An Introduction to CITRIS

CITRIS in Asia, April 2006

S. Shankar Sastry, Director; Dr. Gary Baldwin, Exec Dir. Co­Dirs: Patrick Mantey UCSC, Jeff Wright UCM, Ben Yoo UCD Chief Scientists: Paul Wright UCB & lead, Alex Peng UCSC, German Gavilan, UCM

2 CITRIS Update

What is CITRIS? § Collaborative effort with: § UC Berkeley, UC Davis, UC Merced, UC Santa Cruz, LBNL, LLNL

§ Three other centers: § QB3 (Quantum Biology, Biomedicine) § Cal IT 2 (Information and Communications) § CNSI (Nanotechnology)

§ CITRIS is a Center of Centers § CITRIS focuses on using IT to provide solutions to grand­

challenge social and commercial problems affecting the quality of life of Californians and people around the world

§ Many industrial partners § Significant State and private support

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State of Technology Research

§ A period of tremendous advances in the 20 th century: automotive, aerospace, nuclear, micro­electronics, communications and computing, the world wide web, photonics, MEMS § Technology push continues apace § Information Technology § Nano­technologies § Bio­technologies § Convergence of computing and communications § Neuronal and other human machine interfaces

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Many New Challenges Abound

§ Technology is now poised to reach outwards to bring technology in at least three different areas: § Social Sciences: especially Business, Law, Public Policy § Biological Sciences: especially Molecular and Cell Biology, Surgical and Clinical Departments, Neuronal technologies and imaging, Psychology, and Prosthetics, Public Health § Physical Sciences: especially Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics, Statistics

§ Big challenges are in multi­disciplinary projects § Aspirations of the technology community in terms of impact have grown: bigger projects, seeing projects through incubation to uptake by industry and society

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Societal Needs § New (technologically enabled) Critical Infrastructures § Transportation § Water § Electricity § Cyber, financial, e­government § Oil and Gas

§ Energy § Renewable Sources: solar, hydrogen, bio­fuels § Distribution: decentralization § Consumption, HVAC, ...

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Societal Needs

§ Health Care § Rapid bug to drug § Better sensing and monitoring § Better delivery of health care using ICT § Telemedicine/telesurgery § Tissue Engineering/Prosthetics

§ Homeland Security § Less vulnerable and recoverable infrastructures § Command and control for reconstituting damaged infrastructures § Security with privacy in information exchange and gathering

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Societal Needs

§ Environmental § Unmanned vehicles (UXVs) § ICT for Agriculture § Water Resource Management

§ Data Storage, Query and Retrieval § “Semantic Web” § Multi­modal data annotation, query § Search beyond Google § Data integrity, provenance and privacy

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Research Research Centers Centers

Research Research Faculty Faculty

Industrial Industrial Partners Partners

Students Students

CITRIS is like an Umbrella . . . CITRIS is like an Umbrella . . . CITRIS is like an Umbrella . . .

. . . with many members and affiliates

> 30 > 60 > 200 Hundreds

State State Agencies Agencies

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Founding Corporate Members Founding Corporate Members

Associate Corporate Members Associate Corporate Members

Platinum Corporate Members Platinum Corporate Members New New major major donors in donors in

2005 2005

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A partial list of Collaborative and Affiliate­center industrial members.

See for complete list. www.citris­uc.org

Many other partners

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CITRIS Building Construction Update

The design for a finished structure The design for a finished structure

What it looks like today What it looks like today

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CITRIS is a testbed of testbeds

CITRIS­Network

Millennium Cluster

WLAN / Bluetooth Pager

Motorola Pagewriter 2000

Visualization Human Centered Computing

H.323 GW

Environmental Monitoring

Smart Dust

Wearable Displays

Smart Building

Smart Classroom

Earthquake Engineering

Sensor Network Tiny OS

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The CITRIS Nanofabrication Center § enabling nanoscale devices and materials § addressing integration of nano­micro­macro systems

Storage

Si Memory Devices

Integration Nanotube + CMOS

Si gate Si 0.75 Ge 0.25 gate

Si Si

HfO 2 HfO 2

2 nm

SiN

Poly­Si (II)

Poly­Si (I)

Cross Sectional Views Cross Sectional Views

Energy Conversion Biofuel cell with nano PEM

Medical Diagnostics Nanogap biosensor

Nano Photonics Nano CMOS High k gate dielectric

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Philosophy of Nano Fab laboratory

§ Research facility, not a production facility § Focus on 90 nm, 8 inch tools, but use to build much finer geometries eg., 8 nm FINFETs, 3 nm Ge coating on Si substrate § Exotic and experimental processes: can be used by start­ups that cannot afford fabs and companies wishing to explore non production materials § Will be a good counterpart to the Molecular Foundry laboratory, which has more niche processes. § We have had 20+ years of operating Microfab lab with break even financing and with 3­4 generations of donated equipment from Applied Materials, Lam Research, HP, Intel, etc.

