83
22 implemented cases o local climate change adaptation to inspire European citizens  adaptation inspiration book CirCle-2

CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 1/83

2 implemented cases local climate change adaptationo inspire European citizens

a d a p t a t i o n i n s p i r a t i o n b o o k

C i r C l e - 2

Page 2: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 2/83

22 implementeo local climate change ada

to inspire European

 a d a p t at i o n i n s p i r a t i o n

Page 3: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 3/83

i C o n

b u d g

i C o n

o n t e n t

eeee

eee

ee

e

Small streams, big oodsCity of Arnsberg, Germany

When glaciers melt, what happens to the water?Grindelwald, Switzerland

Woring with nature in a real life laborator for ood protectionKruibeke, Belgium

Teaching sustainabilit b being sustainableLeicestershire County (Melton Vale), United Kingdom

Creating new laes to prevent oodingAarhus, Denmark

Communit woodlands managed b the peopleSomerset County, United Kingdom

Let it rain, let it rain, let it rainTrondheim, Norway

Teach the children – and mae it funTiel, the Netherlands

Nature as an all in coastal defenceFreiston Shore, United Kingdom

A hbrid solution: die-in-duneNoordwijk, the Netherlands

Two cases of the Sand Motor concept: woring with natureNorth Sea Coast and IJssel lake, the Netherlands

A green alternative to air-conditioningEferding, Austria

The green roof philosoph of CopenhagenCity of Copenhagen, Denmark

Citiens mobilised: creating a blue-green corridor in the citKamen, Germany

How to survive in a hot cit: Tatabána heat and UV-warning sstemTatabánya, Hungary

Side wal gardens and green wallsNijmegen, the Netherlands

Fresh air in the citStuttgart, Germany

Agroforestr: agriculture of the future?Montpellier, France

Combining energ production and food production in one placeMontpellier, France

Green deserts in SpainNorthern provinces in Spain

A vision of a thousand laesTamera, Portugal

18

24

30

36

42

50

56

62

70

76

84

92

98

104

112

118

124

134

140

146

152

f l o o d i n g

s e a l e v e l r i s e

h e a t

d r o u g h t

ordeline McGladeean Environment Agency

this booCapela Lourenço andAvelar,E-2 coordination

ew f Europehe 22 cases

2uction

6ngs of adaptation to climatee in Europe

8vel rises of adaptation to climatee in Europe

0

s of adaptation to climatee in Europe

32hts of adaptation to climatee in Europe

60nsessons can we drawhe 22 inspiringtion case studies?

62hon

Page 4: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 4/83

Jacqueline McGlade, Executive Directore European Environment Agency

ate change is a realit around the world, and the  t and speed of change is becoming ever morent. A recent EEA report [1] has shown that climatege is affecting all regions in Europe, causing a widee of impacts on society and the environment, ander impacts are expected in the future, if no actionen.rvations show higher average temperatures acrosspe as well as decreasing precipitation in southernns and increasing precipitation in northern Europe.

Greenland ice sheet, Arctic sea ice and manyers across Europe are melting, snow cover haseased and most permafrost soils have warmed.

ermore, climate change is projected to increase ri-ooding in various parts of Europe, as the local wateris inuenced. A lack of water will be a problem in areas - in southern Europe, as r iver ow droughtsrojected to become more severe and frequent.g sea levels raise the risk of coastal ooding during

m events.

urope warms, the effects are becoming visible  natural world. Plants are owering earlier in

ear, while in freshwater plankton blooms are alsoaring earlier. Some animals and plants are movingward or uphill as their habitats warm.

e environmental changes have man varied cations for human society. For example, severales show that parts of the continent will becomesuitable for disease-carrying mosquitos and sandf-

There may be less water available for agricultureields may fall due to droughts, but growing condi-may improve in other areas. Demand for heating

allen in parts of Europe, but this must be balanced

st higher energy demands for cooling during hottermers.

waves, oods and droughts have caused rising ge costs across Europe in recent years. While

more evidence is needed to discern the part played byclimate change in this trend, growing human activity inhazard-prone areas has been a key factor. Future climatechange is expected to add to this vulnerability,as extreme weather events are expected to becomemore intense and frequent. If European societies do notadapt, damage costs are expected to continue to rise.Some regions will be less able to adapt to climatechange than others, in part due to economic disparitiesand different institutional settings across Europe. The ef-fects of climate change may deepen these differences.Every part of society thus needs to adapt, while alsoreducing greenhouse gas emissions. The European

Commission has initiated various actions to integrateand mainstream adaptation into EU sectoral policies.Many countries, regions and cities have also started theadaptation process. The European Commission will pro-pose further actions to adapt in its European AdaptationStrategy, to be adopted later this year.

Despite the wealth of information on climate change,it can be hard to nd the right information to helpadaptation. The European Commission and EEA havedeveloped the European Climate Adaptation Platform(Climate-ADAPT) [2], a website that aims to help Europeadapt to climate change. Users can access and sharea wide range of information including adaptation casestudies, potential adaptation measures and tools thatsupport adaptation planning.

The CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Boo provides a great overview of practical and early examples of actualadaptive actions already taking place across Europe.These actions can make a region or city less vulnerableto the effects of climate change, enhance resilience or

provide new opportunities. Many of the innovative solu-tions, generally improve the quality of the environmentand the quality of life of citizens. As the benets of suchexamples become clear, I hope this book can indeedinspire people to adapt.

F O R E W O R D

[2] Climate-ADAPT: climate-adapt.eea.europa.euate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2012,Report No 12/2012

The idea of supporting an inspiratipractical climate adaptation rst aping the preparations for a CIRCLE-2‘From National Adaptation StrategieAdaptation Actions’.

Right from the start the challenge fundamental questions such as ‘whcl dttion xml look lik? ’ ados it mn to b insirtionl?’ Fothanks to the vision and knowledge and in particular of our editors and (inspirational) answer was soon to b

cal adaptation example has to be sobe photographed’ and that ‘inspiresadaptation as an opportunity rathera problem’. Well, that is easier said Adaptation remains a complex and ocept. In practice, both in Europe andit is still dealt with from a strategic than an effective one (hence the titleback in 2011). And for many, adaptattightly with other areas of science, pthat it becomes difcult to understadene its frontiers. But CIRCLE-2 ththis interface were scinc mts

Our experience shows us that adapultimate trans-disciplinarily challenwill only succeed through original, iinspiring solutions. This is how decicommunities across Europe and theinspired to adapt to a changing climwill perceive that there is more to advery distant future. This book is des

science, policy and practice. It is onCIRCLE-2 contributions to somethinexpect to see in the coming decadesof dttion s ositiv rochchn.Please enjoy this marvellous set of ples. We hope that you too, like us, fthem!

Tiago Capela Lourenço and David ACIRCLE-2 coordination, www.circle

o r e w o r d

a b o u t t h i s b o o k >

Page 5: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 5/83

erview of 22 inspiring case studiest helped adapt a region in Europehe impacts of climate change.

••

• •

••

• •

Small streams, big oodsCity of Arnsberg, Germany

> page 18

 

en glaciers melt, what happens to the water?Grindelwald, Switzerland

> page 24

Green deserts in SpainNorthern provinces in Spain

> page 146

A vision of a thousand laesTamera, Portugal

> page 152

Citiens mobilised: creating a blue-green corridor in the ci tKamen, Germany

> page 104

Agroforestr: agriculture of the future?Montpellier, France

> page 134

Combining energ production and food production in one placeMontpellier, France

> page 140

Side wal gardens and green wallsNijmegen, the Netherlands

> page 118

Fresh air in the citStuttgart, Germany

> page 124

Woring with nature in a real life laborator for ood protectionKruibeke, Belgium

> page 30

Teach the children – and mae it funTiel, the Netherlands

> page 62

Teaching sustainabilit b being sustainableLeicestershire County (Melton Vale), United Kingdom

> page 36

Nature as an all in coastal defenceFreiston Shore, United Kingdom

> page 70

Communit woodlands managed b the peopleSomerset County, United Kingdom

> page 50

A hbrid solution: die-in-duneNoordwijk, the Netherlands

> page 76

Two cases of the Sand Motor concept:woring with nature

North Sea Coast and IJssel lake, the Netherlands

> page 84

Creating new laes to prevent oodingAarhus, Denmark

> page 42

A green alternative to air-conditioningEferding, Austria

> page 92

How to survive in a hot cit:Tatabána heat and UV-warning sstemTatabánya, Hungary

> page 112

Let it rain, let it rain, let it rainTrondheim, Norway

> page 56

The green roof philosoph of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark

> page 98

O V E R V I E W

Page 6: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 6/83

daptation is adjusting to an uncertain

ture which will change dramatically

cording to climate and socio-

onomic scenarios.

e things that have to change are

rtially spatially dened, such as

gher ood defences, exible storm

rges protection, water retention areas

d cooling measures in cities, but also

rtially behavioural.

e have to change ourselves as well.

0

Page 7: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 7/83

Although most people ma have a rough understanding of climate change, the word adaptation often invitesraised eyebrows. Policy makers, especially those atlocal level, tend to frame climate change as an energyproblem, and turn to solutions such as energy efciencyand reducing greenhouse gases. For those not workingin the eld of adaptation to climate change, adaptationcan remain an elusive concept. However, adaptation hasbecome increasingly important. Even with a substantialreduction of the emission of greenhouse gases into ouratmosphere, the average temperature on earth willcontinue to rise. Besides higher temperatures in Europe,climate change will likely cause local extreme weatherevents with high levels of precipitation potentiallycausing ooding, whereas droughts are also projectedto become more prevalent. Sea levels will rise, causingooding and saltwater intrusion, the yields of traditionalcrops are projected to decrease in some areas and newanimal and plant species, some welcome, some harm-ful, will move northward and upwards. The heat islandswithin cities may become more intensive and cities may

experience ooding challenges, both as a result of ex-cessive rain and from the sea, rivers and waterways.At the same time we are facing global, political andsocial changes. Many (delta) cities require restructu-ring and introduction of a more sustainable way of cityplanning, There is a need for greater social coherence,particularly during times of economic crises and moreefcient energy use is a high priority as energy costs and

oil reserves become scarcer. How thadaptation and what does it look like

According to the IPCC adaptation tothe adjustment in natural or human to actual or expected climatic stimuwhich moderates harm or exploits btunities (IPCC 2007, Glossary). Adaptto an uncertain future which will chaaccording to climate and socio-econthings that have to change are partiasuch as higher ood defences, exibprotection, water retention areas anres in cities, but also partially behavto change ourselves as well. In this badaptation as an action that reducesmate change, even if climate changedriver of the project.

To cope with the proected changesseveral European countries have alr

or are in the process of developing nplans, i.e. the Scandinavian countriedom, the Netherlands, Germany, PoPublications containing good practicbecoming available. Databases comof adaptation measures are being esnotably the European Climate Adapta(Climate-ADAPT), maintained by the

t r o d u C t i o n What is adaptation to a changing climate? And can we call a measure

if the primar reasons for implementing are not related to climate ch

climate change impacts are reduced and resilience enhanced? What

can be drawn from the surve of 22 implemented adaptation measur

2 I N R O D U C T I O N 

Page 8: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 8/83

and the European Environment Agency [1] which wasched in March 2012, and the CIRCLE-2 [2] Infobase.ng closer at identied practices in many of thesee databases shows that what is available are oftenetical case studies, or small scale pilots, ratheractual implemented, working adaptation measures.son often mentioned for this, is that adaptation im-entation is not yet sufciently advanced in Europe,ywhere in the world for that matter. Therefore mostpractices’ are guidelines, adaptation options andy plans for implementation, while implementation isome years down the line. All this adds to the beliefdaptation, unlike mitigation, remains somewhat

ve, difcult to describe, and not as tangible. Manye databases provide short descriptions of projects,eldom include information on efcacy and lessonsed.ugh implemented measures in Europe are limitedmber, they are by no means absent. One just hasow how and where to look for them. Adaptation cansguised as responses to increasing pressures or

nting risks and not necessarily identied as adap-n to a changing climate. Measures are often simplyd by their direct effects, i.e. ‘water safety measures’,easures to improve ‘city climate’. The IPCC catego-these types of measures as autonomous adapta-as opposed to planned or anticipated adaptation2007, Glossary). Autonomous adaptation does notitute a conscious response to climate effects, butgered by other issues, such as improving quality ofcities, tackling social issues or providing economic

rtunities.

maers, practitioners, developers and scientists  benet from an overview of implemented adapta-

measures and lessons learned. Policy makers canwhat adaptation as implemented by others looks likeactice. They obtain a better impression of adap-n as the case studies can make those measures

real and tangible, and are able to draw lessons toove their policies and practices. Developers can seeheir actions and projects add to the adaptation tote change of a particular region or city. Scientists

ee how their research efforts are put into practice,hey can help develop evaluation methods to incre-he efciency of adaptation measures and can learnimplemented measures to further understandledge and evidence gaps.

ovide polic maers and professionals with a e of what climate change adaptation is and what

lessons can be derived from current implementations,the ERA-net programme CIRCLE-2, a European Networkof 34 institutions from 23 countries committed to fundresearch and share knowledge on adaptation to climatechange, conducted a search to identify examples ofimplemented adaptation measures. For the Adapta-tion Inspiration Book 22 case studies on implementedadaptation measures have been identied to date. Thesecase studies were identied by scanning databasessuch as Climate-Adapt scanning research programmesof CIRCLE-2 countries and other EU countries, suchas BRANCH, MEDIATION, ADAM, ESPACE, PROVIA [3] and CLIMSAVE [4], and scanning research programmesof CIRCLE-2 countries and other EU countries, suchas Knowledge for Climate (Netherlands), CC-SnowII(Austria), Finadapt (Finland) and Klimzug (Germany) [4].During the CIRCLE-2 workshop entitled ‘From NationalAdaptation Strategies to Concrete Adaptation Actions’held in Vienna (October 2011), participants (includingmany policy makers and practitioners) were encouragedto offer their own examples of implemented adaptation

measures. When cases were identied project leaderswere asked to provide information about climate effects,costs and benets through an online questionnaire. Thedata in this book reect the knowledge and interpre-tation of the project leaders responsible for the casestudies.

