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City of Dallas Greenhouse Gas
Update
Kevin Overton
North Texas Climate Symposium
February 4, 2019
Dallas Environmental Quality & Sustainability Programs
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Air Pollution Control
Air Quality Initiatives
EMS & Internal
Compliance
Municipal Setting
DesignationsSpill Response
Sustainability, Outreach & Education
StormwaterManagement
Water Conservation
Zero Waste
DEQS Summary• Manages the EMS program to reduce the
City’s environmental footprint
• Operates as the City’s inhouse environmental consultant
• Monitor trends and take action to improve air and water quality
• Offers extensive training opportunities for City employees
• Conducts public educational and outreach events throughout the year
• Promotes water conservation, clean air, waste reduction, and recycling
• Inspect construction sites and industrial facilities for environmental compliance
• Responds to resident’s environmental complaints
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Background – DEQS Achievements
• 2016 - Quality of Life Committee briefed on air quality and resolution of support subsequently passed
• 2017 - Transportation Committee briefed on City’s air quality and emissions reduction initiatives
• 2018 – Multiple efforts:
➢ March – first North Texas Climate Change Symposium
➢ August – Council adopts Resilient Dallas Plan
➢ September – Realignment to Dallas Environmental Quality & Sustainability
• 2019 – the Comprehensive Environmental & Climate Action Plan (CECAP) approved by Council along with a climate resolution
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Current City Emission
Reduction Efforts
• 100% Renewable Energy Purchase
• Co-generation at DWU’s Southside Wastewater Treatment Plant
• McCommas Landfill gas capture and re-sale
• ~1/2 of the total City fleet runs on alternative fuels or electricity (2,415 vehicles)
• LED lighting retrofits
• Love Field achieved Level 2 Carbon Accreditation from ACI and ACA
• Implementing nature-based solutions to mitigate urban heat island effects
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Cooperation With Community
Organizations
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North Central Texas Council of GovernmentsImportant partner on Air Quality Outreach
• Air North Texas is a regional public awareness campaign and partnership that seeks to improve air quality in North Texas.
• Air North Texas offers all North Texans, including individuals, businesses and governments, resources related to improving air quality.
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7
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• Branch Out Dallas is a new City of Dallas program that provides Dallas residents with a 5-gallon tree at no cost
• The program focuses on private residential property.
• All materials are provided in English and Spanish.
• It is hoped that the program become an annual City of Dallas program.
• At the time of pick-up, residents receive a tree along with planting and tree care instructions.
• City staff and volunteer groups will be stationed at each location to assist.
Breathe Easy Dallas
• Address the problem of absenteeism in DISD
due to asthma/allergy
• Phase I – Monitor nine schools to correlate
absenteeism with air pollution events
• Phase II – Mitigate absenteeism using passive
and direct intervention
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Climate Change
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Historic CO2 Levels
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Climate Impacts
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Fourth National Climate Assessment, Vol II —Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States
• Food, Energy, and Water Resources - Quality of life in the region will be compromised as increasing population, the migration of individuals from rural to urban locations, and a changing climate redistribute demand at the intersection of food consumption, energy production, and water resources.
• Infrastructure - The built environment is vulnerable to increasing temperature, extreme precipitation, and continued sea level rise, particularly as infrastructure ages and populations shift to urban centers.
• Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services - Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are being directly and indirectly altered by climate change.
• Human Health - Health threats, including heat illness and diseases transmitted through food, water, and insects, will increase as temperature rises.
Chapter 23 | Southern Great Plains
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Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health
“Enviromedics: The Impact of Climate Change on Human
Health” by Jay Lemery and Paul Auerbach, 2017 (Rowman & Littlefield).
