CITA Working Paper2 2011

8/6/2019 CITA Working Paper2 2011

1/37

Center for International Trade and Agriculture (CITA)CITAWORKING PAPER #2-2011

ACONTEMPORARY ACCOUNT OF INTERNATIONAL

TRADE AND AGRICULTURE IN NEPAL:

EFFECTS AND PROSPECTS

Editors Note. The University of Kansas School of Law initiated the operations of the Center for

International Trade and Agriculture (CITA) in early 2010 with an inaugural symposium held in

Lawrence, Kansas. Shortly thereafter another element of the CITAs expanding operations was put in

place: the CITA Working Papers Series. The overall aim of the CITA Working Papers Series is to

provide a forum in which interesting information and insights on a broad range of issues that lie at the

intersection of three subjects international trade, agriculture, and law can be expressed and discussed

in a manner that will benefit legal practitioners, policy-makers, academics, and those members of thegeneral public who are interested in a thoughtful exchange of views on these issues.

For more information about the CITA Working Papers Series, including a set of Guidelines for

Contributions to the CITA Working Papers Series, see the CITA website

http://www.law.ku.edu/~kulaw/centers/cita/index.shtml. As explained there, contributions to the CITA

Working Papers Series are intended to be just that: working papers. In other words, a contribution to

the Series need not provide a completely polished last word on the authors views but can be a work-in-

progress offered in the hope that readers and other contributors will offer comments and responses.

The first contribution to the CITA Working Papers Series CITA Working Paper #1-2010 was focused

on international legal regimes to balance the protection of prairies and grasslands with their agricultural

use. Now CITA is pleased to post CITA Working Paper #2-2011, providing a country study on Nepal inthe context of international trade and agriculture. Written by Professor Surendra Bhandari, a national of

Nepal who recently earned his S.J.D. degree at KU Law and has now begun a professorship at a Japanese

university, this Working Paper #2-2011 examines the challenges facing Nepals agriculture sector in the

face of recent developments. Comments on the paper are welcome, particularly in the form of either (i)direct communications with the author ([email protected]) or (ii) submission of a

contribution to the CITA Working Papers Series on this or a related topic.

* * * * * * *


2/37

!""#$%%%&'()*+,

-. ( % %%# /% 0% -%

%(%%%'%($&

'(%#

%1%%0%/%

%%%,-/%%-$#$%%

#

% % 1 %2 % %

%%( - %2 (& %2 %222%%2%%2%#

/% % % ( .( %

(#% %-%

%0!%3!!3!(

$' 0& 4 +

$04+# %2 % % 1% % %% %

%#

%#5#*-6'%(7%%)-#+(2 %-. +$!%!%%# 8(2% ,% 9%% 8%.6'%(5#:;%


3/37

!% #$(;!$8 ## ! ## !$ ## /%0% #$&8! ## (=> ## 3(=>?( ## 3?(""( ## 9%&""$& ###*$&( ###+0%$&

#@# $&$'%0 #@##8( #@##9 #@# &% #@##6! #@#@#A(% #@#>#!'*1 #/%!%%! ## /%+ ## %!%%39%

## /%)%'+ ## )9(+%3-/%!%% #@# $%%8 #+%

!"!"""!!#!$!%"

#!B'%.-%(

(# % % % % %

( %%2 %( % #


4/37

B'%'( % %%

'%#

! (% % % (# !

% @ %% % B*9 # $%

B*9%(%%'%/%B*9

%(%#*(3C??"&?2

#B*9?# 3C""&"@#@

3C""=&"?#$%%#"

3C ""?&"# '%%2 % % , % '

,( % /%

#

% % ( $# 3 12 3C?&@2 $-% % % 1 ' =

/% # 2 $ % % ' >@

%13C""&"=#

*%'/%(2'

%-'(%%1#!%%

2(%%%%

3C""?&"#@ '%(2 %( % %

(#$2%%'%%2

% %2 ( (%(> % %

'1#

# 0%( 32 4'( ""?&""2 # =#72B' 0%(32""#

# 8% . +.2 48""=&""?2 728%.2""?#%%B*9%('

- %# 2 %( %'% % B*9 - >#>2 # ># %'( """D"# % @#?

