i994

THE PARLiAMENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALiA

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATiVES

MiGRATION LEGiSLATION AMENDMENT BILL 1994

EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

(Circulated by authority of the Minister forImmigration and Ethnic Affairs,

Senator Nick Bolkus)

53203 Cal No. 9441452

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MIGRATION LEGISLATION AMENDMENT BILL 1994

OUTLINE

1 The Migration Legislation Amendment Bill 1994 (hereafterreferred to as the 'MLAB 1994') is a Bill dealing withconsequential and technical matters (some involving minorpolicy refinements) arising from the commencement, on 1September 1994, of the majority of the provisions of theMigration Reform Act 1992 ('the Reform Act').

2 The Reform Act effected a major overhaul of the MigrationAct 1958 ('the Migration Act'). Preparations forimplementation of the Reform Act indicated a need for asignificant amount of fine-tuning of the Act. The commencementof the majority of the provisions of the Reform Act,originally intended to be 1 November 1993, was deferred until1 september 1994 by the Migration Laws Amendment Act 1993.

3 A comprehensive review of the Migration Act, as amendedby the Reform Act, has identified the need for amendments tosections of the Migration Act in addition to the sectionsamended by the Reform Act. Therefore, for draftingconvenience, all of the required amendments have been draftedas amendments to the Migration Act, to take effect immediatelyafter the commencement of the Reform Act.

4 The most important of the amendments are as follows:

three new classes of visa are created (special'purpose visas, absorbed person-visas, and ex-citizenvisas - see the relevant clause notes for furtherexplanation);

the dichotomy between 'approval' and 'grant' isremoved so that there is one decision making processleading to the grant of a visa; and

provision is made so that protection visas may begranted as permanent visas. This reflects thedecision of the Government, on 1. November 1993, thatpersons recognised by Australia as refugees, underthe Refugee convention, would be granted permanentresidence, rather than temporary residence which wasthe policy when the Reform Act was enacted.

5 The MLAB 1994 also makes some amendments to thosesections of the Reform Act which do not amend the MigrationAct. These are mostly technical amendments. However, theregulation-making power in section 40 of the Reform Act hasbeen amended to deal with some additional matters and a newsection 41 has been inserted to provide for transitionalarrangements in relation to non-citizens who are illegalentrants because of the to be repealed section 20. Theamendments are set out in Schedule 2 of the MLAB 1994.

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6 Finally, the MLAB 1994 makes consequential technicalamendments to a number of other Commonwealth Acts, primarilyto reflect the changed terminology introduced by the ReformAct.

7 The most significant of the consequential amendments arethose made to the Australian Citizenship Act 1948 (ACA),including amendments to:

ensure that New Zealand citizens resident inAustralia continue to be regarded as permanentresidents for the purpose of acquiring Australiancitizenship;

ensure New Zealand citizen parents of Australian­born children will be treated as permanent residentsfor the purposes of the ACA;

allow deferral of consideration of citizenshipapplications for 12 months (consistent with the newcancellation regime introduced by the Reform Act)while a person is under investigation which may leadto visa cancellation or to criminal charges; and

amend the discretionary power to grant citizenshipto spouses and widow(er)s of Australian citizens toensure that citizenship is granted only to permanentresidents.

FINANCIAL IMPACT STATEMENT

8 The amendments made by the MLAB 1994 will have nofinancial ,impact.

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NOTES ON INDIVIDUAL CLAUSES

CLAUSE 1 SHORT TITLE

CLAUSE 3 PRINCIPAL ACT

PART 2 AMENDMENTS OF THE MIGRATION ACT 1958

1 This clause provides that the Act may be cited as theMigration Legislation Amendment Act 2994.

6 This clause amends, omits, substitutes, and inserts anumber of definitions in section 4 of the principal Act:

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COMKENCEMENT

INTERPRETATION

CLAUSE 2

2 This clause provides that the short title andcommencement sections commence on the day on which the MLAB1994 receives the Royal Assent.

3 The clause also provides that section 84, and Schedule 2(Which amends provisions 'of the Reform Act), are taken to havecommenced immediately' 'after the Reform Act received the RoyalAssent.

4 The clause also provides that the remaining provisions ofthe MLAB 1994' commence immediately after the commencement ofsection 3 of the Reform Act, ie 1 September 1994.

5 This clause 'provides that, in Part 2 of the Act, theexpression 'principal Act' is a reference to the MigrationAct.

CLAUSE 4

the definition of 'holder' is amended to reflect thenew concept of 'visa period' (see definition below);

the definition of 'immigration detention' isbroadened to include, in relation to a non-citizenwho is prevented under section 87 from leaving avessel, detention on the vessel;

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Ithe definition of 'master' is amended to reflect thefact that the definition of 'vessel' is beingamended to include an 'installation'; J

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the definition of 'non-disclbsable information' isamended. 'Non-disclosable information' isinformation which does· not have-to be released aspart of the statutory natural justice process whichapplies to visa applications and some visacancellations (see sectiOn 26Y and section 50AF).paragraph (0) of the definition refers to'information or-matter that waS given to theMinister- or an officer in confidence'. A literalinterpretation of this limb of the definition wouldencompass information which was not inherentlyconfidential and information provided by otherCommonwealth Departments. To avoid this outcome thedefinition has been amended to 'refer to informationor matter 'whose disclosure would found an action bya person, other than the-Commonwealth, for breach ofconfidence'. This approach is the same as that takenin the Freedom of Information Act 1982;

the definition of 'old visa' is amended in paragraph(0) by omitting the word 'force' and sUbstitutingthe word 'effect';

the definition of 'Territory' is amended to remove aredundant reference to a previously repealed sectionof the Principal Act;

the definition of 'vessel' is expanded to include'an installation'. This ensures that personsentering Australian ports on an installation aresUbject to the same immigration clearance regime aspersons entering Australian ports on other vessels;

the definition of 'allowed inhabitant of theProtected Zone' is replaced by a definition whichwill place fewer restrictions on the inhabitants ofthe Protected Zone (an area between Australia andPapua New Guinea). Rather than an automaticexclusion of inhabitants with serious healthproblems or criminal records, which is the effect ofthe existing definition, the new definition createsa discretion to exclude such persons -by means efaministerial declaration under section 17;

the definitions of 'applicable pass mark' and'assessed ,score' are amended to reflect amendmentsmade to the Principal Act by the Migra~ion Amendment("Points System") Act 1993;

the definition of 'health criterion' has beenamended to more accurately reflect the range ofmatters covered by the health criteria set out inthe Migration (~993) Regu~ations;

the s~cond occurring definition of 'visa' is omittedbecause the term is a~ready defined;

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7 This clause amends subsection 14(1) to ensure that it isonly a visa which is 'in effect' that causes a non-citizen inthe migration zone to be a lawful non-citizen.

LAWFUL NON-CITIZENS

a definition of 'visa period' has been included. Thepurpose of this definition is to provide a logicaland consistent method for· referring .to the operationof visas. The existing references to visas being 'inforce' and 'in effect' were confusing. Allreferences to visas being 'in force' have beenremoved. However there is a need to have adistinction between the visa being in existence (iebetween grant and ceasing to be in effect) and thevisa being in effect. This reflects the fact that avisa may be granted on one date but not come intoeffect until a later date. The definition of 'visa

_periOd' provides that the visa period begins whenthe visa is granted and ends when the visa ceases tobe in effect. However an exception is made forbridging visas which may enter into effect and ceaseto be in effect on more than one occasion (see theexplanation in relation to subsection 26ZK(4».

the definition of 'approve' has been omitted. Thisrelates to the ~emoval of the two stage process ofapproval and grant, and its replacement~by a singleprocess of grant;

'absorbed person visa', 'ex-citizen visa' and'special purpose visa' are defined to have the~eanings given, respectivelY, by section 26AB,section 26AC, and section 26AA; and

CLAUSE 5

8 The clause also omits sUbsection 14(3). It is notnecessary to provide special status for the persons covered bythat subsection as they are taken to have been granted anabsorbed person visa (see section 26AB). As such they arelawful non-citizens by virtue of subsection 14(1).

CLAUSE 6 EFFECT OF CANCELLATION OF VISA ON STATUS

9 This clause amends section 16 to clarify that a non-citizen whose visa is cancelled does not become an unlawfulnon-citizen if the non-citi~en holds another visa that is ineffect immediately after the cancellation.

CLAUSE 7

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CLASSES OF VISAS

10 This clause adds a new subsection (4) to section 26 whichprovides that 'the regulations may prescribe whether visas ofa class are visas to travel to and enter AUstralia, or-toremain in Australia, or both'. These visa types are describedin section 24. However there was a doubt about whether aregulation-making power could be exercised in relation tothese matters. The new subsection put~ beyond doubt thecapacity of the regulations to determine which visas are to bevisas to travel and enter, which visas are to be -visas toremain, and which visas are tabe both.

11 This clause also adds a .new subsection (5) to section 26which provides that 'a visa is a visa of a particular class ifthis Act or the regulations specify that it is a visa of thatclass' . This amendment is intended to make it clear that'class' is used as a term of art in the Migration Act and isnot to be constrained by a dictionary definition of the term'class'. In particular, it is intended that the regulationsmade under the Migration Act will provide for a class of visato include one or more subclasses, containing alternative setsof criteria to be met as preconditions to grant.

12 As a corollary to this amendment, there are variousconsequential amendments in the MLAB 1994 to replacereferences to 'visa in a class' with the expression 'visa of aclass'. As both expressions can be found in the Migration Actas presently in force, the amendments will bring about aconsistent use of terminology.

13 The clause also ,includes in section 26 a reference to thenew classes of-visa which are provided for by theMLAB 1994jie the special purpose visa, ex-citizen visa, and absorbedperson visa. The amendment also makes it clear that thecriteria for the grant of these new visas .are contained withinthe Migration Act, and, unlike all other visas (exceptcriminal justice visas), those criteria may not besupplemented by criteria contained in the Regulations.

