City Beautification Project Nanded City

ByProf. S. L. Dhingra

IIT Bombayhttp://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/~dhingra

Overview Introduction Beautification of City - Case Studies Road Side Amenities Traffic Management Traffic Control Devices Parking Management Conclusion References

Introduction Nanded, a well known Sikh Pilgrimage Center One of the Five Sikh Takhats is located here named

as Hazur Sahib A famous gurudwara at Nanded, a replica of the

golden temple of Amritsar will be celebrating 300 years in 2008

There will be expectancy of millions peoples to be arrive for this event

Proper event management should be done to complete this event successfully

Nanded City

Beautification of City – Case Studies

Chandigarh

Called The City Beautiful serves as a capital of two states: Punjab and Haryana

Le Corbusier produced a plan for Chandigarh that confirmed to the modern city planning principles, and a hierarchy of road and pedestrian networks

Divided the city into units called 'sectors', each representing a theoretically self-sufficient entity with space for living, working and leisure

Chandigarh The sectors were linked to each other by a road

and path network developed along the line of the 7 Vs, or a hierarchy of seven types of circulation patterns

The city plan is laid down in grid pattern The sectors were to act as self-sufficient

neighborhoods, each with its own market, places of worship, schools and colleges - all within 10 minutes walking distance from within the sector

Chandigarh The original two phases of the plan delineated

sectors from 1 to 47, with the exception of 13 The city was to be surrounded by a 16 kilometer

greenbelt that was to ensure that no development could take place in the immediate vicinity of the town, thus checking suburbs and urban sprawl

Chandigarh One of the unusual and popular features of

Chandigarh is the Rock Garden of Chandigarh Chandigarh IT Park (also called Kishangarh IT

Park) is the city's attempt to break into the IT world Divided into identical looking sectors, each sector

measures 800m x 1200m. The sectors were to act as self-sufficient neighborhoods, each with its own market, places of worship, schools and colleges

Chandigarh City Map

Sector 17: City’s Heart and Retail Centre

Nagpur

Winter capital of the state of Maharashtra

Affectionately called as “Orange city” and also declared as a second “Green city” of India

Planning process implemented by Dr. T. Chandrasekhar put the road network of Nagpur city in very good condition

To D

elhi

To B

anga

lore

To Surat

Thane – Landmark Development Received “Clean City“ Award from HUDCO

India for 1999-2000 Widened 133 city roads (195 kms) under the

IRDP Used “Bio-remediation” process for cleaning

two main lakes transforming them from dumping pools to scenic & beautiful picnic spots

Beautification of junctions by providing fountains, channelizers, green chowks, illuminations etc.

Thane City

Thane – Landmark Development (Cont…)

City’s health solid waste management development ensures cleanliness on roads, gutters & at the public places etc.

Independent Pollution Control Department to check air & water quality through its monitoring stations

Welcome Gates, Auditorium, swimming pools, stadium, open grounds, gardens, high mast lighting are some of the other areas where The TMC has created landmarks

Maintaining and creating green cover. More then 3 lakhs have been planted with a survival rate of 90%

Ujjain One of the seven sacred cities of the Hindus, and

the Kumbh Mela religious festival is held there every twelve years

Last Kumbh Mela was held at Ujjain in April, 2004

To In

dore

Location of Kumbh Mela

Event Management for April, 2004

At a time, for 6000 peoples on the ghats, with the help of volunteers, each pilgrims took bath to six minutes, meaning 250,000 took bath in one hour

For million peoples visited ujjain in 2004, artificial long roads were created in 20 hectres of field near the ghats for holding capacity of one million

With this plan, 1.4 million peoples were managed at a time, and 5 million peoples were handled during a day

Arrangement was made in such a way that individual pilgrim needs to walk at most one kilometer and wait at most 2 hours

All of this was observed through closed circuit video

In addition to all this, mass transit was arranged so pilgrims can get to the major points of interest in Ujjain itself after their bath

