Circular Economy in Textiles Modak.pdf · Dr. Prasad Modak. 28/38 Indian . Forest Act. 1927. Water Pollution Act. 1974. Environment (protection) Act. 1986 (amended 1991) Forest (conservation)

Dr Prasad ModakExecutive President, Environmental Management Centre

Director, Ekonnect Knowledge Foundation

May 29, 2020

Circular Economyin

Plastics

2/38Dr. Prasad Modak

Understanding Circular Economy

Resources

Production

Consumption

Waste

Cradle to Grave

• Consume Less• Dematerialize• Use renewable resources• Prefer local materials• Reuse, Extend product life• Recycle, Recover resources

Cradle to Cradle



Economy and Waste Generation


Working Definition of Circular Economy

The circular economy is a model of production and consumption, which involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials and products as long as possible. In this way, the life cycle of products is extended.

In practice, it implies reducing waste to a minimum. When a product reaches the end of its life, its materials are kept within the economy wherever possible. These can be productively used again and again, thereby creating further value.

- European Parliament, (2015)3


Circular Economy at Various Levels

National

Sector

City / Region

Company & Its Supply Chain Community

State

Industrial Estates

Mat

eria

l/En

ergy

Flo

ws Life Cycle Thinking

Working with Communities is Critical

Macro

Meso

Micro

Complexity, need for harmonization and coordination increases


Global Agenda for Circular Economy – An Illustration

Circular EconomyUNEP

OECD

EU Japan

USA

ChinaInternational Panel on SRM 10FYP on SCP

WG Promoting resource productivity

CE Package and Action Plan EU 2020 Flagship Initiative on Resource Efficiency

Sound Material Cycle Society 20003R initiative

Beyond RCRA,Materials Management in 2020

Circular Economy Promotion Law (2009)

Threat to Resource Security and the Nexus with Climate Change not yet Mainstreamed

Let us turn to Plastic

9/38Dr. Prasad Modak Source: adapted from ten Brink et al. (2016)


Life Cycle Perspective Foundation of Circular Economy

Valu

es a

nd Li

fest

yles

Product Design

Reduce Re-use & Recycle (3Rs)

Disposal

*Natural ResourceUse and Extraction

Manufacturing Consumption/Use

Distribution/ Marketing

Life Cycle Perspective

Planning and Strategies

• Fiscal Instruments• Laws & Régulations• Education & Awareness Raising • Sustainable Public Procurement

Market Forces→ Governments & Major Groups (such as Business & NGOs)

• Pricing / Marketing • Quality • Corporate Environmental & Social Responsibility

•Consumer Behaviour & Information

• Sustainable Private Procurement

Tech

nolo

gica

l and

So

cial

inno

vatio

n

• Investments

Conducive policy framework – governance at various levels


Per Capita Plastic Products Consumption (kg/person)

Source :AIPMA and Plastindia, TATA Strategic Analysis

Is it a good news or bad news?


DEALING WITH USED PLASTICS – a Conceptual evaluation

Pyrolysis

Repurpose

Gasification

Roads/Benches

Fuels/Oil

MONOMERS

EnergyCo-Processing

Special Additives• Biodegradable• Compostable• Any Other

Industrial Composting Compost

COLLECTEDPLASTICS WASTE

Recycle/Upcycle New Products

Kilns

Cracking

Plant-based Land Blockage Expensive

ANGER PROTESTS

BANS on SUPs

conversion

POLYMER(Resin)

MONOMER

Normal Additives

Petro-Based

PLASTICS

UNCOLLECTED WASTEVisible Litter

Consumer Behavior

Administration Efforts

Single Polymer Plastics

Syngas

Source: Dr Vijay Habbu


Single Use Plastics

• Light weight• Almost 36% is used in Packaging.

Problem: • Ends up in storm-

water drains, landfill or ocean.


Ban /Levy - a solution?

State wide bans on single-use plastic bags, and Queensland

4 years of jail /$38,000 fine

Full stop to plastic microbeads /although still permitted to be manufactured and imported for non-prescription drugs

Source :UNEP;Greenpeace;national governments


Plastics in the war against COVID-19 source: Dr Vijay Habbu


Plastics litter management : EPR perspective

EACH CATEGORY OF PLASTIC NEEDS A DIFFERENT OUTLOOK : Source Dr Vijay Habbu

PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES Litterability (instinct to discard) –

weight/size dependent

Collectibility/ Retrievablity

(from the wayside litter) Recyclability

EPRobligation

CATEGORYOF

PACKAGINGCOMPLEXITY

OF PACKAGING

PACKAGING NON-PACKAGINGFood, water, personal care, beverages, pharmaceuticals,

Personal hygiene, other articles

RIGID

Single Polymer Bottles, drumsLarge articles (overhead tanks, furniture), crockery, pipes, combs

Low High EASY Low

MLP type-1 =Multi Polymer Pouches with spouts

bangles, frames, cutlery, marker pens, tooth brushes, white goods

Low High Medium Medium

MLP type-2 =Multi-Material

Blister packaging, Brick cartons footwear, razors Low High Difficult High

FLEXIBLE

Single Polymermilk pouches, carry bags, envelope covers, wrappers

cables, wires, dental floss High Low Easy Medium - High

MLP type-1 =Multi Polymer toothpaste/ointment tubes High Medium Medium High

MLP type-2 =Multi-Material

wafer packets, pouches,shampoo sachets, Toys High Low Difficult Very high


The Informal Sector, EPR & Partnership Models

UNDP, Hindustan Coca Cola, Unilever

Extended Consumer Responsibility?Behaviour change needs compelling alternatives


Design for Sustainability (D4S) – Packaging

Harmonizing Packaging Formats

Reduce Material Complexity

Streamlining SKU

Increasing the Recycled Content


Plastics CE commitments by brands – replacement targets (source Dr Vijay Habbu)