CLAUSE 8 INSERTiON OF NEW SECTiONS

14 This clause inserts new sections, as set out below, inthe Migration Act.

Section 26AA Special purpose visas

15 This section provides for a class of temporary visas tobe ~~own as special purpose ,visas. Under the Migration Act, ascurrently in force, there are various categories of personswho do not require entry. permits to remain lawfully inAustralia, egNew Zealand citizens, permanent residents of~orfolkIsland, ships crew on shore leavej diplomatic andconsular representatives, members of armed forces of theCrown. These persons are defined by the Migration Act (section4) as 'exempt rion-citizens'.

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16 The Reform Act, in introducing a universal visarequirement, dealt with 'exempt non-citizens' by creating avisa class known as 'special category visa' which would besubject to all the usual provisions relevant to visas such asthe need for an application, the need for an administrativegrant of the visa, and the need for the grant to be evidenced.The creation of special purpose visas reflects a recognitionthat the administrative procedures required to apply thespecial category visa regime to all 'exempt non-citizens'would be unduly complex. The special category visa class willbe retained, specifically for New Zealand citizens. othercategories of 'exempt non-citizen' will be brought within thespecial purpose visa class, with the exception of permanentresidents of Norfolk Island who will be eligible for anotherclass of visa to be created in the regulations.

17 special purpose visas will, by operation of law,begranted to non-citizens who have a prescribed status or aremembers of a class of persons having a prescribed status. Aprescribed status means a status provided for in theregUlations. In addition, to cater for unusual orunanticipated situations which require an immediatehumanitarian response by Australia (eg admitting an otherwiseineligible person to attend a funeral, and humanitarian casesin time of war or emergency), provision is made for theMinister to declare in writing that a person ora class ofpersons are to be taken to have been granted a special purposevisa.

18 The ministerial declaration power mirrors the existingpower for the Minister to afford exempt non-citizen status, byan instrument pUblished in the gazette; to named persons orclasses of persons (see paragraph (e) of the definition of'exempt non-citizen' in section 4 of the Migration Act ascurrently in force). The requirement for gazettal has beenreplaced by a requirement for tabling in Parliament of astatement setting out the contents of, and reasons for, thedeclaration (without disclosing the name of the person to whomthe declaration applies or, if appropriate, the name of anyother person). This is identical to the approach taken to theMinister's other pUblic interest discretionary powers underthe Migration Act (see sections 115G, 121, 15QL, 166BE and166HL).

19 In addition to grant occurring by operation of law ratherthan requiring administrative action on each occasion, specialpurpose visas are exempt from other provisions regulating thevisa application and cancellation process. In place of theseprocesses, subsection 26AA(9) provides that the Minister maymake a written declaration that it is undesirable that aperson, or any persons in a class of persons, travel to andenter Australia or remain in Australia. The effect of such adeclaration is that the non-citizen(s) cannot be granted a

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special purpose visa (subsection 26AA(3}). However, if thenon-citizen(s) had previously been deemed to have been granteda special purpose visa,. the visa ceaseS to be in force on theday that the declaration is made.

20 The declaration power is identical to the power undersection 16 of the Migration Act, prior to amendment by theReform Act, -in relation to the termination of the status ofexempt non-citizen. The power is complementary to the specialpurpose visa provisions introduced by the MLAB 1994 and allowsfor the termination of the special purpose visa wherenecessary.

21 Subsections 26AA(4) and 26AA(5) otherwise provide for thecommencement and cessation of a special purpose visa to belinked to the acquisition and loss of a prescribed status, orthe making and revocation of a ministerial declaration.

section 2 GAB Absorbed person visas

22 This section provides for the deemed grant of a permanentvisa, called an absorbed person visa, to non-citizens in themigration zone who:

on 2 April 1984 Were in Australia;. and

before that date had ceased to be immigrants; and

on or after that date, had not left Australia, whereleft Australia has the meaning it had in this Actbefore 1 September 1994; and

immediately before 1 September 1994, were notpersons to whom section 20 of the Act as in forcethen applied.

23 Absorption is a constitutional doctrine developed by theHigh Court in the interpretation of placitum 51 (xxvii) of theconstitution (the 'immigration and emigration' power). Thedoctrine holds that a person who arrives in Australia as animmigrant does not remain an immigrant for all time. At somepoint the immigrant will be 'absorbed' into the Australiancommunity and will cease to be an immigrant. When this occurs,the person will have moved beyond the, scope of legislationwhich depends on the immigration power in the Constitution.

24 Because of problems caused by the absorption doctrine forthe administration of theMigra~ion Ac~, the constitutionalbasis of the Act was altered, with effect from 2 April 1984(see theMigra~ion Amendment- Act 1983), 0 that it henceforthrested on placitum51(xix) (the 'natural zation and aliens'power). ,An alien only ceases to be an al en by becoming anAustralian citizen.

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25 There remains a small number of absorbed persons, who arelawfully in Australia as permanent residents despite notholding an entry permit. The Reform Act provided that thesepersons were an exception to the universal visa requirementintroduced by that Act (see subsection 14(3) of the MigrationAct as.amended by the Reform Act).

26 This section takes the further step of bringing absorbedpersons within the visa system by deeming them to hold apermanent visa. They are thereby placed in the same positionas all other permanent visa holders, eg their visas will besUbject to the exercise of the cancellation power in section180A of the Migration Act.

27 The absorbed person visa is a visa to remain in, but notre-enter, Australia. However a person holding an absorbedperson visa would be eligible to apply for a resident returnvisa on the same basis as other permanent residents.

Section 26AC Ex-citizen visas

28 This section provides for the deemed grant of a class ofpermanent visa, to be known as an ex-citizen visa, to non­citizens in the migration zone (see definition of 'migrationzone' in section 4) who were Australian citizens and cease tobe Australian citizens while in the migration zone.

29 The need for this class of visa arises from theintroduction, by the Reform Act, of the requirement that non­citizens hold a visa to be lawfully in Australia, and therequirement for mandatory detention of non-citizens who do nothave visas (see section 54W). Australian citizenship may belost by renunciation or by deprivation. Deprivation occursautomatically in many cases where an Australian citizenacquires a foreign citizenship (see section 17 of the ACA).Many citizens who lose citizenship while in Australia wouldnot, if not for this section, hold a visa (either because theywere citizens by birth and never held a visa or because theirpermanent visa had ceased to be in force after they becamecitizens).

30 The section also includes a transitional provision(sUbsection 26AC(2» which deems the grant of ex-citizen visasto persons who ceased, before 1 September 1994/ to beAustralian citizens while in the migration zone and who havenot left Australia since that time.

31 This clause amends section 26B. It provides for theomission of the word' temporary' from section 26B whichcreates protection visas. Protection visas will be availablefor persons to whom Australia has protection obligations underthe 1951 Refugees Convention as amended by the 1967 RefugeesProtocol. The omission of the word 'temporary' reflects therecent decision of the Government that refugees be able to

CLAUSE 9 PROTECTION VISAS

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access permanent residence in Australia, rather than temporaryresidence which was the policy at the time of enactment of -theReform-Act.

32 The provisions ofsection-26B do not impose anydisadvantage on those seeking asylum in Australia comparedwith the provisions applying for protection of refugees undercurrent legislation. The cessation and exclusion_clauses ofArticle 1 of the Refugees Convention and Protocol continue toapply in respect of the protection visa as they now apply tothe Domestic Protection (temporary) entry permit and willapply to Permanent Protection Entry Permits from when-theycommence operation on 1 March 1994 until they are supercededby protection visas on1 september 1994.

CLAUSE 10 BRIDGING VISAS

33 This clause amends section 26Cto allow for more than oneclass of bridging visa. This reflects the fact that bridgingvisas will serve a number of different purposes with differentcriteria (to be set out in the regulations) and it is morelogical to create separate classes of bridging visa ratherthan having one class with a number of subclasses.

CLAUSE 11 CIRCUMSTANCES FOR GRANTING VISAS

34 This clause amends section-26F to reflect the fact that apersoriWho is refusedinunigration clearance will neverthelessbe taken to have been immigration cleared if a substantivevisa is later granted. Regulations controlling the granting ofvisas may need to employ this distinction which is absent fromsubsection 26F(2) as currently drafted.

12 CONDITIONS ON VISAS

A visa granted under the Migration Act includes whateverconditions _are imposed on __ the visa when the visa is granted.This clause amends section 26G to restore the flexibility irirelation to the imposition of conditions on visas which exists

the Migration Act (subsection 24(5) prior to amendment byReform Act), and which was inadvertently removed by that

36 The amended section makes provision for the imposition ofdiscretionary conditions, subject to the regulations, by the ­officer granting the visa. It is a requirement that the rangeof conditions which maybe imposed be prescribed in theregulations, but it is not the intention that the regulations

detail which conditions attach to each visarather that, within the range of

by 'the regulations, -- the officer grantingsuch conditions as appear, having regard to

instructions, to be appropriate in thecase.

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37 This clause amends section 26H by inserting the words'that is in effect' after 'visa'. The objective is t~ ensurethat only visas that are in effect are valid .for travel toAustralia (see the explanation of the distinction betweenvisas being in existence - the 'visa period' - and their being'in effect' in the last dot point of paragraph 6, above).

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VISA ESSENTIAL FOR TRAVEL

VISA HOLDERS MUST USUALLY ENTER AT A PORT

CLAUSE 13

CLAUSE 14·

38 This clause inserts a new subsection in section 26J whichprovides that a visa holder who travels to and entersAustralia on an aircraft is taken to enter Australia when theaircraft lands. This amendment is necessary to reconcile thedefinitions of 'enter Australia', which means enter themigration zone, with section 26J which requires entry to occurat a port. In the case of an aircraft flying into Australia,the result would be that entry may occur some hours before theaircraft actually lands (eg where an aircraft bound forMelbourne enters the migration zone in Western Australia orthe Northern Territory). .