The online questionnaire was also distributed among CIRCLE-2 partner countries and contributors to allow foropen submissions of projects not afliated to any of theEuropean or national research programmes.The geographic scope of the Adaptation Inspiration Bookis Europe. The measures did not necessarily have tobe labelled as adaptation to climate change, as long asit led to a signicant increase in the capacity to copewith climate change or a decrease in susceptibility tothe negative effects of climate change. In other words,the adaptation measures identied had to make anexisting situation or region less vulnerable to the effectsof climate change, enhance resilience or provide newopportunities. It is our intention that these case studiesprovide inspiring, creative, innovative solutions that

improve the quality of the environment and the quality oflife of the people living there.

The Adaptation Inspiration Boo provides detailed information on each identied measure: to which sectorit belongs, (i.e. water safety, agriculture, cities), specicclimate effects adapted to, length of the project andcosts and benets, including the proportion of the bud-

get project leaders indicated was allocated specicallyto adaptation. Their comparison yields some insight intosuccess factors of the project, and into what are ad-ditional benets of these case studies. Although specicattention has been paid to nd case studies from all overEurope, due to the Northern and Western European’sleading role in climate change adaptation research,these countries are responsible for the majority of casestudies included in the Adaptation Inspiration Book. Theidentied measures tend to focus on water management(19 percent), biodiversity (19 percent), city planning (14percent) and disaster risk reduction (14 percent) andmost often tend to nd adaptation solutions for ooding(72 percent). In 14 of 22 case studies, adaptation to achanging climate was the main motivation. Flood pre-vention and erosion were examples of triggers for mea-sures in those case studies for which climate changewas not the main driver.

Most proects that are the subect of the case studies were either publicly funded (12) or beneted from a com-

bination of public and private funding (8 projects). Only2 projects were fully nanced from private funds. Half ofthe projects had budgets that exceeded 500.000 and onlyone was less than 10.000. For some only a small partof the budget was allocated specically to adaptation(less than 5 percent) and for others the whole budget(5 projects), although others were unable to specify thespecic portion of the budget allocated to adaptation.This difculty is linked to the challenge of differentiatingadaptation measures from those directed at other mea-sures (e.g., where does ecological restoration stop andadaptation to a changing climate begin?).

In general positive effects on sustainabilit, business development and quality of the environment were repor-ted more often than negative effects. 14 Percent reportednegative impacts on business as opposed to 41 percentof projects reporting business opportunities arisingfrom the adaptation measures. 9 Percent of adaptationmeasures resulted in a decrease in environmentalquality while 77 percent of projects resulted in an incre-ase in environmental quality. Prevention of damage (86

percent), increased sustainability (68 percent) and socialbenets (68 percent) were also mentioned as positiveside effects of the adaptation measures.The case studies in the Adaptation I nspiration Bookoften do not limit t hemselves to action in one sectoror tackling one challenge. For example, they combineadaptation to a changing climate with educating childrenby building a showcase sustainable school that can also

be used in biology classes. Or they liproving ecological conditions and qument by replanting forests and renatCombining multiple sectors or goalsimproves cost effectiveness, as it didsustainable school in the United Kinthe Dutch Sand Motor project (page term view is incorporated, measuresbe sustainable and they are less likein the near future. However, exact coare difcult to pinpoint.As these case studies demonstrate, mentation is at an early stage in Eurimplementing measures often do so‘learning by doing’. The focus is on lThe cases in this Inspiration Book aractual adaptive action in Europe. Ovesome of these and other cases will bEuropean Climate-ADAPT informatiospire others. If you have an equally inpropose to include it in this online in

climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu.

Most case studies in this boo are mresearchers or communities to provineeded to evaluate whether the meathat for which they were implementeto reducing vulnerability to climate cis an important aspect of the procesclimate change. The only true test ofmeasure indeed reduces vulnerabiliover time. As part of this monitoringkeep track of the latest climate scenor not adaptation measures such as agroforestry schemes and heat alertstill adequate as implemented. Are tadaptation measures achieving the ithere a need to introduce improvemeshould they be introduced? As adaptlearning process, are there lessons tand can the implemented measuresbe used elsewhere?

4 I N R O D U C T I O N 

footnotes[1] climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu[2] www.circle-era.eu/np4/10[3] www.provia-climatechange.org[4] www.climsave.eu[5] www.klimzug.de

Page 9: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 9/83

ooding

6 F L O O D I N G

Page 10: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 10/83

Location City of Arnsberg, Germany

Total budget

eeee

 Non-nancial costs

environment, nature andsustainability

Non-nancial benets environment, business, socialand nature

Project partners District government of Arnsberg,District Hochsauerlandkreis,Environmental Bureau ofArnsberg, Consulting engineers,Local residents

Public or private project Public

Contact Environmental Bureau of theCity of ArnsbergGotthard Schejae-mail: [email protected]

mall streams,ig oodsmt risks

ctor

8 A R N S B E R G , G E R M A N y   A R

Within just two yrs 2.7 kilomtrs of th strms wr succssfully rnturd, rrnd in mor nturl n

Page 11: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 11/83

Renaturing o smallwaters as a means o

limate change adaptation•

+

Arnsberg

0 A R N S B E R G , G E R M A N y   A R

n thinking about adapting to

e ood risks, it are often the

rivers that come to our minds

Most of us are unaware of the

hat smaller water courses,

as streams or brooks, can

develop mighty powers dur-

ood or intense rain events.

ity of Arnsberg in Germany

ned that the hard way: after two

eme rainfall events in 2007 it

o conclude that small streams

e dangerous as well. Within

hours, a downpour of about

tres of rain per square metre

o the ooding of four streams

ng serious damage to the

-up area.

oodins cusd unrstn th citizns, s gotthrd

from th environmntl Bu-of th City of arnsbr xlins.om tim ftr th ood, ss th wthr forcst r-d stronr rins, citizns wouldh environmntl Buru,

cus srious hrm in in thnr futur. as rt of th rntur-in msurs, strm bnks in nd- vry imortntly - outsid of thvills wr nlrd nd ttnd.Wtr obstructin lmnts, suchs stirs clos to th strm bdwr rmovd, rducin th owrof th wtr. In n urbn r whrsc is limitd, rovidin strmwith mor room cn b chllninmsur.

In arnsbr th involvmnt of loclinhbitnts from th vry binninof th lnnin rocss md ll thdiffrnc. Svrl tims citiznsrd to iv u rts of thir

rortis to llow th strms toxnd in. In rctic this mnttht two to thr mtrs of rortynd rdns wr ivn bck toth strms. Littl rdn housswr voluntrily ivn u twic, sthy wr loctd too clos to thstrms. Intrstinly, most citiznswr mor thn willin to coort,

frin tht nothr xtrm rinwould ld to roccurrd ood-

in. Undr th inunc of climtchn oodin vnts r likly tooccur mor oftn. Th frquncy ofxtrm vnts, includin hvy rinflls tht cn ld to mjor oodin,is xctd to incrs. This ld thcity dministrtion nd citizns todcid tht th four smllr strmsowin throuh th municility

s th ood dttion msurs ldto hihr sfty lvl: n xtrmood, tht sttisticlly hns vryhundrd yrs, cn now ss thsbrooks by arnsbr without cusinmjor dms.

Nowdys, locl inhbitnts flrlivd tht thir concrns for hvyrin nd oods hv bn tkn sri-ously. Th msurs ld to incrsdbioloicl divrsity throuh ntur(r)-dvlomnt, imrovmnt ofth city lndsc nd incrsdtouristic vlu of th city of arnsbr.On othr co-bnt tht gotthrdis scilly roud of is th fct thtth dttion msurs undrtkn

for th four smllr strms incombintion with th lr msurst th rivr Ruhr contributd to theU Wtr Frmwork Dirctiv WFDin tim (2012), s on of fw townsin grmny. Th WFD commits thMmbr Stts of th euronUnion to chiv ood (coloicl)sttus of ll wtr bodis by 2015.

ndd mor room. Room to ovr-ow, without oodin th vills.

Within just two yrs 2.7 kilomtrsof th strms wr succssfullyrnturd, rrnd in mor ntu-rl nd coloiclly sound wy. Thisquick ortion ws md ossiblby th fruitful coortion btwnmunicility nd locl inhbitnts,nd fulld by th rvlnt frtht such n xtrm vnt miht

Photo: ©Umweltbüro, Arnsberg

Page 12: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 12/83

he two primary causes of ooding are climate change,

esulting in increased severity and intensity of rainfall,nd new developments on oodplains, which arehemselves at risk of ooding, and which increase thesk of ooding downstream.

2 F L O O D I N G

Page 13: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 13/83

Location Grindelwald, Switzerland

Total budget

eeee

 Non-nancial costs none

Non-nancial benets Business

Project partners Chief Engineer District 1Department of civil engineeringBerne, Corporation of RiverbedConstructions of Grindelwald,Corporation of RiverbedConstructions of the RegionInterlaken, Community ofGrindelwald, Federal Ofce of theEnvironment

Public or private project Public

Contact Oberingenieurkreis INils Hählene-mail: [email protected]

When glaciers melt, whatappens to the water?

mt risks

ctor

4 G R I N D E L W A L D , S W I T z E R L A N D G R I N D E L W A

Th construction of th drin tunnl ws inititd in 2009, th yr whn durin My th lcil lk

Page 14: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 14/83

cause extensive ooding and severedamage. This meant that reliableprotective measures were necessaryto reduce the risk that the meltingglacier posed.

To mitigate the risk of the lake brea-king through and ooding the regiona drainage tunnel was proposed.

Drainage tunnel orlacier lake on Lower

Grindelwald-Glacier

+ Grindelwald

6 G R I N D E L W A L D , S W I T z E R L A N D G R I N D E L W A

eating glaciers are probablf the most visible clues thatlimate is changing. The alpsredicted to be one of the regionsstrongly affected by climatege in Europe. Over the course last century, the alpine region

witnessed increasing averageeratures and glaciers have lostst two thirds of their volume1850 - and are continuing to do

an increasing rate. The retreat glaciers not only changesay the alpine landscape lookslso strongly impacts the waterce and levels of risks in theunding areas.

isk related to glacial retreat isrmation of more glacial lakes

normal. The glacial lakes atower Grindelwald-Glacier, aating glacier in the central partitzerland, form the biggest risk Bernese Oberland. Glacialform when snow slowly startslt during spring. Glacier lakes

rally belong to glaciers, no mat-hether they retreat or advance.

The construction of the drainagetunnel was initiated in 2009, the yearwhen during May the glacial lakereached its highest level recordedwith 2.400.000 cubic metres. Duringspring 2010, the drainage tunnelbecame operational after elevenmonths of construction. An articialdrainage gallery was created as

With the fast retreat due to climatechange, more glacier lakes form- more often too - and thereforethey are to be observed. When snowmelts the melt water streams intothe lakes very quickly and accumu-lates in vast water quantities. Forexample in July 2008 the almostempty glacial lake lled overnight toapproximately 300.000 cubic metres– that’s 120 Olympic-size swimmingpools lled with water!