2># #? ""D"=-%2%%%-@#@ 2@#@ ?#" ""=D"? %'(# %% %% B*9'( 2 %' %% %(%%1%%%#

##

# 8% .2 A( 4 5#&! ""2 72 8%.2""#

@#2#=#

># ;DD---#.#D"D"DD&%(D&-&&&%D?=D 2%-(%%-%#!2-%(>%(#!


5/37

#!$-%.(%%%%( %%(#3

2 %% -+ $# /% 2 2 2 %-%. -

1%' . %% $ +# % ?"%

+$%#%($

%( +2% %( %

#'%%2-(%%(

%-$+#

B(2 % &. (# $ % % $&.

( % %%($ %% 1(+ #

$%%%(('%(/%

# 3 % - - %2 % '(

'( % % ( $# '( %

%-%'%$%(

%( % $# =

% % % (

%%%%(9+%.

EF.-%#G?

1% %' $ % &%

-%2 %% %( % (

'-%-$#%%%%

/%%'% %

$/%%%-

(%-%#B'

% .% :(2 % '( ( .-

2-%2(27%%-(#

# 2 2 ';DD%#%%#D%D%#H%IJ>">"""#

=##

?#9!6)+))$482:40$))$;:C:4984+68$4!843!))$B!*:!+!4*4!6$H@6!216'%(9%%2""=#


6/37

$2 % ( - * % % -

.(#%%'%%'(#"

%'-$%K"(#

*=="&==21%>#%8%8%#

$2-% % %=#= 8%#

$#(2 =??&?"" 1%@#" 8%

$2-%%%@#=8%#$#

*%% 1%2%2 (% ,2

%2%22-,2--2%#6B.

-%?"-$+2-%$&

+#

%-%-%(-%$?#2%&1(2

/% % '( ( $& # +%K(2

/%#-$'

%%(+-$?@"#?>"2/%

-(-$%'%

' # %2 ( '%( %

% 3 3' C 9 ?"&?@# ( 3C ??D? %

1%1=%-@"1%#

'%(%%%

%/%($&

# - %-% /%

%?"""=#

"# 68C! 9#64*$2*C!0$+3384$B9)$+C !*)!;!6*C3 $*&49!)84)!$2 1'-*216'%(9%%2""@#

#2#

# ( + - B' $ 2 7 5(?@"2'L;DD%#%#-%%#D""=DD(&&&&&-&&'&&&M#


7/37

!"#$#

*3C%D@""=D"?21%,

%1#-$$N$$$%-

1#

;'%1'2-%2'#;!"#$#


8/37

;!"#$#

' +% $2 $$ N $$$ %- % - $ (

% /% ( # 3 3C% ""D"@ ""=D"?

% % ' $# 4(1 $ %

%%$%%#-2%

-# -+$O%-%$& /%

(#

;!"#$#


9/37

#/%0%/%0%-%%(%%%

$& '( %# ,

!""#$ %% %&'()*+

,-.(%%#

%%/%,#%%/%(

%%-%;

# %% %% /% ( . $& ?==&??"# 6 1

%-$2%%(.B!

%B!% 1 % #

B!/% - $( % # 0%B!>0(?=?#!.

9(-%%%5?=?#!038

038-% % %>3(??"#

. # $ ! ??"2 ( -% % # 3-

%(2''

% % - $ % ' (

B!/% 0%# !% %2 B! 0% -% .

-%%%## $& % ( ' ( %

%%%%%%#%

%%% %%'-$

-0% %&'

031-. !PP$OB!# ,

,'% % - 0 +%

' % %( %#%2

%2('(2 %%( %%2-%-1

%!PP$O

B!# $& %%% %

# %2 684*8! :!*!8$ N :482 49!)/ !++4$ :4 ; +:!))4B4 !*9986$$43849!)72!!N)-!%%%2""@#


10/37

'((-.B!!PP$O%

0#

# -% %% %( % % - % %'% - ' # %

% 9 ?=@D=>

%($0(3$03!,%

9!9?=?=?(.%%

$03% ,% (#%,(%2

.%(%#!%

2 ( ??"

% % # 4

(%'%%-

%#

- + %-% 2 - -%

%%# $2 % 2 /%

(%-%%#


11/37

' %%2 :% 0,%(/% B' :0B

%% 0% . # @

* ??@2 :0B 1%% % % 0%#

3-/%K%2.9(%%B!%

%%2 --% %%%( @!%""#

'.9(8(+0%+

""2-%%.!#3-

%2!""#$%

% %&' ( )*+ , -. (

%%%#

%1&(/%,%%(

/%%'#:-'2'+%

%-/%%1%$'(

%%(#%%(#

##


12/37

%%%%%%(%'%%

'%#@

#

&!%""!!#!"""!