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CNSI­CITRIS­STANFORD initiative: Western Institute of Nanoelectronics

§ Partnership between CNSI (Kang Wang, UCLA), CITRIS (Jeff Bokor, UCB), Stanford (Jim Harris). § Intel, IBM, Texas Instruments, AMD, Freescale, Micron recognize the end of the roadmap at 22 nm node or may be one more node in 2018: are looking at the newest technologies. Formed Nano­ Electronics Research Corporation (NERC), like SRC. § WIN is the West coast counterpart of the SUNY, Buffalo Nanoelectronics Center (now including Cornell, MIT, Harvard, GaTech). § Initial WIN focus on spintronics, but industry leveraging all of the Federal Nanotech initiative § NERC grant $ 2.38 M, Intel grant $ 2 M, UC Discovery grant $ 3.84 M, Intel equipment donation $ 10 M over 4 years.

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State of CITRIS

§ CITRIS has spawned a lot of centers and has really populated the big bang vision (post high performance computing and Internet) for Information Technology § There are good societal scale application drivers § Energy § Environment § Rapidly­deployable Infrastructures for the Third World § Water

§ Tech Push activity is proceeding apace § Sensor Webs and Beyond § Cybersecurity and TRUST § Confluence of Computing and Communications (Wireless­X) § Embedded Systems § Synthetic and Systems Biology

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CITRIS Centers to Date § Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center § Berkeley Wireless Research Center § Berkeley Institute for Soft Computing § Center for Hybrid and Embedded Systems

and Software § Wireless Research Foundations § Wireless EmBedded Systems § Berkeley Institute of Design § Berkeley Quantum Information and

Computation Center § Davis Center for Genomics § UCSC led ARO_MURI Dynamic Ad­Hoc

Wireless Networks (DAWN) § UCSC led ONR­MURI Thermionic Energy

Conversion Center § UC Davis led Optical Networking center § Process Informatics Model (PRIME)

§ Davis Optical Networking Center § Davis Biophotonics Center § UCSC Environmental Monitoring Center § Davis Computational Science Center § Merced Energy/Water Initiative § Davis + Berkeley Cybersecurity (DETER +

EMIST) § UCSC Storage Center § Center for Intelligent Systems § Information and Communication

Technologies for the Third World ICT4B § CONSRT (Opto­Nano Electronics Center) § COINS (Nano MEMS Center) § PrIMe (Process Informatics Infrastructure) § TRUST (Team for Research in Ubiquitous

Secure Technologies) § WIN (Western Nanotechnology Institute)

*Those listed in blue added since CITRIS inception

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On­going CITRIS Centers § Berkeley Wireless Research Center § Robert Brodersen, Jan Rabaey, Bora Nikolic, Ali Niknejad, Paul Wright

§ Focus on single chip radios

§ SIA/DARPA MARCO Pederson Design Center § Richard Newton and Jan Rabaey § Design for deep submicron technologies

§ Wireless Foundations § Tse, Ramachandran, Sahai, Gastpar, Anantharam, Wainwright

§ Spectrum Usage

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Sample New CITRIS Centers Sample New CITRIS Centers § Center for Hybrid and Embedded Systems

and Software (CHESS) § Henzinger, Lee, Sangiovanni, Sastry,

Tomlin

§ Center for Intelligent Systems (CIS) § Bajcsy, El Ghaoui, Jordan, Malik,

Russell, Sastry

§ Sensorwebs and Smart Dust (WEBS/CENS) § Brewer, Culler, Pister, Rabaey, Sastry,

Wagner, Wright, …

§ Team for Research in Ubiquitous Secure Systems (TRUST) § Bajcsy, Joseph, Samuelson, Sastry,

Tygar. Wagner

§ Nanofabrication Laboratory § Bokor, Hu, King

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Sample New CITRIS Centers

•Air Quality Research Center

­­ Wexler

•Virtual California: Forecasting the next earthquake

­­ Rundle

•Bio­photonics Center: UC Davis led

•Optical Arbitrary Waveform Generation

­­ Yoo and Ippen (MIT)

• Monitoring California steel head and krill population

­­ Mangel and Sogard

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Mote Evolution

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Building Comfort, Smart Alarms

Great Duck Island

Elder Care

Fire Response

Factories

Wind Response Of Golden Gate Bridge

Vineyards

Redwoods

Instrumenting the world

Soil monitoring

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An update on Power Monitoring: An update on Power Monitoring: The Demand Response (DR) Project

California Energy Commission (CEC)

What kinds of technology do you need so that your utility can send you a price signal every 15 minutes?