Rising temperatures during thesummer months can then lead tothe dangerous situation where theglacial lake is at risk of ooding thesurrounding area at any time, assoon as the water has found a wayof draining through the frozen bed of

the lake – an event that is difcult topredict exactly and even more dif-cult to control. The Chief Engineer ofthe rst district of the Canton Bernand the Corporation of RiverbedConstructions Grindelwald decidedthat the yearly growing lake volumewas posing an unbearable risk to theregion, as sudden outbursts would

close to the bottom of the lake aspossible. The tunnel leads into thegorge down the valley and the watercan run through the river Lütschine.As a result, the water level can nolonger rise beyond this point and theglacial lake is prevented from havinglarge volumes of water. Now thatthat the volume of the lake cannotsurpass 500.000 cubic metres, asudden outbreak, if it occurs, is notexpected to lead to major damages.As it is estimated that the bottom ofthe lake gets lower from year to year,it is likely that also the intake of thedrainage tunnel needs to be loweredcorrespondingly.

Nils Hählen from the Oberingenieur-kreis I explains that because most of

the drainage tunnel is below groundit has a rather small effect on thesurrounding landscape. Tourists arevisiting the area again without havingto fear ooding at the Grindelwaldand the tunnel allows for dangers ofhigh water level in the glacier lake tobe quickly mitigated.

Photo: ©Chief Engineer District 1 Canton Bern, Nils Hählen

Page 15: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 15/83

8

©Chief Engineer District 1 Canton Bern, Nils Hählen

Page 16: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 16/83

Location Kruibeke, Belgium

Total budget

eeee

 Non-nancial costs social costs

Non-nancial benets Enviroment, social and nature

Project partners Agentschap voor Natuur enBos, Local partners: Kruin,Bedrijfsgilde, Boerenbond

 

Public or private project Public

Contact JusBoxTina Stroobandte-mail: [email protected]

Working with nature inreal lie laboratory or

ood protectionmt risks

ctor

0 k R U I B E k E , B E LG I U M k

Th dynmic ow llows th crtion of tyicl tidl lndscs, ttrctin hundrds of birds lik

(Photo: ©Afdeling Zeesche

Page 17: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 17/83

Kruibeke retention area

2 k R U I B E k E , B E L G I U M k

+

ibeke

bee is a small municipalit inders, across the river from har-

cit Antwerp. It is located in aprone area of Belgium, onceimed from the river Scheldt.nhabitants of this region face atantial ood risk when a springccurs with a North Western

m. On average twice a year suchent causes a big storm surgepushed from the sea into theScheldt. This causes high waters and a severe pressure on theldt dykes.

afety of the area around theScheldt needed to be improveddress the existing risk, a mattere more urgent taking projectedte change into account. By lo-g the dike of the Scheldt alongance of 8 kilometres, the top oftorm wave is cut off, allowingater to ow into the designated

(600 ha) in a controlled manner.reation of this ood controls part of the Sigma Plan thatupport safety, environment,ing and recreation along thedt river.

afety is not the only bene-his project. The entire area

and quality of the natural develop-ment in this experimental area. All

lessons learned will be put to gooduse when ne-tuning the inlet- andoutlet constructions in Kruibeke.

Wh is so much effort going into thecreation of tidal plain habitat? Mudats and salt marshes are importantparts of the river as they support theself-purication of the river system.The vegetation lters excess nitrogenfrom the water and allows for theuptake of oxygen into the water.At the same time, it enhances the

will become an accessible naturearea, harbouring a vast and unique

swamp forest area, 150 hectares ofgrassland bird area and 300 hectaresof tidal plain. Waterwegen en Zeeka-naal N.V., the organisation managingpart of the navigable waterways inFlanders, implemented an innovativemethod to allow the creation of mudats and marshes in a low-lying pol-der. An inlet construction mimics thenatural tidal movement. Twice a day,during high tide, the raising river wa-ter reaches ‘tubes’ in the inlet con-struction, that allow a reduced part

of the ood water to ow into thearea. At low tide, the water leaves

the area though the outlet construc-tion. This dynamic ow allows thecreation of typical tidal landscapes,attracting hundreds of birds like thekingsher and avocet.

In anticipation of this large scale pro- ject, Hamme Lippenbroek, an areaof ten hectares, serves as a real lifelaboratory for this ingenious environ-mental scheme. Several universitiesmonitor the testing site and arewildly enthusiastic about the speed

development of plankton. Accor-dingly, ood control areas with tidal

systems help to restore the basisof the food chain for innumerableplants and animals. Thanks to thepromising and positive pilot resultsat Lippenbroek tidal habitats are nowbeing constructed in other Sigma-projects beside the one in Kruibeke.Creating ood plans hopefully leadsto a revitalization of the biodiversityin the river Scheldt.

(Photo: ©Afdeling Zeesch

(Illustration: ©Afdeling Zeeschelde, Waterwegen en Zeekanaal)

Storm tid Low tid

Page 18: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 18/83

4

control areas with tidal systemso restore the basis of the food chainnumerable plants and animals.©Afdeling Zeeschelde, Waterwegen en Zeekanaal)

Page 19: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 19/83

Location Leicestershire County(Melton Vale), UK

Total budget

eeee

 Non-nancial costs none

Non-nancial benets Enviroment, social and nature

Project partners Willmott Dixon (maincontractor), A+G (Architects),ARUP (Civiland StructuralEngineers), DSA E+D

 

Public or private project Public

Contact DSA ENVIRONMENT + DESIGNLTDDavid Singletone-mail: [email protected]

eaching sustainabilityy being sustainablemt risks

ctor

6 L E I C E S T E R S H I R E C O U N T y ( M E LT O N V A L E ) , U k L E I C E S T E R S H I R E C O U N T y (

escilly constructd swls ld th wtr to dtntion bsin whr scic lnt scis cnPho

Page 20: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 20/83

+ Melton Vale school

Melton Vale school SuDS

8 L E I C E S T E R S H I R E C O U N T y ( M E LT O N V A L E ) , U k L E I C E S T E R S H I R E C O U N T y (

ventilators at roof level provide theschool with fresh air. A wind turbineon site generates electricity and theschool’s heating system incorporatesa biomass boiler, which uses woodpellets. Even more elaborate is thestorm water runoff, a so called SuDs(Sustainable Drainage system) thateffectively collects rain water runoffin a central detention basin. Large

areas of new grass- and wetland areused to attenuate storm water. At thesame time, this drainage scheme isproviding a considerable increase inbiodiversity across the site.A rainwater tank collects water fromthe roof for recycling in the building.Any excess is directed into the basin.The western side of the school car

Melton Vale Post 16 Centre6) taes teaching the nextration about sustainabilit and

erabilit to climate change to ae new level.

Melton Vale Post 16 Centre isool in Leicestershire in thed Kingdom that educatesscents from the age of 16. When

w school building had to be

ructed, the school board de-it had to be sustainable – andhe school had to become anument in teaching the students

sustainability. The building isted on an east-west axis therebymising exposure to naturalght and decreasing the demandticial lightning. Beehive style

importantly, expensive excavation forthese hard engineering measures.In addition swales and basins areeasier and cheaper to maintain. Theydo not block easily and any problems(such as spillages of potential pol-lutants) are generally visible and canbe xed quickly.To make maximum use of the in-

novative techniques the curriculumof the school has been modiedto allow students to use the SuDSlandscape for their studies. Thisoffers students the chance to beinvolved in the monitoring andevaluation of the SuDS. Studentsare helping to collect data on theperformance of the system. The art,geography, biology and chemistrydepartments use the school envi-ronment in their teaching program-mes. Dave Barton, a biology teacherat the school, and his studentshave completed a eld survey of theschool landscape. They are compa-

ring species diversity across variousareas to see whether changes inmanagement (such as frequency ortype of grass cutting) alter speciesdiversity. Additionally, Jon Sherwin,the school Principal, has noted thatstudents’ focus on learning has verymuch improved .

parking and access road drain viaa swale to the main attenuationbasin. Nested wetlands carry stormwater to one main detention basin.Especially constructed swales leadthe water to a detention basin wherespecic plant species can lter andclean the water. The design preventsooding even under a 100 year rain-fall event with an extra allowance forclimate change. The water leaves theschool site via a gabion headwall. Itthen connects into the original (andconventionally piped underground)system of the wider school campus,which will receive much less water

during an extreme rain event, dueto the storage capacity at the schoolsite.Besides reducing the risk of oods,SuDS are also cheaper in installationcompared to conventional under-ground drainage systems becausethere is no need for pipework, con-nections, tanks and gullies and,

Photo: ©DSA Environment + Design

Photo: ©DSA Environment + Design

Page 21: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 21/83

0 L E I C E S T E R S H I R E C O U N T y ( M E LT O N V A L E ) , U k L E I C E S T E R S H I R E C O U N T y

Lr rrss- n

r usd tost

(Photo:

Page 22: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 22/83

Location Aarhus, Denmark

Total budget

eeee

 Non-nancial costs none

Non-nancial benets Enviroment, social and nature

Project partners The private landowners in thearea, Danish Nature, Localpumping society, Councillorsin the City’s Board, The formerCounty Council of Aarhus

 

Public or private project Public- private partnership

Contact Nature and Environment,Municipality of AarhusMogens Bjørn Nielsen, Head ofDepartmente-mail: [email protected]

Creating new lakes torevent oodingmt risks

ctor

2 A A R H U S , D E N M A R k

Th lk ttrcts mny diffrnt bird scis in hih numbrs, with 169 sc

Page 23: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 23/83

Wetlands reduce oodisks in Egå Engsø

+

nmar climate change iscted to lead to more intenseall and rising sea levels. Thispect maes the provision ofprotection, especiall for low-and densel populated areas,asingl urgent. An inexpensive

ntelligent solution is to createMogens Bjørn Nielsen from there and Environment department municipality of Aarhus calls

change. The water level of the lakecan rise by about one metre, depen-ding on seasonal rainfall conditions.A dynamic ow model for the areashows that the lake has reduced theood risk of the densely populated

areas in the lower part of the rivervalley.Mogens Bjørn explains that initially itwas difcult to sell the idea of a newwetland because this was a new ideaand concept. But when the area rstbecame ooded, many people asked:“Why haven’t we done this before?”– followed by expressing their appre-

‘time and space for water’ in ruralcatchments.Egaa Engsoe, a lake of 115 hectaressurrounded by 165 hectares of wetmeadows, is an example of creating‘time and space for water’. It islocated in the densely populated

and low-lying valley of River Egaaclose to Aarhus. In 2006 the old riverdikes were removed and the drainedand pumped area was ooded. The

ciation of the beauty of the lake andits surroundings. This shows that theproject was successful in terms ofmanaging the many interests of theinvolved stakeholders and to nd asolution that is technically wise, from

a ood risk reduction point of view,as well as nancially convincing.Interestingly the Egaa Engsoe is nowone of the most popular recreationalsites in the municipality. Every daythe site is visited by many hundredsof citizens and it has become animportant green-blue area in theregion.

created lake stores water duringheavy rainfall, which reduces therisk of ooding. Additionally, the lakereduces nitrogen leaching from sur-rounding agricultural areas.The main motivations of the Mu-nicipality of Aarhus to create Egaa

Engsoe were to obtain a cleanerwater environment that enhancesthe recreational uses and serves toadapt the region to projected climate

4 A A R H U S , D E N M A R k

Photo: ©Municipality of Aarhus

Photo: ©Municipality of Aarhus

Page 24: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 24/83

he main motivations ofmunicipality to create ake, is to obtain a cleanerater environment thatnhances the recreationalses and serves to adapte region to projectedimate change.