For big concern like Terrorism attack, 15000 police, that’s an entire army division, including 25 commando teams were provided

Event Management for April, 2004 (Cont…)

Solapur IRDP

MSRDC is executing works of construction of roads and junction improvement under IRDP

The VIP road constructed as a model road Plants which grow thick but not tall are provided to

avoid glare of headlights of incoming vehicles Also flowering plants which grow tall particularly on

either side of the road for improved aesthetics are also provided

Road Side Amenities

Road Side Amenities

Footpath

Arboriculture

Landscaping

Benches, Shelters, Drinking Water

Toilets, Dust bins, etc.

Footpath or Side Walks Provided in urban areas when the vehicular as

well as pedestrian traffic are heavy, to provide protection to pedestrians and to decrease accidents

Side walks are generally provided on either side of the road and the minimum width should be 1.5 m and the width may be increased based on the pedestrian traffic volume

Provided with a surface as smooth as or even smoother than the adjacent traffic lane as to induce the pedestrian to keep on to the footpath

Typical Cross Section of Urban Road

Arboriculture

Important aspects in road side development Trees provided on both sides of urban and rural

road serve the following purposes:

To provide attractive landscape of road sidesTo provide shade to the road usersTo protect against moving sand in desert areasTo provide fruit bearing trees and timberTo intercept the annoying sound waves and fumes

from road vehicles

Arboriculture (Cont…) In urban areas, the road side planting is mainly for

the beauty or the landscape and therefore, tests of ornamental and flowering species are generally preferred

On wide urban roads, the planting of shrubs is done on the medians or separators besides providing trees on road sides

It is desired that the crowns of the trees planted on both sides of a road do not cover the complete carriageway

Landscaping

Landscape Planning is concerned with the demographic, aesthetic, ecological and functional aspects of land use

Includes architecture design, site planning, estate development, environmental restoration, park and recreation planning, and historic preservation

Principles of Landscaping

Should help to preserve pleasing and aesthetically valuable features

The road should follow the natural terrain and harmoniously blend with it

Medians and rotary islands should be provided with flowering shrubs and plants

Turfing or shoulders and slopes should be provided with flowering shrubs and plants

Typical Cross Section of Urban Road with Footpath and Landscaping

Mumbai Pune Expressway

Mumbai Pune Expressway

Traffic Management

Traffic Management Objectives of traffic management are to make

productive use of road capacity and maximize safety

It includes measures to manage the supply of road space aimed at improving road capacity and/or quality and/or safety

Seeks to adjust, adapt, manage and improve the transport system to meet specified objectives

Objectives of Traffic Management Facilitate and enable travel of people with ease,

efficiency and safety Optimize system capacity (road and operating

systems) Maximize safety Provide priority for public mass transport (bus)

system Facilitate convenient and safe movement of

pedestrians and non-motorised vehicles Minimize environmental pollution due to traffic

Traffic Management Techniques Traffic circulation system Traffic control system Priority for public transport Pedestrian facilities Parking policy Accident care and incident management Installation of traffic signs and lane markings Improved street lighting Road pricing

Traffic Circulation System

The master plan for road links is to be developed to required lane widths as per estimated traffic volumes

The circulation system along them need to be re-organized introducing one-ways, no way be mode type by time period, turning movements restrictions at intersections etc. to minimize conflicts, increase capacity and maximize safety

Traffic Control System

The directional movements of vehicles and pedestrians need to be regulated

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) need to be installed to regulate traffic based on real time flows

Control systems need to accord priority for public transport modes

They must be enable easy, convenient and safe movement of pedestrians

Use of ITS

For ensuring safetyUsing high resolution cameraRoad side detectorsVariable message signs

For improving the transport facilityBy providing real time arrival information system of

transit busesAccident avoidance systems at turning pointsIncident management systems

