CITES IUCN Listing Part (s) Medicinal Alternatives ... · / Calculus Bovis Red List 2000 - EN Gall stone Heart, Liver Bovidae1 Saiga tatarica Saiga Antelope / Cornu Antelopis II Red

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 1

AC17 Inf. 5(English only/ Solamente en inglés/ Seulement en anglais)

List of animal species used in traditional medicine(submitted by IFAW)

Family Name Scientific Name Common andPharmacopeia Name(s)

CITESAppendix

IUCN Listing Part (s)Used

MedicinalUse (s)

Alternativesand notes

Accipitridae spp.17 Hawks I/II

Accipitridae13 Aquila chrysaetoskamtschatica

Vulture / Aquilae II Bone

Accipitridae13 Circus cyaneus Sparrow Hawk / CirciCyanei

II/III Head, flesh,bone

Accipitridae23 Terathopius ecaudatus Bateleur II Unspecified;whole carcass

Protectivecharm andcauses storms;great power tothe practioners

Acipenseridae13 Acipenser sinensis Chinese Sturgeon orPaddlefish / AcipenserSinensis

II Red List 2000 -EN

Fish, bladder Spleen, liver Psephurusgladius

Acipenseridae13 Huso dauricus Siberian HusoSturgeon / HusoDauricus


Fish, liver Spleen, liver

Alcedinidae13 Alcedo atthis bengalensis Kingfisher / AlcedoAtthis Bengalensis

Whole body

Anatidae13 Aix galericulata Mandarin Duck /Aicis Galericulata

Red List 1996 -LR/nt

Flesh

Anatidae13 Anas platyrhynchos Mallard / AnasPlatyrhynchos

Flesh, feather Spleen,stomach, lung,kidney

Anatidae13 Cairina moschata Muscovy Duck /Carnis CairinaMoschata

III Flesh

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 2

Anatidae13 Cygnus cygnus Swan / Cygnus Fat, down Ansercygnoides, A.fabalisserrirostris

Ardeidae13 Egretta garzetta Egret / EgrettaGarzetta

III Flesh

Bovidae1 In some parts of ChinaBubalus bubalis L. (waterbuffalo) is used

Buffalo, Water Buffalo/ Calculus Bovis

Red List 2000 -EN

Gall stone Heart, Liver

Bovidae1 Saiga tatarica Saiga Antelope /Cornu Antelopis

II Red List 2000 -LR/nt

Horn Heart, Liver Goat horn,CornuNaemorhedis

Bovidae13 Bos grunniens Yak / Cornu BovisGrunniens

Red List 2000 -VU

Horn Bos taurusdomesticus G.

Bovidae13 Bubalus bubalis Bull / Testis etScrotum Bovis seuBubali

Red List 2000 -EN

Testicle andscrotum

Bovidae13 Capricornis sumatraensis Serows / OsCapricornissumatraensis

Red List 2000 -VU

Bone

Bovidae13 Nemorhaedus goral Goral Mutton / AdepsGoral


Fat

Bovidae13 Nemorhaedus goral Goral Mutton / CarnisNaemorhedi


Flesh

Bovidae13 Nemorhaedus goral Goral Mutton / CornuGoral


Horn

Bovidae13 Nemorhaedus goral Goral Mutton / HeparGoral


liver

Bovidae13 Nemorhaedus goral Goral Mutton /Sanguis Naemorhedi


Blood Heart, liver

Bovidae13 Procapra gutturosa Mongolian Gazelle /Procapra Gutturosae


Mutton,horn, fat

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 3

Bovidae14 Bubalus bubalis Buffalo / CornuBubali

Red List 2000 -EN

Horn Heart and liver

Bovidae16 Bos mutus Wild Yak I Horn Cures tumorsand giveswarmth to thebody

Bovidae16 Bos mutus Wild Yak I Blood Preventdiarrhoea

Bovidae16 Saiga tatarica Saiga Antelope II Red List 2000 -LR/nt

Horn Assist easybirth

Bovidae17 Bos javanicus Banteng I Red List 2000 -EN

Horn

Bovidae17 Bos Sauveli Kouprey I Red List 2000 -CR

Gall bladder

Bovidae17 Bos sauveli Kouprey I Red List 2000 -CR

Horn

Bovidae17 Bos taurus Aurochs I Bone, Gallbladder

Bovidae17 Bos taurus Aurochs I Horn

Bovidae17 Bos taurus Aurochs I

Bovidae17 Bubalus arnee Buffalo III Gall bladder

Bovidae17 Bubalus arnee Buffalo III Horn

Bovidae17 Budorcas taxicolor Takin II Red List 2000 -VU

Horn

Bovidae17 Nemorhaedus I Red List 2000 -LR/nt

Horn

Bovidae17 Nemorhaedussumatranensis

Gorals I Blood


Gorals I Gall bladder


Gorals I Hoof/foot

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 4


Gorals I Horn


Gorals I Intestine


Gorals I Oil


Gorals I Skin, teelth


Gorals I Skull


Horn


Bovidae20,22,23 Cephalophus monticola Blue Duiker II Red List 2000 -LR/lc

Bovidae20,22,23 Sylvicapra grimmia Common Duiker Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Bovidae20,23 Cephalophus monticola Blue Duiker II Red List 2000 -LR/lc

Bovidae20,23 Raphicerus melanotis Cape Grysbok Red List 2000 -LR/cd

Bovidae20,23 Tragelaphus scriptus Bushbuck Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Bovidae20,23 Tragelaphus strepsiceros Kudu Red List 2000 -LR/cd