USE OF RECYCLED By 2020

• Ecover (cleaning products)

By 2021• SC Johnson , reusing and recycling

By 2025• McDonald’s , renewable, recycled• Danone water bottle used by the Evian brand

By 2030• Coca-Cola

USE OF RECYCLABLE• By 2025

• Amcor (packaging company) recyclable or reusable

• Unilever• Walmart , packaging for its private-brand

products would be recyclable• L’Oréal’s , rechargeable, refillable,

recyclable or compostable

100% Commitment on Plastic Packaging


Risks of RecyclingGrundmann, V., Bilitewski, B., Zehm, A., Darbra, R. and Barceló, D. (2013). Risk-based management of chemicals and products in a circular economy at a global scale- impacts of the FP7 funded project riskcycle. Environmental Sciences Europe. 25(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/2190-4715-25-14.


Technology

Sorting

Cleaning

Upcycling

Recovery (by-products and energy)

• Downcycling Blending/Composites (Waste out?)

• Aggregation & Logistics

• Scaling up & Localization


Common Circular Infrastructure

Supply Volatility

Transportation & Logistics

Technology

Financial Models


Financing for Innovation


Companies with Circular Business Models

Collaborative Consumption Product Extension Remanufacturing Resource

Recovery Dematerialisation

Gives toys ,games ,books on rent.

Reusable bottles whichcan be used for long time.

Converts all types of plastics into pellets by purchasing plastic waste & scrap in various forms.

Modular carpetsusing plastics

Reduces amount of plastic in packaging


Circular Economy in India

Indian Resources Panel (InRP), 2015 Strategy Paper on Resource Efficiency by NITI Aayog, 2017 EU-India Cooperation and Support from GIZ, 2017-2020 Status Report and Recommendations on Circular Economy by NITI

Aayog – drafted by EMC, 2019 Resource Efficiency Cell at MoEFCC, 2019 Draft National Policy on Resource Efficiency MoEFCC, 2020 State level CE Plan by Goa, 2020


Indian Forest Act

1927Water

Pollution Act1974

Environment (protection) Act1986 (amended

1991)

Forest (conservation)

Act1980

Island Protection

Act 2011

Clean Technology

Scheme 2013

Labelling of Environment

Friendly products (ECOMARK)

1991

National Forest Policy

1988

Abatement of Pollution

1992

National Environment

Policy 2006

National Design Policy2007

National Population Policy

2000

Mines and Minerals (Development and

Regulation Act1957 (amended

2015)

National Automotive Mission Plan 2006-2016

National Manufacturing

Policy2011

Sustainable Development Framework

2011

National Urban Sanitation Policy

2008

National Mission on Sustainable

Habitat 2010

Indian Electrical Equipment Industry

Mission Plan 2012-2022

Software Technology

Parks Scheme 1991

Batteries Management and

Handling Rules 2001 (Amended

2010)

Hazardous Wastes (Management , Handling

and Transboundary Movements) Rules 2008

E-waste (Management & Handling) Rules

2011

Electronics (ESDM) Electronics

Manufacturing Cluster Scheme

2012

Electronics and IT Goods

(Requirements for Compulsory

Registration) Order 2012

National Information Technology

Policy 2012

Electronics ESDM-Modified Special Incentive Package Scheme (M-SIPS)

2012

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, Dept. of Heavy Industry

Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion

Ministry of Steel Ministry of Mines

Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs

Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology


National Agroforestry

Policy2014

REDD- Plus policy2014

Waste Management

Rules 2016

National Steel Policy2017

Pradhan Mantri Khanji Kshetra Yojna

2015

National Steel Policy

2015

National Industrial Policy

2017

Draft National Mineral Policy

2018

Mineral Conservation and Development

Rules 2017

Urban and Regional Development Plans

Formulation and Implementation Guidelines

2014

Swachh Bharat Mission

2014

National Electric Mobility

Mission Plan 2020

Start Up India2015

Make in India2014

Export Promotion (Duty Exemption Schemes) of Iron and Steel Products

[Foreign Trade Policy 2015-2020]

Guidelines for Environmentally

Sound Management of

ELVs2015

Providing Preference to Domestically Manufactured

Iron & Steel Products in Government Procurement

2017

Steel and Steel Products (Quality Control) Order

2018

Public Procurement (Preference to Make

In India), Order2017

Digital India Program 2015

Guidelines on Environmental

Management of Construction and

Demolition (C&D) Wastes2017

Smart Cities2015

Ministry of Mines

Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, Dept. of Heavy Industry

Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

Ministry of Steel

Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs

Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology

Indian Environmental Governance is more Residue Centric and not focusing

on Resource Management

Less Emphasis on D4S More on Recycling

Upstream thinking is missing

There have been several CE enabling initiatives in place

But in Silo, Need to be Harmonized and Coordinated

Less Emphasis on D4S More on Recycling

Upstream thinking is missing, especially on chemicals

Informal sector plays an important role in India’s Circular Economy

How can we formalize/strengthen India’s informal sector?

Business in Circular Economy is still not understood the opportunities on

innovation and investment perspectives


We need a Rounded ApproachBe

Inclusive

Partner

Build credible

data

Promote new technologies &

Business Models

Enforce & Report

Finance

Build Capacities


The 12R’s of Circular Economy


If you don’t have a conductor, you get the noise and not sweet music


Thank you for your attention!

Reach me at [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

Circular Economy in Textiles Modak.pdf · Dr. Prasad Modak. 28/38 Indian . Forest Act. 1927. Water Pollution Act. 1974. Environment (protection) Act. 1986 (amended 1991) Forest (conservation)