High Resolution Camera

Intelligent Traffic Lights

Priority for Public Mass Transport

High occupancy vehicles (HOVs), in particular buses, need to be given priority

Objectives are to improve operational efficiency of the bus system, reduce travel time to bus users, promote modal shift to bus system, increase safety and reduce environmental pollution

Parking Facilities

In roadway transportation system, parking facilities form the terminal

Parking facilities can be either on-street or off-streetOn street: spaces near the sides of the roads where

vehicles are allowed to parkOff street: spaces away from the main thoroughfare

and connected to it through a service road

On-street Parking: Straight Parking

On-street Parking: Skew Parking

Off-street Parking

Parking Demand Generated by the land use pattern in the vicinity This is an important variable as the average

duration of parking gives an idea as to how frequently the same parking space can be used for parking different vehicles

IRC:SP:12-1973 Recommendations:For shops and markets, one parking space

should be provided for every 80 sq.m of floor areaFor apartment houses (flats), one parking space

for every two flats of 50 to 99 sq.m area

Traffic Control Devices

Traffic Control Devices

Signs, including Variable Message Signs (VMS) Signals Markings Street lighting

Road signs

Proper road signs aid the drivers in reaching their destinations safely and efficiently

Properly designated road signs improve safety by:Instructing drivers on safe speedsInforming drivers on impending changes in road

geometryReducing driver confusion through clear signs on

allowable traffic movement patterns

Categories of Traffic signs

Regulatory signs: meant to inform the road users of certain laws, regulations and prohibitions

Warning signs: used to warn the road users to certain hazardous conditions that exist on or adjacent to the roadway

Informatory signs: used to guide the road users along routes, inform them of destination and distance and provide with information to make travel easier, safe and pleasant

Variable Message Signs (VMS) Traffic control devices used to provide motorists en-

route traveler information The information is most often displayed in real-time

and can be controlled either from a remote centralized location or locally at the site

designed to affect motorist behavior to improve traffic flow and operations

The objective of providing the information is to allow the motorist time to avoid an incident, prepare for unavoidable conditions, or to give travel directions

VMS

Highway VMS

Urban Signs

Traffic Signals Control devices which could alternatively direct the

traffic to sop and proceed at intersections Traffic control signals:

Fixed time signalManually operated signalSmart Traffic Signals – or technically “Intelligent

Transportation systems” – can actually sense when traffic volume are increasing and can adjust timing of their lights accordingly

Pedestrian signal Special traffic signal

Smart Traffic Signals

Road/traffic Markings Made of lines, patterns, words, symbols or

reflectors on the pavement, kerbs, sides of islands or on the fixed objects within or near the roadway

Also called special signs intended to control, warn, guide or regulate the traffic

The markings are made using paints in contrast with color and brightness of the pavement

Light reflecting paints are commonly used for traffic markings

Street Lighting

Street Lighting is an important way of increasing road safety at night

It also improves the quality of life for residents by deterring crime and making people more secure

For safe night driving, it may be considered as an added facility to the road users

Lighting Layouts Single side lighting: economical to install, but

suitable only for narrow roads Staggered lighting (both sides): adopted for wider

roads with three or more lanes Central lighting: adopted for wider roads with three

or more lanes

Note: spacing of the lights is decided based on location, lamp size, height of mounting and lighting requirements

Spacing 30 to 60m

Single Side Lighting

Staggered Lighting

Central Lighting

Parking Management

Parking Management

Includes a variety of strategies that encourage more efficient use of existing parking facilities, improve the quality of service provided to parking facility users and improve parking facility design

Address a wide range of transportation problems, and help achieve a variety of transportation, land use development, economic, environmental objectives. Specific Parking Management strategies

Parking Management Strategies Shared parking: parking spaces are shared by

more than one user, allowing facilities to be used more efficiently

Regulate parking facility use: More convenient and visible parking spaces are managed and regulated to give priority to higher-value trips, increase efficiency and user convenience

Parking maximums: Establish maximum in addition or instead of minimum parking standards to avoid excessive parking supply