39 The clause also makes a technical amendment to section26J by inserting the words 'travel to and' before the firstoccurrence of the word 'enter'. This reflects the fact thatvisas may be visas to travel to and enter Australia but arenever merely visas to 'enter' (see section 24). The clausealso amends section 26J by inserting the words 'that is ineffect' after 'Australia' (first occurring) to ensure thatonly visas that are in effect are valid to enter Australia(see the explanation of the distinction between visas being inexistence - the 'visa period' - and their being 'in effect' inthe last dot point of paragraph 6, above).

CLAUSE 15 APPLICATION FOR VISA

40 This clause amends subsection 26L(1) which provides thatsUbject to this Act and the regulations a non-citizen whowants a visa must apply for it. The amendment is intended toreflect. the fact that not all visas are relevant to anapplicant. Administrative workability requires that anapplicant apply for a visa of a particular class.

41 The clause also amends subsection 26L(3) to reflect thefact that a person who is refused immigration clearance willnevertheless be taken to have been immigration cleared if asubstantive visa is later granted.

42 The clause also makes technical amendments to section26Lto ensure consistent use of terminology.

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CLAUSE 16

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VALID VISA APPLICATION

43 This clause amends section 26M to allow flexibility -inthe regulations to grant a visa toa person without the needfor that person to make an application; For example, there maybe situations where an unlawful- -non-citizen refuses to applyfor a visa. This would result in the mandatory detention ofthat person under section 54W even though good grounds mayexist for that not to occur. There is therefore a need for thecapacity to grant a visa, in prescribed situations, withoutthe need for an application.

44 The clause also makes technical amendments to section 26Mto ensure consistent use of terminology.

CLAUSE 17 CONSIDERATION OF VALID VISA APPLICATION

45 This clause makes technical amendments to section 26N. Inparticular, the amendments reflect the removal from theMigration Act of the two step process of approval and grantwhich was introduced by the Reform Act (see section 26ZF andsection 26Z1 of the Migration Act as amended by the ReformAct). This reflects more accurately the administrativeprocesses involved in decision-making on visas. 'The reversionto a single statutory step involving the grant of, a visa(section 26ZF of the Migration Act as amended by the MLAB1994}·necessitates am~ndments to terminology to.removeexpressions such as /approved or refused/ and substitution ofexpressions such, as/grant/ or refusal to grant/.

CLAUSE 18 REPEAL OF SECTION AND SUBSTITUTION OF NEWSECTION

Section 26P

46 This clause provides for the repeal and substitution ofsection 26P to overcome technical problems with the section.

Non-citizen refused a visa or whose visacancelled may only apply for particular visas

47 The substituted section 26P has the same substantiveeffect as the repealed section. The'section is intended tolimit repeat applications by persons seeking to ,delaydeparture or removal· from Australia/ where there is·no seriousbasis for making a further application.

48 The major technical defect in theto~be-repealedsectionis in sUbsection 26P(2} which provides that "one of thecriteria in a class prescribed for:'>the purposes of ·section26Pis that there has been a prescribed change in circumstances~ince.theevents referredto·in subsectio;n26P(1}'occurred.It1S arguable that the effect of the section is that allrelevant visas must have a criterion to the effect that /there

,'has.been a prescribed change in circumstances since therefused application or cancellation/. This would introduce a~omplexity into the regUlations which was not, intended. Theamendment ensures that there is scope to prescribe classes of

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55 This clause repeals section 26V and substitutes anewsection 26V.

49· The classes to be prescribed.forthe purposes of section26P will include the protection visa. .

WITHDRAWAL OF VISA APPLICATION

COMMUNICATION OF APPLICANT OR INTERESTED PERSONWITH MINISTER

COMMUNICATION OF MINISTER WITH APPLICANT

REPEAL OF SECTION AND SUBSTITUTION OF NEWSECTION

CLAUSE 19

CLAUSE 20

CLAUSE 21

52 This clause amends section 26T. It makes a technicalchange to terminology in section 26Q.

53 This clause.e~ands the scope of section 26T so that, inaddition to requJ.rJ.ng an applicant to 'communicate with- theMinister in the prescribed way, the section also requires any'interested person' to communicate with the Minister in theprescribed way. 'Interested person' is defined to mean aperson who wants or is requested to give information about theapplicant to the Minister~ .

51 The clause amends section 26Q. It makes technicalamendments to section 26Pto ensure consistent use ofterminology.

visa for the purposes of section 26p,the criteria for whichmay particularise the changes of circumstances: that must haveoccurred since the happening of the events referred to insubsectIon 26P(1).

50 The other technical defect in the section which isremedied by the amendment is the inclusion of a reference tothe cancellation power in section l80Ain subsection 26P.

CLAUSE 22

54 This clause amends section 26U to modify the regimegoverning communication by the Minister with the applicant.Where an applicant nominates a specified person (egasolicitor, migration agent, friend, or relative) to receivenotifications it will be mandatory to send those notificationsto that person. As a counter-balance to this Obligation, thesection will also provide that, SUbject to the regulations,only one person may be specified to receive the notificationsat any particular time. The section will also provide that theMinister may communicate directly with the applicant providedthat the specified person is informed about the communication.

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Section 26V

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Minister must have regard to all informati~n inapplication

56 Section 26V has been redrafted to clarify its intendedoperation. The section makes it clear that the Minister musthave regard to ail information provided by an applicant in hisor her application. This overcomes a possible confusion aboutthe Minister's obligations arising from the use of~theword

'may' in the repealed sUbsection 2~V(1).

57 The section also makes it clear that the Minister musthave regard to any additional 'information provided by theapplicant in accordance with section 26W.

CLAUSE 23 REPEAL OF SECTION AND SUBSTITUTION OF NEWSECTION

58 This clause repeals section 26Y and sUbstitutes a newsection 26Y.

section 26Y certain information must be given to applicant

59 This section has been redrafted to describe with greaterclarity the information which must be given to applicants forvisas which can be-granted in the migration zone and which aresUbject to merits review if refused. In addition, theredrafted section has the effect that iriformation-which hasbeen provided to the Department by a third party with thepermission of the applicant must nevertheless be provided tothe applicant. This is a departure from the repealed section,and reflects a view that it would be fairer and simpler forthe Department to provide an applicant with all relevantinformation even if that information could be obtained fromthe third party who had provided the information with,thepermission of the applicant.

CLAUSE 24 INVITATION TO GIVE FURTHER INFORMATION ORCOMMENTS

60 This clause amends section 26Z to reflect the fact thatfurther information may be sought, under section 26X, frompersons other than the applicant.

CLAUSE 25 WHEN DECISION ABOUT VISA MAY BE MADE

61 This clause amends section 26ZE to reflect the removal ofthe approval/grant dichotomy. The clause also amends thesection to make it clear that the Minister may grant or refusea visa at any time subject to:

section 26E (criterion limiting number of visas);

section 26Y (give applicant information);

s1ction 28B (effect of limit ,on visas);

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62 This clause inserts a new section 26ZEA.

Section 25ZEA Notice of assessment

section 28 (no further processing);

section 31 (put aside under points system); and

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OMISSION OF HEADING AND SUBSTITUTION OF NEWHEADING

DECISION TO GRANT OR REFUSE TO GRANT VISA

NOTIFICATION OF DECISION

INSERTION OF NEW SECTION

the limitations set out in subsection 26ZE(2) andsubsection 26ZE(3).

CLAUSE 25

CLAUSE 27

63 As a consequence of the removal of the approval/grantdichotomy, it is necessary to include anew statutorymechanism as the 'trigger' for the payment of relevant taxesand charges. section 26ZEA provides for a 'written notice' tobe provided to applicants who have satisfied all prescribedcriteria for the grant of the visa and who must pay~ before avisa can be granted, monies imposed by one or more of thefollowing Acts:

Migrg~ion (HeaL~h Services) charge Ac~ 1991;

IJrUnigration (EducaUon) Charge Act 1992; or

Migration (Delayed visa Applications) Tax Act 1992.

64 The intention is that the notice of the assessment wouldallow a reasonable time in which to pay appiicablecharges ortaxes. A deci~;ion on the application would generally only betaken after that time expired.

65 This clause omits the heading and substitutes a newheading to reflect the removal of the approval/grantdichotomy.

CLAUSE 28

66 This clause amends section 26ZF to reflect theelimination of the approval/grant dichotomy, and to maketechnical amendments to take account of the MigrationAmendment ("Points System") Act 1993.

CLAUSE 29

67 This clause amends section 26ZG to reflect theelimination of the approval/grant dichotomy.

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68 The clause also amends paragraph 26ZG(4) (cl to make itclear that the reasons which must be given are writtenreasons~ The paragraph will then attract the operation ofsection 25D of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901 which providesthat a reference to reasons (where they are required to bewritten) also requires that findings of fact be set out andreference made to the evidence or other material on whichthose findings were based. It is intended that the noticeprovided under section 26ZG will avoid the necessity toprovide separate statements of reasons under theAdministrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977.

69 The clause also omits and substitutes a new sUbsection26ZG(5) to reflect the pOlicy intention which is that reasonsfor decisions do not have to be provided, under section 26ZG,if the application is for a visa'which cannot be granted inthe migration zone unless the application is one which entailsa right to merits review of the decision.

CLAUSE 30 EFFECT OF COMPLIANCE OR NON-COMPLIANCE

70 This clause amends section 26ZH to:

clarify that the section only operates in respect ofactions by the Minister rather than the applicant orany other person; and

reflect the removal of the approval/grant dichotomy.

71 This clause provides for section 26ZH-to be renumbered assection 26ZKA and relocated so that it appears after section26ZK in Subdivision AE of Division 2 of Part 2.

CLAUSE 31 OMISSION OF HEADING

72 This clause provides for the omission of the heading toSubdivision AD of Division 2 of Part 2.

CLAUSE 32 REPEAL OF SECTION

73 This clause provides for the repeal of section 26ZI,which is consequential upon the elimination of theapproval/grant dichotomy. The section which now deals with thegrant of visas is section 26ZF.

