District court ma/ issue %rocess for all claimants to e served / !"

>arshals to restrain them from %rosecution %roceedings in an/ court inthe !"

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ule 22 #nter%leader - F CP 22 #nter%leader $%&5(

o estates HH 155&715O6725I1o >a/ inter%lead / cross claim or counterclaimo "u%%lements7 does not limit or su%ersede the HH

D#FF@ @;C@" .@ 3@@; " A ! ? A;D ! @ #; @ P @AD@ :"tatutor/: ule:

Diversit/ minimal com%leteMalue &00 6&7000"ervice ;ation*ide ule ' %roceduresMenue res of 1 or more claimants res of an/ claimant

Class Actions:- F CP 25 Class Actions $%&'(

o ?ne or more mem ers of a class ma/ sue or e sued as re%resentative %arties on ehalf of all onl/ if:

Class so large that joinder is im%racta le $;umerous(uestions of la* or fact in common $Commonalit/(he claims or defenses of the re%resentative %arties are t/%icalof the claims or defenses of the class $ /%icalit/(he re%s *ill fairl/ and adeJuatel/ %rotect the interests of theclass $AdeJuac/ of re%s and attorne/(

o he action must meet an/ of the follo*ing factors:

"e%arate actions could risk inconsistent results has acted on grounds a%%lica le to the class and injunctive ordeclaratory relief is appropriate for the class as a *hole $ie7civil rights actions(Common questions of law or fact to the class members that

predominate over individual issues7 and class action is su%eriorto alternative methods

o Court must determine if it should certif/ class action / considering:#nterest of individual control@Ktent and nature of litigation of same to%ic else*hereDesira ilit/ of *hole %acBage in courtDifficulties in managing the class action

o All mem ers *ill e ound / judgment unless it is a commonJuestion class action

hen7 onl/ 25$ ($5( classes can +o%t out,o ;otice to all mem ers is onl/ reJuired in +common Juestion, suites7

so the/ can o%t out ;otice in other class actions is at the courts discretion

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o )urisdictionDiversit/ onl/ the citi9enshi% of the named re%s counts toesta lish diversit/Amount can onl/ e aggregated *hen the claims are joint orcommon

• "ome sa/ re%s min is 6&B • ?thers sa/ each must eR courts are s%lit• here is ;? Amount in controvers/ reJt if the claim is

Federal uestion )urisdictiono Court must a%%rove an/ dismissal or settlement

>ust meet 25$a( 8 $ ( efore the/ can settleo CourtEs order granting or den/ing certification is ;? a final

judgment and CA; e a%%ealed<revie*ed

)LEADIN;S-

- "tating a Claim- F CP 6$c( Pleadings Allo*edQ Form of >otions $%2&(

o CanEt use demurrers7 %leas7 or eKce%tions for insufficienc/ of %leading

- F CP 4$a( General ules of Pleading Q Claims for elief $%2I(o A %leading must contain:

A short statement of the grounds of the courtEs jurisdictionA short statement of the claim sho*ing that the %leader isentitled to relief A demand for judgment for relief7 *hich ma/ e in thealternative

- F CP 4$e( Pleading to e concise and directQ consistenc/o @ach averment $allegation( shall e sim%le7 concise7 and direct

;othing technical is reJuiredo >a/ maBe as man/ claims as *ants

egardless of consistenc/Can e made in the alternative or h/%othetical#f one is found to e insufficient7 that doesnEt maBe the

%leading insufficient

- F CP 4$f( Construction of %leadingso All %leadings shall e construed to do su stantial justice

- F CP O Pleading "%ecial >atters $%26(o Ca%acit/ ca%acit/ or authorit/ to sue need not e alleged

16




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o Fraud or >istaBe circumstances that esta lish fraud or mistaBe must e stated *ith %articularit/

o >alice malice7 intent7 Bno*ledge7 or other mind conditions ma/ eaverred generall/

o Conditions of Precedent %erformance of conditions %recedent ma/ e averred generall/ Denial of %erformance or occurrence must emade s%ecificall/ and %articularl/

o ?fficial Document or Act if dealing *ith7 it is sufficient to aver thatit *as issued or the act *as in com%liance *ith the act

o )udgment not necessar/ to aver jurisdiction *hen a court renders a judgment

o iming time and %lace averments are material for the %ur%ose oftesting the sufficienc/ of a %leading

o "%ecial Damages @lements of s%ecial damages must e s%ecificall/stated

- F CP 10 Form of Pleadings $%24(o >ust have heading as *ritten7 court7 names7 etco All %aragra%hs must e num ered

- F CP 12$ ($I(o > D failure to state a claim u%on *hich relief can e granted

@thical imitations:- F CP 11 "ignings of Pleadings7 >otionsQ e%resentations to CourtQ"anctions

o

@ver/ %a%er *ill e signed / at least one attorne/ of recordo #n Fed Crt7 a*/er7 / %resenting7 certifies the information %resented

and elief formed after inJuir/ reasona le to the est of hisBno*ledge:

#t is not im%ro%er %ur%oseQ ie LarassmentArguments are *arranted / eKisting la*7 nonfrivolous formodification of7 or the esta lishment of ne* la*Allegations have or *ill have after discover/<investigation7evidence to su%%ort themDenials of factual contentions are *arranted on the evidencePa%ers ecome sanctiona le if attorne/ argues their %oints afterdiscovering the/ lacB merit

o "anctionsCourt can sanction for monetar/ and non-monetar/ damages7+limited to *hat is sufficient to deter re%etition of suchconduct,Can e initiated / the court or / motion of the other %art/

14




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• CourtEs initiative Attorne/ must eK%lain and sho*reason *h/ there shouldnEt e sanctions

• Part/Es motion %art/ must *ithdra* or correct alleged*rong *ithin 21 da/s or %art/ ma/ move for motion forsanctions

es%onding to the >otion:Pre-Ans*er >otion:

- F CP 12 Defenseso Prior to filing ans*er7 %art/ ma/ file a motion for an/ of the defenses

listed in rule 12o easons 2-& must e raised at time of motion or ans*er7 or he loses

outacB of ">) can e raised at an/ time

Failure to state a claim 8 failure to join a %art/ can e roughtan/ time %rior to trial or at trialo 12$e( >otion for more Definite statement

if c<o is so vague or am iguous %art/ has 10 da/s to re%l/

o 12$f( >otion to striBe efore res%onding7 /ou have 20 da/s after service to move tostriBe:

• an/ insufficient defense• an/ redundant matter • immaterial• im%ertinent• scandalous matter

Ans*er:- F CP 12$a(

o shall serve an ans*er 20 da/s after service ? o I0 da/s if *aived service ? o O0 da/s if served outside the countr/o if a rule 12 is made:

10 da/s for res%onsive %leading if court denies10 da/s of service for more def statement

Denials:- F CP 4$ ( Denials

o Ans*er must contain s%ecific denials of each averment or a generaldenial *ith s%ecific admissions

o #f there is not enough info to forma elief7 a statement to that effectcounts as a denial

o Failure to den/ constitutes admission

1O




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- F CP 4$c( General ules of Pleading Q Affirmative Defenses $%2I(o #n Pleading to a %receding %leading7 /ou must mention an/<all

affirmative defenses#f /ou mistaBenl/ maBe it a counterclaim or vice versa7 thecourt *ill e nice to /ou

o >ust state an/ affirmative defenses"?"tat of Fraudses )udicata7 etc

e%lies:- F CP 6$a( Pleadings

o A re%l/ / the = is onl/ reJuired *hen there is a counterclaim

20 da/s to re%l/o = doesnEt have to re%l/ to an affirmative defense

Amendments:- F CP 1& Amended and "u%%lemental Pleadings $%5O(

o Can onl/ amend once %rior to res%onsive %leading or *ithin 20 da/s ofservice

After that7 *ritten consent of %art/ or court grant motiono >a/ amend %leading during or after trial or judgment to conform to

the evidence or reflect an issue triedo Amendments must satisf/ due %rocesso "u%%lemental %leadings reJuire %ermission of the court and relate to

matters occurring after the date of the original %leading

DISCO8ER,-- F CP 2I Discover/ $%I&(

o 5 t/%es of disclosureinitialeK%ert testimon/

%retrialo #nitial

;ames7 etc7 of %eo%le liBel/ to have discovera le infoCo%ies of documents that su%%ort o%%onents claims or defensesCom%utation of damages claimed and *hat its ased onCo%ied of insurance agreementshis must e made 1' da/s after the meeting of the %arties inrule 2I$f("ome eKce%tions a%%l/

20




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o @K%ert estimon/#D *itness"igned statement of credentials?%inions to e offered and asis ofO0 da/s %rior to trial

o Pretrial50 da/s %rior to trial:

• list of *itnesses• list of de%ositions• list of documents<eKhi its

o 1' da/s to o ject to an/ of this

- F CP 50 De%ositions $%4'(- F CP 52 !se of De%s in court %roceedings $%O1(

- F CP 55 #nterrogatories $%O5(- F CP 5' Production of Documents $%O6(- F CP 5& Ph/sical 8 >ental @vals $%O4(- F CP 5I eJuest for Admission $%OO(- F CP 56 Failure to maBe or coo%erate *ith discover/ $%101(- F CP '& "u %oena $%111(

A eJuired disclosure- rule 2Iaist 5 stages of litigation /ou have to give info

. Discover/ ools

& tools- all can e used to get info from a %art/1( De%osition- /ou can taBe one from non-%art/< use su %oena2( #nterrogatories- no non-%art/5( eJuests to %roduce- can e used / non-%art/< use su %oena'( Ph/sical or mental eKam- onl/ availa le against %art/ or

"omeone in %artiesE control ->ust e court ordered to avoid eing a ool of harassment

&( eJuests for admission- no non-%art/"co%e of discover/SSSSS

3hat do /ou get- ou can discover an/thing relevant- An/thing reasona l/ calculated to lead to admissi le evidence- Las limits< has to e relevant- ou cannot discover %rivileged material- CanEt discover *orB %roduct- rule 2I $trial %re% materials(