6

Page 25: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 25/83

8 F L O O D I N G

Woodland can help to seqcarbon, reduce the emissgreenhouse gases and suthe adaptation of areas tochanges of the climate in including extreme rainfalland ooding.read more > next page

Page 26: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 26/83

Location Somerset County,United Kingdom

Total budgeteeee

 Non-nancial costs none

Non-nancial benets Enviroment, social andnature

Project partners UK Partners: Somerset County Council,Environment Agency, SomersetDrainage Boards Consortium, Somerset

Wildlife Trust RSPB, Farming andWildlife Advisory Group (FWAG)European partners: WRD – WaterboardRegge & Dinkel (Netherlands),WVER – Wasserverband Eifel-Rur(Germany), WGS – Waterboard GrootSalland (Netherlands), VMM – VlaamseMilieumaatschappij (Belgium), IAV –Institution d’Amenagement de la Vilaine(France)

Public or private project Public

Contact 

Somerset County CouncilStephen Dury, e-mail:[email protected]

Community woodlandsmanaged by the people

mt risks

ctor

It is only sns of locl ownrshi tht th dvlomnt of nw woodlnd is ossibl nd involv

0 S O M E R S E T C O U N T y , U N I T E D k I N G D O M S O M E R S E T C O U N T y

Page 27: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 27/83

WAVE CommunityWoodlands and Climateestival in the Somerset

County•

+ Somerset County

ount of Somerset is one ofounties in the United kingdomthe lowest woodland cover. land can help to sequester

on, reduce the emission ofnhouse gases and support indaptation of areas to inevitableges of the climate in the future,ding extreme rainfall events andng. This triggered Somersetty Council six years ago to

urage the development of sod Community Woodlands. Sincetwelve Community Woodlandsbeen established with localents.

woodlands are usually betweenrter and ve hectares of ma-d (semi) wild areas with treeshrubs located within a short

gaining local support is not alwayseasy. An important, yet also critical

rst step, is to nd an owner who iswilling to give up land that can be de-veloped into a Community Woodland.It is only a sense of local ownershipand therefore local interest andinvolvement that the developmentof a new woodland is possible andinvolvement of local inhabitantsguaranteed. Local councils with an

walking distance to the next villageor town. The Community Woodlands

(part of the EU WAVE project) sup-port Somerset in becoming moreclimate resilient and preparing thewater system for projected climatechange. Somerset intended to workwith natural processes to manageexcess water in a sustainable way,for instance by providing more spacefor water in the environment, while

interest in creating a woodland intheir municipality published the ini-tiative to the public. For towns wherevolunteers stepped forward newwoodland schemes were planned.There have also been cases whereindividual landowners were the maininstigators of the projects and therewas little involvement of the localCouncils.An incredible 161 volunteers havecontributed an estimated 21.760hours to the WAVE project, mainly onhabitat management, wardening ofreserves and botanical surveying, forSomerset Wildlife Trust (SWT). SWThas completed 222 advisory visits tolandowners and 31 agri-environmentscheme applications (part of the cur-rent Rural Development Programmefor England (RDPE)), that providesfunding to farmers and other land

managers in England to deliver ef-fective environmental managementon their land. These activities willinject almost £2.9 million into theeconomy of the Somerset Levelsand Moors over the next ten years.Within the WAVE project, Somersetorganised a Water Festival, whichwas attended by 6.000 people.

at the same time minimising theimpact on communities and landow-

ners, and maximising opportunitiesfor wildlife and other local interests.Trees can alleviate the severity ofooding because they increase thewater-holding capacity of the groundand slow down water r unoff.Phil Stone, the lead ofcer fromSomerset County Council, points outthat planning a new woodland and

2 S O M E R S E T C O U N T y , U N I T E D k I N G D O M S O M E R S E T C O U N T y

(Photo: ©Steve Parker)

(Photo: ©WAVE)

(Photo: ©Steve Dury)

Page 28: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 28/83

he Community Woodlands (part of the EU WAVE project)upport Somerset in becoming more climate resilient andreparing the water system for projected climate change

o: ©Glastonbury Tor)

more > previous page

4

Page 29: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 29/83

Location 

Trondheim, Norway

Total budget

unknown Non-nancial costs none

Non-nancial benets Enviroment, business,social and nature

Project partners 

The project is led by theNorwegian Water Resources andEnergy Directorate (NVE)Cooperators: EU Interreg 4bproject SAWA, Norwegian Citiesof the future project (Framtidensbyer), Norwegian research projectExFlood , Technical universityTrondheim, NTNU, City ofTrondheim

Public or private project 

Public-privatepartnership

Contact Norwegian WaterResources and EnergyDirectorate (NVE)Bent Braskerude-mail: [email protected]

et it rain, let it rain,et it rainmt risks

ctor

6 T R O N D H E I M , N O R W A y T R

Rin rdns or bio rtntion rs hv bn usd to mn xtrm vnts for dcds, nd insir

Page 30: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 30/83

Rain gardens to managextreme rainall events

+

Trondheim

8 T R O N D H E I M , N O R W A y T R

(Photo’s: ©Arvid Elke)

Norwegian cit of Trondheimlding rain gardens to reduce

water load on the sewers andn water on the site where itas rain. These rain gardens arered after an American example. United States rain gardensbecome a popular storm water

agement practice. Rain gardens retention areas have beento manage extreme events for

des, and inspired the people ofdheim to build their own. Rainens are constructed as shallowed depressions and facilitate amanagement of storm watergh collection, retention and

ration of water.t rain garden in Trondheim wasructed in 2010, in the city bor-

of managing as much as 90 percentof the annual runoff in Trondheim.The inltration rate is essential forthe rain garden performance. In twosmaller rain gardens about 7 m2in size, a 30 year ood peak in Oslo(24 mm in 20 min) can be reducedwith 77 and 100 percent when theinltration rate was 17 and 104 cm/hour respectively.Besides the promising water reten-

tion capacities, rain gardens improvethe quality of their environment, asthey increase the amount of green- and blue structures in cities. Afunctioning rain garden requires acertain amount of maintenance, forexample weeding and irrigation, thatneeds to be taken into account whenplanning a rain garden. Bent Bras-

row Risvollan, with help of landscapeand construction company Anlegg& Utemiljö. To create a rain gardenthe clay soil had to be excavatedand relled with sandy soil. When itrains heavily storm water will enterthe rain garden and slowly seepinto the sandy soil and nally intothe drainage layer which includes adrain that directs excess water away.The pilot rain garden in Trondheim

is 40 square metres large and has awater retaining capacity of approxi-mately 13 cubic metres includingthe lter media. These rain gardenswere designed and built under aninitiative led by the Norwegian WaterResources and Energy Directorate(NVE) with the aim to adapt cities toclimate change.

kerud, from the Norwegian WaterResources and Energy Directorate(NVE), indicates that investing inrain gardens leads to lower costs forwater management. “Using pipelinesfor storm water are actually not thewisest investments. Open stormwater systems, on the contrary,give the population more value formoney as they create green and bluestructures in the urban environment

- nature in the city.” Creating moreroom for water and ecological nichesmight even increase biodiversity.

To test the effectiveness of the raingarden a model was created tosimulate the hydrological perfor-mance of the Risvollan rain garden.The model contains real data thatwas measured since its instalmentin 2010. The results indicate that therain garden can reduce a 15-yearpeak ow (26 mm in three hours)with up to 90 percent for a large raingarden, which covers 7 percent of a

catchment area. The inltration ratewas 10 cm/hour, and the water depth20 cm. Peak reduction was 22 per-cent for a smaller rain garden, whichcovers 4 percent of the catchmentarea. Furthermore, the results showthat a standard rain garden, whichcovers between 5 to 7 percent of thecatchment area, should be capable

Page 31: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 31/83

0

of th difcultis in risin wrnss of climt chn ist it is rcivd s lobl roblm, with lr scl imcts,

t hu uncrtintis in trms of xct locl ffcts. Somttion msurs hv to b tkn loclly, nd for ol todrstnd nd cct ths msurs, climt chn hs to bd locl nd tnibl

Page 32: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 32/83

Location Tiel, the Netherlands

Total budget

ee

 Non-nancial costs none

Non-nancial benets none

Project partners Municipality of Tiel,TekstPerfect, Vissia, Made byMistake, Stichting DuurzaamRivierenland

 

Public or private project  Public

Contact Municipality of TielAnnemieke Spite-mail: [email protected]

each the children – andmake it un

mt risks

ctor

2 T I E L , T H E N E T H E R L A N D S T I E L ,

Whil risin wrnss of climt chn in fun wy, th rormm lso crts undrstndin for th wtr msurs

Page 33: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 33/83

Tiel +

ducational programmelimate change and water

4 T I E L , T H E N E T H E R L A N D S T I E L ,

with large scale impacts, but hugeuncertainties in terms of exact localeffects. Some adaptation measures

have to be taken locally, and forpeople to understand and acceptthese measures, climate change hasto be made local and tangible. In Tiel,school children are educated aboutclimate change, which builds a bridgebetween understanding the need foradaptation to climate change and ac-cepting local adaptation measures.

Tiel East is an area that has to dealwith a lot of water nuisance, such asooding. The district lies between

the dikes of the Waal and theAmsterdam-Rijn Canal. Problemswith seepage water occur every-where along the Waal, especiallyat high water levels. As a result ofprojected climate change and higherwater levels more seepage waterwill be created in the future. Tokeep the district liveable the water

ating children and raising theireness of climate change is im-

ant and can help to mae futurerations more nowledgeablehus more informed aboutting to climate change. Thecipality of Tiel, in the Nether-

s, created the educational pro-me ‘Wie, Wat, Water’ (or: ‘Who,, Water’) on climate change andr for the city’s primary schools.rogramme gradually narrowsope from global to local ef-in the eastern part of Tiel andhlights the green and waterures that are being taken there.

e raising awareness of climatege in a fun way, the programmecreates understanding for ther measures that will be takenl.

of the difculties in raisingeness of climate change is thaterceived as a global problem,

nuisance must decrease. The searchfor solutions started with a ‘the morethe merrier’ adagio. From residentto water expert, from historian tourban developer, from dike wardento project developer, everyone waswelcome. A motley group of peoplestarted looking for ideas to make TielEast drier and nicer. By combiningthe knowledge of many differentpeople the best results are created.Each group has made a new map ofTiel East. They include operationsthat can make the district betterable to cope with water nuisanceand add quality to the environment.

Jointly the groups have collecteddozens of ideas. All kinds of thingsare included: permeable streets, asuper-wide climate dike, new canalsand ditches, green roofs and watersquares.Tiel East features as a case studyexample in the school children’steaching programme. The educa-

tional programme starts with oneof the teachers leading a groupdiscussion about climate change:what do the children already knowabout climate change? After theintroduction the children learn towork with a special 3D water mapof the Netherlands in which oodscan be simulated. They activelyexperiment with water to see theeffects of different water levels onthe Dutch lands.The programme is quite popularamongst schools in Tiel, kids andtheir teachers appreciate the playfulway they learn about the subject.

Photo: ©Municipality of Tiel

Page 34: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 34/83

ture climate change is expected to add to vulnerability,extreme weather events are expected to become moreense and frequent.

uropean societies do not adapt, damage costs arepected to continue rising.

6

Page 35: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 35/83

sealevelrise

8 S E A L E V E L R I S E

Page 36: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 36/83

Location Freiston Shore,United Kingdom

Total budget

unknown

 Non-nancial costs

Business

Non-nancial benets environment, social and nature

Project partners Department for EnvironmentFood and Rural Affairs (Defra),Royal Society for the Protectionof Birds (RSPB), EnvironmentAgency, Natural England

Public or private project Private

Contact Environment AgencyPhilip Staleye-mail: [email protected]

Nature as an allyn coastal deencemt risks

ctor

0 F R E I S T O N S H O R E , U N I T E D k I N G D O M   F R E I S T O N S H O R E

On of th lrst mnd rlinmnt sits in th UK is loctd t th Friston shor on th nor th-wstrn bnk of T

Photo

Page 37: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 37/83

coastal defence line, for instance anembankment, is breached and a newdefence constructed elsewhere.One of the largest managed realign-

ment sites in the United Kingdom islocated at the Freiston shore on thenorth-western bank of The Wash bayand estuary. Managed realignmentschemes along the United Kingdom’scoastline provide a sustainable ood

reiston shoremanagedealignment

+

Freiston Shore

2 F R E I S T O N S H O R E , U N I T E D k I N G D O M   F R E I S T O N S H O R E

ton shor

Friston shor throuh th yrs(Photo’s: ©The Environment Agency (UK)

is the best wa to protect thepean coast? Most people wouldabl answer that the nowt dies, dunes and emban-

s to protect the land from pow-storms and waves of the sea.

her approach to coastal oneagement and coastal protectionnaged realignment. Managed

gnment is where the original

and mudats are incorporated intoUK Shoreline Management Plans.The Royal Society for the Protectionof Birds (RSPB) manages the siteand has created a wetland habitatwith a brackish lagoon that is usedby birds, juvenile sh and birdwatch-ers.

The project is successfully deliv-ered through partnerships betweenthe Department for EnvironmentFood and Rural Affairs (Defra), theEnvironment Agency, the RSPB andothers. It has raised the standard ofcoastal defence and therefore re-duced the ood risk to the surround-ing area. In addition, a bird reservehas been created where manyspecies of wildfowl and waders suchas brent geese (Branta bernicla)and redshank (Tringa totanus) feel

at home. The area is now a valuablenursery habitat for juvenile sh. Thenationally signicant species of birdsand wildlife that can be seen at thesite and adjacent lagoon has madeFreiston popular with visitors, andthe RSPB receives approximately60.000 visitors to the site every year.

defence solution that incorporates afunctioning ecosystem and compen-sates for habitat loss by traditionalood defence and other human

induced works.