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CLAUSE 33

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WHEN VISA IS IN EFFECT

74 This clause omits and substitutes subsection 26ZK(2) toprovide greater flexibility in relation to the coming intoeffect of visas. The effect of subsection 26ZK(1) is that, ifthere is no indication in the visa of the date on which a visais intended to come into effect, it will come into effect onthe date that it is granted. However, subsection 26ZK(2)provides that a visa may provide that it is to come intoeffect from a date, being a date after its grant:

(a) specified in the visa; or

(b) when an event, specified in the visa, happens.

75 It shoUld be noted that references to 'the visa' are notreferences to the document (traditionally a label placed in apassport) which is created as evidence of the visa (seesection 26ZL). In accordance with section 26ZJ, a visa isgranted by the Minister causing a record of it to be made.This means that the specification of a date or event for thepurpose of subsection 26ZK(2) will be part of that record,which may, for example, be a record in a computer database.The information would usually be included, but does notnecessarily have to be included, in the physical document (ifany) which is given to evidence the grant of the visa.

76 The clause also inserts a new subsection 26ZK(3) whichputs it beyond doubt that a visa can only be in effect duringthe visa periOd for the visa. 'Visa period' is defined insection 4.

77 The clause also inserts a new SUbsection 26ZK(4) whichprovides a special regime in relation to the effect ofbridging visas. It is intended that the visa period of abridging visa will continue until it ceases to be in effect inaccordance with section 26ZW (other than subsection 26ZW(2A»and that it may enter into effect, and cease to be in effectas necessary having regard to Whatever substantive visas or 'any other bridging visas the non-citizen holdS during the visaperiod of the bridging visa.

CLAUSE 34 REPEAL OF SECTION AND SUBSTITUTION OF NEWSECTION"

78 This clause Provides for the repeal and substitution ofsection 26ZN. That section is an interpretation section whichdefines who is eligible for the grant of a bridging visa, thepurpose of Which is to avoid mandatory detention of unlawfulnon-citizens under section 54W.

I

section 26ZN Interpretation

19

79 The repealed section 26ZN referred to 'detention non­citizens/which was inappropriate terminology given that therewill be no likelihood of detention in relation to the vastmajority of non-citizens who require bridging visas, eg tomaintain lawful status while a substantive visa application isbeing processed, or to allow additional time in which todepart Australia after the expiry of a substantive visa.Section 26ZN now refers to 'eligible non-citizens'.

80 An leligible non-citizen I means a non-citizen who:

Ca) has been immigration cleared; or

(b) is in a prescribed class of persons.

81 The effect of this definition is that all non-citizens inAustralia will, sUbject to the satisfaction of prescribedcriteria, be eligible for the grant of a bridging visa, withthe exception of persons who arrive in Australia withoutauthority and who are refused immigration clearance or bypassimmigration clearance (see section 54HS). The sectiontherefore has the effect of requiring the detention ofunauthorised arrivals. However, there is a mechanism availableto confer eligibility for bridging visas on such persons (thecapacity, in paragraph (b) of the definition, to prescribe aclass of persons as 'eligible non-citizens').

CLAUSE 3S REPEAL OF SECTION AND SUBSTITUTION OF NEWSECTIONS

82 This clause provides for the repeal of section 26ZP('Furthe~ applications for bridging visa') and for thesubstitution of the following sections.

Section 26ZP Further application for bridging visa

83 Section 26ZP has been redrafted to provide for consistentterminology having regard to ,the elimination of theapproval/grant dichotomy.

Section 26ZPA When eligible non-citizen in immigrationdetention granted visa

84 This section will allow the regulations to establish aprocedural "safeguard for applicants for bridging visas who arein detention. The scheme created by :the Reform Act providedfor mandatory detention of unlawful rion-citizens but did notrequire applications for bridging visas (the mechanism forobtaining release from detention) to be processed within aSpecified timeframe.

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85 The section provides that if a decision on an applicationis not made within a prescribed time (which may be extended byagreement between the applicant and the Minister)~ theapplicant is. taken to have been granted a bridging visa of aprescribed class on prescribed conditions (if any) at the endof that period.

CLAUSE 36 VISAS HELD DURING VISA PERIOD

86 This clause amends section 26ZR to reflect the newconcept of the "visa period ll (see the last dot point inparagraph 6 above).

CLAUSE 37 CHILDREN BORN IN AUSTRALIA

87 This clause amends section 26ZS so that a child born inAustralia to a lawful non-citizen (other than the holder of aspecial purpose visa) is taken to hold a visa or visas, ratherthan being included in any visa or visas held by the parents.This better reflects the general position, although it is nota universal rule (see section 27, section 50F, and thedefinition of 'holder' in section 4), that under the Migrat;ionAct; every lawful non-citizen holds a visa and that a visa doesnot apply to more than one person.

CLAUSE 38 REPEAL OF SECTION AND SUBSTITUTION OF NEWSECTION

88 This clause provides for the repeal and substitution ofsection 26ZU.

section 2EiZU certain persons taken not to leave Australia

89 The section has been redrafted to better express thepOlicy intention which is that passengers and crew on roundtrip cruises, fishermen, and others who leave Australia andreturn within a prescribed time are taken not to leaveAustralia provided that they do not go to a foreign country(other than for transit purposes).

CLAUSE 39 WHEN VISAS CEASE TO BE IN EFFECT

90 This clause amends section 26ZWto make a number of minorand technical amendments:

the wording of the section has been clarified toreflect the elimination of references to visas being'in force', Those references are replaced byreferences to visas being 'in effect';

f,[

tf

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subsection 26ZW(2) has been amended to provide thatthe deemed grant of a special purpose visa does notcause any other visa held by a non-citizen to ceaseto be in effect. Special purpose visas are forlimited and-temporary purposes and are granted byoperation of law. It would be inappropriate.ifanother visa, eg a visitor visa or a visa fortemporary residence, was to cease to be in effectbecause the holder entered Australia with a statuswhich caused a special purpose visa to be granted;'

a new subsection 26ZW(2A) provides that a bridgingvisa ceases to be in effect if another visa (otherthan a special purpose visa) for the non-citizencomes into effect. This relates to the specialregime for bridging visas- contained in section 26ZKi

at present it is necessary to take cancellationaction, under se¢tion 26 of the Migration Act, inrelation ~o resident return visas (or other returnfacilities) held by deportees. "A-new sUbsection26ZW(2B) has been inserted to provide that a: visaceaSeS to be in effect when the holder leavesAustralia because of a deportation order made undersection 55A. This provision reflects the policy (tobe implemented by regulations made under sectionlaDe) that persons_ deported from Australia inpursuance of the-criminal and security deportationpowers are not permitted-to return to Australia; and

terminology has been amended to ensure consistencywith section 24 and section 25.

CLAUSE 40 CHANGES IN CIRCUMSTANCES TO BE NOTIFIED

91 This clause amends section 40 by omitting sUbsection40(4). Incoming passengers must complete passenger cards sothat all questions on the card are answered correctly (seesection 38). Subsection 40(4) does not add anything to thisrequirement, because it refers to notifying changes inci~cumstances which occur -after the passenger -card iscompleted. As passenger cards-are completed on arrival atAustralian ports, the only changes in circumstances-which werebeing addressed by subsection 40(4) are changes which occurduring the brief time between filling" in the passenger-card<and immigration clearance at the port. It is not the intention

who apply for visas overseas are to be requiredchanges- in circumstances after they have been

~mmJ.gl,a·tion cleared.

41 NOTIpE OF INCORRECT APPLICATIONS

This clause amends section 43 which_describes the firstin the ~ro~ess leading to cancellation under section 45.

'c,,,,,<,~~c<:~()n 43 requires the Minister to give anon-citizen (whobeen immigration cleared) who did not comply with section

22

94 The clause also provides for consistent terminology bychanging references to 'officer' to references to 'Minister'.

93 The clause also amends section 43 so that the Minister,rather than being obliged to wait for 14 days, may considercancellation of the visa as soon as a written response isreceived from the visa holder or as soon as the visa holderindicates that no written Lesponse will be provided. In othercases the 14 day period will apply.

CANCELLATION OF VISA IF INFORMATION INCORRECTCLAUSE 42

37,38, 39, 40, 41, or SUbsection 43(2), a notice givingparticulars of the alleged non-compliance. The purpose of theamendrnentis to make it clear that not.only a person whoaccepts that there was non-compliance, but also a person whoresponds to a notice under section 43 by attempting to showthat there was compliance, has an opportunity to show why thevisa should not be cancelled if non-compliance is found.

95 This clause amends the section 45 regulation-making powerwhich deals with matters that the Minister must have regard tobefore cancelling a visa under section 45. Rather thanreferring to 'any prescribed circumstances of the non­compliance', the amended section refers to 'any prescribedcircumstances'. This makes it clear that matters apart fromthe particular instance of non-compliance maybe prescribed asmatters which the Minister must consider,·eg the extent towhich the visa holder has breached immigration laws on otheroccasions.

CLAUSE 43 REPEAL OF SECTION AND SUBSTITUTION OF NEWSECTION

96 This clause provides for the repeal and substitution ofsection SOAD.

section SOAD Cancellation powers do not limit or affect eachother

97 Section SOAD was intended to put beyond doubt that thecancellation powers in the Migration Act are not limited orotherwise affected by each other. Therefore, the fact that aparticular visa can, or cannot, be cancelled under one of thespecified powers does not affect any power to cancel that visaunder another of those specified powers. However, the sectionwas not a comprehensive listing of visa cancellation powers inthe Migration Act. The substituted section SOAD refers to allof the cancellation powers:

section 4S (incorrect information) i

section SOAB (general power to cancel);

section SOAN (when holder outside Australia);

"

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section SOA (cancellation of business visas);

section SOG (consequential cancellation of othervisas); and

section 180A (special power to refuse or cancel).