$& %-% (%# (% (

1 % % - (%#

(%'(%%%-#

#(=>

% #+# (%2 =>-% , 1

$#7(2(%%2-%% '%2 % % -%

1% - % $#> ! & '(() *

(%%'%$%%#(2

$& -%% 2 2 % %2

%(%#$-%((%%%(

( & %# $-% .

-%%-#.(2Q%

%-$-'%Q%-%-$#

#3(=>?(

$?2 4% $+(%#@ %( 1

% % % - &% (2 - -%

0?#-%#$?+#7.'%

' ( %

@#%2+(8'-92$!%9!+$3$+3:4

%%% 9 ! )*+% * ""&""; 9%% 2 %%

-( -2 '

;DD%#%#-%%#D""=DD(&&&&&-&&

'&&&

># 7!6$)C!2 :4!8:!!8! = N % ( )# # 8,2 9 .%2??#


13/37

%#!%-%2-%%(

(%2=>#%(%'%%%

%%'%(($%%

.#

?(-%2Q%-$-%%'#

$=="&==21%>#8%#$2-%

%%=#=8%#$#(2=??&?""

1%@#"8%$2-%%

%@#=8%#$#*%%1

%2%2 (% ,2 %2 %2 2 - ,2 -

-2 %#6 + -% ?"-

$+2-%$&+#

#3?(""(

%%-$&-%(%#*

%2 $ %%-

'-%%%#

$& -% % ( ?#

!O$?(%R%%(%'% $ % % B'

%(# ##%B'%%

% %2 % $ %

%%%7-..2(

###R41%%'$%%%

- % '%% ( % %%%

%$#!%%2%(%.

$%#!%%2%(%21(2-#

#(3%-B27*?2'L;DD%#D$*S"D&:&4D&M#


14/37

32 $ - ( (

+ 5( ?@" ( ?#= ( -%

% ' ( '%% 0# $ ' % (

$ % %#$ %,%

$

9(2 !@( K'( %%% %

%-%'$#:-'2

'('%%(($%#$-%

% (%&1% $# 9%

-% % - $#

-%%.#%%%((

%2%'(1(%%

%%'%%%%$.(.

%% $. %

$# E% G -%

%('%%#$2 ?@"(

K%%%%-$%%(2

% . $ %2 % 1 % %2

%($.#%(2'($

% %# $ %2 ( $ % -

#

0(K%1%

K($+%%%

- ' $ % %# % '% -

% %% %%% % %..%%

#%2?@"(%$#

=#(+-B'$?@"2'

;DD---#(#D%D%I%D&I(IN##!@?@"('%2EB''(%-%'22$%%%%1%%%$#B'%'( % 2 - 1 $2 1 ( %% ' % $ % ' % % $-%,1%(#G


15/37

$%2?@"(%(%$&%

%%%%%#%-%

% % % %%

$# % % ( % % % $ -

'%% %'' -#?@"(1%' %

$&(%#

?@"(+-%(?>"(

%# ?>" ( -% - '- ' +

0. -.#? $ ( ( %

( % ( #" :-'2

'%%%%%1#312!

$$$?>"('%%1%%!PP

B!#

$?2 - ( % #$ '%%

%,%((%--

%(?>"(#$%#3%2'

(%%%% $.2%

K8-?"

# $( 1% ?"

$(%%#2-%%-%%2(

K'%1%($+%%+

41% % - % %% % %

$#2%'%%

?#(%-B'$?>"2';DD---#(#D%D%I%D&I(IN%# # 9 %% 2 E ( % %--%2'%.('%-%+0.###G

"# ! $$# $'% 2E, %1%%((2%(%(%1%%%K'%%-%K'%%#G


16/37

@"1&(2B'$- %(

%%%($.#

?>"(((%%

?(1%((#!%2

%%,%((%#!%

%2@S3C?D@

%@S3C?D?@%%#-+%-%

%1%1%#

$ ?=2 % % ( %2 % -

%%#$%K%%

'(%-#:2%%

2%2N-# $?==2-

- % % % - -2 Q% %

$Q% % % ( % $ %

% (# $ %%2 . & %

%%%%$&%#!1%%-2-%

10?=?2%'.%

#!%$N$$9(%-B'$?2';DD---#(#D%D%I%D&I(IN%?##


17/37

!??"#!2%%%-,%2

$Q% %%% - Q% ?== K% +% -( %

# - * ' % % %

7Q% ( % - ,2

'?@"93%(2%1?@?

