Circulatory System

MVZ Carinthia Zapata

Components

• Blood and its different

structures

• Heart

• Blood vessels

Blood

• In adults you have 4 to 5 lts. (6 to 8% of

your body weight).

• Has various elements:

– Plasma (55%)

– Red blood cells (45% Erythrocytes)

– White blood cells (Luecocytes)

– Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Plasma

• Fluid with similar color to lemonade.

• Transports blood cells, platelets and some proteins.

• 2/3 of the plasma proteins are albumin, that is

produced in the liver.

Plasma…

• The albumin, with some other proteins, determine

the total blood volume.

Red Blood Cells RBC

• Form 45% of the blood.

• They are called Erythrocytes.

• Biconcave

• They transport O2 for celular respiration and CO2 as

waste (HEMOGLOBIN)

• They are formed in the bone marrow

(ERYTHROPOIESIS)

White Blood Cells

• Leucocytes

• Less abundant than erythrocytes

• They are in charge of the defense of the organism,

identyfing strange cells and material.

• We have 5 different types

Types of Leucocytes

Platelets

• Thrombocytes

• Have no nucleus

• Stop Bleeding

• Last for 1 week, but we produce

millions.

• Made by the bone morrow.

Blood Components

Blood Vessels

• The Heart pumps the blood, and it goes through the

blood vessels ARTERIES.

• From there, the flows to the ARTERIOLS, and after

to the CAPILLARIES.

• Capillaries are arranged in plexus, web.

Blood Vessels

• After the CAPILLARIES, the blood flows through the VENULES, and come back through the VEINS to the HEART.

ARTERIES vs VEINS

• Arteries– Get the blood OUT of the HEART

– Have 5 layers of tissues:

Arteries vs Veins

• Arteriols, veins and venules– All the same layers, except the ELASTIC.

• Veins and Venules: Have VALVES

• Capillaries– Only internal membrane and tunica externa.

In these images you can see the arteries pointed out in yellow and the veins in green. In both cases you can see the regular oval shape of the arteries and the irregular of the veins.

HEART

• Pumps constantly

• The volume that flows within the system in a

minute, its the same as the volume that goes back

to the heart.

PARTS of the HEART

• Mainly is muscle: MIOCARDIO

• Fiber sack that surrounds the heart, giving

protection and lubricating: PERICARDIUM

• Internal chambers have a soft covering,

ENDOCARDIO

• Epithelial cells cover all the interior of the heart,

including the vessels: ENDOTHELIUM

THE HEART External View

THE HEART Internal View

Parts of the Heart

• SEPTUM divides the heart in two halves.

• Each halve has two CHAMBERS: ATRIUM and

VENTRICLE

• Membranous tabs that separate each chamber, and

work as valves of one way are:

ATRIVENTRICULAR VALVES (AV).

AV VALVES

• Right: TRICUSPID

• Left: MITRAL or BICUSPID

• They are connected with the

heart muscle through:

CHORDAE TENDINAE.

SEMILUNAR VALVES (SL)

• Found between the ventricles and the arteries.

- Pulmonary

- Aortic

CORONARY ARTERIES

• Two main vessels from the AORTA that end as a

web, that nourish the cells in the cardiac muscle.

Cardiac Cycle (BEATS)

• Blood is pump every time the heat beats.

• A heart beat is the sequence of the contraction and

relaxation of the chambers.

• Contraction = Systole

• Relaxation = Diastole

• R1 – Closure of AV Valves

• R2 – Closure of SL Valves

Two Circuits

• PULMONARY CIRCUIT: It receives the blood from

the tissues, and circulate is through the lungs for

the gas Exchange.

• It starts when the deoxygenated blood gets to the

RIGHT ATRIUM, and it finishes when the

oxygenated blood gets to the LEFT ATRIUM.

• SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT: Takes the blood to and from

the tissues.

• The oxygenated blood is pumped by the left side of

the heart, and goes back to the RIGHT ATRIUM

deoxygenated.

Conduction System

• 1% of the cells of the heart do not contract.

• They compose CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM

SCC.

• They are specialized cardiac cells, that produce and

conduce electric impulses that stimulate the heart

contraction.

Pacemaker

• These specialized cells are arranged in two nodes:

• Sinoatrial (SA) (or atrial) and atrioventricular (AV)

Nodes.

• The SA Node is found in the superior Wall of the

right atrium, and the AV Node is found in the

septum (through the HIS BUNDLE).

Blood Pressure

• Its the pressure that the blood has against the walls

of the blood vessels.

• It is higher at the aorta, and it diminishes through

the blood circuit.

Hemostasis• Process by which bleeding and

excessive lose of blood is

stopped.

• It includes spasms of the

affected vessel, grouping of

platelets, and clot formation.

Hemostasis

• Starts with a tissue

damage, then muscle

spasms and platelet

grouping.

Blood Types

Blood Types

Diseases

Heart AttackArteriosclerosisAnemia and Leukemia

Heart FailurePhlebitisHypotensionHypertnesionTachycardiaArrythmia

Lymphatic System

• Lymph

• Lymphatic vessels

• Lymph nodes

• Tonsils

• Thymus

• Spleen

Lymphatic System

• Main component of the immune system of the body.

• Extensive web of drainage of the body, that helps

to keep the normal levels of body liquid, and it also

defends the body from infections.

Activity

• Lymph

• Lymphatic vessels

• Lymph nodes

• Tonsils

• Thymus

• Spleen