CLAUSE 44

Section SOAF

REPEAL OF SECTION AND SUBSTITUTION OF NEWSECTION

certain information must be given to visaholder

98 This clause repeals and substitutes section SOAF whichhas been redrafted to describe with greater clarity theinformation which must be given to a visa holder if theMinister is considering cancellation of the visa (note alsothe equivalent amendment of section 26Y in relation toapplications for visas).

99 In addition, the redrafted section has the effect thatinformation which has been provided to Lhe Department by athird party with the permission of the visa holder mustnevertheless be provided to the visa holder. This is adeparture from the repealed section, and reflects a view thatit would be fairer and simpler for the Department to providethe visa holder with all relevant information even if thatinformation could be obtained from the third party who hadprovided the information with the permission of the visaholder. This also mirrors the position in section 26Yinrelation to applications for visas.

CLAUSE 4S NOTICE OF CANCELLATION

100 This clause amends section SOAO. It makes a technicalcorrection to section SOAO.

CLAUSE 46 EFFECT OF REVOCATION OF CANCELLA~ION

101 This clause amends section SOAS. It makes technicalcorrections to section SOAS. In particular the amendment makesit clear that subsection SOAS(2) is sUbject to subsectionSOAS(!). The purpose of this amendment is to ensure that avisa 'granted on the revocation' pursuant to subsectionSOAS(l) cannot be determined to operate from a date prior torevocation pursuant to subsection 50AS(2).

CLAUSE 47 CANCELLATION OF VISA RESULTS IN OTHERCANCELLATION

102 ·Thisclause amends section SOG to ensure that a visawhich is taken to have been granted to a child born inAustralia, under section 26ZS, is cancelled if the equivalentvisa of a parent is cancelled. This is consistent with thegeneral principle, reflected in sUbsection SOG(l) that where aperson holds'':-a visa because he or she is a member of the

24

family unit of a person whose visa has been cancelled undersection 45 (incorrect information) or section 5'OAB«Specifiedgrounds for cancellation), the visa of the family' unit memberis also cancelled. However, new subsection 50G(2A) is notlimited to particular cancellation actions under the MigrationAct. The new subsection applies when a parent's visa iscancelled under any of the cancellation powers.

103 This clause amends section 53 to allow the Attorney­General to delegate his power under section 54C to a member ofthe Australian Federal Police, of a rank not lower thanSuperintendent. section 54C provides a power to issue acertificate staying removal or deportation of a non-citizenfor the purposes of the administration of criminal justice.The amendment addresses the operational difficulty which wouldoccur at airports if an urgent stay of removal or deportationwas required. section 53 only allows a delegation to theSecretary of the Attorney-General's Department or to officersof the Senior Executive service in that Department. Access toa delegate at short notice may therefore be difficult.

Ii

DELEGATION BY ATTORNEY-GENERALCLAUSE 48

104 The power delegated to'members of the Australian FederalPolice will, pursuant to subsection 53(3)-, be subject tocertain restrictions:

the power may only be exercised in relation to aperson at a port; and

any certificate that is issued'by the member is toremain in force for no longer than five days.

Subsection 53(4) provides that the Attorney-General may at anytime, by written notice, revoke such a certificate.

CLAUSE 49 REMOVAL OR DEPORTATION NOT CONTEMPT ETC. IF NOSTAY CERTIFICATE OR WARRANT

105 This clause amends section 54HA to ensure that thesection does'not authorise' action in contravention of an orderof the High Court or the Federal Court.

106 section 54HA reflects the priority to be given to removalor deportation of non-citizens when that action is required bythe Migration Act. The section provides that the onlymechanism for staying removal or deportation is the issue of acriminal justice stay certificate- or a criminal justice staywarrant. However, on'a literal reading, the section would alsohave permitted removal or deportation in contravention of anorder of the Federal Court or the High Court, eg where theFederal Court had made an' interlocutory order staying removalor deportation pending the hearing of an application forjUdicial review. This was not the policy intention.

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107 The amendment will preserve the powers of the FederalCourt and the High Court to stay removal or deportation.However, state and Territory courts will only be able to staydeportation or removal via the statutory scheme,ie a courtmay issue a criminal justice stay warrant under section 54G.

108 The amendment does not interfere with the principlecontained in section 54HA that it would not be a contempt ofcourt to remove or deport a non-citizen unless there is inforce a criminal justice stay warrant or stay certificate oran order of the Federal Court or High Court. For example, thefact that a deportee or removee was a defendant or witness inpending criminal proceedings would not, without a stay warrantor stay certificate, or an order of the Federal Court or ,HighCourt, prevent removal or deportation.

CLAUSE 50 INSERTION OF NEW SECTION

109 This clause inserts a new section 54HAA.

section 54HAA Officer not liable - criminal justice staycertificates or warrants

110 This section provides that an officer, who acts in goodfaith (which would be assessed objectively), is not liable toany civil or criminal action in relation to acts or thingsdone, or omitted to be done, in the exercise of the power tokeep a person; who is the subject of a criminal justice staycertificate or criminal justice stay warrant, in immigrationdetention. The section does not make the Commonwealth immunefrom liability for wrongful acts. Rather the clause merelyensures that officers, acting in good faith, are not involvedin a personal capacity in any resulting legal action.

CLAUSE 51 PERSONS ENTERING TO GIVE CERTAIN EVIDENCE OFIDENTITY ETC.

111 This clause amends section 54HMto provide that therequirement placed on Australian citizens to show anAustralian passport or prescribed evidence of identity andcitizenship is taken to have been complied with if a clearanceofficer knows or reasonably believes that the person is anAustralian citizen. The purpose of this amendment is to allowfor the efficient processing of persons who cannot provide, orare unwilling to provide, the required documentation, but whoan officer knows Or reasonably believes to be Australiancitizens.

112 The clause also makes technical amendments, includingomitting from sUbparagraph 54HM(1) (al (ii) the words 'anyvisas' and substituting the words 'a visa' that is in effectand is' - see the last dot point in par~graph-6 -above.

113 This clause makes a number of technical amendments tosection 54HS to ensure that the section operates as originallyintended. The section provides for a non-citizen in Australiate have one of four statuses in relation to immigrationclearance:

CLAUSE 52

26

IMMIGRATION CLEARANCE

in immigration clearance (while the non-citizen isbeing processed on arrival at a port);

refused immigration clearance (where a visa iscancelled at the port, or the non-citizen does nothave a visa and a visa is not granted at the port);

bypassed immigration clearance (where the non­citizen enters Australia without complying withimmigration clearance procedures); and

immigration cleared (where a person has compliedwith immigration clearance procedures and is notplaced in immigration detention) .

114 The particular amendments made by the clause are asfellows:

a new paragraph 54HS(1} (c) is inserted. Theparagraph provides that a person, who was refusedimmigration clearance or bypassed immigrationclearance, is taken to be immigration cleared if theperson is later granted a substantive visa. Thisreflects the fact that, for example, a non-citizenwho had been refused immigration clearance, or whobypasses immigration clearance, is not disqualifiedfrom eligibility to apply for or be granted certainvisas, eg protection visas in the case of refugees.When the visa is granted, the non-citizen is takento be immigration cleared;

paragraph 54HS(2) (a) and paragraph 54HS(2) (b) havebeen amended to make it clear that a person is inimmigration clearance if he or she is with anofficer for the purposes of section 54HM. It is notnecessary that the person be with the particularofficer who was first approached by the person, ieimmigration clearance procedures are not affected bya change in shifts among officers at a port;

27

subsection 54HS(3) has been omitted<and substitutedto ensure that a person who does not comply withimmigration clearance procedures is refusedimmigration clearance. The subsection ensures that,in addition to situations where a visa is cancelled,a non-citizen is refused immigration clearance if heor she refuses or is unable to show a visa, orrefuses or is unable to provide information requiredby the Act or regulations; and

a technical amendment is made to subsection 54HS(4).

CLAUSE 53 NON-COMPLIANCE WITH IMMIGRATION CLEARANCE BASISOF DETENTION

115 This clause makes technical amendments to section 54X toprovide for terminology which is consistent with theterminology used in section 54HS, ie references to 'evading'an officer (which are a carry-over from repealed section 20)are replaced by references to bypassing immigration clearance.

CLAUSE 54 END OF CERTAIN DETENTION

116 This clause amends section 54Y to mirror the amendmentwhich is ,made to section 54HM by clause 51 (see paragraph 111above). The effect of the amendment is that an officer mustrelease a person from immigration detention as ?oon as theofficer knows or reasonably believes that the person is anAustralian citizen. The clause also makes technicalamendments.

CLAUSE 55 REPEAL OF SECTION AND SUBSTITUTION OF NEWSECTION

117 This clause provides for the repeal ,and substitution ofSection 54ZA.

Section 54ZA Sections do not apply

118 The effect of this section is to limit the operation ofsection ,54ZBand section 54ZC, and .-provide for a consistentapproach to 'all unauthorised arrivals in Australia - personswho arrive without a visa.

119 Section 54ZB,provides that detainees detained undersection 54W, as soon as is reasonably practical;' must be madeaware of the provisions of section 54ZC-regarding time limitsin which a person may apply for a visa and section 54Z0regarding their time for remaining in detention. Section 54ZAhas the effect that these Obligations do not apply for:

persons detained in the migration zone undersubsection 54W(1) on being refused immigrationclearance or after bypassing immigration clearanceor- ,~fter being prevented from leaving a vessel undersection 87;

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persons detained in the migration zone undersubsection 54W(1) who:

(i) have entered Australia after 30 August 1994;and

(ii) have not been immigration cleared since lastentering; or

persons detained outside the migration zone undersubsection 54W(2) .

120 The rationale for these exclusions is that persons whoenter Australia without authorisation, or who have their visascancelled in immigration clearance or who bypass immigrationclearance, should not be accorded the same level of proceduralprotection as is provided to persons who have become unlawfulnon-citizens after having been lawfully in the Australiancommunity.