Tail bones,pelvic girdle

Arthritis andrheumatism ofthe hip

Bovidae22 Connochaetes gnou Wildebeest Red List 2000 -LR/cd

Fat

Bovidae23 Aepyceros melampus Impala Red List 2000 -LR/cd

Bovidae23 Cephalophus natalensis Red Duiker Red List 2000 -LR/lc

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 5

Bovidae23 Neotragus moschatus Suni Red List 2000 -LR/cd

Bovidae23 Oreotragus oreatragus Klipspringer Red List 2000 -LR/cd

To treat babies

Bovidae23 Raphicerus melatonis Cape Grysbok Red List 2000 -LR/cd

Whole body Decoration

Bovidae23 Tragelaphus oryx Common Eland Red List 2000 -LR/cd

Fat; oil Charm forcattle; deterevil spirits;chest/earproblems;hunting dogcharm

Bovidae7 Bubalus bubalis Water Buffalo / Sealpenis

Red List 2000 -EN

Penis Water buffalopenis, labelledas seal penis

Bovidae8 Bubalus bubalis Water Buffalo Red List 2000 -EN

Horn Heart, Liver,Stomach

Rhinoceroshorn was theherb ofchoice forsuchconditions;butconsideringits scarcityand expense,this is thebestsubstitute

Bovidae8 Naemorhedis and spp. Antelope Red List 2000 -LR/nt

Horn Liver, heart

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 6

Bovidae9 Saiga tatarica Saiga Antelope /Cornu Saigae Tataricae


Horn Liver, heart Horn ofMongoliangazelle orlong-tailedMongoliangazelle

Bufonidae22,23 Bufo amatolicus Amatola Toad Red List 2000 -VU

Camelidae13 Camelus bactrianus Camel / Cameli Red List 2000 -EN

Hairs, flesh,fat,gallbladderstone

Camelidae13 Camelus bactrianus Camel / Lac Cameli Red List 2000 -EN

Milk

Canidae13 Canis lupus Wolf / Canitis Lupi Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Flesh, fat,thyroid

Canis familiarisL

Canidae13 Cuon alpinus Jackal / Cuon Alpini Red List 2000 -VU

Skin, flesh

Canidae13 Nyctereutes procyonoides Racoon Dog /NyctereutesProcyonodes

Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Flesh

Canidae13 Vulpes vulpes Fox / Vulpes Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Heart, head,meat, liver,intestine,gallbladder,feet

Other relativespecies in thesame genus

Canidae20,23 Vulpes chama Cape Fox Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Canidae22,23 Lycaon pictus African Hunting Dog,Wild Dog

Red List 2000 -EN

Fat

Canidae5 Canis lupus Wolf Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Bone Personalproblems andgeneralmedicinal

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 7

Canidae6 Canis lupus Gray Wolf / Seal penis Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Penis Gray wolflabelled asseal penis

Cercopithaecidae12 Colobus badiusrufomitratis C.B.tephhrosceles

Colobus Monkey II Red list 2000 -EN

Skin Spiritual Africa

Cercopithecidae spp.17 I/II Blood, bone,brain,excrement,gall bladder,skull

Cercopithecidae1 Macaca mulatta Rhesus Macaque /Calculus MacacaeMulattae


n/a Gallbladder,Heart, Liver,Lung

Cercopithecidae13 Macaca mulatta Rhesus Macaque /Macaca Mulatta


Flesh, bone Heart, liver

Cercopithecidae13 Rhinopithecus roxellana Sichuan GoldenMonkey / Adeps seuCarnis Rhinopithecus

I Red List 2000 -VU

Fat and flesh

Cercopithecidae14 Macaca mulatta Rhesus macaque /Calculus MacacaeMulattae


Stone ingallbladder

Heart, lung,liver,gallbladder

Cercopithecidae17 Macaca mulatta Rhesus Macaque II Red List 2000 -LR/nt

Cercopithecidae17 Macaca spp. Macaques II Red List 2000 -VU

Skull

Ceropithecidae20,22,23

Papio ursinus Chacma Baboon Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Bones andskin

Treatment ofarthritis,protectivecharm, courtcase charm,stickfightcharm andheadache

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 8

Cervidae13 Elaphuras davidianus Père David's Deer /Elaphuri Davidiani

Red List 2000 -CR-D

Flesh, horn,pilose antler,bone, fat

Spleen Other relativespecies

Cervidae17 Cervus eldii Thamin I Red List 2000 -VU

Antler

Cervidae17 Cervus eldii Thamin I Red List 2000 -VU

Chamaeleonidae10 various species Chameleon II Whole body Opportunisticinfections inAIDS

Phytotherapyand minerals/ Kamba,Mbeere,Rabai andDuruma

Chamaeleonidae22,23 Bradypodiondracamontanum

Drakensberg DwarfChameleon

II Whole body Preventativecharm

Chamaeleonidae22,23 Bradypodion nemorale Zululand DwarfCharmeleon


Whole body Preventativecharm

Chamaeleonidae22,23 Bradypodion setaroi Setaro's DwarfChameleon



Chamaeleonidae22,23 Bradypodion thamnobates Natal Midland DwarfChameleon



Chelonidae spp.17 I

Cheloniidae13 Caretta caretta Turtle / Caretta I Red List 2000 -EN

Blood, scaleand shell

One speciesof turtle

Cheloniidae14 Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Turtle /CarapaxEretmochelydis

I Red List 2000 -CR

Carapace Heart, liver

Cheloniidae17 Chelonia mydas Green Turtle I Red List 2000 -EN

Egg, flesh


Oil


Cheloniidae17 Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Turtle /Shell turtle

I Red List 2000 -CR

Shell

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 9

Cheloniidae17 Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Turtle /Shell turtle