§ Small cheap radios (we call them PicoRadios) § Small cheap sensors to measure temperature etc. that are made by our Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center § Small cheap computers not running conventional PC OS but a tiny operating system to run thermostats etc. (TinyOS) § How to control your appliances from wireless signals § Try to run all this without batteries (energy scavenging)

Source: Prof. Paul Wright

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1. New Thermostat with touchpad shows price of electricity in ¢/kWhr + expected monthly bill. *Automatic adjustment of HVAC price/comfort. *Appliance nodes glow­colors based on price. 2. New Meter conveys real­time usage, back to

service provider 3. Wireless beacons (smart dust) throughout the house

allow for fine grained comfort/control

Incoming price signals

Appliance lights show price level & appliances powered­down

Vision: Demand Response in a CA “smart house”

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CITRIS Operational Model Funnel of Ideas

Selected research topics for emphasis

• What’s the goal? • How done today, limits of current practice? • What’s new in your approach, why do you think it will be successful? • Who cares? What difference will it make? • Risks and payoffs? • How much will it cost? How long will it take? • Midterm and final success metrics?

• Compelling alignment with CITRIS mission • Passionate champion or champions • Strong element of IT, broadly defined • Chance at making big impact

(backed by data) • Support of existing and potential CITRIS

Corporate Sponsors

CITRIS Executive Committee

Filter (based on well­

defined “Heilmeier” style catechism)

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Major New Research Grants: TRUST

§ PI: Shankar Sastry § Co PIs: Reiter (CMU), Wicker (Cornell), Mitchell (Stanford), Sztipanovits (Vanderbilt)

§ Also SJSU, Smith, Mills § Operate Through Attacks § Cybersecurity, Economic, Social and Privacy Considerations, Composition of Trust (building complex systems)

§ Initial focus on two key infrastructures: financial, electric power (SCADA)

TRUST

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§ SiCTAPS § PI: Albert Pisano § Co PI: M. Wijesundara

• Creation of extreme harsh environment TAPS sensors on a single chip (Temperature, Acceleration, Pressure, and Strain)

• Three distinct SiC deposition processes with descending thermal budget (Electronics­1200°C, MEMS­800°C, Encapsulation­450°C)

• All SiC technology, i.e. electronics, MEMS and encapsulation

P3:amorphous SiC (Encapsulation)

P2: Poly 3C­SiC (MEMS Structures)

P1: Epitaxial 6H­SiC (SiC Electronics)

6H­SiC (Substrate)

Major New Research Grants: SiTAPS

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Major New Research Grants: COINS C Center enter o of f I Integrated ntegrated N Nanomechanical anomechanical S Systems ystems

An NSF An NSF Nanoscale Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center Science and Engineering Center

• • Enabling interdisciplinary invention, understanding, and Enabling interdisciplinary invention, understanding, and construction of technologically relevant integrated nano construction of technologically relevant integrated nano­ ­ mechanical systems. mechanical systems. • • COINS is one of six COINS is one of six Nanoscale Nanoscale Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Centers across the country funded by the NSF. Centers across the country funded by the NSF. • • Researchers from UC Merced, Stanford University , Researchers from UC Merced, Stanford University , and the California Institute of Technology, as well as CITRIS and the California Institute of Technology, as well as CITRIS

§ COINS § PI: Alex Zettl § Co PIs: many!

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NEW MAJOR GRANTS: CONSRT NEW MAJOR GRANTS: CONSRT

C Center for enter for O Optoelectronic ptoelectronic N Nanostructured anostructured S Semiconducto emiconductoR R T Technology echnology

• • To advance To advance nanostructured nanostructured optoelectronic materials and optoelectronic materials and devices to enable breakthrough functionalities in sensing, devices to enable breakthrough functionalities in sensing, imaging, processing and communication imaging, processing and communication microsystems microsystems with with greatly reduced power, size, and weight. greatly reduced power, size, and weight. • • Applications in intelligent autonomous platforms for environmen Applications in intelligent autonomous platforms for environment, t, infrastructure and resources monitoring and control; massive infrastructure and resources monitoring and control; massive information acquisition, processing and delivery; and efficie information acquisition, processing and delivery; and efficiency ncy solar energy conversion. solar energy conversion.

