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Anthracite-Carrying Railroadsto Present Their Side in
Next Few Weeks.
TRANSPORTATION SECRETSSHOWN IN 50 EXHIBITS
Allowances Between Parent and Sub¬
sidiary and Other Friendly Com¬
panies Are Brought Out.
PHII.fADET.PHIA. Pa., Januarv 17"tYlth the introduction into the record of*rMit masses of figures contain*-.) in ahalf hundred exhibits shewing the cos;Of hauling, the interstate commerce com¬mission h, re today closed its side of the<ase in the investigation of the rates,practices, rules and regulations govern¬ing the transportation of anthracite coal.he defense, which inchuUs all the an-
thracite coal-carrying railroads and in¬volves the so-called railroad coal com¬panies. will present its side of the cas-in the course of the next few week-- inXew York, after which the interstatecommerce commission Kill decide wlieth-
m' °0?' frt:*ht rates t,. tidewaterand ali points outside of Pennsylvaniaare reasonable or excessive The ex¬hibits were tiled by K. !.' Morgan, ac¬countant for til" .ornmUsion. who had
figuresassembling and compiling the [
In the exhibits introduced, with refer-t!LC', "I'eratlons of tlie- CentralRailroad lornpai.y of X. u j, -sev. it was
from"the u-"f transportation
r°m the \\ wining region ..f Pennsvl-York tideuater was
«f*t. r"" a haul"".'r: J his included Ille as-
o-nts p^ miles. 1 in:* iuciuue«i the as-
unr«,LrOSi' Iine l,au!- ten,lina' costsl r^tur" empty rars. Th»- freight
v? from thi: Wyoming region t.> New?1 40 r,.', OI" ls
,>" "" rrepar.-d siz.-s
2 t iitoal and ar:'' ll -."> onsmallei sizes. From th»- r.thTcMt S!flith- i^'i8hT;gion
! ,l> cents on a I.aul of
miles, while the fre'ght rates are
The exhihitaS hfr°n' tl!e Wyoming fields,ne txhibit* showed that the average net
milf"Ue "er t0n Per mile sS-mJersey Central Made Allowances.I he exhibits also showed that the
t.-rn,,ra' ma'1e al,owances to the
of «r#2 s^' ,- ""I' Navieation CompanyElijah*,* r handli»S coal over thebor
port pier in .New York har-These allowances, counsel for the
i>ear in'th SiUd; .1" not "Peclflcallv ap-l «*r 111 the published tariff rut** 1,was also stated these allowances haveen discontinued. The Jeriv
also made between 11.10 and l'si M?ter-al allowances amounting: to «7~i -">7 o'<8b.'° lines be-mines inS ,X"-' uri f-°al Company'sThfejhihit, J*.KSey Centrals tracks,ine exhibits further showed that the
cents a for'1"".1 nlad< refunds of ift'-iV. lo-" *° the Lehigh Coil i).,T
and''Wnres-B°a.rTcoard<-thC ''Pl"eh
shipments to the Yew iZv"'".. 0"
troZ^foVo %?ra- -fu^SS !
fr.SnUmoC r^ha.Vdl.n^?
Ban J r. i*bJ.eh ;t"d " ilkes-Barre Com-H. Tkf1"""!1 t0 X, lv England at
sidiarv ,Tr ih C? company fs a sub-. iaiarj or the Jersey Central.Manhattan Lighterage Company.Counsel for tj'e commission also pre¬
sented figures to show that the losses inoperation of the Manhattan Lighterage
amounting to J5o0.!«0, are de-
Central°m the incom,! of the Jersey
coXft!^!nK U,i ,hp Rea<!:"~ companies, thet hat t1f"°nr fibres to show
Reading tvms ra'lw:iy pald »" <he
rteaninu Com; any since lfc:«; sir->7 v\l
Rea!dln"rc "l',i"ment " 'eased from 'thecost of K';iCh »'«.> at. originalthar ih ,
^as pointed out' lh' railway has no etiuitv in the
replaced equipment. In addition", the ex-
oairl th, p '''i,ith'1!.th" rall"av company
iTs 4.i, .»«l'mpany 8 per c"nt on
j" on e'!u,Pn,ent leases and from
rnt on an ad<3jtional $17.4XK>,-
<mw» for equipment leases.Masses of other figures were also .re¬
sented to show the financial operationsthree ,liB Reading corpora-
< ounsel for the commission introducedsh'»vin!< "*e Lackawanna
railroad transposed free of charge sup¬plies for the Lackawanna Coal Com¬pany. a subsidiary. Counsel for theLackawanna was not present when thiscame up. but other railroad lawyersMuted they believed this practice hadDeen discontinued.
HEBRING FROM THE POTOMAC.Fish Dealers Are Puzzled by Mid¬
winter Catch.Pish dealers at the 11th street wharf
are scratching their heads and sayingthat things are certainly working funnyIn their business, all because in a shipmentof tish recent y received by C.eorge \\\Stuart from Beales wharf in Xominicreek, Va., there were sixty-three herringas fine as any that are caught in the Po¬tomac in the middle of the spring fishingseason.