I Red List 2000 -CR

Ciconiidae13 Ciconia ciconia boyciana Stork / Ciconia I Red List 2000 -EN

Flesh, bone

Cnidaria spp17 II Dead animals

Colubridae1 Elaphe taeniurus, E. carinata, or Zaocysdhumnades

Exuviae Serpentis Skin slough Liver

Colubridae1 Zaocys dhumnades Black-Striped Snake /Zaocys Dhumnades

Liver, spleen

Colubridae13 Enhydris chinensis Chinese Water Snake /Dermis Enhydris

Skin

Colubridae13 Enhydris chinensis Chinese Water Snake /Enhydris Chinensis

Whole body

Colubridae13 Ptyas korros Indo-Chinese RatSnake / Ptyas Korros

Whole body

Colubridae13 Zaocys dhumnades Garter Snake / AdepsZaocys

Fat Elaphetaeniura, E.carinata,Nartixannuleris,Dinodonrufozonatumand Bungarusmulticinctus

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 10

Colubridae13 Zaocys dhumnades Garter Snake / DermisZaocys

Skin Elaphetaeniura, E.carinata,Nartixannuleris,Dinodonrufozonatumand Bungarusmulticinctus

Colubridae13 Zaocys dhumnades Garter Snake / FelZaocys

Gall bladder Elaphetaeniura, E.carinata,Nartixannuleris,Dinodonrufozonatumand Bungarusmulticinctus

Colubridae13 Zaocys dhumnades Garter Snake / OvumZaocys

Egg Elaphetaeniura, E.carinata,Nartixannuleris,Dinodonrufozonatumand Bungarusmulticinctus

Colubridae14 Elaphe taeniura,E. carinata orZaocys dhumnades

Periostracum Serpentis Slough Liver Slough ofElaphemoellendorffi

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 11

Colubridae14 Zaocys dhumnades Garter Snake / Zaocys Whole bodywith bowelsoff

Liver, heart Elaphetaeniura, E.carinata,Nartixannuleris,Dinodonrufozonatumand Bungarusmulticinctus

Columbidae13 Columba livia Pigeon / ColumbaLivia

III Flesh, egg Liver, kidney Columba liviadomestica,Columbarupestris

Cordylidae22,23 Cordylus giganteus Giant Girdled Lizard II Red List 2000 -VU

Protectivecharm and lovecharm

Cordylidae22,23 Cordylus tropidosternumjonesii

Tropical GirdledLizard

II

Cordylidae22,23 Cordylus warreni Warren's GirdledLizard

II Maintain loveof mate

Corvidae13 Corvus moneduladauuricus

Jackdaw / CorvusMonedula

Flesh,gallbladder

Corvidae13 Pica pica sericea Magpie / Pica Flesh Liver, kidney,yangming

Crocodylidae10 Crocodilus niloticus C.osteolaemus

Crocodile I/II Gall bladder Bewitching Phytotherapy/ Pokomo,Mbeere,Kamba

Crocodylidae13 Alligator siamensis Chinese Alligator /Alligator

I Red List 2000 -CR

Scale, flesh

Crocodylidae17 Crocodylus niloticus Nile Crocodile I/II Fat, skin

Crocodylidae17 Crocodylus niloticus Nile Crocodile I/II Oil

Crocodylidae17 Crocodylus niloticus Nile Crocodile I/II

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 12

Crocodylidae17 Crocodylus siamensis Siamese Crocodile I Red List 2000 -CR

Dried penis

Crocodylidae3 Crocodylus niloticus Crocodile or Timsah I/II Feces Infusion offeces droppedinto eyes toimprove vision

Crocodylus spp.17 I/II "Lumpy"bone on topof head

Crocodylus spp.17 I/II Bile

Crocodylus spp.17 I/II Gall bladder

Crocodylus spp.17 I/II Teeth

Crocodylus spp.17 I/II

Delphinidae13 Delphinus delphis Dolphin / Carnis seuAdeps DelphiniDelphis

II Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Flesh, fat

Delphinidae22,23 Delphinus dephis Common Dolphin II Red List 2000 -LR/lc

Witchcraft;charm forcattle; charmfor crops;chest/eartreatment

Dugongidae17 Dugong dugon Dugong I/II Red List 2000 -VU

Teeth

Elapidae13 Naja naja Cobra / Naja II Whole body Liver, kidney

Elapidae17 Naja naja Indian Cobra II Body

Elapidae17 Naja naja Indian Cobra II Venom

Elapidae17 Naja spp. Indian Cobra II Red List 2000 -DD

Bile

Elapidae17 Naja spp. Indian Cobra II Red List 2000 -DD

Elapidae17 Ophiophagus hannah King Cobra II Bone

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 13

Elapidae17 Ophiophagus hannah King Cobra II

Elephantidae spp.17 I/II Red List 2000 -EN

Skin

Elephantidae spp.17 I/II Red List 2000 -EN

Elephantidae10 Loxodonta africana Elephant I/II Red List 2000 -EN

Tusk Spiritual Hard wood /Maasai,Laibons

Elephantidae13 Elephas maximus Indian Elephant /Elephatis

I Red List 2000 -EN

Tusk, hide,flesh, bone,gallbladder

Heart, kidney,urinarybladder, liver,spleen

Elephasafricanus

Elephantidae17 Elephas maximus Indian Elephant I Red List 2000 -EN

Bone


Muscle,penis, teeth,tusk, urine


Skin

Elephantidae17 Loxodonta africana African Elephant I/II Red List 2000 -EN

Excrement,fat, skin

Elephantidae17 Loxodonta africana African Elephant I/II Red List 2000 -EN

Elephantidae20,21,22,23

Laxodanta africana Elephant I/II Red List 2000 -EN

Fat and skin Buildingstrength inweak anddeficientpatients

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 14

Elephantidae20,21,22,23

Loxodonta africana Elephant I/II Red List 2000 -EN

Skin, jawboneand gallstones

Strengthenastheticpatients, attractluck and treatbarren women,love charm,charm forcattle

Elephantidae3 Loxodonta africana Elephant or Fil I/II Red List 2000 -EN

Ivory Ivory powderis applied totreat whitlow.