121 Subsection 54ZA(2) provides that nothing in subsection(1) is to be taken to require the Minister or any officerregarding any person who is affected by subsection (1) to:

advise whether the person may apply for a visa;

give an opportunity for the person to apply for avisa; and

allow the person access to advice (whether legal orotherwise) in connection with applications forvisas.

122 Subsection 54ZA(2) is designed to prevent anyentitlements in relation to the matters provided for beingimplied from subsection 54ZA(1). Subsection 54ZA(2) does notoverride section 96 (access to legal advice for persons inimmigration detention) or any other entitlement a person mayhave under the Act.

123 It is not intended that section 54ZA should impact uponthe rights that a person has to make an application forrefugee status. If a person indicates that he or she isseeking refugee status or is need of protection, followinglong standing practice, the person will be treated inaccordance with the international obligations that Australiahas entered into regarding-persons seeking refugee status.

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CLAUSE S6

29

REMOVAL FROM AUSTRALIA OF UNLAWFUL NON-CITIZENS

124 This clause makes a number of technical amendments tosection 54ZF which defines the circumstances in which thevarious categories of unlawful non-citizen are subject tomandatory removal from Australia:

paragraph 2(a) is omitted and new paragraphs 2(a)and 2(aa) are substituted. The new paragraphsprovide for the removal as soon as reasonablypractical of an unlawful non-citizen who is coveredby sUbsection 54ZA(1) and who has not sUbsequentlybeen immigration cleared;

new sUbsection (3A) is inserted to provide the sameprovisions as inserted in subsection 54ZA(2) above.SUbsection 54ZF(3A) is designed to prevent anyentitlements in relation to the matters provided forbeing implied from subsection 54ZF(2). Subsection54ZF(3A) does not override section 96 (access tolegal advice for persons in immigration detention)or any other entitlement a person may have under theAct;

subsection 54ZF(2) and subsection 54ZF(5) have beenamended to modify the bar on removal of an unlawfulnon-citizen who has made an application for asUbstantive visa. As modified, the subsections onlyprevent the removal of an unlawful non-citizen whohas .made an application fora substantive visa whichcan pe granted in the migration zone. It isintended that the regulations will provide, pursuantto section 26F, that certain visas can only begranted outside the migration zone. It would. not belogical .to allow the application for a visa of thattype .to.prevent the removal of an unlawful non­citizen; and

SUbsection 54ZF(5) has also been amended to omitsubparagraph (5) (c) (ii). This amendment isconsequent upon the elimination of theapproval/grant dichotomy.

125 It is not intended that section 54ZF.should impact uponthe rights that a.person has to make an application forrefugee status. Ifa person indicates_that. he or she isseeking refugee status o~ is need of prote~tion, follo~ing

long standing practice, the person will be treated inaccordance with the international obligations that Australiahas entered into regarding persons seeking refugee status.

130 This clause amends section 56 to make a correspondingamendment to that made to section 55 by clause 57.

129 The amendment is not to be taken to indicate that NewZealand residents are permanent residents of Australia for anypurpose.

131 This clause adds the words 'or as an exempt non-citi~enor a special category visa holder' at the end of sub sect~on 558(1). This is consequential to the amendments to sections 5and 56.

DETERMINATION OF TIME FOR SECTIONS 55 AND S6

DEPORTATION OF NON-CITIZENS UPON SECURITYGROUNDS

30

DEPORTATION OF NON-CITIZENS INAUST~IA FORLESS THAN 10 YEARS WHO ARE CONVicTED OF CRIMES

CLAUSE 59

CLAUSE 58

CLAOSE 57

126 This clause amends section 55 to rectify an unintendedconsequence of the Reform Ac1;, which is that New Zealandcitizens resident in Australia may not fall within thedeportation power in section 55 as amended. The policyintention is that New Zealand citizens are to be liable fordeportation under these provisions as is the case prior thecommencement of the Reform Act.

127 upon the commencement of the Reform Act New Zealandcitizens in Australia, who were formerly exempt non-citizens,will become holders of special category visas, as will NewZealand citizens entering in the future. A special categoryvisa is a 'temporary visa' as it is a visa to remain inAustralia 'while the holder has a specified status' (see .paragraph 25(2)(C». The scope of the deportation powers ~s.presently limited to permanent residents as defined in.sect~on58. Subsection 58(2) defines 'permanent resident' for thepurposes of section S5 and section 56 to mean 'a person •. ,whose continued presence in Australia is not subject to any tlimitation as to time imposed by law... '. This includes exempnon-citizens. However, ·it is arguable that New Zealandcitizens, as holders of temporary visas (although in effect nolimitation as to tim~will be placed on their stay while theyremain New Zealand citizens) may not come within thedefinition of 'permanent resident'.

128 The amendment omits and substitutes paragraph 55(b) so.that, in addition to permanent residents as defined in sect~on58, the power extends to citizens of New Zealand who had beenpresent in Australia as exempt non-citizens (to cover the .period prioF to 1 September 1994), or as special catego~y v~saholders, for less than 10 years (either as a single per~od oran aggregate of periods) at the time when the offence waScommitted. .

CLAUSE 60

31

INSERTION OF NEW SECTION

132 This clause inserts a new section 66GA.

section 66GA vessels required to convey certain removees

133 This section has been inserted to reflect actual practicein relation to the removal of persons who travel to Australiawithout a visa or who have their visas cancelled on arrival.The typical situation involves commercial airlines. However,ship arrivals are also covered. As with other removees anddeportees the Secretary has the power to require thecontroller of the vessel to transport the person fromAustralia to a specified destination (see section 66H).However, in relation to persons who are 'turned around' atports, the practice is not to specify a destination. In thissituation responsibility for removal rests with the carrierand the Department accepts no responsibility or obligation inarranging a receiving country for the person. The new sectionqualifies section 66H to that extent and thereby restores theposition in relation to carriers and their passengers which­exists under the Migration Act prior to the amendments made bythe Reform Act.

134 In relation to 'penalty units', see the explanationprovided in relation to Schedule 1 of the MLAB 1994.

CLAUSE 61 VESSELS REQUIRED TO CONVEY DEPORTEES OR OTHERREMOVEES

135 This clause makes a technical amendment to section 66Htoreflect the introduction of new section 66HA. -The clause alsocorrects a typographical error_ in subsection 66H(2).

CLAUSE 62 CARRIAGE OF NON-CITIZENS TO AUSTRALIA WITHOUTDOCUMENTATION

136 This clause makes a number of technical amendments tosection 76, which makes_the carriage of anon-citizen toAustralia a criminal offence if the -non-citizen is -not-inpossession of evidence of a valid visa.

137 The following amendments are made ;by the clause:

a reference to special purpose visas has beenincluded in sUbsection-76(1) and sUbsection 76(5).Holders :and potential holders of special purposevisas and persons eligible to apply fora specialcategory visa do not require a visa beforetravelling to Australia. However, airlines mustensure that the status of these persons will resultin the deemed grant of a special purpose yisaoreligibility to apply for a special category-visaupon arrival in Australia;

-"",

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140 It should also be noted that Special category Visaholders (New Zealand citizens) will also liable fordeportation under sections 55 to 57, in accordance with theamendments to be made by the MLAB 1994.

REPEAL OF SECTION

REMOVEES AND DEPORTEES HELD IN OTHER CUSTODY

the definition of 'vessel' (subsection 76(7» hasbeen omitted as an identical definition is beinginserted in section 4.

CLAUSE 63

references to visas have been brought into line withsection 25, ie to reflect the fact that visas arenever merely visas to 'travel to' Australia. Rathera visa will be a visa to 'travel to and enter'Australia; and

references to 'person' have been replaced byreferences to 'non-citizen' to make it clear thatthe criminal offence only relates to the carriage ofnon-citizens; ..

the language of the section has been sharpened byreplacing the reference to arriving in Australia(which means arriving at the outermost limit ofAustralia's territorial sea) with a reference toentering Australia (which in accordance ·with thedefinition of 'enter Australia' in section 4 meansentering the migration zone);

138 This clause amends section 94 to ensure that it aliowsfor the continued detention of removees who are otherwise incustody (serving a prison sentence) after that detentionexpires and pending removal from Australia. This reflectscurrent practice under the Migration Act, which was notadequately reflected ih the Reform Act.

139 Prior to amendment by the Reform Act, the term 'deportee'applies to both illegal entrants sUbject toea deportationorder; as well as to persons sUbject to criminal and securitydeportation orders. The Reform Act narrowed the scope of theterm 'deportee', so that it applies only to permanentresidents who are sUbject to criminal deportation orders(section 55 and· section 57) and persons sUbject to securitydeportation orders (section 56). Unlawful non-citizens who areliable to removal were styled 'removees'. The necessaryconsequential amendment to section 94 was overlooked when theReform Act was drafted.

CLAUSE 64

141 This section provides for the repeal of section 108(Proof of certain matters recited in deportation orders). Thatsection allows for the deemed proof of various matters incourt proceedings in which the validity or application of adeportation order is in issue. The section is not needed to

33

assist with litigation in relation to criminal and securitydeportation orders which, as noted above, will be the onlydeportation orders made after the commencement of the ReformAct.

CLAUSE 65 SECRETARY MAY ISSUE DOCUMENTS CONTAININGINFORMATION CONCERNING CERTAIN PERSONS

142 This clause amends section 114 to reflect the amendmentto section 54HS which provides that a non-citizen who was notimmigration cleared on entering Australia is taken to havebeen immigration cleared if heer she is later granted asubstantive visa.

CLAUSE 66 INTERPRETATION

143 This section makes a number of amendments to section 115which is an interpretation section for the purposes ofdefining entitlements to merits review of decisions by theMigration Internal Review Office, the Immigration ReviewTribunal, and the Refugee Review Tribunal.

144 The amendments made by the clause are as follows:

paragraph (al of the definition of 'Part 3reviewable decision' is omitted and substituted. The~ewparagraph excludes visa refusals made undersection 180A from review by the Migration InternalReview Office and the Immigration Review ~ribunal.