B
Herring are often received from theNew Jersey coast fisheries at this time ofthe wr and shad and herring are looked
f[om th^ south, but for the fish to becaught In the Potomac In the middle ofwinter ls something out of the ordinaryand is causing comment. The tish weresold to uptown dealers at fancv pricesbo far this season the dealers at thewharf market have not received a shador herring from the southern fisheries *
though it i» stated that a few of bothspecies of the tish have been received bythe dealers uptown and are on sale In themarkets All kinds of fish ar. reportedscarce at the. wharf market and pricesare high.
"77"FOR GRIP, INFLUENZA,COUGHS, SORE 1HROAT
COLDS"I am getting untold comfort
From Humphreys' 'Seventy-seven'.may I ask for a booklet, to learnof your remedies for Rheumatismand other ailments."In celebration of sixty years of
success we have published a newand revised edition of Dr. Hum¬phreys' Manual of all diseases.Riving in minute detail the careUnd treatment of the sick withHumphreys' Remedies.
For a free copy, address Hum¬phreys Homeo. Med. Co., 156William St., New York.
Changes in Personnel of Departmentof Commerce Employes
Announced.
The Department of the Interior yester¬day made public the following changesIn its personnel: Probationary appoint¬ments: office of Secretary.Henry K.Dinan. New Hampshire, elevator con-
doctor. JT--: David E. Trabold NewYorK. watchman. J720- General land
offle- I., wis Fisher. Pennsylvania, cop}
1st 57-.. Patent office.Arthur R. » y»e.Ohio, examiner. »t.600. Alfred CK-meiu,
Illinois, an.l Ray Shackelford. >Jls90"rl;copyists Balis A. 1 mni'L1\ , ".ThPresf.n Harris. Tennessee, and Joseph
jNew Jersey. laborer (classi-liedi, J IS" Oeoiogical surv.-v-Miss^a e
J. Loeue. Missouri. »>|d Bn"Taylor. K.-i.tucky. -m.l." ^ p-,,mfornia.reauofinmes-J. il. '¦
ifu.ia duty);petrol"-11111 > UK.nee mpshi,e. juniorJohn C. MoiKan. , , Rolandchemist. *i:»> n''' 1 T'.-V ' ,?,Vv Sf«<.R. Uatliet. Ohio. n..ss.-;..«-« mj »offlce_Reinstatement, M n <j [ransitman,Robert L> I>alton. tun.$100 per montb
List oi' Promotions.i.,ra] land office.Promotion*. < .enerai
0iPrki av ,.hn Alabama, cieriv,Clarence <> \W'-
51,000 to >1,200; Mrs. Jennie A. Tall.«- »o to $900: HermanIllinois, copyist. *.-«? to
<. Hansen. Wisconsin, n-sistant met
sender ?7-0. to copyist. fPOO; James L.
Ryan's.' Virginia. skUled Ubore^ *«W.to assistant mf^ewar. '"New York"^rTlf'oO to *M00 ^itent offlce-¦hari'es s Orovor. Indiana, examiner,
«TH«n:UrSS*e7k S84M. t'o'ci.-rk. Reclamationservice.Frank W. llanna. Iowa, en-rri' .,,r r.» supervising en
"ine.r ¦- '»>¦ »ur«u "r ,n ll's,"
. i- .eel N-.-W Voi k. laboratoryhelper |W. io anal \ st. $800; Andrew!A ll Hamilton. PennsyWataa. me.-
sender. $480. t.. under clerk. S.-O iDen
Vn-'. 'w'-'ii i tae department: In-
,. Iffirp <tunrt H Elliott, Ohio, clerk,dian office -mu. it i r.Anthony
Krauth ""so t, Dakota, copyist WOO,from 'lovernm.i l Hospital for Insane.Geological surv.y Miss Annie T.sth-»\v Massachusetts, under clerk.from'general land office. 1 o ,an ^ fromother departments: (.eoio^ical _urveyDonald F. -Ma. Donald. Montana, geo¬logist. $-.-k»). from isthmian canal com
'"itesi'inations General land office.Henrv Culloui. Jr.. Illinois specialleeni *1 *,to Patent office, John A.
Indiana, . xaminer. ,1*00: "*£t 'k McCormacic. District of Colum-bia.messenger hoy. $360. Geologica sur-
vev-Ravm"nd r. I'ierce, Idaho, juniorengineer SI .-.>»>. Reclamation .servtce-Van es K. We. Arizona, sen,or clerk..IfllUCfe 1' t r-
»nnu -juniorSj ino; James F rtray, Arizona. Junior.clerk $1 440; John V. Waiters. Cali¬fornia. mechanical draftsman, $4 per daywhen actually employed.
ALASKA COAL A FAILURE.