Managed realignment schemes in-troduce a new way of thinking aboutood defences, which traditionallyfocused on built structures. Insteadof resisting the impact of water, forexample with a sea wall, this methodmanages the tidal inundation andwave impact. Using nature or naturalpowers plays an important role inthis new thinking. At Freiston theprimary defence, an embankment,was breached at three sites. Throughthe three breaches, tidal currentsare now able to ow freely into theenclosed marsh land and create anew habitat from what had previ-ously been reclaimed agriculturalland. The newly created salt marshprovides a natural habitat for birdsand plants and serves as a sustain-

able sea defence. It also breaks theincoming waves and reduce theirenergy. This leads to less impact onthe sea defence, for example, a dikethat is lying further inland. Theseobjectives are linked to the require-ments of the Habitats Directive andthe UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP)targets. The targets for salt marshesPhoto: ©The Environment Agency (UK)

Page 38: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 38/83

at is the best way to protect the European coast?

st people would probably answer that they know about dikes,nes and embankments to protect the land from powerfulrms and waves of the sea. Another approach to coastal zonenagement and coastal protection is managed realignment.ore > page 12

4

Page 39: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 39/83

Location Noordwijk, the Netherlands

Total budget

eeee

 Non-nancial costs none

Non-nancial benets Business

Project partners Rijkswaterstaat,, Provinceof Zuid-Holland, Communityof Noordwijk, WaterboardHoogheemraadschap vanRijnland

 

Public or private project Public

Contact Hoogheemraadschap van RijnlandMark de Vriese-mail: [email protected]

A hybrid solution:ike-in-dunemt risks

ctor

6 N O O R D W I j k , T H E N E T H E R L A N D S N O O R D W I j k ,

Th dik ws constructd rst nd covrd with snd ftrw

Page 40: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 40/83

+ Noordwijk

trengthening weak linkNoordwijk

8 L E I C E S T E R S H I R E C O U N T y ( M E LTO N V A L E ) , U k L E I C E S T E R S H I R E C O U N T y (

Dutch have centuries of experi-guarding their coasts andcting the land from the water. 

mpressive piece of engineeringuity that are the Delta Workstremendous job in protectingw lying delta country. Dunesikes protect the remainingline. The Dutch coastlineeveral weak spots that neednt improvement. At the town ofdwijk at the Dutch North Seathe dunes were deemed to bew by one metre over a length of

metres. To improve one of sev-weak links in the Dutch coastal

ce system, and in anticipationojected climate change withr sea levels and possibly moreme storms, at Noordwijk a

lled dike-in-dune defence hasbuilt.

mally, either a dike or a dunes the coastal defence. Theon of the newly built dike indwijk corresponds with theon of previously existing dunesuns parallel to the boulevard.

A wide dune or a high dike wouldboth have negative consequences onthe activities on the boulevard andrecreational activities in the area thatform the backbone of Noordwijk’seconomy. The hybrid dike-in-dunewas the perfect compromise. Thisway the view over the sea was mostlymaintained, the area kept its naturaldune landscape and Noordwijkwould again be safe – and properlyprepared for current and projectedsea level rise.The dike was constructed rst andcovered with sand afterwards creat-ing new dunes. These new duneshave been connected to the existingdunes and broadened by about 40metres towards the direction of thesea. The dunes are approximately

nine metres above ‘Normaal Am-sterdams Peil’ (NAP) – were around0 NAP correspond with average sealevel.

The dike-in-dune will effectively pro-tect Noordwijk and its assets duringa storm. If it’s an extreme storm, thewaves will rst attack and erode the

dunes. When all sand in front of thedike is eroded away by the storm,the dike at the core can withstandthe rest of the storm.

The dunes are protecting the dikeand the two protective measurescomplement each other. The dike-in-dune solution is unique, as itprovides an alternative to traditionalood prevention strategies. This isof special importance when ooddefences have to be built withlimited space available.. Projectedsea level rise is incorporated in thedike-in-dune principle.

The dike-in-dune measure hasthe additional benet that it is aseaward solution of the defence

strengthening measure. Thereforethe formal boundaries for buildingrestrictions along the boulevardwere also moved seaward. This ledto the removal of some buildingrestrictions (especially under-ground parking garages) along theboulevard.

Photo: ©Provincie Zuid-Holland

old sitution nw sitution

Page 41: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 41/83

global temperatures rise, sea levels will also go up.asts will become more vulnerable to ooding and erosion,h signicant consequences for the people, infrastructure,

sinesses and nature in these areas.

ere is a long tradition of measures to protect coasts from themense destructive power of the seas, but more will need todone in the coming years with the increasing climate changepacts.

0

Page 42: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 42/83

The Sand Mo(one kilome

with a maximand

(Photo: ©Ri

2

Page 43: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 43/83

4 N O R T H S E A C O A S T A N D I j S S E L L A k E , T H E N E T H E R L A N D S N O R T H S E A C O A S T A N D I j S S E L L A k E ,

Th Snd Motor conct is not only lid lon th Dutch s cost, but lso in t

Location North Sea Coast andIJssel lake,the Netherlands

Total budget

eee Non-nancial costs none

Non-nancial benets Envionment, social andnature

Project partners Sand Motor North Sea coast:

Dutch ministry of Infrastructureand the Environment, Province ofZuid-Holland, Ecoshape (public-private partners), NGO’s like

Deltares, Universities, amongothers of Delft and Wageningen,several municipalities,environmental organisationsSand Motor Lake IJssel:

It Fryske Gea, Building withNature, Climate Buffer Coalition,Province of Fryslan, WaterBoard Fryslan, Ministry ofInfrastructure and Environment

Public or private project Public- private partnershipPublic (National government,province, municipality; andPrivate (Boskalis, Van Oord)

Contact Sand Motor North Sea coast: RijkswaterstaatCarola van Gelder-Maas, e-mail:[email protected] Motor Lake IJssel:

Alterra Erik van Slobbee-mail: [email protected]

* Only for Lk IJssl

wo cases o the SandMotor concept: workingwith nature

mt risks

ctor

*

* * *

Page 44: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 44/83

preading sand alonghe coasts o the seand lake IJssel

6 N O R T H S E A C O A S T A N D I j S S E L L A k E , T H E N E T H E R L A N D S N O R T H S E A C O A S T A N D I j S S E L L A k E ,

Th Snd Motor ttrcts wid vrity of nimls, minly birds who tnd to rst on th ti of thSnd Motor

with eight cameras was placed in2012, to follow the development of

the Sand Motor. Close to the SandMotor restrictions for swimming maybe in place, and rescue services keepa close eye on the Sand Motor.

The Sand Motor will graduallychange shape and eventually dimi-nish, when the waves and currentshave transported the sand along thebeach, supporting the formation ofapproximately 35 hectares of newdunes and beach. As a result of sanddisposition, the coast will be widerand better able to withstand power-ful storms and waves and is able tocope better with sea level rise.Other expected benets of the SandMotor, if the experiment proves tobe successful, is the development ofadditional space for recreation andnature, as well as the natural main-tenance of the beach over a long

period of time. Additional vegetationhas already developed The Sand Mo-tor attracts a wide variety of animals,mainly birds and seals who tend torest on the tip of the Sand Motor.

The Sand Motor concept is not onlapplied along the Dutch sea coast,

but also in the freshwater laeIjssel (1100 square kilometres) inthe heart of the Netherlands. Partsof the IJssel coasts of the provinceof Friesland have unprotected oodplains, which will submerge whenthe lake level rises as a result of sealevel rise.

In 2009 the Dutch started expe-riments with the Sand Motor inFriesland, at Workummerwaard.The Sand Motor at Lake IJssel both

sea slowl but steadil gnawstle bits of the Dutch coast.

unteract coastal erosion, theeline needs to be nourished, ant that disrupts the local eco-m ever ve ears. Keeping up

sea level rise requires an extrain sand replenishments. Dutcheers came up with a less inva-nd more nature friendly way ofnishing the sand and protectingoast in a more sustainable way.and Motor uses natural proces-

o help spread sand along the, leading to more sustainableal protection. The Sand Motor

ept is as follows: a large amountnd is deposited at a strategicon on the seabed. Wind, wavesurrents transport the sea

ually northward along the coast.r Heijde on the North Sea coastl of 21 million cubic metres ofhave been deposited in 2011.

ng suction hopper dredgersght sand from the bottom of theh Sea and distributed it. TheMotor is placed like a hook

kilometre into the sea and twometres wide) with a maximum

t of six metres and includes anlake. On the highest point an

rvation mast of 40 metres high,

enhances the level of security of theood protection system and providesopportunities for natural develop-ment and recreation. The SandMotor is initiatedby a broad coalitionof regional and national actors andpart of the national programme EcoShape.It took less than a year after the ideawas conceived, to construct the Sand

Motor at the Workummerwaard testsite. In 2011, 20.000 cubic metresof sand were deposited 200 metresfrom the shoreline. A row of poleswas constructed perpendicular tothe coast. The poles reduce waveenergy and facilitate sedimentationand they are the only visible ele-ment of the Sand Motor seen fromthe coast. 

+ Lake IJssel

Photo: © Erik van Slobbe

Page 45: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 45/83

8

thr xctd bnts of th Snd Motor r th dvlomntf dditionl sc for rcrtion nd ntur, s wll s thturl mintnnc of th bch ovr lon riod of tim.d more > previous page

Page 46: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 46/83

heat

0 H E A T

Page 47: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 47/83

Location Eferding, Austria

Total budget

eee

 Non-nancial costs none

Non-nancial benets Enviroment, business, social andnature

Project partners The private landowners in the BiohofAchleitner GmbH, EBP Preisack(construction and project managementrm), Planning group AGSN, DanubeUniversity Krems

Public or private project Private

Contact EBPEduard B. Preisacke-mail: [email protected]

A green alternative toir-conditioningmt risks

ctor

2 E F E R D I N G , A U S T R I A E

Th lnts nd lntr boxs in th Biohof achlitnr buildin r situtd t diffrnt loction

Page 48: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 48/83

Bioho Achleitner:oom acclimatisation withlants

4 E F E R D I N G , A U S T R I A E

 +

Eferding

s can be found anwhere:e streets, in our homes andr. Most people nd plants

, or wh else would theound themselves with so manem? They might even say thats have a positive effect on theirbeing. This could be true notrom an emotional point of view,lso from a health perspective.s can help regulate indooreratures of buildings, whenssionally installed in suf-quantities. When the climateges and temperatures rise citiesulnerable, including as a resulthanced warming through thesland effect: because of the

density of buildings, roads andgreen patches temperatures in

tend to be higher - especiallyht-time - than in the surroun-and. Installing air-conditioningt be a solution – but not a veryinable one. On top of that:

nditioning can add to warming street as hot air is released outdoor environment. Coulds provide a (literally) greenernative to energy consuming air-tioning? This idea was tested Biohof Achleitner in Austria,ogical farm yard. The Biohofes a whole sale, a marketing

It’s not a matter of placing a fewpotted palm trees here and there.Efciently and effectively using

plants for climate control requiresmeticulous planning, knowledgeabout the plants used, a suitablebuilding architecture that allowssufcient sun light to reach theplants and an automatic irrigationsystem. The planning of the indoorplantation was done by a communityof German architects from Tübingenwho promote sustainable design, thePlanungsgruppe AGSN. Scientistsof the Danube University in Kremsstudied the effect of plants on the in-door climate of the Biohof Achleitnerbuilding for the rst two years afterthe installation of the plants. Plantscool their environment by evapora-ting moisture through their leaves.Evaporation is a process that requi-res heat. Plants take this heat fromtheir environment when evaporating.The surrounding indoor environment

cools down subsequently. Evapo-ration rates of plants are linked tolight intensities and vary throughoutthe day. The ofce plants start toevaporate water after the sun hasrisen and reach maximum evapo-ration rates around noon. Almostprecisely at sun set evaporationrates slow down and come to a stop.

department, storage and processingsections, a bio-supermarket anda bio-restaurant. The building is ashowcase for sustainable buildingdesign and is nancially supportedby the ‘House of the future’ initiativeof the Austrian Federal Ministry for

During the day plants are capable ofincreasing the indoor humidity 10-15percent, presuming that 5-10 percent

of the total indoor space is allocatedto plants. In general, humidity duringwinter does not fall below 35 percentand during summer never risesabove 60 percent. The results of thetest have shown that the plants inthe Biohof cool between 2.3 - and16.2 watt per square metre. Or to putit in more familiar terms: a reduc-tion in temperature of two degreesCelsius during the summer.The associated costs of installingthe plants are approximately 20-40euro per square metre, althoughexact costs can vary. Maintenance,such as watering and trimming, isdone by employees of the Biohof anddemands about four working hoursweekly. An interesting co-benetpointed out by Eduard Preisackfrom the construction and projectmanagement rm EBP is, that since

the plants have been installed sixyears ago, people called in sick lessfrequently than before: the humid airhas positive effects on the humanmucous membrane and may reducesusceptibility for a cold.