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Reasons for
Concern
• IPCC: “Major
impacts from climate
change will begin as
early as 2040
without imminent
actions”
• At the current rates,
temperatures will
increase by ~2.7° F
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Cities Are Vulnerable
to Climate Change
• 70% of cities world wide are already experiencing effects of climate change
• Cities must absorb the unexpected costs of storms, flooding, drought, and other impacts of climate change
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• United States Global Change Research Program. 2018. Strategic Finding #SF-2 of National Climate
Assessment No. 4, November, 2018;
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Lack of National
and State Action
• Federal executive branch
favors coal and other
fossil fuels over
renewable energy
• The Governors’ November
2018 Rebuild Texas
Report recommended
eight measures to “future
proof” the state, but did
not address climate
change or mitigation
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Paris Agreement• 196 countries met in 2015 to
initiate efforts to combat climate
change and adapt to its impacts
• Followed the scientific consensus
that the most severe impacts of
climate change may be avoided if
we limit temperature increases to
1.5º C (2.7º F)
• Key aspects include measuring
and reporting emissions and
establishing reduction targets
consistent with 1.5º C (2.7º F)
increase
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Cities Are Leading
the Way
• Many mayors
worldwide pledged to
meet commitments
of Paris Agreement
• Mayor Michael
Rawlings signed
pledge in June 2017,
along with 5 other
Texas mayors
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Climate change should not be a partisan issue. I
disagree with any decision that undermines our
nation’s leadership role in the fight to mitigate the
effects of climate change. Dallas is a leader in
emissions reduction efforts, and we have had
significant success in reducing our carbon footprint. I
am asking our staff to continue to develop and
maintain programs that improve regional air quality,
reduce carbon emissions and otherwise address
climate change. This is a common-sense approach
that is good for our citizens, our businesses and our
planet.
Mayor Mike Rawlings on June 2, 2017
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With little state and federal action on climate change, local governments must step forward to shoulder the burden. The City of Dallas accepts this responsibility and has actively been working towards building a greener, more resilient city, and improving the quality of life in the region….
Environmental and health threats like climate change are ignored at the peril of our health and future prosperity. We will work to improve regional air quality, tracking and reducing carbon emissions, and otherwise addressing climate change in line with current science. Dallas will continue to be a leader in those efforts and in ensuring that our community is engaged every step of the way.
Councilmember Sandy Greyson, March 9, 2018
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Opportunities For
Cities to Lead the Way
• Cities consume 2/3 of the
energy world wide
• Cities generate 70% of the
world CO2 emissions
• Urban population is nine times
larger today than 100 years
ago and increasing
• Actions taken at the city level
can have a major impact
• City leaders are more directly
accountable to the public than
state or federal officials.
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City Actions to Meet
Our Commitment
• GHG emission inventory is an essential step towards meeting any commitment under Paris Agreement
• It provides data necessary to determine focus and actions to reduce emissions
• It is used to develop effective strategies to reduce emissions and mitigate climate impacts
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Where To Start: The GHG Emission Inventory As A First Step
• The identification of emission sources
• Determining the significance of each source
• A historical record of emissions for future use
• Establishment of a solid foundation for decisions and a framework to set goals and targets
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Background – GHG Inventory
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2010
Update to the 2005 Inventory. Completed in 2012
2015
Strategic goal of reducing GHG emissions from City operations 39% from the 1990 level by 2017 (Council Strategic Plan FY15-17)
2017
Started a major update to the inventory using 2015 data and started the CECAP
City began inventorying GHG in 2005 with projections back back to 1990
2005
Emission Inventory: Lessons Learned from Previous Inventories
• Document all assumptions
• Document all emission factors
and calculations
• Use an accepted protocol and
document its use
• Make results available to the
public in a format that people
can understand
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A Protocol Is
Required For
Consistent
Results
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Any city that uses the ICLEI protocol can compare GHG emissions directly to
other cities
ICLEI offers the “Clear Path” online tool to assist with the inventory
The International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) is one
commonly accepted protocol