Valueless for Navy. According to Of¬ficial Report of Tests.
Preliminary tests of Alaskan coal fromthe Bering river district have been very
discouraging to officials who hoped theymight develop a new fuel supply for the
navy. Rear Admiral Griffin, in chargeof the investigation, has reported to theHouse nava' affairs committee that the
Bering rive.* coal tested has fallen so
far under expectations in practical use
as to be of no value, but that from theMatanuska fields and other sections oCthe Bering district, from which coal isvet to be tested, the navy is hoping for
better results.Chem'cal tests of the Bering river coal
indicated that it contained a higher effi¬ciency oi therma units J-"ePocahontas coal of West Virginia, butwhen put to firing tests in the navy,notably aboard the cruiser Maryland, itdeveloped only 4a per cent of the sameefficiency and caused :i great deal oftrouble. It made immense clinkers wntcnclogged the furnaces and covered thegrate bars with a molten substance 1 ketar, which shut off the draft and ham¬pered steaming.Congress has appropriated Sio.000 for
experiments with coal from tii* Mata¬nuska district, and these will be carried
on-, %i iThose who are opposing the Alaska
railway bill, now being debated in bothhouses of Congress, are pointing to theadmiral's testimony before the navalcommittee as an added argument in theirfavor. One of the arguments advancedby the supporters of the bill is thai a
government railroad is needed to tap thenorthern coal fields and bring a fuel sup¬ply to tidewater for the navy.
REPORT ON BANK RECEIVED.
Plans for Reorganization of Pitts¬burgh Institution Here.
The report of National Bank ExaminerOwen Reeves on the success of plansfor a reorganization of the First-SecondNational Bank of Pittsburgh, which was
put In the hands of a federal receiverseveral months ago. was received yester¬day by Thomas P. Kane. act'ug controllerof the currency. It will be considered byMr. Kane, Milton C. Elliott, solicitor forthe controller, and by John Skelton Wil¬liams, when he is confirmed as controllerby the Senate.Reports from Pittsburgh indicate that
many subscriptions to the stock of theproposed reorganized bank are contingentupon its admission to the PittsburghClearing House Association. Treasuryprecedents agree that the controller'soffice could not recognize subscriptionscontingent on the action of a clearinghouse.
NOT CONSIDERED A TOY.
Neither Is Trick Cigarette-HolderSmokers' Material, Rules Treasury.A trick cigarette holder that cannot be
used as a cigarette holder is not "smok¬ers' material," under the tariff law. andas not a proper plaything for childrenit is not to be classed as a toy. So infuture the impost will be levied againstsuch things on the basis of their com¬
ponent parts. This is a decision of theTreasury Department, just made pub ic.Such a trick cigarette holder, made of
glass and providing a whistling soundwhen breathed into, has been an articleof frequent recent importation, and hasbeen levied against as a toy. But it isnot a toy, no more than are trick match¬boxes, trick cigarettes, wooden cigars andtrie k cigar cutters. For a toy is essen¬tially, under tariff construction, some¬thing to amuse children; and all play¬things are not to be considered toys justbecause children may play with them.And this is manifestly not a proper toyfor children.
White House to Be Represented.Mrs. Woodrow Wilson and Miss Mar¬
garet Wilson have promised to be pres-! ent at the meeting of the woman'sdepartment of the National Civic Feder¬ation at Rauscher's at 11 o'clock nextTuesday morning, when E. Stagg Whit-in, president of the National PrisonLabor Association, will speak on "Pri¬son Reforms." Mr. Whltln will be in-troducted by Commissioner Siddons.Miss Maude Wetmore, chairman of thewoman's department, will also make anaddress.
Reservation Named "Fort MacArthur'Secretary Garrison has named the
military reservation at Point Fermin,Cal., Fort MacArthur. in honor of Lieut.i.i n. Arthur MacArthur. Fnited StatesArmy, who died September 0, lUlli.
lieorjse J. Knnpp «ml hi* <I<»k Ted who were Ihf iwo prineipal fiprure* inrweut campaign at Pueblo, Col.
CITY WAS CONVERTEDBY A MAN AND A DOG
How Successful Single Tax Cam-
paign Was Conducted at
Pueblo, Colo.
A team is credited with starting themovement that resulted in the adoptionby Pueblo, Col., of single tax reform bycharter amendment.a team consistingof a man and a dog. George J. Knapp,delegate-at-large representing Coloradoat the Fels single tax conference, justended in Washington, owner of the dog,in conversation gives the impression thatthe dog did most of the work. This mod¬est statement is not by any means ac¬
curate. Mr. Knapp performed the bulkof the labor, but that the dog, Ted, dida lot there can be no doubt."Women vote in my state," said Mr.
Knapp to a reporter for The Star, "andmost women like dogs, and especiallylittle dogs. They would notice the littlefellow on the street, stop to pet him, and.reading the legend on his blanker. 'Pu¬eblo, Col., single tax, 1914.' would usu¬
ally ask what it meant. That gave me
my chance to explain and convert. I
took Ted for a waik here in Washingtonyesterday morning, and probably fifteenwomen wanted to know why he wore thecoat and what the legend stood for.