3hat is *orB %roduct->aterial generated in antici%ation of litigation- here to %rotect from free loaders

21




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-@ver/one has to do there o*n *orB 3orB %roduct does not have to e generated / a la*/er

@Kce%tion: can discover *orB %roduct if 1( "u stantial need2( ;ot other*ise availa le

.u99 %hrase: /ou can never get mental im%ressions7 legal theories7 conclusions or?%inions

SUMMAR, JUD;MENT-- F CP &I "ummar/ )udgment $%152(

o "tandard must grant >") if there is no genuine issue of material fact as amatter of la*

o #f there are dis%uted facts7 it must go to a jur/o A%%lica le to all civil actions and ever/ od/7 ever/ claimo Claimant can move at an/time after 20 da/s

o Defending %art/ can at an/timeo >") can e %artialo >otion ma/ e su%%orted / discover/ materialso Denial of a >") is generall/ not a%%eala le

TRIALS-- ight to )ur/ rial

- !" Const Ammd M## $%2&6(- ight to jur/ trial and no Juestion of fact from trial ma/ e revie*ed

- F CP 54 )ur/ rial $%10I(- >ust maBe *ritten demand *ithin 10 da/s- Failure to constitutes *aiver

- Court can order one if failure *as accidental or if t/%e of issue isgenerall/ tried

- F CP '4 ;um er of )urors $%11I(- ;o fe*er than I7 no more than 12

)ur/ "election:- HH 14I1-1460 $%% 55&-5'&(

- F CP '6 "election of )urors $%11I(- @ach %art/ allo*ed 5 %reem%tor/ challenges

)ur/ rials:- F CP 'O "%ecial Merdicts 8 #nterrogatories $%116(

22




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- F CP &0 )udgment as matter of la*7 ne* trial $%114(- F CP &1 )ur/ #nstructions $%122(

imits on )uries:-

ERIE DOCTRINE-- H 1I&2 "tate ules a%%l/ in Fed Crt $%52&(- H 2062 ules of Procedure $%5&'(

- "u% Crt can issue rules

JUD;MENTS-

- Finalit/:- H 12O1 Final decisions of District Courts $%502(- H 12O2 #nterlocutor/ Decisions $A%%eals( $%505(

- Claim Preclusion< es )udicata

- F CP '1$ ( #nvoluntar/ Dismissal $%104(- Dismissal under this section is an adjudication ased on the merits

- #ssue Preclusion<Collateral @sto%%el:N### @" )!D#CA A 8 C? A @ A @" ?PP@

$Preclusion doctrines(- Al*a/s a stor/ of 2 cases

Case 1 is over Case 2- does judgment from case 1 %reclude us from litigating something in

Case 2A es )udicata $Claim Preclusion(

->eans /ou get 1 la*suit to vindicate a cause of action or a claim5 ste%s

1( Case 1 8 2 must e rought / same P against same D2( Case 1 ended in a valid judgment on the merits- A default judgment can e on the merits- @ver/thing is on merits unless the/ are ased on venue7 jurisdiction7 or

indis%ensa le %arties5( .oth cases must involve same claim or cause of action

L/%o- car accident-- uc/ 8 @thelT1 $P( @ $D( for %ersonal injur/ T2 $P( @ $D( for %ro%ert/

1( .oth are rought / same P and D2( T1 valid judgment on merits5( "%lit- majorit/ @" < minorit/ ;?

25




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"ame transaction< a rightSSS ooB for com%ulsor/ counter-claimsSSS>erger- P *on case T1.ar- P lost case T1

C Collateral @sto%%el $issue %reclusion( ;arro*- focuses on an issue that *as litigated in first case

-#f it a%%lies /ou cannot litigate that issue7 it is esta lished& ste%s

1( Case 1 ended in valid final judgment on merits2( same issue *as litigated 8 determined in case T15( the issue *as essential to judgment in case T1 $ usuall/ clear ('( against *hom is collateral @sto%%el used

?nl/ against someone *ho *as a %art/ in case T1&( 3ho uses collateral @sto%%el

- / some od/ *ho *as a %art/ in case T1

non-mutual collateral @sto%%el- someone *ho *asnEt n case T1non-mutual defensive collateral @sto%%el- a %ersona *ho *asnEt in case T1 is no* a

defendanth/%o

T1 A .U . *insT2 A C - no res judicata< different %arties

-collateral @sto%%el< valid judgment-alread/ determined<-decision essential

-against someone in T1>ost courts sa/ it ? if A had full chance to litigate in 1 st case

L/%o: non-mutual offensive collateral esto%%el ;o res judicata< different %arties T1 A .U . *ins

T2 C Acollateral esto%%el< a( valid judgment

(alread/ determineda( essential decision

( against someone in T1c( used not / someone in T1

>ost courts *ould sa/ ;?< >a/ e ? if it is fair

' factors to looB for fairness1( A had full chance to litigate T12( A could foresee multi%le suits5( C could not have joined easil/ in 1 st case'( ;o inconsistent judgments