?>@# $ . %( - % %% '- $&

% % -# . - -%

%,Q%%(%2-

7-%%((-%(

%%%(#

-' % K. % %- $#

%90%7%9%$9

0% O# 9# 5 ??" - * % % (

%-$#*'%$*??(

%90%B, 9%72 - % %- %

% %# ?? ( ' %%

%%%2%(#

$& % % %%%% - % 9 0%

0!.'%-*!??@#: %%,'-

?@"93%(#$%%(%$%(2!.%%#

$*??>2(-%--(2-%""

9%%2%-%,

#6(2??$'2&%%2(

%%2 - K' %%2 $ . %&

% "" K' %%

' % '% 2 ( (2 % % N

=@#:+1#(K%

% 1 % %%2 % %% - &% D

&$ % % 03 # :-'2

% 1 $( K 1%

(K'1%(%'$$#1%


18/37

+%%(3%+%

+$%(#

*%2%%%%-1% %- $

--#:-'2%-(-%'

# !% %2 % ' &

2(%%#

- $ % .( ( .( % -# $ % 12

%( '% '% 2

%

-$21$04+

!3!2 K' %% % % %%%

%%-(%$

##9%&$&

$& %( % % -

%

% ( $' 0% 4

+$04+N!%3!!3!#$

0%2 - %( %# ( %

9%-%($04+!3!#$%

.2%%%K%%(%$&

2%(#

(%.2-%%%'%%%%&$&

#(;

$# $&(2$$# + % 3! $&

(#

%%'%('--%#4%

% - %% % - % -.%%%# % %'% '

%(%$%

%%'%(%%-%;


19/37

##(,(

%%

%#$% % %

%-%#,,'%

%-0+%'%

%(%#%2%2(

'(2%%(%%2-

%-1 3!

8!!PP$OB!#

3!% 8!% ( '( '%2 %%%2

% + 9%%-% '%2%%%2

%%#$-%23!%D8!%%2-% %, ( - %# %

.2 % - & %

%%( $04+ !3!2 - %

(-%%$&(#

3 %%8!%'.% $

%%%%(%$&

%(%$

(#!%2.%%%

1$&%$'

%03%%0%#$(2

!!8+%""2$%%%'

( % . )*+% !!8+ # $ % %

- ( K' %%2 (%

$

% %2 % $&

%-'#:-'2%-

/%(2$&%%(

-'%#

0%( 32 4 '( 3C "">D"2 1 ># 72:% 0,%(/%B'0%(32""


20/37

##-,*.,

2 %%K( % %

$.%(

%3!-%;

% .% ' ' % '%)*+%#3146%%.

)*+%%'(%4!(#%

%%K(%%#9%K%

'%%%(%'%#

'%2$%(%#

%.2 $& '%

%%%.(('#

6 4 +% 0% ' % )*+%# % '%

'% '# %%%-

%%'%%%%%

4+2 B (% 9; 4'( !%2 ' ;DD##DD-&D'D%&%(%&&%D'(&&%D#


21/37

)*+%#$ %12%%('

-$#

???-' % -% %% )*+%% .' %# % 1% %

%-0+%2-,%%

$&%#

!PP$O9$OB!%'%%%, %# 03 %% Q%

'%%%

% ' % %

%#'03$%"2

- % # %% %,%#$%12$&

(%%%%

#

4K(2 !3! $04+ ( % %9%%#:-'2'%

%%'%!3!$04+K1%'

(- $# -2 %

.%%2$&(%!3!