No Single Taxers There."There were, as far as I can discover,
no single taxers in Colorado three yearsago. In my work for the idea, coveringa ten-month campaign. I, or rather Tedand I. received practically no co-opera¬tion from any one during nine-tenths of
the time. I formed a single tax club forthe purpose, and. although it began to gementioned here and there, no one reallyknew how small its membership was, forfour girls in my office composed the rankand file. The results came, however, inthe last month of the campaign, took theform of a landslide, and the charteramendment was a result. The ciubdoesn't lack for membership now, forover 2.000 names are on its rolls."Mr. Knapp was sent from St. Louis to
Colorado Ave years ago to die. His physi¬cians gave him only a few weeks in whichto enjoy the climate out there, but he isstill at it.
TO HELP RUN PRESS CLUB.
Many Members of National Organi¬zation to Serve This Year.
Committees to act during the comingyear have been appointed for the Na¬
tional Press Club. The members are as
follows:Executive committee.Frank B. I,ord,
chairman; Theodore H. Tiller, AshmunX. Brown. i louse committee.W. L.Crounse, chairman; W. A. Crawford, J.
B. Small wood, T. F. Logan, F. W. Steck-man. Membership committee.MortonM. Milford. chairman; Robert M. Ginter,J. L. Wright. G. S. "Wilcox, Walter S.Gard, J. R. Crown, K. Foster Murray,F. I>. Lander, Edward It. Padgett. Au¬diting committee.Donald A. Craig,chairman; W. K. Nottingham. CorneliusEckhardt. Committee on tixed events.(Hobby nights, etc.) Frederic J. Haskin,chairman; John Oliver .a Gore. (Uis f.Karger. Entertainment committee.Rob¬ert J. Patchin, chairman; Cluade Ben¬nett, C. E. Stewart, Theodore H. Tiller,James Hay, jr., J. J. Daily, HowardActon. Library and art ' ommittee. \
D. Jacobson, chairman; Paul Weir. W.A. van Benschoten. Publicity committee.Earl Godwin, chairman; H. E. Jester,C. D. Groat. B. A. Mattingly, J. P.Annin. Charity committee.I^ouis Gar-the, chairman; W. H. Landvoigt. R. M.McLennan. Special guest committee-Arthur J. Dodge, chairman; T. O. Monk,Arthur B. Krock, R. B. Watrous, C. T.Thompson, D. L. Selke, Robert Dougan,Xorborne Robinson, Elmer Murphy. L.S. Conness, J. A. Mathews. George Gar¬ner, Dona'd MacGregor. O. H. Stewart.Laurence Todd. M. II. Mclntyre. Build¬ing committee.W. L. Crounse. chairman;II. J. Brown, Oswald F. Schuette, J. FredEssary, Ben F. Allen. Eligibility com¬
mittee.Fred A. Emery, chairman; AustinCunningham, C. C. Hart. Printing com¬
mittee.C. C. Hart, chairman: George. W.Summers, G. H. Gall. Finance com¬
mittee.O. F. Schuette. chairman; T. H.Tiller, G. J. Karger, T. F. Logan, A. .s.
Brown, treasurer. *
Northumberland Is Crippled.In consequence of having broken her
rudder the steamer Northumberland ofthe Maryland. Delaware and Virginia linewhen she left here yesterday afternoonwas unable to take passengers and freightfor points along the lower river, as it
was found that she could not be handledat the wharves to make landings. Ahurried trip will be made to Baltimore,where repairs will be made and the ves¬
sel made ready to resume service on herschedule, which calls for her leaving theretomorrow evening for the lower river andthis port.
Yacht Club Gives Dance.About thirty-five couples attended the
initial dance of the Washington YachtClub last night at Carroll InstituteHall. The hall was decorated with clubpennants and American flags. Duringthe intermission refreshments wereserved. The committee in charge ofthe dance consisted of Richard G. Tay¬lor. chairman: R. M. Collins. R. J.Jones, H. F. Smith and K. E. Buflin.
HALF-GALLON OF BEERRAISES AWFUL RUMPUS
Question Is Whether It Shall BeAdded to the Present Legal
Barrel.
In addition to regulating monopolies inrestraint of trade, enacting aseaman's billand afew other little measures of that sort,Congress may he called upon to regu¬late the Bize of beer barrels the countryover, and just at this moment Commis¬sioner of Internal Revenue Osborn Iscogitating over the problem of whetherhe will stand pat for a thirty-one gal¬lon barrel, or recomirfend that the UnitedStates standard for beer containers shallbe thirty-one and a half gallons.In support of the larger barrel, about
fourteen state commissioners of weightsand measures are either in Washingtonor are carrying on correspondence withtheir representatives, senators and theinternal revenue commissioner.