§ PI: Connie Chang­Hasnain § Co PIs: Alex Zettl, Ming Wu, Peidong Yang § DARPA: $ 6.5 million over 4 years

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Major New Grant: Optical Arbitrary Waveform Generation § Partnership between MIT, UC Davis, and Industry Partners (Multiplex, Inphi, Inplane). § DARPA $9.5 Million over 3.5 years. § Ben Yoo’s research group will use technology invented at UC Davis to design, build and test thumbnail­sized chips that can potentially encode data at rates up to 100 terahertz, 10 thousand times faster than devices currently available. The MIT group, led by Erich Ippen, will build devices to generate the high­frequency carrier wave. § The project will allow ultra high­speed communications, remote sensing, and imaging

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STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS

§ Changing Face of Information Technology: Need to harvest into the IT substrate § Best of nano­technologies § Best of synthetic, systems and other molecular bio­ technologies § Best of neuro­technologies

§ Developing Strategic Plan for Societal Scale Challenges in § Health Care Delivery § Energy and Environment (joint with Helios, LBNL) § Services Sciences and Technology

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DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE

§ Focus on Better Delivery of Health Care through technology: “Engineering Better Health Care”. § The CITRIS advantage § Exquisite Sensing Technologies: low sample size, pre­ symptomatic detection of disease § Wireless portals for integrating sensing of environment, bodily functions (heartbeat, BP, blood analysis) § Security, Privacy, Search Technologies for High Confidence Medical Devices and Systems § Partnership with FinnWell, Danish Health, …

§ Strategy: network of grants from NIH/NSF with initial deployments targeting chronically ill and elderly populations. Connection I in Berkeley, Dec 2004, Connections II in Tampere, Jan 2005, Connections III, Berkeley, Aug 2005

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World Age from 2002­2050 Population Over 60: 10 % à 21%

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Fall Detector

Berkeley Mote

RS­232

RS­232

E.g. Bluetooth Sender

E.g. Bluetooth Sender

Berkeley Mote

Sensors

Zigbee

Sensors

Mobile Gateway

Home Health System

Mobile Phone

Integrated Camera

Internet and/or

telephone

Berkeley Motes

Hospital

Terminal, WLAN

ITALH (information Technology for Assisted Living at Home)

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§ Fundamental to maintaining privacy in the project is the embedding of data processing in the sensors § Information will not be streamed over the Internet nor the local wireless network as a rule § This reduces bandwidth requirements § And (more importantly) maintains privacy

§ Streamed data can be requested, e.g.: § Remote check­in via camera § Current signal data such as ECG, fall sensors, blood oxygen, etc.

Security and Privacy: Embedding

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Virtual California: Forecasting the Next Great Earthquake

§ The Virtual California approach to earthquake forecasting is similar to the computer models used for weather forecasting. PI is John Rundle, director of the UC Davis Computational Science and Engineering Center § The researchers used the model to simulate 40,000 years of earthquakes in California. They found almost 400 major (magnitude 7 or above) earthquakes at an average interval of 101 years. The simulation data indicates a 25 percent chance of another such earthquake in the next 20 years, a 50 percent chance in the next 45 years and a 75 percent chance by 2086.

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Services: Science, Engineering, and Management

§ Educational Program: Certificate Program and MS capstone experience with SIMS and Business: modeled after Management of Technology Program § Staff: identified Exec Director Ravi Nemana and faculty leads in Engineering/SIMS/Business § Aligned Research Activities § Center for Search and Distributed Information Management (to be developed) § TRUST (just kicked off) § ICT4B § Adaptive Network Infrastructure (transportation, water, energy) § Delivery of Health Care Services

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Tech Push: Center for Intelligent Systems

Center for Intelligent Systems. § To date funding has been primarily DoD (robotics and some learning) § Scope of agenda is very large: § Statistical Learning: supervised and unsupervised § Augmentation of perceptive abilities, memory, cognition § Statistical Methods for Massive Searches: “looking for the unknown” § Recovery Oriented Computing and Autonomic Systems Administration

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Educational Initiatives

§ Certificate Programs / 5 th Year MS specializations § Management of Technology § Service Science, Engineering and Management § Entrepreneurship and Innovation § Technology and Law

§ Pre­business plan student entrepreneurship competitions § Technology for the Developing World § Technology Peace Corps § Student Clubs in emerging areas of technology: § synthetic biology, § environmental monitoring, § disaster response, § spectrum usage, § energy generation and use policy

41 CITRIS Update

Acknowledgement and Thank You! § Mr. Mazakazu Toyoda, Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI) § Dr. Taizo Nishikawa, Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI) § Mr. Hidehiro Yokoo, Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI) § Mr. Hiroshi Ishikawa, Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI) § Mr. Akira Amemiya, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) § Mr. Nobuya Tahata, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) § Mr. Hirofumi Shimada, Nippon Comsys Corp. § Dr. Katuhiro Shimohigashi, Semiconductor Technology Academic Research Corporation

(STARC)

§ Dr. Jun Ueda, Semiconductor Industry Research Institute Japan (SIRIJ) § Mr. Hiroshi Nakagawa, Japan Electronics & Information Technology Industries Association

(JEITA)

§ Mr. Koki Inoue, Economic Research Institute, JSPMI § Mr. Hiroyuki Katano, Society of Semiconductor Industry Seniors § Mr. Tadao Kimura, Cal Japan Alumni Association § Mr. Norio Ueno, Energy News, Inc. § Mr. Richard Silver, Japan Society of Northern California