This .is because there is a separate entitlement tomerits review by the Administrative Appeals Tribunalin-relation to decisions made under section 180Ai

paragraph (a) also excludes decisions to refuse togrant a bridging visa to a no~~citizen whp. is inimmigration detention because of tha~_r~fusal. Thesedecisions are referred to separately in thedefinitipn of 'Part 3 reviewable decision' (~eenew

paragraph (ba». The Immigration Review Tribunalwill be the merits r~viewbody in relation to thosedecisiOns (see the amendments to section 116);

paragraph (a) is also amended to reflect theamendment made to section 54HS to provide that anon-citizen who was not imm:igration c~~ared onentering Australia is taken to have been immigrationcleared if he or she is later granted a substantivevisa;

paragraph (b) is amended to make-equivalentamendments to those described in the first dot pointabove in relation to paragra~h(a);

34

refuse to grant a bridging visa to a non­citizen; or

APPLICATION FOR INTERNAL REVIEW

INTERNALLY-REVIEWABLE DECISIONS

the clause makes other technical and consequential.amendments.

CLAUSE 67

new paragraphs (d), (e) and (f) are inCluded toreinstate existing review rights which the ReformAct has inadvertently removed. The review rights arein respect of overseas decisions on resident returnvisas, applications by specified relatives ofAustralian citizens or permanent residents, andpoints assessments under section 30. In relation tothe references to specified relatives in thecriteria at paragraph (d) (iii) and (e) (ii), thoserelationships are regarded as inclUding step­relatives. In other words, the review right isintended to equate with the review right whichcurrently exists under the Migration (1993) (Review)Regulations; and

cancel a bridging visa held by a non-citizen

where that person is in immigration detentionbecause of the refusal or cancellation;

paragraphs (ba) and (bb) are inserted to includewithin the definition of 'Part 3 reviewable decisiortdecisions' to:

paragraph (c) is amended to omit the requirementthat, in relation to visas which must be grantedoverseas, review is only available if the decisionon the application was made when the applicant wasoverseas. This approach is considered to be undulyrestrictive;

CLAUSE 68

145 This clause makes a technical amendment to section 115Awhich defines which decisions are, and which decisions arenot, subject to internal review by the Migration InternalReview Office.· .

147 This clause amends section 115B which deals with theprocedural requirements which apply to applications forinternal review by the Migration Internal Review Office.

146 The purpose of the amendment is to exclude from internalreview decisions to refuse to grant, or to cancel, a bridgingvisa if the non-citizen is in custody because of thatdecision. Those decisions will be directly reviewable by theImmigration Review Tribunal.

35

148 The purpose of the amendment is to ensure that theprocedural requirements for applications for review apply todecisions described in new paragraphs (d), (e) and (fl of thedefinition of 'Part 3 Reviewable Decision'

CLAUSE 69 INSERTION OF NEW SECTION

149 This clause provides for the insertion of· a new section115DA.

section 115DA Code of procedure applies to review officer

150 The Code of procedure, set out in Subdivision AB ofDivision 2 of part 2, codifies the approach to primarydecision-making in relation-to applications for visas. Thisclause inserts a new section 115DA to ensure -that the Code ofprocedure applies to review by the Migration Internal ReviewOffice of a decision to refuse to grant a visa.

CLAUSE 70 NOTIFICATION OF DECISION

151 This clause makes a number of technical amendments tosection 115E which sets out procedural matters in relation tothe notification of applicants of the outcome of a review bythe Migration Internal Review Office.

CLAUSE 71 REVIEW OF ASSESSMENTS MADE UNDER SECTION 30

152 This clause amends section 115F which provides that, forthe purposes of the 'points test', a review officer may 'onlyassess an applicant by reference to the regulations in forceat one of two points in time:

the time of the primary assessmentj -or

the time the decision is made by the review officerabout the assessmentj

whichever is more favourable to t,he applicant.

153 The purpose of the amendment is to 'provide for 'certaintyand consistency in the interpretation of this requirement. Theamendment does this by providing that, in deciding whichregulations are most favourable to the appiicant, a-reviewauthority is required to: '

determine the allocation of points under theregulations at one point in timejand

compare that allocation to the pool and pass marksat the same point in time.

36

A request must be made in the approved form and must accompanythe application for review.

DECISION REVIEWABLE BY IMMIGRATION REVIEWTRIBUNAL

APPLICATION FOR REVIEW BY IMMIGRATION REVIEWTRIBUNAL

decisions to cancel a bridging visa held by a non­citizen who is in immigration detention because ofthat cancellation.

CLAUSE 72

CLAUSE 73

154 This approach prevents mixing arid matching of points andpassmarks, egapplying later regulations, which result in ahigher points score, to an earlier (lower) pass'marJc to reachthe conclusion that the applicant had satisfied the~points .test criterion for the grant of a visa.

155 The amendments made by this clause will have effect inrelation to all applications for internal review made after 1September 1994.

156 This clause amends section 116 to provide for review bythe Immigration Review Tribunal (without an intervening reviewby the Migration Internal Review Office) of:

decisions to refuse to grant a bridging visa to anon-citizen who is in immigration detention becauseof that refusal; and

(b) request the Tribunal to obtain oral evidence from aspecified person or persons.

157 This clause makes a number of technical amendments tosection 117 which sets out how an application for review bythe Immigration Review Tribunal can be made.

158 The clause includes a requirement for approved forms forseeking review of bridging visa decisions, in relation topersons who are in custOdy, to include a statement that theapplicant may:

(a) request the opportunity to appear before theTribunal; and

159 The clause also' amends section 117 to ensure that theprocedural requirements 'for applications for review apply todecisions described in the new paragraphs (ba), (bb), (d),(e), and (f) of the definition of'Part 3 reviewable decision'in section 115.

CLAUSE 74

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REVIEW OF ASSESSMENTS MADE UNDER SECTION 30

160 This clause amends section 120 in a similar fashion tothe amendment made to section 115F. The amended section willapply to all applications for review by the Immigration ReviewTribunal which are made after 1 September 1994.

CLAUSE 75 SECRETARY TO BE NOTIFIED OF APPLICATION FORREVIEW BY IMMIGRATION REVIEW TRIBUNAL

161 This clause amends section 122 which requires theImmigration Review Tribunal to notify the Secretary that anapplication has been made, and which also requires thesecretary to provide to the Tribunal a statement of reasons inrelation to the decision.

162 The purpose of the amendment is to provide an expeditedprocess in relation to applications for review of a decisionto refuse to grant, or to cancel, a bridging visa where thenon-citizen is in immigration detention because of thatrefusal or cancellation. In that situation the amended sectionrequires that the Secretary provide the statement of reasonsto the Tribunal within 2 working days after being notified ofthe application for review.

CLAUSE 76 APPLICANT MAY REQUEST TRIBUNAL TO CALL WITNESS

163 This clause amends section 131 so that it does not applyto review of a decision covered by paragraph (ba) or (bb) ofthe definition of 'Part 3 reviewable decision'. A separateprovision is inserted at section 131A to deal with thismatter.

CLAUSE 77 INSERTION OF NEW SECTION

164 This clause inserts a new section 131A.

Section 131A Applicant may request Tribunal to callwitnesses

165 .This section applies to decisions covered by.paragraphs(ba) and (bb) of the definition of 'Part 3 reviewabledecision'. The purpose of the amendment is to address thesituation where an applicant requests the Tribunal to giv~ theapPlicant an opportunity to'appear before it or requests theTribunal to obtain oral evidence from a specified person orpersons. The section provides that the Tribunal is required tohave regard to the applicant's wishes but is not required toobtain, evidence (oral or otherwise) from any person other thanthe applicant. It also provides that the Tribunal is notrequired to adjourn or delay making a decision to enable theapplicant or any other person to give evidence.

168 This clause provides for the insertion of new sections134A and 134B.

166 This clause amends section 134 which establishes thegeneral rule that the Tribunal is to take oral evidence inpublic. Subsection 134 (2) and subsection 134 (3) provide for apUblic interest exception to this rule.

167 This clause inserts a new subsection 134(2A) to cater forsituations where it is impracticable to take particular oralevidence in public. The impracticability may arise because ofthe jurisdiction given to the Tribunal to review decisions torefuse to grant, or to cancel, a bridging visa where the. non­citizen is in immigration detention because of that refusal orcancellation. Because the liberty of the non-citizen is atstake, the pUblic interest in expeditious review outweighs thepUblic interest in having all oral evidence taken in pUblic.

CLAUSE 78

CLAUSE 79

Section 134A

38

REVIEW TO BE IN PUBLIC

INSERTION OF NEW SECTIONS

Oral evidence by telephone etc.

169 This section gives the Immigration Review Tribunal ageneral power to allow a person to appear before the Tribunalor give evidence by telephone, closed circuit television orany other means of communication. The Tribunal is alsodirected by the new section to take such steps as arereasonably necessary to ensure that the pUblic nature of thereview is preserved when evidence is being given by telephone,closed-circuit television or other means of communication.

Section J.34B certain decisions to be made withinprescribed period

170 This section provides scope for the regulations to imposea time frame on decision~making by the Immigration ReviewTribunal in cases where the decision to be reviewed is arefusal to grant, or a cancellation of, a bridging visa, andwhere the applicant is in custody as a result of the decision.

171 This section provides that the Immigration ReviewTribunal is required to make its decision within theprescribed period and to notify the applicant of'the decisionin that same period. The prescribed period may be extendedwith the applicant's consent. The applicant continues to havearight to a written statement of reasons to be providedwithin 14 days after the decision is made. The right to thestatement of reasons is contained in section 135 of theMigration Act.

CLAUSE 80

39

DELEGATE NOT REQUIRED TO PERFORM CERTAINADMINISTRATIVE TASKS

172 This clause amends section 177 which provides that adelegate need not personally perform any task except makingthe decision. This is to cater for situations such as whereanother officer interviews an applicant and prepares asubmission for consideration by a delegate.