Emydidae17 Kachuga tecta Indian Roofel Turtle I Shell

Emydidae2 Malaclemys terrapin Terrapin Red List 2000 -LR/nt

Flesh Spiritual S. Africa

Equidae10 Equus burchelli Burchell's Zebra Red List 2000 -EX

Fat Pneumonia,asthma andcold

Phytotherapy/ Pokot andTurkana

Equidae10 Equus grevyi Grevy Zebra I Red List 2000 -EN

Fat Pneumonia,asthma andcold

Phytotherapy/ Pokot andTurkana

Equidae13 Equus przewalskii Wild Horse / CarnisEqui

I Red List 2000 -EW

Flesh

Equidae23 Equus burchelli Burchell's Zebra Red List 2000 -EX

Protectivecharm andmentaldisorders

Equidae23 Equus zebra zebra Cape Mountain Zebra I Red List 2000 -EN

Fat Protectivecharm, mentaldisorders

Erinaceidae11 Erinaceus europaeus Hedgehog Red List 1997 -LR/lc

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 15

Erinaceidae14 Erinaceus europaeus,Hemiechianus dauricus orH. auritus

Hedgehog / CoriumErimacei SeuHemiechianus

Red List 1997 -LR/lc(Erinaceuseuropaeus)

Skin Stomach, largeintestine,kidney

Erinaceidae14 Erinaceus europaeus, Hemiechianus dauricus orH. auritus

Hedgehog / FelHemiechianus

Red List 1997 -LR/lc(Erinaceuseuropaeus)

Driedgallbladder

Liver

Erinaceidae19 Erinaceus europaeus Hedgehog or Kirpi Red List 1997 -LR/lc

Meat Used to treattuberculosisandhemorrhoids.

Erinaceidae20,23 Atelerix frontalis Hedgehog Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Keep evilspirits away

Falconidae18 Falco tinnunculus Falcon II Eggs Sorcery Kikuyu

Felidae spp.17 I/II Bone

Felidae spp.17 I/II Oil

Felidae spp.17 I/II

Felidae1 Panthera tigris Tiger / Os Tigris I Red List 2000 -EN

Bone Liver, kidney Leopard - OsLeopardisdog bone -Os Canis

Felidae10 Ancinonyx jubatus Cheetah I Red List 2000 -VU

Skin Spiritual Othercarnivores /Most witchdoctors in E.Africa

Felidae10 Panthera leo Lion II Red List 2000 -VU

Feces Preventive Othercarnivores /Kamba,Mbeere

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 16



Felidae10 Panthera pardus Leopard I Red List 1996 -LR/lc


Felidae13 Panthera pardus Leopard / Pardi I Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Flesh, bone Liver, kidney Panthera uncia,Neofelisnebulosa

Felidae13 Panthera tigris Tiger / Tigris I Red List 2000 -EN

Teeth, tripe,dried bones,kidney,gallbladder,fat, eye,sinew, nail,meat

Liver, kidney Pantherapardus


Bone


Fat



Bone


Fat


Heart


Skin

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 17


Felidae17 Panthera tigris Tiger I Red List 2000 -EN

Bone


Bone paste


Bone powder


Gall bladder


Penis


Teeth


Felidae20,21,23 Panthera pardus Leopard I Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Stick fightcharm; courtcase charm sndprotectivecharm

Felidae21,22,23 Panthera leo Lion II Red List 2000 -VU

Fat Terrorisingpeople

Felidae23 Acinonyx jubatus Cheetah I Red List 2000 -VU

Fat Hunting dogcharm

Felidae23 Leptailurus serval Serval II Red List LR/lc Skin

Felidae3 Panthera leo Lion or Assad II Red List 2000 -VU

Fat Fat is smearedon the chest torelieve pain.

Felidae3 Panthera pardus Tiger or Nimr I Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Fat Fat is appliedexternally totreat paralysis.

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 18

Felidae9 Panthera tigris Tiger / Os Tigris I Red List 2000 -EN

Dried bones Liver, kidney Dried bonesof Pantherapardus

Galagonidae23 Galago moholi Mohol Galago II Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Charm for loveand athletes,fits, stop babiescrying

Giraffidae10 Giraffa camelopardalis Reticulated Giraffe Red List 2000 -LR/cd

Tail Headache Phytotherapy/ Mbeere

Giraffidae22 Girraffa camelopardalis Giraffe Red List 2000 -LR/cd

Fat;unspecified

Mixed withherbs andcures differentdiseases; loveand protectivecharm

Gruidae13 Grus japonensis Red-crowned Crane /Grus Japonensis

I Red List 2000 -EN

Flesh, bone,brain

Hippopotamidae17 Hippopotamus amphibius Hippopotomus II Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Fat

Hippopotamidae17 Hippopotamus amphibius Hippopotomus II Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Hippopotamidae22 Hippopotamus amphibius Hippopotamus II Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Fat,unspecified

Confersstrength andpower; lovecharm andcattle charm

Hyaenidae18 Crocuta crocuta Hyena Spotted Red List 2000 -LR/cd

Blood Pneumonia Phytotherapy/ Venda of S.Africa andZimbabwe

Hyaenidae18 Hyaena hyaena Hyena Striped Red List 2000 -LR/nt

Blood Pneumonia Phytotherapy/ Venda of S.Africa andZimbabwe

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 19

Hyaenidae20,23 Proteles cristatus Aardwolf III Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Hyaenidae22 Crocuta crocuta Spotted Hyaena Red List 2000 -LR/cd

Fat, eyebrow;hair/skin;gland paste

Induce sleep;emetic; sorcery

Hydrophiidae13 Laticauda semifasciata Laticauda Semifasciata Whole body Erabu-unagi