Bay State Takes Hand.One of the latest to arrive is Thure
Hanson, commissioner of weights andmeasures from Massachusetts, who yes¬terday sang his song of woe into theear of Representative Winslow of Mas¬sachusetts, a member of the House com¬mittee on weights and measures.The trouble seems to have originated
in the old-fashioned arithmetic booksof oar ancestors. In those delightfulold dogeared volumes, the beer barrellis given as something containing thirty-one and a half gallons. In accordancewith this, many states passed laws re¬cently requiring the brewers to placeLhirtv-one and a half gallons of thehop fluid into the chuggy little caskswhich large men in blue overalls carrylinto ih<- swinging doors of thirst em-poriums.
Would Require Extra Stamp."We can do that," said the brewers.
"but if so we will run afoul of the fed-eral statute which requires that we placean extra stamp on all barrels over thir¬ty-one gallons In capacity."An f-xtra stamp means onf more dollar.
One more dollar for a measly half gal-Ion of beer, it is declared, would putmany a brewery out of business. Hencethe predicament.Commissioner Hanson called on In-
ternal Revenue Commissioner Osborn.Ho found him so tied up with patronagematters that a half gallon of beer moreor less did not seem to worry him. How¬ever. the matter seems to be such thatMr. Osborn will have to decide within afew days whether he will stand pat onthe regulation United States thlrty-one-gallon barrel, or bow to the widespreadinfluence of the old New England arith-metic and raise the size half a gallon.
SERVICES FOR CARL BROWNE.
Memory of "Labor Knight" to BeEulogized at Meeting.
Services 1n honor of the memory ofCarl Browne, n lieutenant in the famousCoxey's "armj," who died Thursdayafternoon fo'.lo *ing an attack of acuteindigestion, are to he held at the OldMasonic Temple this afternoon at 2o'clock. Several labor men of the Dis¬trict are to eulogize the "Labor Knight."A. B. Johnscn is to be the principal
speaker. His fubject will be "The LastDays of Carl Browne." B. Albert Weissand V. Pullo. with Mr. Johnson, are incharge of the arrangements. The publicIn general and labor men in particularare Invited to be present. Carl Brownehimself was to have been a speaker to-day at the hall where he is now to beeulogized.
l_'p to a late hour last night no wordhad been received from Mr. Browne'srelatives. His father-in-law. (Jen. JackobCoxey, had not been located, althougha letter addressed to the dead man whichwas received yesterday and sent fromGen. Coxey, then at Norfolk, stated Gen.Coxey was slated to speak in New Yorktoday. A telegram has been dispatchedto Mr. Browne's wife in California.
must stand trial.
Isaac Swidler and John H. Petersto Meet Assault Charge.
Isaac Swidler and John H. Peters,who forfeited $10 each in the PoliceCourt Friday, when they failed to appearon a charge of assaulting Philip Milstone,a news vender, last month, must standtrial.Assistant United States Attorney Ralph
Given stated yesterday that he will notifyAtorney Henry E. Davis, counsel forSwidler and Peters, that they will haveto appear for a hearing, as Milstone hasnotified him he is not satisfied with theforfeit of $10 collateral each. Mr. Givensaid he would not issue an attachmentfor the defendants, but would simplynotify their counsel to have them in courton a certain date.
Will Arrange for Dinner.The special committee named to ar¬
range for the dinner to be given bythe Retail Merchants' Association nextmonth will meet tomorrow at noon tocomplete the final details.
M'CLEARY BEGINS TERMEnters Penitentiary for Life for Mur¬
der of Mrs. NannieHenry.
Norman Bruce McCleary, convicted inthe circuit court at Rockvllle, Md.. lastApril of the murder of Mrs. NannieHenry at Hagerstown In August. 1922,and sentenced to the Maryland penitenti¬ary for Jlfe, was yesterday taken to thepenitentiary by SherlfT Whalen.Since his conviction McCleary had been
In jail at Rockville awaiting the decisionof the court of appeals in the motion fora new trial in his case. The adverse de-clsion of the court was a keen disap¬pointment to him, as he had confidentlycounted upon being granted another trial.
Daughter Avoided Him.Mrs. Henry, who McCleary was convict-
ed of murdering, was the mother ofMiss Lupah Henry, with whom McClearywas declared to be infatuated. Thedaughter left Hagerstown August 15. 1012,and came to Washington. It was statedshe left there for the purpose of keep-ing away from McCleary. Several aayslater the lifeless body of Mrs. Henrywas found lying across a bed in herroom. She had apparently been deadseveral days.McCleary had left Hagerstown and was
arrested August 21, 1912, in this city, atthe request of the Hagerstown authori¬ties. He was tried at liockvilie beforeChief Judge Hammond Urner and Asso¬ciate Judges Edward C. Peter and GlennH. Worthington, who convicted him ofmurder in the iirst degree and imposedlife sentence.
SCIENCE KulES.
