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Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program (CBMP) Approach for Designing Pan-Arctic Biodiversity Monitoring Plans. Mike Gill : CBMP Program Officer, Environment Canada McMurdo Dry Valleys Terrestrial Observation Network: An NSF Workshop. Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Programme (CBMP). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program (CBMP)
Approach for Designing Pan-Arctic Biodiversity Monitoring Plans
Mike Gill: CBMP Program Officer, Environment CanadaMcMurdo Dry Valleys Terrestrial Observation Network: An NSF Workshop
Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Programme (CBMP)
• Arctic Council (CAFF) Program; Led by Canada
• International network improving detection, understanding and reporting of Arctic biodiversity trends
• Focal point for current and credible Arctic biodiversity information
• Bridging the information-policy gap• www.cbmp.is
CBMP Objectives: Adding Value• Monitoring networks coordinated, harmonized
and cost-effective• Best monitoring practices utilized and
promoted• Existing data rescued and utilized• Arctic people involved in monitoring• Current, timely and accurate information on
Arctic biodiversity accessible to decision-makers, including the public
• UNEP Biodiversity Indicator Partnership• Global Earth Observation: Biodiversity
Observation Network• Convention on Biological Diversity • Other AC Working Groups
International and Strategic linkages
Overall Program Design & Organization
• Expert Monitoring Groups (EMGs):– Marine, Coastal, Freshwater, Terrestrial– Ecosystem-based, network of networks – Forum for scientists and community experts– Pan-Arctic, integrated monitoring plans
CBMP Key Initiatives: Coordinated Monitoring
CBMP Monitoring Plans
• Based on clear monitoring questions & user needs• Core set of circumpolar, plus regionally specific metrics
& indicators• Ecosystem-based: Linked to relevant & multiple drivers• Scaled monitoring (e.g. intensive-extensive)• Simple & realistic: based on existing capacity & data• Optimal sampling & partners identified• Adaptive: able to adjust parameters & indicators during
start-up phase• Establish baselines & assessments
CBMP-Terrestrial Plan
• Co-led by Kingdom of Denmark and USA
• Background Paper and two workshops completed
• Plan is being drafted• Release date Jan ‘13
Process for Developing a Pan-Arctic Plan – Background Paper
1. Identify objectives of the monitoring plan – What are the:
– Key science questions to address? – Management objectives for this region? – Reporting mandates?
2. Conduct an inventory/analysis of what existing research & monitoring efforts & data exist & how well they can serve objectives.
Process for Developing a Pan-Arctic Plan – Background Paper
3. Define scope (spatial & thematic) - where relevant, define focal areas for focused monitoring & reporting
4. Develop and agree upon criteria for choosing attributes, parameters, & indicators
5. Develop conceptual model(s) for the ecosystem in question
Process for Developing a Pan-Arctic Plan – First Workshop• Goals: identify focal ecosystem components (FECs),
parameters (metrics) & indicators• Using a scoping process (Adaptive Environmental
Assessment and Management)– Form breakout groups – based on discipline themes (e.g.
vegetation, invertebrates, mammals, birds)– Develop impact hypotheses (IH) and cause effect charts for
these focal ecosystem components– Using the criteria & based on the IH & cause-effect charts,
choose the key attributes for each FEC to measure & determine the most suitable parameters.
