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CirculatoryCirculatoryExcretory Excretory SystemSystem
By:By:KnoxKnox
PURPOSE
• Move blood, nutrients throughout the body.
• Filters• Composed of• Heart • Vessels (vascular)• Kidneys• Skin• Lymphatic system
To Know for Test• Function- circulatory/excretory system• Heart structures- venae cavae (superior,
inferior), pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, aorta, atrioventricular valves, aortic valve, pulmonary valve, atrium, ventricles.
• Flow of blood in heart and body (arrows)• Function of major blood vessels. (location of
flow through out the body)• Systemic system, Pulmonary system• Normal blood pressure- what #’s mean?• Major organs- circulatory & excretory
system
Vocabulary list• circulatory system heart• atria (atrium) ventricle• venae cavae (superior, inferior) • pulmonary arteries pulmonary vein• aorta arteries• veins capillaries• pulmonary circulation• systemic circulation blood• blood pressure
Vocabulary list
• red blood cells white blood cells
• plasma platelets
• excretory system kidney
• ureter urinary bladder
• nephrons filtration
• Bowman’s capsule urethra
On Test!
Structure
Atrioventricular valves
Atrioventricular valves
Inferior/lower Vena Cava
Superior/upper Vena Cava
Right Pulmonary Arteries
Right Pulmonary Left Pulmonary Arteries
Left
Ascending
Descending Aorta
Atrioventricular valves
Atrioventricular valves
Fig. 30-6 p. 659 Iguana
PATHWAYS OF CIRCULATION
•Pulmonary circulation carries blood between heart & lungs
•Systemic circulation carries blood from heart to rest of body. (Starts at left ventricle and ends at right atrium)
Fig. 30-5 p. 658 Iguana
• http://science.howstuffworks.com/heart2.htm Blood flow in body.
• http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=463638 Blood replacement time?
• Carry blood AWAY from the heart.
• Arteries withstand high pressure-thick
• Arteries carry oxygen rich blood. except for pulmonary arteries,
• Carry blood Carry blood BACK BACK to heart. to heart. • Blood flowing through veins gets pushed from Blood flowing through veins gets pushed from
contractions of skeletal muscles.contractions of skeletal muscles.• Valves do not allow blood to back up.Valves do not allow blood to back up.
Capillaries small thin walled blood vessels allow materials to diffuse between blood and tissues.
So small, blood cells single file.
Fact• If you stretch out all If you stretch out all
the veins, arteries, the veins, arteries, capillaries, and blood capillaries, and blood vessels it would be 50-vessels it would be 50-100,000 miles, almost 100,000 miles, almost 1/3-1/2 the distance to 1/3-1/2 the distance to the moon.the moon.
The Heart-(cardiac muscle)
The Heart Hollow, muscular organ
Contracts at regular intervals approx 72 beats/min.
Circulates blood
The Heart
Enclosed in protective sac-pericardium
Thought as two pumps side by side
Size of fist- grows as fist grows.
Atria- receive blood- TOP
Ventricles -pump out blood BOTTOM
On Test!
Structure
Atrioventricular valves
Atrioventricular valves
Inferior/lower Vena Cava
Superior/upper Vena Cava
Right Pulmonary Arteries
Right Pulmonary Left Pulmonary veins
Left
Ascending
Descending Aorta
Red- Oxygenated
blood
Left SideReceives oxygen
blood from lungs- Pulmonary vein atrium ventricleContractions
force blood from ventricle into AortaSends blood to
body, up & down
Blue- Deoxygenated
blood
Right SideHeart relaxes -pressure forces blood into atrium
Receives blood (Vena cava)
Superior VC -upper body
Inferior VC- lower body
Heart contracts -blood squeezed into ventricle
Blood forced into lungs- Pulmonary artery.
By Pass surgery
Size- Females 9.5 ounces, males 10.5 (men have larger bodies)
The average adult beats 70 times/min
Heart pumps roughly all blood- every minute
Average human 5-6 quarts of blood.