During the year 1913 sixty-seven minorplanets were given provisional numbers,though five of them subsequently provedto be members of the asteroid family.Nineteen of these bodies were discoveredat Heidelberg.The international committee sitting in
London has recommended that lifeboatsbe provided for all on hoard ships.An institute for bibliographic research
is soon to be established in Chicago, thefirst of its kind in America.
The largest electric hoist in this countryis to be installed in the Granite mountainshaft of the North Butte Mining Com¬pany. The hoisting motor will have amaximum intermittent rating of 4,500horsepower.Three large and well organized parties
will sail for Antarctia this year. Threethousand men have applied for places onone of these expeditions, ready to facethe perils and privations in the frozenwastes, thus illustrating that the love ofadventure, the mainspring of all suchundertakings, is not decadent among men.
The new Cunard liner. Aquitanla, whichis due in New York early this year, willhave the largest turbine engines everbuilt- They will weigh tons, andwill contain over 1,000,OOJ blades vary-ing from 1V« to 20 inches in length.The Royal Observatory, near Brussels,
has been divided into two distinct estab-lishments, one devoted to astronomy, to¬gether with astrophysics, geodesy andseismology; the other to meteorology,along with climatology, magnetism andatmospheric electricity. The effect of thischange is to give the national meteoro¬logical service of Belgium an independentstatus, whereas it was formerly merelyan appendage of an astronomical obser¬vatory.
Samuel W. Long says that the wholeUnited States may become a desert with¬in fifty years, owing to the lowering of"ground water." The source of danger,he says, is a lacK of underground waterin the circular system, oaused in themain by deforestation, with careless cul¬tivation of the land as a contributingfactor. Mr. Long is soon to issue a sci-entitle paper on the subject.
Dr. Emii Kraepelin, professor of men¬tal diseases in the University of Munich,says alcohol is not a stimulant; that itis a narcotic first, last and always; thatthe stimulation is merely imaginary andthat one does less and poorer work underits influence, though a person may thinkthat he is turning out more and betterwork.
Thomas A. Edison thinks that the in¬vention of the future will be on the lineof devising some scheme for the reuseof papers for newspaper purposes by re-moving the printer's ink so that papercan be used a second time.
A radio manual is soon to be issued bythe United States Signal Corps dealingwith the installation and operation ofradio-telegraphic apparatus, especiallyfield stations, and intended primarily forthe guidance of the regular and militaryforces.
The International Institute of Agricul¬ture now numbers fifty-three countriesand colonies among its adherents. TheUnited States has a representation of fivedelegates. To meet the growing expensesof the institute, it has been decided toincrease the subscription of the variouscountries. That of the United States willhereafter be $8,000 per annum.
An institute of oceanography is to b#»established at Ste. Adresser, a suburb ofHavre, in a large park overlooking thebay of the Seine. It is thought the in¬stitute can be opened in time for the sci¬entific congress to be held at Havre inthe autumn of the present year. Theprincipal work will be the practical in¬struction to fishermen.
.7. Bosler, astronomer at the Observa¬tory of Meudon, finds that the sun lo. es
annually by radiation a mass such thatin thirty million years it would equalthe mass of the earth.that K the mass ofthe sun is diminishing, and its attractiveforce is becoming cqi respondngly weaker.Were the radiation from the sun to beintercepted all life on this earth wouldcease. An Immovable atmosphere wouldbrood over an ocean, which, if not actuallyfrozen, could be disturbed only by the sul¬len undulations of the tides, and thesilence of death over the surface of theearth would be broken only by the occa¬sional groans of a volcano. However,this dissipation of the solar mass istoo slow to be shown by any actual ob¬servation, astronomers now prove.
^ThTsearchlight ||p|How to Make an Aeroplane Stay in
the Air When It Gets There.No less than four Inventions to pre¬
vent the sudden collapse of aeroplaneshave just been patented, and many otherdesigns with the same object in vieware under consideration at this moment.James A. Moore of Detroit presents a
device for maintaining the equilibriumof aeroplanes, the central features ofwhich are a pendulum, a rotating cylin¬der divided into equal compartments anda pipe or reservoir to supply compressedair. If the machine tips, the apparatusoperates automatically to draw in theplanes to an adjustment which restoresthe balance.The invention of Brutus Brooks of
Martin, Tenn., is designed to maintainthe lateral balance of aeroplanes, inwhich extension wings take the place ofthe usual ailerons. They are made ofa series of interfitting sections pivotallymounted at their front ends and foldingback automatically while the air craftis in flight.The automatic stabilizer of Theodore
Windel of Brooklyn consists of a specialplane on a pivot which indicates by veer¬
ing in one direction or another whetherthe aeroplane is tipping. In other words,it catches the variation before the oper¬ator could detect it, and thus it acts as a
timely danger signal.George E. Hanes of Denver hopes to
restore the balance of an aeroplane atany time by the use of a plane formedwith a plurality of independent sectionsarranged to the same horizontal plane.This mechanism, as well as that whichusually pertains to an aeroplane, is con¬trolled without difficulty from the avia¬tor's seat.
t
CITY PLANNING.II..The Housing Problem.