Hystricidae spp.17 Old-world Porcupines III Intestine,stomach, tail

Hystricidae spp.17 Old-world Porcupines III Quill

Hystricidae10 Hystrix cristata Porcupine Red List 2000 -LR/nt

Quill Spiritual Rabai,Duruma

Hystricidae17 Hystrix brachyura B. Malayan Porcupine II Red List 2000 -VU

Quill

Hystricidae2 Hystrix cristata Porcupine Red List 2000 -LR/nt

Quill Spiritual

Hystricidae20,22,23 Hystrix africaeaustralis South African CrestedPorcupine


Quills;unspecified

Prick the kneesand feet of lazychildren;

Lutrinae spp.17 I/II Bladder

Lutrinae spp.17 I/II Liver

Lutrinae spp.17 I/II Sexual organs

Lutrinae spp.17 I/II Teelth

Manidae spp.17 Pangolin II Red List 2000 -LR/nt

Scales

Manidae1 Manis pentadactyla Pangolin / SquamaManitis Pentadactylae


Scales Liver, stomach

Manidae17 Manis javanica Malayan Pangolin II Red List 2000 -LR/nt

Manidae17 Manis javanica Malayan Pangolin II Red List 2000 -LR/nt

Scales

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 20

Manidae17 Manis pentadactyla Chinese Pangolin II Red List 2000 -LR/nt

Scales

Manidae17 Manis pentadactyla Chinese Pangolin II Red List 2000 -LR/nt

Manidae17 Manis temminckii Temminck's GroundPangolin


Scales

Manidae23 Manis temminckii Cape Pangolin II Red List 2000 -LR/nt

Scales andblood

Cure for heartproblems,good luckcharm,rainmaking andto protectagainst badomens andbullets

Manidae23 Manis temminckii Cape Pangolin II Red List 2000 -LR/nt

Scales Nosebleeds;rheumatism;love portion;providesstrength to thehealer

Manidae9 Manis pentadactyla Pangolin / SquamaManitis


Scales Liver, stomach

Manis spp.17 II

Manis spp.17 II Scales

Monodontidae17 Monodon monoceros Narwhal II Red List 2000 -DD

Teeth

Moschidae1 Moschus moschiferus or M.berezovskii

Musk Deer / SecretioMoschus

I/II Red List 2000 -VU

Navel glandsecretions

Heart, Spleen,Liver

Moschidae17 Moschus berezovskii Dwarf Musk Deer II Red List 2000 -LR/nt

Pod/gland

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 21

Moschidae17 Moschus berezovskii Dwarf Musk Deer II Red List 2000 -LR/nt

Moschidae17 Moschus moschiferus Siberian Musk Deer II Red List 2000 -VU

Musk


Pod/gland


Pod/gland


Moschidae3 Moschus moschiferus Musk Deer or Al-ail II Red List 2000 -VU

Musk Musk is usedextensively inthemanufacturingof Sudaneseperfume. Muskis spread onthe body torelieve painand tomoisturizeskin.

Moschidae5 Moschus moschiferus Musk Deer II Red List 2000 -VU

Musk Used to treatheadaches,blood/sugardisfunctions

Moschidae9 Moschus berezovskii, M. chrysogaster, M. moschiferus or M. sifanicus

Musk Deer / Moschus I/II Red List 2000 -VU

Driedsecretionobtainedfrom malemusk gland

Heart andspleen

Moschus spp.17 I/II Mush pod

Moschus spp.17 I/II Musk gland

Moschus spp.17 I/II Pod/gland

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 22

Moschus spp.17 I/II Pod/gland

Moschus spp.17 I/II

Muridae13 Rattus norvegicus Brown Rat / OletumRatti Norvegici


Feces Liver, kidney,large intestine

Muridae13 Rattus norvegicus Mouse / Mus Red List 2000 -LR/lc

Flesh orwhole body,skin, liver,gallbladder,kidney, fat

Liver Rattus rattus,Rattusflavipectus

Muridae13 Rhizomys sinensis Bamboo Rat /Rhizomys Sinensis


Flesh, teeth,fat

Muscicapidae13 Turdus merulamandarinus

Blackbird / Turdusmerula mandarinus

Flesh Ouzel

Mustelidae13 Lutra lutra Otter / Lutrae I Red List 2000 -VU

Flesh, liver,bone,gallbladder,feet, skin andfur

Liver, kidney Aonyx cinerea

Mustelidae13 Martes zibellina Sable / Cauda MartesZibellina

Red List 2000 -DD

Tail or fur

Mustelidae13 Meles meles Badger / Meles Red List 2000 -LR/lc

Flesh, fat Spleen

Mustelidae13 Mustela sibirica Yellow Weasel /Carnis Mustela

III Flesh

Mustelidae17 Lutra lutra European Otter I Red List 2000 -VU

Mustelidae22 Mellivora capensis Honey Badger III Fat

Mustelidae23 Mellivora capensis Honey Badger III Hunting dogand protectivecharm

Nycticebus spp.17 II Red List 2000 -DD

Bone

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 23

Otaridae20,22,23 Arctocephalus pusillus Cape Fur Seal II Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Fat and head Chest and earinfections andprotectivecharm

Otariidae1 Callorhinus ursinus Northern Fur Seal /Testes et Penis Otariae

Red List 2000 -VU

Penis Kidney, Liver

Otariidae13 Callorhinus ursinus Northern Fur Seal /Testis et PenisCallorhini

Red List 2000 -VU

Testis , penis Liver, kidney Phoca vitulina

Otariidae17 Arctocephalus pusillus Cape Fur Seal II Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Fat


Genitalia


Penis

Otariidae20,23 Arctocephalus pusillus Cape Fur Seal II Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Fat