Transport, Innovation and Technology(BMVIT).The plants and planter boxes in theBiohof Achleitner building are situa-ted at different locations throughoutthe building, including the foyer,cafe, hallways and in all the ofces.

Photo’s: ©ebp

Page 49: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 49/83

of Achleitner in Austria is a showcase for sustainable building design andancially supported by the ‘House of the future’ initiative of the Austrianral Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT).: ©ebp)

6

Page 50: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 50/83

Location Copenhagen,Denmark

Total budget

ee

 Non-nancial costs none

Non-nancial benets Enviroment, business, social andnature

Project partners The private landowners in theBiohof Universities, Municipalities,Waste water utilities, Suppliersof green roofs, Architecturalcompanies 

Public or private project Public

Contact Municipality of Copenhagen,Department of Parks andNature - Technical andEnvironmental AdministrationDorthe Rømøe-mail: [email protected]

he green roo philosophy Copenhagenmt risks

ctor

8 C O P E N H A G E N , D E N M A R k C O P E

grn roofs not only incrs th qulity of lif in th city but cn lso hl to dt urbn rs to Illustration: ©Municipality of Copenhagen

Page 51: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 51/83

Green Roos inCopenhagen

0 0 C O P E N H A G E N , D E N M A R k C O P E N

Copenhagen +

ing out over the cit ofnhagen Dorthe Rømø, fromechnical and Environmentalnistration of the municipalitpenhagen, imagines a sea ofn around her on the rooftops oft. Green, that’s the new grey,at you will also hear from many

ns in the lively metropolis ofnhagen. Green roofs not onlyase the quality of life in the cityan also help to adapt urbans to projected climate change.nhagen is working hard on ma-his vision a reality. Green roofs

elf are no novelty, but the largeimplementation of it and sup-

on the roofs. Furthermore greenroofs are integrated into variousother guidelines such as guidelinesfor adaptation to climate change,guidelines to support Copenhagen’sstrategy for biodiversity, as well asthe guidelines for sustainability inconstructions and civil works.“Today we have a least 40 greenroofs with a total of 30-40.000 squaremeters. Since we have made greenroofs mandatory in local plans

drafted in 2010 and 2011 we expectto increase the amount of greenroofs to 200.000 square meters inthe coming years”, says Dorthe, andshe adds: “And that’s only based onlocal plans approved in 2010 and 2011,so even more will follow as morelocals plans will make green roofsmandatory.”

portive policies under Copenhagen’sGreen Roof Philosophy are.Why let city roofs lie around useless?That was one of the questionsthat motivated Dorthe to raise theinterest of many Copenhageners,including the city administration, fora more coherent green roof policy.

Or rather: a green roof philosophy.Dorthe: “Green roofs are part of anew strategy to develop our cities,respecting nature and addingfunctionality to the cities, ultimatelyadding quality of live for all citizens.Green roofs will help the city to copewith climate change as green roofsdecrease heat in the city.”

The city of Copenhagen does notdirectly give funding to create greenroofs, as other European cities do.Dorthe: “What we offer is a onetimereduction of 300 Danish Krone foreach square metre you can cut offfrom the public sewer system. Ibelieve that if we choose to createsubsidies programmes for someyears it could boost the green roofdevelopment further especially inretrotting projects.”

Among green roofs in Copenhagenyou now nd the Gyldenris Park:Nursery school with a ‘garden ofsensation’ and playground madeof nature materials on the roof, thegreen roof of the National Archiveswhich includes an integrated cycletrack and the green ‘lid’ on a base-ment garage in Sluseholmen.

It all started with a renewablebuilding demonstration project at akindergarten, showcasing a diversearray of green roof solutions. Topromote the green roofs philosophyin urban design and development,and to promote green roofs toCopenhagen residents, Green Roofs

Copenhagen organises meetings,workshops, and conferences whereinterested citizens and business ow-ners can get inspired and informed.Taking cooperation to the next level,new projects are initiated, wherestakeholders from different sectorsshare their knowledge, experienceand get inspired by each other. Theinitiative gave an immense boostto green roofs in the city planningin Denmark. In Copenhagen alone,40 green roofs were designed andbuilt over the last years, which arenow providing approximately 40.000square metres of functional green inthe city. Very importantly, green roofsare mandatory in most new localplans, for houses with a roof slopeof less than 30 degrees. Dorthe: “Wehave calculated that because wehave been mandating green roofs

in most new local plans we havemore than 200.000 m2 of green roofscoming up the next years.” In one ofnorthern Europe’s largest deve-lopment sites, the so called NorthHarbour, new houses have to be builtwith green roofs. They all contain arooftop angle of less than 30 degreesto facilitate the placement of plantsPhoto’s: ©Dorthe Rømø

Page 52: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 52/83

hy let city roofs lie around useless?: ©Dorthe Rømø)

more > previous page

02

Page 53: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 53/83

Location Kamen, Germany

Total budget

eeee

 Non-nancial costs none

Non-nancial benets Enviroment, social and nature

Project partners Citizens living along theHeerener Mühlbach, enterprisesand owners of the propertiesalongside the Heerener Mühlbach,European partners of the FutureCities project, WaterboardLippeverband, Municipality ofKamen, planning and constructioncompanies

Public or private project  Public- private partnership

Contact LippeverbandMarie-Edith Ploteau, e-mail:[email protected]

Citizens mobilised:reating a blue-greenorridor in the city

0 4 k A M E N , G E R M A N y

Th Hrnr Mühlbrook ws for lon tim n on swr systm with st, concrt bnks which wr

mt risks

ctor

Photo: ©Cordu

Page 54: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 54/83

Disconnecting stormwater runo rom the

ewer system•

Kamen +

0 6 k A M E N , G E R M A N y

do ou want us to do aboutate change? Do we even haveblem? Citiens of the cit ofen in German were not at allerned about climate change

n the cit rst came with a planapt the Heerener Mühlbachrener Mühlbroo), a tribu-of the river Lippe, to climatege.e-Edith Ploteau of the waterd Lippeverband was not sur-d: “Climate change is a globalem, but for adaptation you needolve people on a local level.

must go to the smallest scaleplain about climate change, or

mains an abstract problem.”g public information sessions

and cost-effective way, and combinedifferent urban functions.The early adaptors of Kamen thatshowed interest after the rst infor-mation sessions could expect visitsfrom technicians who discussed theirpossibilities of disconnecting stormwater from their homes and proper-ties from the mixed sewer system.Technical support and nancialincentives were available, but partsof the disconnection were paid for bythe citizens themselves: 16-21 europer square metre. More and morecitizens realised the importance of

the project and ultimately almost80 houses and properties weredisconnected from the mixed sewersystem. Marie-Edith: “When onehome owner was convinced, it waseasier to convince the neighbours aswell.”The disconnected rain waterfrom the 80 properties is being leadthrough the renatured Mühlstream.

citizens learned about the urbanheat-island effect, the chances ofincreased ooding and more severeooding under projected climatechange, for instance the overowing

of the sewer systems in the systemafter heavy rains. Especially ap-pointed experts made house visits totalk to people in their homes abouttaking matters into their own handsand adapting to climate change.The Heerener Mühlbrook runsstraight through Kamen, but for along time was an open sewer systemwith steep, concrete banks whichwere dangerous for human life.Fences prohibited approaching thebrook. The sewer system oodedfrequently – and was expected to

Besides the ecological improvementof the water body and the discon-nection of storm water from privateproperties, plants were added to thebrook to attract ora and fauna wild-life and increase biodiversity. Thisway the green-blue corridor increa-ses the quality of the environment bycreating possibilities for recreation.A bicycle path and walking path wasbuilt connected to the city walkingpaths. During summer the areaprovides a cool refuge from summerheat. And in addition all dangeroussigns and lots of fences have been

thrown out, much to the pleasure ofthe neighbourhood.The close collaboration of the waterboard and the municipality with thecitizens living next to the water bodyled to an increasing awareness ofthe citizens regarding adaptation toclimate change and what they canpersonally do to adapt.

do so more often in the future. Animportant aspect was to createseparate trajectories for waste waterand storm water (rain). To improvethe water quality of the HeerenerMühlbrook an underground sewerpipe was constructed alongside thebrook. In addition more room wascreated for the brook’s water to ow,removing the concrete bed and thecontaminated ground, creating natu-ral banks and letting the water bodymeander again.As part of the European project Fu-ture Cities citizens were mobilised tohelp disconnect storm water runofffrom the sewer system and helpadapt Kamen to future climate chan-ge. The joint ecological improvement

and the sustainable use of stormwater will have a positive impact onthe environment: higher resilience incase of heavy rainfall, better micro-climate especially in summer andstronger ecological functions of thewater body . Because future rainfalland temperature are not exactlyknown, it had to be done in a exible

Photo: ©Anke Althoff, Lippeverband

Photo: ©Cordu

Page 55: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 55/83

08

o improve the water quality of the Heerener Mühlbrook

n underground sewer pipe was constructed alongsidee brook.o: ©Marie-Edith Ploteau, Lippeverband)

more > previous page

Page 56: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 56/83

10

s r nrlly wrmrn thir surroundins,

to th so-clld htnd ffct.

ch of this ht is cusd by lr mount of concrt

d shlt in citis.

din mor rnryvits th ht nd cn city dwllins sty coolrn th climt chns.or > nxt

Page 57: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 57/83

Location 

Tatabánya, Hungary

Total budget

e

 Non-nancial costs Social costs

Non-nancial benets Social benets

Project partners 

Hungarian Academy ofSciences, Hungarian RedCross Organization, NationalPublic Health and MedicalOfcer Service, National PublicHealth Institution, NationalMeteorological Service, localpublic and private partners fromTatabanya

Public or private project  

Public

Contact Municipality of the CountyLevel city of Tatabanyawww.tatabanya.huAndrás Oláhe-mail: [email protected]

How to surviven a hot city?

12 TATA B N yA , H U N G A R y TATA

Th ht- nd UV-wrnin systm of Ttbány rdicts ucomin ht wvs nd hih solr rdition with hih-tch w

mt risks

ctor

Photo: ©Municipality of Tatabánya

Page 58: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 58/83

atabánya heat andUV-warning system

Tatabánya +

14 TA TA B N y A , H U N G A R y TAT A

Cr fr dy

it of Tatabána in Hungar, awith about 70.000 citiens, hasring heat- and UV-warning

m that forecasts extremel hother and sets in motion a heatprotocol: a series of activities

lp citiens prepare for this

waves cause health risks,cially for those most vulnera-ncluding older people, childrenregnant women, such as heates, sun burn, dehydration andproblems, which can be ma-

d if people take precautions.eat- and UV-warning systemcts upcoming heat waves andsolar radiation with high-techher prediction devices. Basedese predictions information isbuted to encourage citizens

ke measures to better protectselves against heat and harmfuldiation. A key aspect of them is that the information is

ferred rapidly and through diffe-hannels.eat and UV-warning system,

of the Local Climate Changeegy and Action Plan of Tatabá-was accepted in 2008 and hasrun continually since then.ojects heavily involve local

nisations: a total of 22 different

in the city. When a heat wave strikesTatabánya the city cooperates withthe local water company to distri-bute cold drinking water at no costat several water points. The localand regional media are alertedand information will be distributedthrough other channels as well: thecity homepage, mails and faxes to

parties such as the local ambulanceand re stations, hospitals, waterutilities and schools, were involved in

developing the heat and UV-warningsystem.So how does the alert system work?After the rst sign of an impendingheat wave the National MedicalOfcer of Hungary is informed.Instructions for citizens, institutions,health care organisations and mediaare distributed through variousmedia channels. These includeadvice on staying indoors between

all authorities, institutions, publiccompanies and employers.The heat warning system was put inoperation several times over the lastyears: three times in 2009 and 2010,twice in 2011 and also three times in2012. The UV-warning system wasactivated once every year, except in2012 when it was activated twice.During the last four years more andmore people have become ac-quainted with the alert action plan.András Oláh from the Municipalityof Tatabánya: “We hadresponsesand emails from more and moreinstitutions, people, telling us thatthey have followed the directions. Incase of a heat wave, citizens read thehomepage of the city and the mediaare updated every 30 minutes. I think

this is getting better and better.”Tatabánya wants to share their expe-rience with the heat and UV-warningsystem with other cities and regionsthroughout Hungary and motivatelocal stakeholders there to imple-ment a warning system in their ownadaptation plans.