By Frederic J. Haskin.
The housing problem is one Involvingthe national vitality. T'pon its treatmentdepends, to a great degree, the fitnessor unfitness of the people to meet the de¬mands of advancing civilization. If thehome is inconsistent with high commer¬cial and industrial development, our civ¬ilization must fail. It is the most pressingquestion In the city reform. Indirectly,it is beirg approached in efforts to re¬
alize the widespread sentiment for thebeautiful city.With the elimination of torturous streets,
concealed alleys and attendant wretched¬ness and crime, and with the introductionof inviting parks, broad plazas, roomy,
well planned streets and avenues, mag¬nificent public buildings and commodioustraffic centers, citizens of the future citycertainly will demand that the individualhome builder conform his fancies to rec¬
ognized standards, and they are not goingto allow the Incapable or eccentric builderto destroy the harmony of the plannedcity through faulty judgment or greed.But even more strongly than the ideal
of a beautiful city, the necessity of pro-tecting 4,'e homes of the poor in orderto bring ..bout wholesome social develop¬ment is beginning to operate for better
and more thorough municipal regulationof building construction. That part of a
city's people denied healthy, adequatehomes, whose growth Is blighted and in¬fected by unnatural congestion, in turn,take bitter unconscious revenge. The dis¬
orders bred by their unwholesome lives
seep through all ramifications of the cityIn chief part the housing problem Is
one of sanitation. It is the direct out¬
growth of congestion, or an.undue dens¬
ity of people. He-tic speculation in cit>and suburban land is the crux of theproblem. Cures for the evil housing sit¬
uations that have b-come acute in Amer-ican cities of the tirst and second mag-
nitude. and causes for much concern m
every industrial and commercial countryof the world, are the restriction of a too
intensive development of the land. strict-er building regulations and themf-nt and cheapening ot transportationbetween office and factory in the city and
points in the. surrounding country.
* *.
It i« an irony of the modern city that
the poor people live on the expensiveland while the
Poor People Live rich llv« on
cheap land. Theon Expensive Land. rK)pr man who
can ill afford even the interest on the
lower capital represented by agricul¬tural land? has to carry rental on ex¬
orbitant priced land In crowded sectionso£ the city.The mill hand must live near the place
of his daily labor. Present railway andinterurban fares do not allow them to
live fifteen or twenty miles In the coun-
try. as the European laborer often does.
Commutation fares on the govemment-owned railways of many European coun¬
tries make it possible for the hordes ol
city workers to leave the city when their
day is done for cottages scatteredthroughout the encircling country. Thus,in Belgium, it costs 87^ cents a weekfor a double journey of twenty mileseach day. For a daily forty-four-mileround trip the cost is 55 cents weekly.Low wages are, of course, another ele-
menc In the force which b:nds the cityworker to the city. Facing the problemof finding a domicile near his employ-ment, and of making his wage supportself and family, after deducting rental,the city worker finds .solution only at theexpense of a comfortable, healthy home.The family that can afford only $7.50 a
month in rent must take what the land-lord will- provide, and the city landlordtoo often has solved the difficulty ac-
cording to the dictates of greed. In-vestigations in almost any of the largercities disclose instances of single rooms
being used by from six to a dozen peoplefor sleeping, living and occupational pur¬poses.While the housing problem cannot be
exclusively laid at the door of the land¬lord. his contributions to it have been theblind alley, the cheap, insanitary tene¬ment and the dilapidated hovel. Thislast contribution is made where theframe house of yesterday's suburb isstanding upon ground that has comeinto a manufacturing district. Such landis valuable for factory purposes out ofproportion to the houses upon it. As a
result, the landlord waits for an offerfrom some manufacturer for the land, :nthe meantime renting the houses and al¬lowing them to go to ruin.Interior alley homes and the barracks-
like tenements, both types of homes withimproper sanitation, lack of sunlight, ofventilation, of comfort, devoid of allhome-like inspiration, are the backboneof the housing problem. Where peopledwell 1,000 to the tenement. In bleak oneto four room cells, there can be nohomes, no natural growth, no wholesomereproduction.