Otariidae7 Arctocephalus australus Southern Fur Seal /Seal penis


Penis

Otariidae7 Arctocephalus pusillus Southern Fur Seal /Seal penis


Penis

Otariidae7 Callorhinus ursinus Northern fur seal /Seal penis

Red List 2000 -VU

Penis

Otariidae9 Callorhinus ursinus Penis et TestesCallorhini

Red List 2000 -VU

Dried penisand testes

Liver, kidney

Otididae13 Otis tarda Great Bustard, CarnisOtis Tarda Dybowskii

II Red List 2000 -VU

Flesh

Phasianidae13 Chrysolophus pictus Golden Pheasant /Chrysolophus Pictus


Flesh

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 24

Phasianidae13 Phasianus colchicus Common Pheasant /Phasiana

Flesh orwhole body,liver, tailfeathers,brain

Heart, stomach

Phasianidae13 Syrmaticus reevesii Reeve's Pheasant /Syrmaticus Reevesii

Red list 2000 -VU

Flesh

Phasianidae17 Pavo muticus Green Peafowl II Red list 2000 -VU

"End"feather, gallbladder, stockof tail feather

Phocidae13 Phoca vitulina Common Seal / AdepsPhocae Vitulinae


Fat

Physeteridae13 Physeter catodon Sperm Whale / AmbraGrisea

I Red list 2000 -VU

Ambergris

Physeteridae17 Physeter catodon Sperm Whale I Red list 2000 -VU

Ambergris


Physeteridae3 Physeter catodon Sperm Whale or El-Hoot

I Red list 2000 -VU

Ambergris Blood tonic


Ambergris Used toreinforcepotency,kidneys and forgeneral health

Picidae13 Picus canus Gray HeadedWoodpecker / PicusCanus

Flesh orwhole body

Dendrocoposmajor

Platysterninae13 Platysternonmegacephalum

Big-Headed Turtle /PlatysternonMegacephalum

Red List 2000 -EN

Whole body

Primates spp.17 Primates I/II Bone

Primates spp.17 Primates I/II Gall stone

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 25

Primates spp.17 Primates I/II Skull

Primates spp.17 Primates I/II

Procaviidae23 Dendrohyrax arboreus Tree Hyrax Red List 2000 -VU

Whole body Witchcraft;charm forcattle; charmfor crops;chest/eartreatment

Psittacidae13 Psittacula alexandrifasciata

Red-breasted Parrot /Psittacula AlexandriFasciata

II Flesh Other relativespecies in thesame genus

Pteroclididae17 Pteropus spp. Flying Foxes I/II Excrement

Pteroclididae17 Pteropus spp. Flying Foxes I/II Heart

Pteroclididae17 Pteropus spp. Flying Foxes I/II Liver

Pythonidae10 Pythoinae regius Python II Oil Dermatitis chaseevil spirit

Phytotherapy/ Rabai ofKenya

Pythonidae13 Python molurus bivittatus Boa snake / Python I/II Gallbladder,fat, flesh

Liver, spleen

Pythonidae17 Python molurus Indian Python I/II

Pythonidae17 Python reticulatus Regal Python II Blood

Pythonidae17 Python reticulatus Regal Python II

Pythonidae17 Python sebae African Python II Backbone

Pythonidae17 Python sebae African Python II Bone

Pythonidae17 Python sebae African Python II Fat

Pythonidae17 Python sebae African Python II Skin

Pythonidae17 Python sebae African Python II

Pythonidae17 Python spp. Pythons I/II Bone

Pythonidae17 Python spp. Pythons I/II Gall bladder

Pythonidae17 Python spp. Pythons I/II Oil

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 26

Pythonidae17 Python spp. Pythons I/II

Pythonidae20,21,22,23 Python sebae Python II Skin Sexuallytransmitteddiseases andbackache

Rallidae13 Rallus aquaticus Water Rail / RallusAquaticus

Flesh Corncrake

Rhinocerotidae1 most commonly the Asianspecies Rhinocerosunicornis, R. sondaicus, orR. sumatrensis are used;sometimes the Africanspecies R. simus or R.bicornis are used

Rhinoceros / CornuRhinoceri

I Horn Heart, Liver,Stomach

Water buffalo(horn) -Cornu Bubali

Rhinocerotidae10 Ceratotherium simum White Rhinoceros I Red List 2000 -LR/cd

Horn Male virility Phytotherapy/ Somalis,Bajunis,Arabs

Rhinocerotidae10 Diceros bicornis Black Rhinoceros I Red List 2000 -CR

Horn Male virility Phytotherapy/ Somalis,Bajunis,Arabs

Rhinocerotidae15 Rhinoceros spp. Rhinoceros / CornuRhinocerotis

I Horn Heart, Liver,Stomach

Rhinocerotidae16 Rhinoceros I Horn Dries pus andpurifies blood

Rhinocerotidae16 Rhinoceros I Skin Smallpox

Rhinocerotidae17 Ceratotherium simumcottoni

White Rhinoceros I Red List 2000 -CR

Horn

Rhinocerotidae17 Diceros bicornis Black Rhinoceros I Red List 2000 -CR

Rhinocerotidae17 Rhinoceros unicornis Indian Rhinoceros I Horn

Rhinocerotidae17 Rhinocerotidae spp. I/II Blood

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 27

Rhinocerotidae17 Rhinocerotidae spp. I/II Horn

Rhinocerotidae17 Rhinocerotidae spp. I/II Muscle, skin,teeth, toe

Rhinocerotidae17 Rhinocerotidae spp. I/II

Rhinocerotidae22,23 Diceros bicornis Black Rhinoceros I Red List 2000 -CR

Hair, horn Sustainwounds duringthe battle

Sciuridae1 Trogopterus xanthipesMilne-Edwards or Pteromysxanthotis Milne-Edwards

Flying Squirrel /ExcrementumTrogopteri seuPteromi

Red List 2000 -EN

Feces Liver, spleen In parts ofsouthernChina thefeces ofPetauristaxanthotis areused locallyas a substitute