11:00 and 15:00h, drinking plenty ofwater, what to eat or drink and whatnot. Vulnerable groups such as theelderly and the very young should notgo outside, or stay in the shade andwear sun glasses with UV-lter andwear long sleeves to protect theirskin. The instructions also includethe location of acclimatized buildings

Photo’s: ©Municipality of Tatabánya

Page 59: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 59/83

16

a heat wave strikes Tatabánya (Hungary) the city cooperates withcal water company to distribute cold drinking water at no cost atal water points.©Municipality of Tatabánya)

more > previous page

Page 60: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 60/83

ide walk gardens andreen walls in Nijmegenmt risks

ctor

Vrticl rn wll rowin on th ofc of th

18 N I j M E G E N , T H E N E T H E R L A N D S N I j M E G E N , T

Location Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Total budget

eeee

 Non-nancial costs None

Non-nancial benets Enviroment and social

Project partners Housing corporation, Citizens

Public or private project Public

Contact Municipality NijmegenVeroniek Bezemer, e-mail:[email protected]

Photo: ©Municipality of Nijmegen

Page 61: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 61/83

Green Allurennercity Nijmegen

2 0 N I j M E G E N , T H E N E T H E R L A N D S N I j M E G E N , T

+

Side walk gardens are a secondmeasure which was met with greatenthusiasm of the local people. Theidea is as simple as it is effective.A row of tiles is removed from thesidewalk and plants are planted in

the open soil. The excess tiles areused to fence off the garden. Sidewalk gardens are open to everyoneliving in Nijmegen and no permissionis needed. The only rule is that about1.2 metres of space is to left forpedestrians. Thanks to enthusiasticcitizens beautiful tiny gardens can

gives the wall an attractive, greenappearance.The last project is the conversionof a parking lot into a little park.Turning a parking lot into a park canraise some disagreement by localinhabitants. The involvement of thelocal population from the planningface onwards and their inclusion indeciding about the nal design of thepark however, led to a quick accep-tance, explains Veroniek Bezemerfrom the Nijmegen municipality.“We gave the citizens living around

the place the options of keeping theparking lot, keeping half the parkinglot and turning the other half into apark or changing it 100 percent intoa park. They chose the last option. Ofcourse there was discussion to getto this decision and more discussionabout the design of the park, but inthe end there was agreement.” Vero-

now be found in almost every streetin the inner city where otherwise onlytiles would have been.A third measure is the creation ofa vertical green wall that has beenplaced on a building the munici-

pality rents in the city centre. Oneof the walls of the building is nowcompletely covered with plants. Astructure with shelves is attached toone of the walls in which plant boxeswith a vertical grid of about twometres high are situated. This gridis completely overgrown with ivy and

niek expects that the park will helpkeep the area cooler and provide aspot with more pleasant tempera-tures in summer for people that arevisiting the city centre.The described measures in Nij-megen, although mostly intendedto make the city a more attractiveplace, can, if implemented on alarger scale, also help to adapt theinner city area to warmer average- and more extreme temperatures.This can be benecial for the livea-bility within the city centre for local

inhabitants and can make the citya more attractive place for tourists.The small scale projects, such asthe climbing wires or the sidewalkgardens stand as an example thatdespite the limited space in cities, in-novative solutions can also increase,at least a little, resilience to climatechange.

s are generall warmer thansurroundings, due to the

alled heat island effect. Muchs heat is caused b the large

unt of concrete and asphaltes. Adding more greener

iates the heat and can help citlings sta cooler when the cli-changes. In its effort to ‘green’ty the Dutch city of Nijmegen

oves living conditions for itsns, at the same time promotesty as a shopping area for Dutch

German visitors and improvesgical conditions. Planting ofand bushes not only reduceseratures, plants can also servetchments for atmosphericculate matter which leads tohier citizens.

of the measures undertaken inegen is the building of climbing for plants to be grown by thecipality in ve streets in thecity. With this simple scheme

narrow streets can be greenedrovide a little support in kee-he houses and the surrounding

cooler. The idea of greeningts by attaching climbing wirese houses was taken up with

interest by the local population. residents that saw the new in the streets inquired at thecipality if the street where theyliving in could also be tted

climbing wires. Photo’s: ©Municipality of Nijmegen

Page 62: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 62/83

lanting of trees and bushesot only reduces temperatures,

lants can also serve as catchmentsor atmospheric particulate matterhich leads to healthier citizens.to: ©Municipality of Nijmegen)

d more > previous page

22

Page 63: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 63/83

Location Stuttgart, Germany

Total budget

unknown Non-nancial costs Business

Non-nancial benets Enviroment

Project partners Ofce for Urban Planning,Department of land use planning

Public or private project Public

Contact Municipality of Stuttgart,Ofce for EnvironmentalProtection, Department ofUrban ClimatologyUlrich Reuter, e-mail:[email protected]

Ventilation Corridors –tuttgart

mt risks

ctor

2 4 S T U T T G A R T , G E R M A N y S T U T

Th on corridors llow for th inow of coolr ir from surround

Photo: ©City of Stuttgart, Of

Page 64: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 64/83

resh air in the city

2 6 S T U T T G A R T , G E R M A N y S T U T

 +

Stuttgart

ties tend to get siling hotng summer the German cit ofgart decided to tae the UrbanIsland (UHI, see text box on127) effect heads on. The cityed to improve and extend thent ventilation corridors to re-heat stress in the inner city. Be-e of the Urban Heat Island effectner city is 0.9 degrees Celsiusr than its surroundings - ant that is likely to increase in the

e. In the ventilation corridorsral wind patterns and vegetationce the average temperatureselp dilute airborne pollutantseduce smog.lation corridors are basicallys without buildings. The opendors allow for the inow of coo-r from surrounding areas to the

inner city. Especially during night,when the Urban Heat Island effect isat its peak because of heat radiationfrom concrete buildings and asphaltroads, cool air is very welcome. Theventilation corridors follow streamand meadow valleys that serve asnatural green belts: the Nesenbacht-al valley, Feuerbacher Tal valley, theLindenbachtal valley and the Rohrac-ker valley. Ulrich Reuter, from theDepartment of Urban Climatology

of the municipality of Stuttgart: “Weneed both: areas where cooler freshair is generated (in the surroundingareas) and connections to the innercity (corridors) through which thecooler air can ow.”In Stuttgart, as in any European city,space is valuable and can only beused once. Population growth and

climate change will intensify the con-ict between open (unused) spaceand economically interesting buildingprojects. Ulrich explains that thedemand for cool and fresh air has tocompete with the wish for additionalhousing and building land, but: “Theneed for cool air increases”. Thepositive health effects of the inlet ofcool, fresh air, have helped persuadestakeholders to keep the corridorsfree from buildings.

The positive effects of the ‘coolingcorridors’ have led to implementa-tion of this strategy in the local LandUse Plan. At this moment greenareas cover more than 60 percent ofthe Stuttgart’s surface area and 39percent of the total area of the cityis protected through landscape andnature conservation laws.

Photo’s: ©City of Stuttgart, Of

Page 65: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 65/83

In Stuttrt, s in euron city, scvlubl nd cn ousd onc.

poultion rowth climt chn wilth conict btwon (unusd) scconomiclly intrbuildin rojcts.Photo’s: ©City of Stuttgart, Ofce for Environmental

read more > previous page

28

Page 66: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 66/83

30

©City of Stuttgart, Ofce for Environmental Protection

Page 67: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 67/83

drought

3 2 D R O U G H T

Page 68: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 68/83

Location Montpellier, France

Total budget

ee

 Non-nancial costs Business

Non-nancial benets Enviroment

Project partners 6 units of INRA are involved:UMR SYSTEM, Montpellier; UMRAGIR, Toulouse; UMR EEF, Nancy;UMR MISTEA, Montpellier; UMRLERFOB, Nancy; UMR BIOGECO,Bordeaux

Public or private project  Public Contact Inra (French NationalInstitute for agronomicalStudies)Christian Dupraz, e-mail:[email protected]

Agroorestry:griculture o the uture?mt risks

ctor

3 4 M O N T P E L L I E R , F R A N C E M O N T

Throuhout Frnc frmrs hv strtd xrimntin with th

Page 69: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 69/83

Adaptation olurispecifc systemso climate change

3 6 M O N T P E L L I E R , F R A N C E M O N T

Montpellier +

eed new was of farming toEuropean food production

ent, mae it more sustainableble to cope with the proectedts of climate change. Will wele to keep or even increasent production rates under

er average temperatures, moreent droughts, oods and heats? To prepare for the effectsmate change it is importanthe agricultural sector takes managers to deliver a range of goods

and services. Tests have indicatedthat an agroforestry scheme withcereals and walnuts on 100 hectaresof land has a land use return of 1.4 to1.5. This means that the 100 hectaresagroforestry of trees and cropstogether, provide as much as a eldof 140 or 150 hectares would providewhen the trees and the crops wouldbe separated.

Throughout France farmers have

started experimenting with theconcept of agroforestry. In the Gerscounty (Midi-Pyrénées province)a farmer has 400 hectares of wildcherry, service tree and ashes withcereals or fodder. In the Héraultcounty (Languedoc-Roussillon pro-vince) some farmers mix walnuts orpoplars with high value seed produc-

appropriate adaptation measures.The current system, largely based

on monoculture, is more vulnerablecompared to alternatives such asplurispecic systems that cultivatea mixture of species. Plurispecicsystems can include mixtures of an-nual crops (intercropping), mixturesof trees (plurispecic orchards orforest) and mixtures of trees andcrops (agroforestry).The time for rethinking agricultu- tion for wheat, maize or sunower.

In the Picardie or Centre provinces,large cereal farms have started tointroduce trees in a treeless lands-cape, using wide distances betweentree rows to accommodate the largemachinery.

Agroforestry systems can be lessvulnerable to climate change. In anagroforestry scheme trees provideshelter to crops and reduce the risksinduced by high spring temperatu-

res. In France, about 3.000 hectaresof agroforestry systems are nowplanted each year and it is expectedthat within the next 25 years, about500.000 hectares of agroforestryschemes will have been implemen-ted.

ral practices is pressing, admitsChristian Dupraz. Christian worksfor the French National Institute forAgronomical Studies (Inra): “Thestagnation of yields of major crops inEurope over the last 15 years is welldocumented and that this stagna-tion is probably linked to a changingclimate.” With the project Adaptationof PlurIspecic systems to ClimateChange (APICC), Inra intends to helpagriculture in Europe adapt to pro- jected climate change. The projectassesses the resilience of plurispeci-c agricultural systems to effects ofclimate change, such as increasing

temperatures or droughts, water andbiotic stresses and more extremeevents.

In Montpellier an agroforestryscheme has been implemented for20 years. The scheme mimics somefeatures of natural ecosystems,yet is driven by farmers and forest

: ©Christian Dupraz)

Page 70: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 70/83

38

prepare for the effects of climate changes important that the agricultural sector taes appropriate

aptation measures. The current sstem, largel based ononoculture, is more vulnerable compared to alternatives suchplurispecic sstems that cultivate a mixture of species.©Christian Dupraz)

more > previous page

Page 71: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 71/83

Location Montpellier, France

Total budget

eee

 Non-nancial costs None

Non-nancial benets Business

Project partners 6 units of INRA are involved:Sun’R a corporate businessspecialized in photovoltaicsystems

Public or private project  Public- private partnership

Contact Inra (French National Institutefor agronomical Studies)Christian Dupraze-mail: [email protected]

Combining energyroduction and oodroduction in one placemt risks

ctor

4 0 M O N T P E L L I E R , F R A N C E M O N T

Combinin food roduction with nry roduction by solr nls in ri-voltic schms c

Page 72: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 72/83

olar panels producenergy and protect cropsrom excess heat

4 2 M O N T P E L L I E R , F R A N C E M O N T

Montpellier +

ding food for a growing worldlation is no longer the onlose of agriculture. Moderners are counted upon to delivers and provide raw materials forased fuels and bio energ. Anonal stress factor for southern

pean agriculture is dealing withasingly high temperatures, thatave a particular large impact in

ady hot) summers.rench National Institute fornomical Studies (Inra) initiatedect where they designed so

d agri-voltaic systems. Thesevoltaic systems provide shadingops for food production while atame time producing energy withovoltaic (solar) panels at the

It seems that solar panels not onlyproduce sustainable energy, but alsomay reduce heat stress in shadedcrops and save water demand bycrops because crops will evaporateless. Researchers are looking intothe agri-voltaic system’s adaptive as-pect, that seems to lie in the mecha-nism of efciently providing light andshade to crops. This can be achieved

by optimal solar panel density forimmobile panels, or time-adjustedsolar panel position for panels ontrackers. Tracking can be adjustedto protect crops against irradiationwhen needed, or conversely to pro-vide enough light when the crops arelight-decit sensitive. Preliminaryresults show that in both agrofores-

same plot. The goal was to protectcrops from excess heat, maximizeagricultural land use return andmitigate climate change.Christian Dupraz, from Inra, explainsthat combining food production withenergy production by solar panels inagri-voltaic schemes can increasecrop returns. The panels provideshading, which seems particularly

benecial for summer crops in caseof excessive heats or droughts.Preliminary results on salad, peaand wheat crops indicate that wintercrops may not benet from the newenvironment, while summer cropsmay take advantage of the protectionagainst excess heat or evaporativedemand. Christian Dupraz rea-

try and agrovoltaic systems, protec-ted crops perform better than fullsun crops under projected climatechange. This may be explained byreduced heat stress during oweringin spring, by a longer life of leaves,and by reduced nitrogen and waterstresses in the shade.Agri-voltaic systems combine energyproduction with food production,

and at the same time increase theresilience of agriculture to cli-mate change. The scheme can beparticularly interesting for countrieswhere suitable land for agricultureis scarce. In 2013 a two hectareslarge test site will be build. Thereare plans to test this scheme also atother sites in southern France.

sons that solar panels may provideshading as effective as trees and atthe same time produce energy. InMontpellier a 2.000 square metreagri-voltaic test eld has been build.The measurement and modellingof the land use return for this solarpanel eld supports the idea ofhigher land use returns: a land usereturn of 1.6 has been calculated.