$04+#

?? $&(%%%( ""?$&

( %7""?# ?? ""? %

%% -' %# -' %2 ! $ ! P$2 (

%#!P$$%%%#3%2??(

-%'(%-(%

' (% # %2 -% - ""# 2 -

(#""?(%'%-#!%

%2 - -%2%% % '% -

%'%(2-1

2 9 )%&*' +%2 *% '@5???2D)D"???#


22/37

%'(%#2??(2%%

(-%'(%#6""?(2%%%%'(%#

).??(2""?(!ONO$%%%

'%.%%

%2-,%((

3!#-2%(%$&

%%,'%

#@$&'%

#@#

$ $&2( % '%-%%(93%(?@"#@$%%

R&(&R (2 ( - '% 1 %

%%%%%#8(%(-%

(%%K'%2

%%#!%1%

-%'%%-

%K'%#>(%%1%

(K' %%%(%$&(#

#@#/,

@ !%#>N (9 3%-B' $:%0,%(Q%B'25(2?@"#!#>'%2R4B'.%2 . ( % - $ 2 ' %2 %(2-%'%(%%%%%'#R!#'%2RB'$2

%%2%(%%'%%2-%(22''%%#R

> !..C2'02.9""D"&"2!94+""# 2 684*8!:!*!8$28)*8!*48B!$!$!**4O4)9$B+68$42>>*N*2$??=D""#

!# $O ( -:%0,%(Q%B' B'$>*#??#!# $O'%2 R+9%2 %%21%%%(%-%K'%%%(%%((2#R


23/37

9%$&'%#

( '% % % %%%

K (# $& ( %

# B' $ B$ %

% ' %% &(2 %( '

%%1$%%(

K' %%#= (2 B' B % %

% ' %$#?

+9%'% %1% %2

%2 %# ! % 1%2 %

%%#"

#@#,,

$& % % %

K'%%2%%(%-%1%#:-'2

( %%& % %(# * %

2 %%1$''&

%%2%%K2%2'#

= !#O#!#@'%2R-%'%%!$$$%,

% 1% %( %- :% 0,%(Q% B' 2 B'$%'

%%&(%('%$%%%%%(K'%%(#R

? $#!# O$# !#O$ '%2 R '- %--%2:%0,%(Q%B'%'12-((2%$%%(K'%%11-'%%%#R

" $#!#$P#!#$P'%2R-%'%%2+9( ( % %% % %%( % ; %%%2###R

!#$$9(#!#$$#'%2R$%%% $ % % - ' $%'(-%,(K'%%2%%(%--1%;

%%1%T % %, %'- %.2

%1Q%%'%# 2 1/ ,, ( 2,

!%/2:4@'#U*#""#22 (,3+(2:4@&'#""#


24/37

#@#4!(

%+9(%-,#

9 $&(%%' %

-%+9% ('%%1(

%# ! $$# 9 % ( +

9%%%%

1%#

#@#@

$& ( % % K %(%

%%'%#4+9((K%

1%%((%-%

%K%(%#

#@#>!),02

%'1-%#@

$& * 1 !' ! -% 5( ?=

% %% + 9% %

!#>

!#$$##!# $$#-%2R$ %-%%% 2 % % %, %D% 1V% Q%%%(%%-%%%%1#R #!#$$##!#$$#'%2R$%%%

%%$'-(+(2%1% %%%,%K%# K% %%%%%('%K% - ( % ( *- %('('+9(#K%(,('-

%-%%(#R@ !%2+2$2720%2-(29.%2).%--%*1!'!%#

> !# = ! - :0B B$ !' *19'3%4'%-%1$25(?=#!#='%2 R%! % ( +%(2(5 ((1 ' (% % ( 2 ' + %2- %'2 %%'#R


25/37

6!2'(%+##$

'(%(%

+##(1# =

%%+##$%1(

# #$%% % %%%% +

# # %% % # $

%%%%%%%2%%(1

# # ( % %

%%#?

*'%((2-%%+##$

%+##(1%

###:-'2%'%(%1 +

-(('%%%-%

2-'%%%+

2 1 % % 1 %%

'%2-%(--%%

%%(('%%%

'%%%#%%1(

%%-'%#"