Sciuridae13 Sciurus vulgaris Red Squirrel / SciurusVulgaris


Whole body

Sciuridae14 Trogopterus xanthipes ExcrementumTrogopterori

Red List 2000 -EN

Feces Liver feces ofPetauristaxanthotis, P.petaurista, P.elegans, P.yunnanensis, P.alborutus,Belomyspearsoni,Hylopetesalboniger,Pteromys volansand Aeretesmelanopterus /Trogopterusdung

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 28

Scolopacidae13 Tringa totanus Redshank / Tringa Flesh Other relativespecies in thesame genus /snipe

Spheniscidae23 Spheniscus demersus African Penguin II Red List 2000 -VU

Spheniscidae23 Tauraco corythaix Helmeted Turaco II

Strigidae13 Glaucidium cuculoides Cuckoo Owlet /Carnis GlaucidiiCuculoidis

II Flesh

Struthionidae23 Struthio camelus Ostrich I

Suidae20,23 Phacochoerus aethiopicus Cape Warthog Red List 2000 -EX

Syngnathidae1 Hippocampus histrix Seahorse /Hippocampus

Red List 2000 -VU

Whole body Kindney, Liver

Syngnathidae1 Hippocampus kelloggi Seahorse /Hippocampus


Syngnathidae1 Hippocampustrimaculatus

Seahorse /Hippocampus

Red List 2000 -VU


Syngnathidae14 Hippocampus histrix Seahorse /Hippocampus

Red List 2000 -VU

Whole body Kidney Whole bodyof H.coronatus

Syngnathidae14 Hippocampus japonicus Seahorse /Hippocampus

Red List 2000 -VU


Syngnathidae14 Hippocampus kelloggi Seahorse /Hippocampus


Syngnathidae14 Hippocampus kuda Seahorse /Hippocampus

Red List 2000 -VU


Syngnathidae14 Hippocampustrimaculatus

Seahorse /Hippocampus

Red List 2000 -VU


AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 29

Testudinidae1 Chinemys reevesii Reeve's Turtle /Plastrum Testudinis

Red List 2000 -EN

Turtle shell Heart, Kidney,Liver

Testudinidae13 Chinemys reevesii Reeve's Turtle /Testudinis

Red List 2000 -EN

Flesh, blood,glue oftortoiseplastron, bile

Cuoraamboinensis,Testudoelongata,Mauremysmutica, Testudoimpressa,Clemmys bealei

Testudinidae17 Geochelone elegans Star Tortoise II Shell

Testudinidae17 Geochelone pardalis Leopard Tortoise II Shell

Testudinidae9 Chinemys reevesii Reeve's Turtle /Carapax et PlastrumTestudinis

Red List 2000 -EN

Driedplastron

Liver, kidneyand heart

Plastrons ofCuoraamboinensis,Testudoelongata,Mauremysmutica,Testudoimpressa,Clemmysbealei

Thryonomyidae23 Thryonomys swinderianus Cane Rat Red List 1996 -LR/lc

Love charm;good luckcharm andpregnancytreatment

Tridacnidae13 Tridacna squamosa Fluted Clam / ConchaTridacna Squamosa

II Red list 2000LR/cd

Shell Tridacnacookiana andother relativespecies in thesame genus

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 30

Trionychidae13 Pelochelys bibroni Giant Soft-shelledTurtle / Pelochelys

Red List 2000 -VU

Shell, flesh,fat,gallbladder

Ursidae spp. (excludingAliuropodamelanoleuca)17

I/II Gall bladder

Ursidae spp.17 I/II Bile

Ursidae spp.17 I/II Bone

Ursidae spp.17 I/II Bones of thehand

Ursidae spp.17 I/II Gall bladder

Ursidae spp.17 I/II Hair

Ursidae spp.17 I/II Teeth

Ursidae1 Ursus arctos Brown Bear / VesicaFellea Ursi

I Red List 2000 -VU

Gall bladder Gallbladder,Heart, Liver

Cowgallbladder -Vesica FelleaBovus

Ursidae1 Ursus thibetanus Brown Bear / VesicaFellea Ursi

I Red List 2000 -VU

Gall bladder Gallbladder,Heart, Liver

Cowgallbladder -Vesica FelleaBovus

Ursidae17 Helarctos malayanus Sun Bear I Red List 2000 -DD

Gall bladder

Ursidae17 Helarctos malayanus Sun Bear I Red List 2000 -DD

Ursidae17 Melursus ursinus Sloth Bear I Red List 2000 -VU

Gall

Ursidae17 Ursus americanus American Black Bear II Gall bladder

Ursidae17 Ursus americanus American Black Bear II

Ursidae17 Ursus arctos Brown Bear I/II Red List 2000 -VU

Gall bladder

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 31

Ursidae17 Ursus arctos Brown Bear I/II Red List 2000 -VU

Ursidae17 Ursus thibetanus Asiatic Black Bear I Red List 2000 -VU

Gall


Gall bladder


Ursidae4 Ursus arctos Brown Bear I Red List 2000 -VU

Bear gall Abdominaltumors;abdominal paindue toobstruction orbad foodintake; crampsin neck andback; chestpains;unsuccesfulurge to vomit;irritability;insanity;intermittentfever (malaria-like state);diarrhea. Killsparasite insects,stops vomiting,diffusessmallpox. Alsoused to treatchildren'snervousbreakdowns,convulsions,stomach ache

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 32

duringpregnancy,abdominal painafter childbirth,produce laborpains. Clearsblurred eyes,stops pain ofhemorrhoids.Restoresvitality and ridsimpuritiesfrom body.