Examples: Conceptual Scenarios
Examples: Cause-Effect Charts
POLLUTION/CONTAMINATION FISHERY
CLIMATE CHANGE
OIL SPILLS
HARVESTING
FECSEABIRDS
PREDATION
REPRODUCTION
MARINE HABITATS
TERRESTRIAL HABITATS
ADULT MORTALITY
DISEASES & PARASITES
FOOD AVAILABILITY
DISPERSAL
BODY CONDITION
1
Drivers
EXPLANATIONS:CLIMATE CHANGE1. Climate change affects sea ice distribution and features; water masses distribution2. Climate change affect snow cover, coastal erosion, sea level which important for breeding sites3. Climate change affects distribution, abundance and availability of prey4. Climate change affects distribution, life cycle and virulence of infectouse and parasitic organisms5. Climate change affects distribution of predators6. Climate change affects phenology of dispersal and availability of seasonally important areasPOLLUTION & CONTAMINATION7. Pollution/contamination may increase adult mortality 8. Pollution may reduce reproduction success9. Pollution may decrease body conditionOIL SPILL10. Oil spill may reduce reproduction success11. Oil spill may cause direct mortality12. Oil spill may decrease body conditionFISHERY13. Commercial fishery deplete prey species abundance, on another hand, fishery can provide additional food source14. Fishery can lead to direct seabird mortality in fishing gear (bycatch)DISTURBANCE15. Disturbance can affect reproduction successHABITAT ALTERATION16. Bottom disturbance may affect food availability for benthos feeding seabirds. 17. Area claim and disturbance may reduce availability of suitable breeding sitesALIEN SPECIES18. Introduced species may increase predationHARVESTING23. Harvesting increase adult mortality19. Harvesting may decrease reproduction success
EXPLANATIONS:20. Decreased body condition may decrease reproductive success21. Predation on eggs and chicks will reduce reproduction success22. Seabirds stressed by predators may decrease their body conditions24. Shortage in food may reduce reproduction success25. Shortage in food may decrease body condition26. Changes in distribution and availability of marine habitats may affect food availability for seabirds27. Alteration in ice habitats can affect accessibility of seabirds for their predators (polar bears, arctic foxes).29. Alteration of terrestrial habitat may affect availability of suitable breeding sites30. Changes in distribution of marine habitats may affect migration routes and phenology, location of staging and wintering areas31. Occurrence and types of pathogens and parasites may affect body conditions32. Occurrence and types of pathogens and parasites may affect reproduction success33. Changes in body condition may affect adult mortality34. Body condition affects reproduction success35. Body condition affect bird’s ability to disperse, and vice versa movement distances and time can affect body condition28. Changes in dispersal patterns may cause changes in composition and frequency of pathogens and parasites
Group:
DISTURBANCE
ALIEN SPECIES HABITAT ALTERATION
121197
8
5
6
3
4
2
21
19 23
18
17
16
15 14
13
10
30
29
27
26
31
24
3233
25 22
20
34 2835
Examples: Conceptual Visualization of Arctic Terrestrial Biodiversity Monitoring Scheme
Process for Developing a Pan-Arctic Plan – Second Workshop
• Goals: identify sampling scheme, partners & implementation plan.– Using the inventory/metadata in Background Paper,
come to agreements on sampling methods (spatial and temporal)
– Using the inventory/metadata determine existing networks/groups that can implement
– Develop implementation plan (organizational structure, budget, reporting timelines, data management, etc.)
Example: Pan-Arctic Sampling Design
Spatial distribution of marine population data collected. The size of the circle denotes the number of population time series from that location.
www.asti.is
CBMP Output: Indices and Indicators
CBMP Output Examples: Arctic Report Cards (Ecosystem Chapters)
CBMP Output Examples: Multi-Authored Publications
CBMP Output Examples: Assessments
CBMP Output Examples: Predictive Models
Figure 12. Comparison of observed (A) and predicted (B) population trends expressed as average rates of change, for terrestrial data only. The term lambda means rate of change.
• Be relevant - Clearly articulate objectives, questions & reporting mandates & design plan around these
• Art of the Possible: build a simple plan based on existing/anticipated capacity & data (don’t forget existing data!) & start small
• Budget for Data Management, Analysis & Reporting: plan & agree on data management approach early in process & use new technologies (distributed data networks)
Lessons Learned
Lessons Learned
• Meet annually (at least) to ensure implementation is happening, allow for adjustments to the plan & have performance measures
• Build flexibility and adapt – remember you are guessing on what are the key elements of the system to monitor (time will tell)
• Involve managers & funders in the development• Show value of integration through early results:
– Develop early, targeted products for policy makers, scientists and the public
Photos by Carsten Egevang/ ARC-PIC.comShutterstock.com/Larry MauerShutterstock.com/Oksana PerkinsShutterstock.com/Erkki & HannaU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Thank you
For more information please visit:www.cbmp.iswww.caff.is
Questions To Focus On• With our ‘clients’ in mind…
– In 10 Years, what do we want to be able to say about Antarctic Terrestrial Ecosystems? What elements of the system should we be tracking?
– Therefore, what are the priority indicators to develop?– What data will we need (e.g. What parameters to
measure?)– What driver data is needed to allow us to interpret these
trends?– What conceptual framework should we use to ensure the
system is well covered?
Questions To Focus On
• What existing data and networks do we have that can help us begin to report?
• What new networks (filling gaps) would we need?
• What trends may the plan be unable to detect?
Questions to Focus On• Where should we be sampling? How frequently? (e.g. power
analysis)• What organizational structure will we need to organise the
relevant networks and stations to form and implement an integrated Arctic biodiversity monitoring plan?
• What resources will be required to implement the monitoring plan?
• What critical gaps remain, and what approaches should be considered to fill these?