** *
The product of these congested city
districts is the tuberculosis sufferer.the physical weak-
Future Citizens 1,n*- a n ' m 1 c-
stunted, warpedPay the Penalty, children, and thementally unfit. In these districts, also,develop plagues which spread over thecity. Crime and immoral debaucheryare bred in them. To sum up: disease,immorality, crime, alcoholism and th©production of vicious and incapable fu-ture citizens are the concomitant fea-tures of city congestion. One does notneed to keep the pitiable condition ofthe miserable tenement and slumdweller in mind in order to realize theurgency of the demand to solve thehousing problem.Exhaustive studies upon this problemhave been made by the United States
Department of Labor and various reme-dies indicated. Most pertinent is thesuggestion that the number of roomsper acre should be restricted by law.Such restrictions would cut the groundout from under wholesome land specu¬lation, by setting plausible boundariesto the intensity of land development.In a general vay building codes and
tenement laws in force in Americancities safeguard the poor. Dwellingsunfit for human habitation are con¬demned. The tendency is, however, togive broad interpretation to the de¬gree of unsuitability which shall con¬stitute unfitness. Chiefly, fire protec-tion, a variable standard of plumbingequipment, ventilation and stability areinsisted upon.Many cities are limiting the heights of
buildings. Chicago, Cleveland, Erie, FortWayne and Indianapolis have placed thislimit at 200 feet. Other cities j lace it atbetween 125 and 2*h> feet. Height limitshave been long in force in Europeancities. It is interesting to consider thata building erected to the height of theaggregate height limits of London, Ber¬lin. Paris, Rome. Stockholm, Edinburgh.Zurich. Frankfort-on-Main, Cologne, l>us-seldorf and Hamburg would exceed theheight of the Woolworth building in NewYork by a bare fourteen feet. Restrictionof building heights of tenements is a re¬form to assure to each family its share ofsunlight.
** *
It has been proposed that the working-man's home should be built only two
rooms ideepPlan, for a Better and have a
, . , street front-WorkingTiian s Home. agt. beforeand behind. This would reduce the work¬er's ground rent to the lowest point, andwould assure his family light and air.In place of his deep backyard filled withcans and trash, the city's parks could belaid out near his home.Transportation facilities permitting the
city worker to live on the outskirts ofthe city are imperative to the restorationof sound municipal life. Then, in thesuburbs, houses can be limited to twelvean acre. With the limitation of conges¬tion, there should be established definitezones for manufacturing, business andresidences. Now a business or an indus¬trial section gradually eats its way intoa residential section.alftd the housingproblem is present.The alley hovel, festering in rows and
screened behind business and manufac¬turing blocks, should be outlawed, and isbeing outlawed where people are being re-volted by the realization of the menaceof its contagious by-products.
Drops to Pavement Unconscious.W. M. Shelby, thirty-eight years old,
employed in a packing house near Cen¬ter market, and rooming at 213 7thstreet northwest, last night became illwhile at 9th and E streets northwest,and fell to the pavement unconscious.He was picked up and taken to theEmergency Hospital, where it wasfound he was suffering from concus-sion of the brain.
Judge Reuben Murrell Page, aged sev¬enty, died Wednesday at Abingdon, Va.He was the first judge of Washingtoncounty following the reconstruction era
and served ten years, beginning in 1870.He was a Confederate cavalryman in thecivil war.
JUST/TOMAN.NATURE1 .
*£>rPhihinderJohnson
N EXT to an aviator, the riskiestlooking man in the landscapeis the three-hundred-pounderon skates.
Sometimes a man says he fell off th*water wagon when he didn't. He sig¬naled for a stop and deliberately dis¬mounted.
'Tis thus that life lias seemed to go,since first men learned to trade and talk.Some foiks must shovel ofT the snow, thatothers may In comfort walk.
The Artful Knocker is th»* ono whoknows how to make the lethal tap for «-neman look like a genial boost for another.
"The hand that rocks the cradle rorkathe world." "1 know better," replied theman with the cor.rave l'.»< ial expression;"since my wife joined three debating so¬cieties and a card club, that hand ismine."
You can't help distrusting an editorwho. when you read him a bunch of Sol¬omon's proverbs, says "That's RoodstufT. Why don't you print it?"
We've changed th<» number on the year.We've wiped out old "*13." And now wecontemplate with cheer a future ull serene. And yet the ground hog. as ofyore, will prance into the sun and oldSt. Valentine.the bore' -will have us onthe run. The Easter styles will keep usskinned for several weeks to rome Th»»birdies In the springtime wind will sinstheir lum-ty-tum. We'll work alone, pastlandmarks old, as months go rollinground, until hot weather, uncontrolled,puts Towser in the pound. We'll singe oureyebrows with great glee on Independ¬ence day and pant and wish that wecould see Thanksgiving under way. Whenturkey time again draws n^ar and lightlyfalls the snow, we say, "Well, well. An¬other year. How swiftly time does go
"
And next year and year after that, thesame old days we'll j;reet. We'll all b*netting thin or fat. We'll fast or over¬eat. We change the number with greatglee. We lift the cup of cheer, and aft«*rthat It seems to be about the averageyear.
Col. Jervey Succeeds Maj. Hand.Eleut. Col. Henry Jervey of the army
engineers was yesterday designated totake charge of the second Cincinnatiengineering district, surreedinsx Maj.Eewis H. Rand, whose new station hasnot yet been determined. Col. Jerveyalready is in charge of the first Cincin¬nati district and for the present will directthe operations in both divisions.
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