Citing Sources

A brief guide

Research Writing Tips

Mrs. Morrell

Assignment Information

Following this PowerPoint presentation, you should be able to submit three different kinds of note cards:– A note card using a quotation from a source.– A note card paraphrasing information from a

source.– A note card with brief notes which may be later

translated into your text.

Why Cite?

To share the academic conversation

To promote ethical responsibilityBecause I said so!!!

What Source Cards Look Like---

Source Card Requirement!

Each of your sources must be fully documented on a source card, a.k.a. the bibliography card.

So, # of sources = # of source cards

What notecards look like---

What you will document in your paper

Direct quotes, both entire sentences and phrases (follow the rule of seven)

Paraphrases (rephrased or summarized material)

Words specific or unique to the author's research, theories, or ideas

Use of an author’s thoughts Historical, statistical, or scientific facts

Parenthetical Citation

Parenthetical citation to reference sources within the text of your research paper, noting the author's last name and page number.

It looks like this: (Gunther 45) Within the text of your paper, this is what you

might write: Andersen’s Fairy Tales provides interesting stories for children with violent overtones (Gunther 45).

Attribution

You may also attribute the work your quote or cite directly to the author in the text of your sentence.

EX: Alan Bacomb, Purdue University Professor of Literature, says, “Graphic novels provide the same kinds of imagery in text and visual form as does the more traditional text-only genre” (par 3).

Notecards with Direct Quotes

This material is taken word-for-word from the original source. Note the quotation marks!

EX: “Graphic novels provide the same kinds of imagery in text and visual form as does the more traditional text-only genre” (Bacomb par 3).

Notecards that Paraphrase

When paraphrasing, you change the wording – that is, reword it in your own language style -- without changing the meaning of the original.

EX: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/619/01/

Bookmark this!!.

Notecards that List Ideas

Notecards that are NOT quotes or paraphrases, preferably containing only bulleted or short summary information are MOST USEFUL when writing your paper.

REMEMBER: ONE IDEA PER CARD!!

Writing Content Advice

Design your paper so that less than 10% of the work in quoted, and less than 30% of the work is attributed to other sources. In other words, 70% of your paper should be your own thinking!!

Therefore, take MOST of your notecards in outline or bullet form.

Be Prepared

Show notecards as you conference with your instructor

Always list the source on each notecard – save yourself from remapping your journey.

Take more notes than you think you may use – more than you need is better than not enough.