Parking Management Strategies (Cont…)

Remote parking: Encouraging longer-term parkers to use off-site or fringe parking facilities, so more convenient spaces are available for priority users

Improving User Information and Marketing: Provide convenient and accurate information on parking availability and price, using maps, signs, brochures and electronic communication

Improved Walkability: Improve pedestrian conditions to allow parkers to conveniently access more parking facilities, increasing the functional supply in an area

Increase Capacity of Existing Parking Facilities: More parking spaces can sometimes be provided by using currently wasted space, sizing spaces for smaller vehicles and motorcycles, and using car stackers

Parking Management Strategies (Cont…)

Parking pricing: Charge motorists directly for using parking facilities, and set fees to encourage efficient use of parking facilities

Parking Facility Design and Management: Improved parking facility design to address safety, stormwater management, user comfort, security and aesthetic objectives

Parking Management Strategies (Cont…)

Typical Traffic Management PracticesLarge City Small City Town/Suburb

Commercial center, on-street

Priced: high hourly ratesRegulation: some loading

spaces with short time limits

Priced: medium ratesRegulation: 1-2 hour time

limit

Regulation: 1-3 hour time limit

Commercial center, Public off-street

Priced: high hourly, daily and monthly rates

Priced: medium hourly, daily and monthly rates

Regulation: sometimes 1 hour free to customers

Priced: low monthly ratesRegulation: 2-3 hour time

limit

Commercial center, Private off-street

Priced: High daily and monthly rates

Priced: Medium daily and monthly rates

Regulation: free to qualifying customers and

employees

Priced: low monthly ratesRegulation: free to

customers and employees

Near commercial center, On-street

Regulation: 1-3 hour Regulation: 1-4 hour Unregulated

Residential Neighborhood, On-

street

Regulation: “Residents only”, which may involve

permits

Unregulated Unregulated

Near special attractions (schools, parks,

theatres, etc

Regulation: “Residents only”, Special

management and enforcement during busy

time periods

Regulation: “Residents only”, Special

management and enforcement during busy

time periods

Regulation: “Residents only”, Special

management and enforcement during busy

time periods

Conclusion

ConclusionFor event which is going to happen in Nanded in 2008

Identify the corridors which is leading to the centre of major events

Increase the capacity of these corridors by widening the roads based on expected traffic and with proper geometric design

Do proper parking management with increasing capacity the existing parking facilities and also provide new parking facilities by considering parking demand

Conclusion (Cont…) Provide suitable traffic controlling devices to control,

regulate, and guide traffic and pedestrians Wherever possible, provide variable message signs

(VMS) at important locations Provide facilities like benches, shelters, drinking

water, toilets, dust bins, etc. for the pilgrims who are visiting the event

Also to take care of terrorist attack, adequate police force should be provided along with commando teams (can take help from army divisions)

References

References

IRC:93-1985 Guidelines on Design and Installation of Road Traffic Signals

IRC:SP:32-1988 Road Safety for Children IRC:SP:44-1994 Highway Safety Code MORT&H Manual for Safety in Road Design IRC:67-2001 Code of Practice for Road Signs IRC:79-1981 Recommended Practice for Road

Delineators

References

IRC:SP:31-1992 New Traffic Signs IRC:30-1968 Standard Letters and Numerals of

Different Heights for Use on Highway Signs IRC:35-1997 Code of Practice for Road Markings

(with paints) IRC:SP:43-1994 Guidelines on Low-Cost Traffic

Management Technique for Urban Areas IRC:11-1962 Recommended Practice for the Design

and Layout of Bicycles

References

IRC:99-1988 Tentative Guidelines on the Provision of Speed Breakers for Control of Vehicular Speeds on Minor roads

IRC:103-1988 Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities IRC:SP:12-1973 Tentative Recommendations on the

Provision of Parking Spaces for Urban Areas

Transportation Systems EngineeringDepartment of Civil Engineering

IIT Bombay

Thank You