Ursidae9 Ursus arctos Brown Bear / Fel Ursi I Red List 2000 -VU

Driedgallbladder

Liver,gallbladder andheart

Ursidae9 Ursus thibetanus Bear / Fel Ursi I Red List 2000 -VU

Driedgallbladder

Liver,gallbladder andheart

Varanidae17 Varanus spp. II Oil

Varanidae17 Varanus spp. II

Veranidae22,23 Varanus niloticus Nile Monitor II Fat;unspecified

Cure earache inchildren;witchcraft andskin problems

Veranidae23 Varanus niloticus Nile Monitor II

Vespertilionidae1 Vespertilio murinus Parti-colored Bat /ExcrementumVespertilionis Murini


Feces Liver

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 33

Vespertilionidae13 Vespertilio superans Parti-colored Bat /Vespertilio


Whole body Liver Pipistrellusabramus,Plecotus auritus,Rhinolophusferrum equinumand otherrelative species

Vespertilionidae14 Vespertilio superans Parti-colored Bat /ExcrementumVespertilionis


Feces Liver Feces of mostspecies inVespertilio

Viperidae17 Crotalus durissus Neo-tropicalRattlesnake

III Fresh/driedvenom

Viperidae17 Crotalus durissus Neo-tropicalRattlesnake

III

Viverridae13 Viverra zibetha Civet / Carnis Viverraseu Viverricula

III Meat Viverriculaindica

Viverridae13 Viverra zibetha Civet / SecretiumViverra seu Viverricula

III Secretion Viverriculaindica

Viverridae20,23 Genetta genetta Small Spotted Genet Red List 2000 -VU

Viverridae23 Genetta genetta Small Spotted Genet Red List 2000 -VU

Skin Protectionagainst sorcery,TMP clinicornament

Cercopithecusalbogularis17

II

Heloderma horridum17 Beaded Lizard II Dried venom

Hirudo medicinalis17 II Body

Hirudo medicinalis17 II

Indotestudo elongata17 II Shell

Manouria impressa17 II Shell

Morenia ocellata17 I Shell

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 34

Pangasianodon gigas17 I Gall bladder,pectoal spine

Testudinidae spp.17 I/II

Testudinidae spp.17 I/II Shell

Uromastyx aegypitus17 II Extract fromlive animals

References

1. Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica Revised Edition, Dan Bensky and Andrew Gamble with Ted Kaptchuk, Eastland Press, 1993,Seattle

2 Edinburg, T.L. (1998) Traditional Medicines of South Africa, The Pharmaceutical Journal, Volume 261, No. 7007, Pages 242-244

3. El-Kamali, H.H., 2000. Folk medicine use of some animal products in Central Sudan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 72, 279-282.

4. KAMPO, How the Japanese Updated Traditional Herbal Medicine, Akira Tsumura , Japan Publications, Inc., 1991, Tokyo and New York,Page 166-167

5. Lev, E., Amar Z., 2000. Ethnopharmacological survey of traditional drugs sold in Israel at the end of the 20th century. Journal ofEthnopharmacology 72, 191-205.

6. Pinniped penises in the marketplace: a progress report. D. Lavigne, P.J. Wilson, R.J. Smith, B.N. White, Working Paper 3.3, MolecularIdentification of Cetaceans workshop, 14-16 June 1999. La Jolla, California.

7. Pinniped penises in trade: a molecular-genetic investigation, S. Malik, P.J. Wilson, R.J. Smith, D.M. Lavigne, B.N. White, ConservationBiology 11(6), Pages 1365-1374.

8. Planetary Herbology, An Integration of Western Herbs Into The Traditional Chines And Ayurvedic Systems, Dr. Michael Tierra, C.A., N.D.,O.M.D., Lotus Press, 1988, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin

9. Rare Chinese Materia Medica, Zhang Enqin et al., 1991, Shanghai

10. S.J. Muchina Munyua, 2001

11. Sesik, E., Yesilada, E., Honda, G., Takaishi, Y., Takeda, Y., Tanaka, T. 2001. Traditional Medicine in Turkey. Folk medicine in CentralAnatolia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 75, 95-115.

AC

17 Inf. 5 –

p. 35

12. Swantz, L (1990). The Medicine Man: Among the Zaramo of Dar-es-salaam, Scandanavia Institute of African Studies and Dar-es-salaamUniversity Press, Pages 34 and 134

13. The Chinese Materia Medica Dictionary, Jiangsu New Medical College, 2000, Shanghai

14. The Chinese Materia Medica, Xu Guojun, He Hongxian, Xu Luoshan & Jing Rongluan, 1996, Beijing

15. The Chinese Materia Medica, Zhang Enqin et al., 1996, Shanghai

16. Tibetan Medicine, the Ven. Rechung Rinpoche Jampal Kunzang, University of California Press, 1973, Berkeley and Los Angeles, Page 71 -72

17. TRAFFIC, Doc. AC.15.11, February 1999

18. Watt, J.M. and Breyer-Brandwijk, M. G. (1962), The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa, 2nd Edition, PublisherE and Livingstone LTD, Edinburg and London, UK

19. Yesilada, E., Sezik E., Honda, G., Takaishi, Y., Takeda, Y., Tanaka, T. 1999. Traditional Medicine in Turkey IX: Folk medicine in north-westAnatolia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 64, 195-210.

20. Simelane, T.S.and Kerley G.I.H., 1998, Conservation implications of the use of vertebrates by Xhosa traditional healers in South Africa inSouth African Wildlife

21. Mzimela T., 1995. The muthi business.Indicator South Africa.12(2)

22. Pujol, J. 1993. NaturAfrica. The Herbalist Handbook. African Flora, Medicinal Plants. Pp 25-28. Jean Pujol Natural HealersFoundation.Durban

23. TRAFFIC International, Searching for a Cure, Conservation of Medicinal Wildlife Resources in East and Southern Africa, Marshall, Nina T.,1998

Documents

CITES IUCN Listing Part (s) Medicinal Alternatives ... · / Calculus Bovis Red List 2000 - EN Gall stone Heart, Liver Bovidae1 Saiga tatarica Saiga Antelope / Cornu Antelopis II Red