$%%+##$%+ # # ( 1 # # #

:-'2% %(%1 +-%%

-%2-%%

% +2 1 % % 1

%%%#

R'(R%%R###%'-%

-+-(K%%%#%(%(%%('(2'%.K%%(2%-'%%-%%((2%'"(%'1(%%%-.2-.2%%2%%%%2%%%%'(#R

= >2!#>#

? #!##

" !#"#

!##


26/37

8(% % + # # ( - (

%+##$%1

# # $# :-'2 % (%2 ( % 1 +

- ( % -% 2

% - (%21%%1

%%(%#

' !%"()!))*!+"""! #/%+

. 9( 8 !%% %% @

%# 2@ % % %#(2

%%(%%.%%%#

2?%% ( %%Q%2%%(2.9(

%2Q%%%%%20%

%%%.9(Q%'%#

9%"&%%(%%21(2'%2

%-%'2(2(#

9%&'-..%# 9%&'%%# 9% =&> ' %% (

%#

9%&'%%'%#

#!##

2, ( 5%/( !, ( &%, (5.%62D!++D9)D>=!%""#:-'2-D!++D9)D>=!%""%%@@%#:-'2-%%%--% % %2 %'% % % '%%#

:0B0$+2/,%(!,5.2@!#""#


27/37

9% &? % %% % 2 2

%2%%%2

9%@"&@%#-%%!%%9#'%

% % % %# % %

'% % % %' %# (2 % %%

%-%;

)2%%%%%%Q%

%%'#!(

2%

2 ' %@

%%%,- (%K

%% % " % %# 31%'

%% ( ? '

%%%,--(%

K %%# ' % % ' (

1%%%%'2#

!2%%%%'%%%(

' %' %% '%'(&'%&%%#'

%'%%%-;

%%%%'%2 %'%2 %%'%2 %%'%2 %'%2 '%'%2 %'%2 %%'%2 %'%'%2


28/37

2%%'%2 %%'%#

#%!%%39%

/%%-.%%(%%1%%%%2%%2222

' %%2 -2 %. %. %2 %2 %#

%%-1%%121%(1%

%%%%#%/%

%%-#

0,!7/

: +%

!

*' 3

#"

% '( #@ & #@

'%*+'

(% -

--(%#

41

#=

% 1%% - .

%%( %% 1

% % % %2 %%2

22 2 '%%2 -2

%.%.%2%2%#

, 1

%#=@

% 1%% 121%(1+$%%#

%'@"%'(%%%%%%'%#

3&% %% %% 1%%% 8%# #@ %% % 1 1% (%%1(%#

9 #

?

%2%2%%K

K%%-(

%% - ( *

!#


29/37

@ 41

%

#?=

% %%2 %&

%%%%%K

%%%(*3A+1

#

> $ 1%% % - % % 1 '

%%% '

%%%#

9% % 1 % % - '- '%%(%%#

%%%( 9$+ %% (%#

= ! (

#

%%&(#

% % %%' 1 %#

% '%%%%%('%% % % % %

%2 1%%'%2. '% . 2 %%

%%%2%%

2 %% %%% % %

%%2%%%%%2 %%% ('%#

% %% %%!0-"%#

? ! %%(

#

%%'

1%%%#

#/%)%'+

%%-%(-

K%#%-%%((%

,#-%%%%#


30/37

",!!)"-!###!)

: +%

4

)-% #

=

%. %%#

% . ( % -%2 % % %

% - % %% %%( - '%% '

!% 1%%%#

% 1%%%% - '%%

% % - - %#

""&"">

8'-

%'

%

.

%(%

"N

%1%% -'-

% %

%%(%'%

% -

%(%

%#

6

%%

+

#

+ )- %%

-!%

9( '#""

4( 5(""

$

)%

#=

% 1%% -

%%( %%%

! $ )%

9%

(

*

""

@ +%

'

#@"

%1%%-1

% - '

% % (

+%O!

(

5(

""

> 8% $ %%

%

(

*

""


31/37

!&

'

%%

% - &

'%%

( 5(

""

= %%

+'

0%%

'%%

+'0%%

( 0(

""

? 1% -%

- !

%

(

*

""@

" 90%% 0. 1% -% - 9

!

(

*

""@

8$0% - ' (

% - ! 8 $'%

0%%

( 0(

""

8$9 % $% 9( ! ' % % ( %

9 $$ 8$9#

% +(!""%%%(

(

*

""@

9O( % 9

O(9!