173 The purpose of the amendments is to:

amend terminology to reflect. the elimination of theapproval/grant dichotomy; and

put beyond doubt that a delegation to cancel visasdoes not require the delegate to personally performany task except taking the decision as to whetherthe visa should be cancelled.

CLAUSE 81 EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN PERSONS FROM AUSTRALIA

174 This clause amends section l8ce, so that a person who isneeded in Australia for a purpose connected with theadministration of criminal justice may be granted a criminaljustice visa notwithstanding any exclusion period whichapplies to that person under section laoc.

CLAUSE 82

SCHEDULE 1

OTHER AMENDMENTS OF THE MIGRATION ACT 1958

175 This clause provides for further amendments of theMigration Act, as set out in Schedule 1 of the MLAB 1994.These amendments are minor technical amendments, primarily toprovide for consistent terminology and correct cross­referencing of sections. However, the following amendmentsshould be noted:

section 114A and the following :sections set out inthe Schedule, up to section 114ZQ, have been amendedto bring visa cancellation within the migration-agents :schemei and

the references to monetary penalties attaching tooffences under the-Migration Act h~vebeen replacedby references to 'penalty units' which are.definedin the Crimes Act 1914. These amendments do notalter the existing levels of the penalties I 'but willhave the result that penalties will be increased"automatically irtaccordance with-any ,futureamendment-of. the central definition in the CrimesAct. Currently, 'a penalty unit equates ·to $100 •

.>"

CLAUSE 83

40

RENUMBERING AND RELETTERING OF THE MIGRATIONACT 1958

178 This schedule contains amendments to the Reform Act.

SCHEDULE 2

PART 3 - AMENDMENT OF OTHER ACTS

section 33

section 39

AMENDMENT OF THE MIGRATION REFORM ACT 1992CLAUSE 84

Clause 1

Clause 2

176 This clause provides for the renumbering and re-letteringof the Migration Act to occur immediately after thecommencement of the other provisions of the MLAB 1994.

179 This clause corrects a cross-reference in section 33 ofthe Reform Act.

177 This clause provides for amendment of the Reform Act asset out in Schedule 2 of the MLAB 1994. These amendmentsinclude a refinement of the transitional provision in section39 relating to refugee applications and an expansion of theregulation making power to deal with other transitionalarrangements (section 40 of the Reform Act). A new section isinserted to provide transitional arrangements for persons whoare affected by the to be repealed section 20. The otheramendments made by the Schedule are minor technicalcorrections and consequential amendments to terminology.

Transitional - refugee applications

180 This clause omits and substitutes section 39. Thesubstituted section provides for outstanding applications forrefugee status to become applications for protection visas on1 september 1994. Similarly, unfinalised applications forDomestic Protection (temporary) entry permits and PermanentProtection entry permits will convert into protection visaapplications'as of 1 September 1994. The protection visaapplications will be determined in accordance with the amendedlegislation, ie the criteria for grant are those applying tothe protection visa, and not those applying to the precursorapplication. . ,

181 A further purpose of the substituted section is to ensurethat an application is translated at whatever stage has beenreached in processing the application, eg so that applicationswhich have been refused by a primary decision-maker and are atthe review stage are translated to an application at thereview stage.

I

Clause 3

41

After subsection 40(1)

182 This clause inserts a new subsection 40(lA) to rectify anomission in the Reform Act, ie the failure to provide atransitional provision in relation to visas and entry permitsgranted before 19 December 1989.

Clause 4 Subsection 40(5)

183 This clause omits the word 'force' and substitutes theword 'effect'.

Clause 5 Paragraph 40(8) (a)

184 This clause corrects an omission in paragraph 40(8)(a),by including a reference to entry permits. The clause alsomakes a technical correction to the subsection.

Clause 6 After subsection 40(8)

185 This clause inserts new subsections 40(8A) and 40(8B)which:

provide that deportation orders issued under section60 cease to have effect on 1 September 1994 (thesedeportation orders will not be necessary after thattime as unlawful non-citizens will be subject tomandatory removal from Australia in accordance withsection 54ZF)i and

to permit regulations to provide that certificatesissued under specified sections of the Migration Actas in force before 1 September 1994, are to continuein force as certificates issued under specifiedsection of the Migration Act as in force after 1September 1994.

Clause 7 SUbsection 40(9)

After section 40

186 This clause omits subsection 40(9). This is to placebeyond any doubt that any status conferred, or anything elsedon~, by the transitional regulations is on going. Legaladvlce has suggested that the operation of the subsection isnot entirely clear. Subsection 40(9) may have, in time,removed any status conferred pursuant to the transitionalregulations because of the sunsetting provision in theSUbsection. This effect could have had adverse and unintendedconsequences for all non-citizens affected by the transitionalregulations.

Clause 8

187 This clause inserts new sections 41 and 42 into theReform Act.

Q

42

section 4~ Transitional

188 This section is intended to supplement the operation ofsubsection 50AA(3) of the Reform Act and thereby provide forthe application of the subdivision C cancellation regime toall lawful non-citizens who were, immediately before 1September 1994 (the date of commencement of the relevantprovisions of the Reform Act), illegal entrants by virtue ofsubsection 14(2) or subsection 14(2A) of the Migration Act asthen in force.

189 The policy intention is that persons who are illegalentrants, because of subsection 14(2) or subsection14 (2A) (which are operation of law provisions), are to becomelawful non-citizens on 1 september 1994. This can be achievedby regulations made under section 40 of the Reform Act.

190 It is also intended that those persons will be subject tothe discretionary cancellation regime in subdivision C inrelation to the matters that caused subsection 14(2) orsubsection 14(2A) to apply. This was the intention behindsubsection 50AA(3) of the Reform Act, however there was somedoubt whether that intention had been achieved. New section 41makes it clear that the trade-off for the restoration oflawful status is that the new discretionary cancellationregime will operate as if documents and statements produced ormade before 1 September 1994 are to be taken to have been madein relation to the application for Whatever visa is currentlyheld by the non-citizen.

section 42 Regulations

191 This section provides that the Governor-General may makeregulations prescribing matters:

(a) required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed;or

(b) necessary or convenient to be prescribed forcarrying out or giving effect to this Act.

192 This section is necessary to facilitate the making ofregulations dealing with transitional matters.

Clauses 9-18 (inclusive)

193 These clauses make minor technical amendments, includingan amendment to SchedUle 2 of the Reform Act to omit therepeal of section 95. section 95 provides for the appointmentof prescribed authorities who are responsible for reviewingdetention of deportees under section 93. section 95 had beeninadvertently omitted by the Reform Act.

1

CLAUSE 85

43

AMENDMENT OF OTHER ACTS

194 This clause provides for the amendment of other Acts asset out in Schedule 3.

SCHEDULE 3

195 The schedule makes consequential and technical amendmentsto the following Acts:

Australian Citizenship Act 1948

Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918

Departure Tax Collection Act 1978

Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975

Health Insurance Act 1973

Immigration (Education) Act 1971

Immigration (Education) Charge Act 1992

Migration (Delayed Visa Applications) Tax Act 1992

Migration (Health Services) Charge Act 1991

Veterans' Entitlements Act 1986.

196 Apart from the amendments to the Australian CitizenshipAct 1948, the amendments are purely technical amendments toterminology and cross-references. The amendments to theAustralian Citizenship Act 1948 are described below.

AMENDMENTS OF THE AUSTRALIAN CITIZENSHIP ACT 1948

197 Subsection 5(1) of the Australian Citizenship Act 1948(ACA) has been amended to in respect of the definitions of"illegal entrant", "valid entry permit", "valid permanententry permit" and "valid visa" by omitting all the words afterIIforce" and SUbstituting the words "immediately before. 1September 1994". Definitions of "permanent visa"" "specialcategory" visa", IIspecial purpose visa", "unlawful noncitizen ll and "visa" have also been 'inserted in subsection

- 5 (1) •

198 A new paragraph 5A(1} (bb) has been inserted to ensurethat persons who are permanent visa holders and are present inAustralia on or after 1 September 1994 are permanent residentsfor the purposes of the ACA. This paragraph -also ensures that,p~rsons to whom a declaration under subsection 5A(2) appliescontinue to be considered permanent residents'for the purposesof the ACA.

-'?F

44

199 New paragraphs (d) and (e) have been inserted insubsection 5A(2) of the ACA to ensure that the 'Minister maymake a declaration under subsection 5A(2) in relation topersons who are holders of special category visas or specialpurpose visas. This amendment is required because exempt noncitizen status is being replaced with special category andspecial purpose visas under the Migration Act on 1 September1994. Paragraph 5A(2) (e) will allow persons who were specialcategory visa holders but are no longer special category visaholders because they are temporarily travelling outsideAustralia to count time outside Australia as permanentresidence under the ACA if they are ordinarily resident inAustralia.

Q

200 Subsection 5A(5A) has been insertedperson who has travelled to and enteredcriminal justice visa is not be taken toresident while the criminal justice visaperson does not hold a permanent visa.

to ensure'that aAustralia on abe a permanentis in effect and the

201 Paragraph 13(9) (c) and subparagraph 13(9) (d) (ii) havebeen amended by the insertion of a requirement that the personis a permanent resident to ensure that citizenship may only begranted to the spouse, widOW, or widower of an Australiancitizen if they are also a permanent resident.

202 A new section l4A - Deferral of consideration ofapplication under 513 - visa liable to cancellation - has beeninserted to allow a discretion to defer consideration ofcitizenship applications for up to 12 months while the personis under an investigation which may lead to visa cancellationunder the Migration Act or the laying of criminal charges.

203 Subsection 52A(2) has been amended by omitting the words"subsection 13(9)" and SUbstituting the words tfparagraph13(9) (a) or (b)lI. As a result, applicants who appeal to theAdministrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) in respect of a decisionmade under paragraph l3(9)(a) or paragraph 13(9) (b) are notrequired to be permanent residents at the time of appeal tothe AAT.

204 There are also various purely technical amendments toterminology and cross references.

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