Heart beats approx. 38 million times/year = 700,000 gallons of blood
Olympic pool = 650,000 gallons
By 70 years old, on average, it beats
2.5 billion times! = 48 million gallons!
Heart weighs less than ¾ pound, size of fist!!!!
o Heartbeat starts right atrium in a small group of cells- nickname “pacemaker”
o Pacemaker contracts, send signals to left and right atrium, which then contracts
o Next the right and left ventricle contracts
o Ventricles force blood out.http://science.howstuffworks.com/heart3.htm
Check heart rate
“River of Life”• Blood- liquid connective tissue,
fluid medium of circulatory system.
• Humans- 4 to 6 liters (1-1.5 gallons)
• 45% living cells
• 55% is plasma- mostly water, contains proteins
• Erythrocytes- red blood cells
• Has no nucleus
• Transports oxygen
• Leukocytes – white blood cells, immune system (leukemia?)
•Red Blood cells- 500 red blood cells to 1 white blood cells
• Live for 120 days• 2 million red blood cells die/sec
• White Blood cells (B-cells)-
Produced by bone marrow, immune
PLASMA• 90% water
• 10% dissolved fats, salts, sugar, and plasma proteins
• Tiny fragments of other cells.
• Life span=5-9 days,
• Activated for clotting.
Blood Pressure• Blood Pressure- measure
of force blood exerts against vessel walls.
• Autonomic nervous system regulates
• Systolic- beats, blood out <120
• Diastolic- rests, blood flows in <80
120
80
What do the numbers mean?• Smaller opening = higher pressure (spraying
garden hose with finger over opening- less water comes out!)
• Systolic (1/3 cycle)- Heart beating- High- chances increase for heart problems all ages- especially older
• Diastolic (2/3 cycle) - Heart resting-High- good predictor heart attack for young adults & all ages
• Wide spread between both #’s = not good!
American Heart Association recommended blood pressure levels
Blood pressure Systolic (mm/Hg)
Diastolic (mm/Hg)
Normal LESS than 120 LESS than 80
Prehypertension 120–139 80–89
High
Stage 1 140–159 90–99
Stage 2 160 or higher 100 or higher
Why High Pressure Bad?
• Think of a garden hose that is clogged, constant/continuous HIGH water pressure could blow out the hose, same for blood vessels, plus the heart has to work more, weakens the heart.
Weak area, could burst
The Excretory SystemThe Excretory System
Kidneys, skinKidneys, skinCleans blood. Cleans blood. Gets rid excess water, salt, wastes. Gets rid excess water, salt, wastes. Urine.Urine.Regulates NaCl = regulates blood pressure Regulates NaCl = regulates blood pressure
Daily - 50 gallons blood flow through kidneys.Daily - 50 gallons blood flow through kidneys.Filter blood every 30 minutes.Filter blood every 30 minutes.Kidneys- 1,000,000 nephrons- little mini-Kidneys- 1,000,000 nephrons- little mini-
organs/filters. organs/filters.
KIDNEYS
Located both sides of the spine between thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
***Kidney***• Bean shaped
• Size- fist
• Very important, filters blood
Adrenal glands
The Skin
• Your body works best Your body works best at about 98.6at about 98.6ooF. F.
• Homeostasis- sweats Homeostasis- sweats out wastes (excretes)out wastes (excretes)
Sweat Gland
Lymphatic System
• Immune system filters blood of pathogens/harmful organisms.
To Know for Test• Function- circulatory/excretory system• Heart structures- venae cavae (superior,
inferior), pulmonary arteries, pulmonary vein, aorta, atrioventricular valves, aortic valve, pulmonary valve, atrium, ventricles.
• Flow of blood in heart and body (arrows)• Function of major blood vessels. (flow
through out the body)• Systemic system, Pulmonary system• Normal blood pressure- what #’s mean?• Major organs- circulatory & excretory
system
Review game?