(

*

""@

B! %

-%

(3""

#)9(+%3-/%!%%

!,2.%%%%(

%#$%&(%%%3C""D" 3C"">D"#!% '

-%%%""%%-.#

419+ +9+%%% "">#@$

@ 0%( 32 4 '( 3C "">D"2 1 ># 72:% 0,%(/%B'0%(32""


32/37

% %% 9 +2 41 9

++2*'+#+9+%

1#

$(,2,(-%

1#(21%-

.%1+%!%*+!*%%1%

(%#$%2%(%%1

%1%(-%%8%.+.#

3(1%+!*%(%%1

-.'@"

%'%1(%%6W""2"""#""

6W@"2"""#""#>

!%2 %(% K %% 8% . %% .

%%2%2%(%

% ' ( % ( ( %

%#6-%(%2'""D"@%(2

.%%'% %%%.%#-%%1

('%%1$2%%

%&%&+$3%%#.%

(,3C""D"@'%1(%&&3%%# 33C

"">D" .% (

)+(%%/%'

'%K%%8%.(

%$#=

!%B'%%-.'%%

-$+#$- 1 %

-1%%(1%-

%-%#

> 0%( 32 4 '( 3C""D"@2 1 ># 72 :% 0,%(/%B'0%(32""@

21>##

=@1>#!#


33/37

B' % ' ! 9( -

,#(%'.%

%.#(%%%%%

% % % %

2(%2(%%'%.#?

B' % ' ( %

1 E&' &G 3C ""@D">#

%%1#

#@$%%8

$ -% - /% , !

1%+N+1*""%K

%(%1%%#B1-%.('%

%-%%1

K%(%#0%(3%'2EB%%%%

###%%%'%% %

. # # # ' 1 % -

- % %K % 1

(%#G@"0%(3%%%%%-'(

(% %( 2 - -% %(

K2 % % % . '

-(#@

'%%1(%%%3C

""D"@2--%(/%( #!%2''%%

1%(#3C""D""@#$-%%%

%1%#*%'121

%%%%%-%%# @!%

?>1=##

@"##>##

@#

@##>##


34/37

% 2 % % % % %% %( 2

%%2%%-%#@

' %%%% %' % % %(

%(2%(-+

$#-(&%%+$

1%'%%#@

%%(-%

% ! ( 9(%( 0%% 9

!%#0(%%

%%K('%%

.%%2%(462526!#@@

*!!8+-*""2$%'(

1%.)*+%!!8+#!%2$%

%%%'%$%%#

(2 % ($-1%

%%$.#9(2B'

% ' ( % %

%2--1-%%1%2

%$.#!%%(%2%%

- ' % - %%2 2

0'% % % % % - % ' % %%

1%#$%1%1$'2

,%2(%((%-%%#@>

#

. )

%%%%!%--%2 1 1 %%%2 K' %%# '

@##>#"#

@##>##

@@##>##

@>>1>##


35/37

% %- - /%

#

:-'2%.%(-%-%

%,#! -%%'%%%%

%%0&!#

%'&2%%(

%%%-2(2'(22

1 , # $ 21%'2 %' %

%%2%( % - 1%

%.'1-#

%B*9%(%/%,#

*??@&""2'2@B*92-% %& 2 '2 % > B*9#

$'% %-2#%

%# % % %(# 4 - %

%%(#4('%%%%(#+-

%H

%- %# .'%%K(-

%%%%%(2%2%

%2 % %.% ( ( ' %2 .

2 '%' 2 . % %%2 %

''%2 ,(2 ' (%

'# % %% %% %%(%#0%(2

%% %

%%#

B'.%%#312

%% % % 4X2- % 1 %%

%2%%2%D%.%2'

% %(%.' (

%%#((2%%4X%1K(

%1'"#


36/37

-2%1&(/%,%%

( /% % ' # 2 '

%-/%%1%($'(

%%(#/%%%

$(%(#

?@" ( %(% $& %%

% % % %( - $

(%(#-%(%%

%%%$#%%(

%%%$-'%%%''-#

?@"/%(-%((??(#

).??(2""?(!ONO$%%%'%.%%

%2-,%((

3!#-2%(%$&

%%,'%

%K%(%%%'(

/% . %% .

/% % 1 % ( $ '(% ( #

!-%%2$%%

$K%'%(%%

'%

!%!%2

% ' % # !

-'(%((%

. - # # #@S2 -

'(2%#

*% % % %2 . %% '% %

' % %(%# :-'2 '

%1%%'.%%'

%%2(%%K(

%%2'2%%%#%%%(%%


37/37

Documents

CITA Working Paper2 2011