Primary Scopes in Emissions Inventory
In-boundary waste and
wastewater
Agriculture, forestry, and
other land use
Stationary fuel
combustion
In-boundary transportation
Grid-supplied energy
Out-of-boundary waste and
wastewaterOther indirect
emissions
Out-of-boundary transportation
Transmission and distribution
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Data Enhancements
• Comprehensive calculation of actual municipal (City operations) and community (within city limits) emissions
• Wastewater plant/system emissions• Transmission and distribution losses for electric and
natural gas• Emissions from travel in and out of the City• Emissions from industrial processes and solid waste
within city boundary• Benefits from mass transit use and carbon
sequestration (trees)
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Emission Inventory Results
Scope Sector Categories
Community
Scale CO2e
(MT)
Government
Scale CO2e
(MT)
Scope 1
Stationary Energy
Coal 95,888
Fuel Oil 359,529
Natural Gas 1,893,877 14,599
Natural Gas Fugitive Loss 514,008 3,962
Transportation On Road 6,779,889 58,639
Waste
Solid Waste Generated 135,055 135,055
Wastewater Treatment 273 273
Closed Landfills 5,433 431
Industry Industry 645,115
Forestry Land use (382,452)
Scope I Total 10,300,296 212,960
Scope 2Stationary Energy
Electricity 9,678,871 450,622
Renewable Energy Credits
(REC)(186,230)
Transportation Railway 69,738 <1
Scope 2 Total 9,748,609 264,392
Scope 3Stationary Energy
Electricity Transmission &
Distribution Losses499,129
Transportation Aviation 70,252
Scope 3 Total 575,918
Total Emissions 20,364,604 477,352 32
City of Dallas Municipal Emissions
24%
9%
36%
21%
9% 1%
35%
5%
22%
18%
12%
7%
Buildings & Facilities Street Lights & Signals Vehicle Fleet
Water & Wastewater Solid Waste Other/Fugitive
Dallas Benchmark City
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Dallas Municipal Emission Trends
-
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1990 2005 2010 2015 2017
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Municipal vs. Community Contribution
Municipal Emissions (~2% of Total)
Community Emissions
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Dallas Community Emissions
34%
33%
5%
8%
20%
Dallas Community
29%
29%
9%
22%
11%
U.S Average
Transportation & Mobile Sources Commercial Energy Other Emissions
Industrial Energy Residential Energy
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C40 City Comparison
-
10,000,000
20,000,000
30,000,000
40,000,000
50,000,000
New York Houston Chicago Los Angeles Dallas(1) Philadelphia Austin Portland
Stationary Transportation Waste
Average 17,337,492
Median 10,118,774
Note: Dallas data is draft pending QA/QC
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Inventory Results – Total Emissions
0 5,000,000 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000
2015
2010
2005
1990
14,729,098
17,229,387
18,450,736
13,554,607
477,352
735,517
962,672
862,388
Community Government
All emissions measured in metric Tons of CO2 equivalent
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Next Steps• Use GHG emissions inventory data in
development of Comprehensive Environmental & Climate Action Plan (CECAP)
• Actionable steps and goals building on the Resilient Dallasplan adopted by Council on August 8, 2018
• Unified approach to environmental planning that will better serve our community and strategic priorities
• Continue to encourage City emissions reduction initiatives and conduct emissions monitoring
• Revisit GHG emissions inventory using 2020 data
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Five Step Process
InInventory
of GHG Emissions
Establish Reduction
Targets
Develop A Climate Plan
Implement Policies
Monitor & Verify Results
Leadership & Commitment
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Scope: Comprehensive Environmental &
Climate Action Plan
Project Scope includes:
• Compile & review City plans/data
• Benchmark best management practices & identify Dallas options
• Develop internal/external City working groups
• Robust public outreach & engagement
• Perform modelling to assess effectiveness
• Develop & vet Dallas plan
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Next Steps – Comprehensive Environmental
& Climate Action Plan
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Compile Plans/ Data
Initiate Working Groups
Initial Public Outreach re:
Visioning/Goals
Develop & Model Concepts for Effectiveness
Public Outreach re: Proposed
Actions
Draft Environmental & Climate Action Plan
Finalize Environmental &
Climate Action Plan
February, 2019 March, 2019 April, 2019 June, 2019
Summer, 2019 Early Fall, 2019 Late Fall, 2019
January, 2020 Spring, 2020 April, 2020
City Council& Public
Presentation
Brief Committee & Working
Groups
Brief Committee & Working
Groups
Summary Timeline
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2010
Update to the 2005 Inventory. Completed in 2012
2015
Strategic goal of reducing GHG emissions from City operations 39% from the 1990 level by 2017 (Council Strategic Plan FY15-17)
2019
Completed a major update to the inventory using 2015 data and started the CECAP
City began inventorying GHG in 2005 with projections back back to 1990
Completion of the CECAP
20202005
Questions and Comments
Kevin Overton
Senior Environmental Coordinator
(214) 670-3887
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