This means that a 100 hectare eld,with a combination of crops andsolar panels, is as productive as a160 hectare eld where crops andsolar panels are managed separatelyon distinct tracks of land. The greatsuccess of the agri-voltaic schemewas unexpected and surprised thewhole team.

: ©Christian Dupraz)

Page 73: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 73/83

44

voltic systms rovid shdinos for food roduction whil sm tim roducin nry

hotovoltic (solr) nls t thlot.

©Christian Dupraz)

Page 74: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 74/83

Location Northern provinces in Spain

Total budget

eeee

 Non-nancial costs Environment

Non-nancial benets Sustainability, enviroment,business, social and nature

Project partners Fundación General de la

Universidad de Valladolid (E),AquaPro BV (NL), Sylma BVBA(BE), Universidad de Valladolid(E), Diputación Valladolid (E),Diputación Léon (E), City councilof San Mateo de Gállego,Zaragoza (E), City Councilof Riofrio de Aliste, Zamora(E), Transfer Latin BusinessConsultancy (E)

Public or private project  Public- private partnership

Contact The Green Deserts (LIFE+project)www.thegreendeserts.comSven Kallen, e-mail:[email protected]

Green desertsn Spainmt risks

ctor

4 6 N O R T H E R N P R O V I N C E S O F S P A I N N O R T H E R N P R O

plntin nw nd rorit trs in dry rs of th Ibrin ninsul c

•••

Photo:

Page 75: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 75/83

Planting more treesn dry areas

4 8 N O R T H E R N P R O V I N C E S O F S P A I N N O R T H E R N P R O

••

+ Léon

Valladolid +

+ Barcelona

Zamora +

Zaragoza +

ntion of th Wtrboxxdrn

plntin with childrn in Vildcns,usin th Wtrboxx

the course of the last centur,hern Europe has witnessed de-ses in annual precipitation andg temperatures. In some partsuthern Europe, the decrease inal precipitation is a staggeringrcent. This maes southernpe and in particular the Iberiannsula, vulnerable to proectedate change. Considerable riseserage and extreme temperatu-re expected, notably during themer. Planting new and appropri-

water. They managed to get the lids

off and drink the water inside. Theyalso destroyed quite a few of theyoung saplings.Often, the young trees are planted bychildren from local schools. This cre-ates awareness and interest in thecommunity. Trees grown with helpof the Waterboxx will, once matured,help prevent erosion and possibly

ate trees in dry areas of the Iberianpeninsula can prevent deserticationand can help to increase the resili-ence of the area to the projections ofclimate change. However until nowreforestation projects have only beenpartly successful because of thecontinuous need for water, extremelylow survival rates of trees and highoverall costs.

The Green Deserts project in Spainfound a way to overcome theseproblems and aims at converting 63hectares of bare and dry land into fo-rest by planting around 55.000 treesin the ve Spanish regions Valladolid,León, Zamora, Zaragoza and Bar-celona, with the use of an innovativeinvention called the Waterboxx. Sven

Kallen from Transfer Latin BusinessConsultancy explains how this works.In the Waterboxx, rain and conden-sation is collected and a daily doseof water is directed to the saplings.By a smart system a single rainfallevent can be used to distribute waterto saplings over the course of a year(see text box for more information).

ooding during strong rain events or

increase the water-retention capa-city of the land during dry periods.The realisation of the Green Desertsproject open opportunities for morereforestation projects in Spain andcreate green jobs in small industriesincluding maintenance, fruit pickingand processing that are benecial forlocal employment.

Currently, two thirds of the treeshave been planted and the remainingtrees will be planted in the remain-der of 2012. In total 22.000 Water-boxxes will be used in which differentcombinations of trees and busheswill be planted (2 per Waterboxx).The test sites in the ve regions havevarying climatic conditions, altitudes,land uses, and soil compositions.Already they are affected by thechanging climate and desertication,and no trees, plants or crops canbe grown without articial irriga-tion, if at all. This makes the GreenDesert project special, as it aims atreforesting the areas without usingarticial irrigation, a strategy that noone has attempted before, says Sven.The preliminary results of the tests

are very positive and stakeholdersreact enthusiastically. Until now, ap-proximately 90 percent of the youngsaplings have survived. In Zaragoza(Los Monegros desert) survival ratesare higher, while in Catalonia it islower based on the presence of wildboar. During droughts he boar tippedover the Waterboxxes in search of

Photo’s: ©Life+ The Green Deserts team

Page 76: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 76/83

50

uthrn euro nd in rticulr th Ibrin ninsul, is on of most ffctd rions of currnt nd futur climt chn.mt modls suort this outlook, s considrbl riss inr nd xtrm tmrturs r xctd, notbly durin summr.

Page 77: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 77/83

Location Tamera, Portugal

Total budget

eeee

 Non-nancial costs None

Non-nancial benets Enviroment, business,social and nature

Project partners Sepp Holzer (Krametrehof,permaculture consultant)

Public or private project Public- private partnership

Contact Tamera Peace Research Centrewww.tamera.orgLeila Dregger, e-mail:[email protected]

A vision o ahousand lakesmt risks

ctor

5 2 TA M E R A , P O R T U G A L TA

Rtntionlks r crtd by buildin rth dms, bhind

Page 78: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 78/83

amera Water Retentionandscape

5 4 TA M E R A , P O R T U G A L TA

•Tamera

the lakes to the groundwater.Meandering shorelines ensure thatthe water is in constant movement,allowing for oxygenation and self-purication. Fish are now inhabitingthe lakes and terraces are builtaround them to allow the organic

cultivation of fruit trees, vegetablesand other crops. Mixed aquaculturecan be established in the lakes.With enthusiasm Leila Dregger, fromthe Tamera Peace Research Centre,tells that local Park Rangers haveanimal tracks in the surroundingareas leading to the lakes in Tamera.The preliminary results are pro-

mising. Natural vegetation hasrecovered, around 10.000 trees havebeen planted, and much of thenatural wildlife has returned. Around100 species of birds now ock theshorelines of the ve lakes and everynow and then an otter strolls through

the area. At the height of the 2011summer drought farmers from thesurrounding area arrived with watertanks at the Tamera lakes to receivewater for their animals. The nalvision is to have 1.000 lakes in thearea to provide water for everyone –plants, animals and humans.

Photo: ©Tamera Archive

water ccle in Portugal is affec- deforestation, overgraing,riorated topsoil laers and ahistor of unsuitable agri-ral production in the area. Ingtime Portugal heav rainfalls

e water dames and ooding.

le top laers are washed awahe land is further eroded.es summer drought and forestbring harm to the land.

ough Portugal has a similarge rainfall as that of Central

pe the soil is unable to hold ontrients and water. Projected

climate change is expected to ag-gravate the drought already presentin Portugal.The province of Alentejo in thesouth of Portugal is one of the areasthat face serious deserticationproblems. It is also the home of

Tamera, an international trainingand experimental site founded bythree Germans in the mid-90s. Thesite hosts a community of about200 people who live, work and studythere adhering to the philosophy‘think globally, act locally’. Tameraalso works on solutions for the dis-turbed water balance in the region by

creating water retention landscapes.These landscapes contain lakes thatwill provide a solution for deserti-cation, water scarcity, ooding andrural de-population.

Retention lakes are created by

building earth dams, behind whichrainwater is stored. A total of 6 lakeshas been built since 2007, and 10more retention areas are planned.The lake grounds are not sealed, sothe water can seep into and soak thesurrounding earth-body. In addition,the lakes were built with deep andshallow zones, thereby connecting

Page 79: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 79/83

56

Mndrinin th south onsur tht tin constnt m

llowin for ond slf-

Fish r nowth lks nr built r

to llow tcultivtion of vtbls

rea

Page 80: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 80/83

limate change is a global issue.

At the same time adaptationsolutions are ound locally.

We must rebrand adaptation asomething positive that can help

create a better environment.

58

Page 81: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 81/83

What lessons can we drawrom the 22 inspiringdaptation case studies ?

ow can these be translated

o your specifc countryr adaptation challenge?

6 0 L E S S O N S

onomic harsh times, adaptingure climate change is not al-high on the agenda. Inspiring

le and showing multiple bene-rom measures can get unlielcts off the ground, such as then Roof Philosoph in Copenha-where man people installed

n roofs without additionalng. The Communit Woodlandmerset, United kingdom, isher prime example wherele helped to rebuild thelands to reduce ood riss.ter Festival held to supportnitative attracted more than0 people and raised more local

awareness of the need to adapt toclimate change. Although the casestudies described in this boo arever diverse, when compared theield some interesting lessons forall polic maers, professionalsand scientists woring on adapta-tion to climate change.

Right here, right nowAdaptation has to be tailored tolocal challenges and needsThere is no one size ts all approachwhen it comes to adaptation toclimate change; no easy roadmapor list of instructions you can followto automatically yield good results.

Each situation is different; be it aschool that needs to become moresustainable and deal with excesswater or the coastline of an entirecountry that needs to be protectedfrom sea level rise. Adaptationis very context specic and newinsights and research in the future

may very well change what we per-ceive as ‘good’ adaptation.

A different angleInnovation doesn’t alwas have tobe ‘new’To create an innovative adaptationmeasure, you do not always have toinvent something new. New innova-

tions such as the Sand Motor andthe Waterboxx are interesting andpromising, but sometimes reinvent-ing old practices can bring aboutinnovation too. It can be refreshingto look at traditional practices andapply them to a new situation, suchas green roofs, drainage tunnels andwetlands. It is the context in whichthey are applied what makes theminnovative. Furthermore, what isstandard practice in one place, suchas the rain gardens in the UnitedStates, is innovative in another.

Mae it real Mae climate change local andurgentClimate change is a global issue. Atthe same time adaptation solu-tions are found locally. Adapting

to climate change must be donein cities, municipalities, by lo-cal governments, companies andcitizens. Climate change howeverremains an abstract concept. Whencitizens experience local disasterssuch as ooding (such as citizens inArnsberg, Germany and Kruibeke,Belgium), heat waves (such as inFrance and England in 2003), and re-alise that these events can becomemore frequent in the future, climatechange is no longer an abstractconcept, but very real, and very here.That knowledge empowers citizensto take – and ask for, in the case ofthe Arnsberg oodings – adaptivemeasures.

Power to the people Involve local staeholdersAlmost all successful adaptation

measures in this book have beenimplemented with the support oflocal stakeholders: policy makers,business owners and citizens. Ittakes time and energy to involvethese groups from the very begin-ning, but that pays dividends later:many land owners next to the rena-tured waterway in Arnsberg, will-

ingly give up part of their propertiesto prevent ooding of the waterwayin the future, while those in Kamen,paid for part of the measures them-selves. This wasn’t possible withoutintense involvement of these groups,including meetings and house-to-house visits explaining the existinglocal effects and those projected asa result of climate change, accom-panied by information about whatthese citizens could do to adapt tothese effects. Involving stakeholderspromotes a more sustainable ap-proach, because citizens themselvestake on responsibility.

Good for ou, good for me Create mutual benetsIt is clear from the 22 case studies inthis book that adaptation measures

are rarely implemented solely forthe purpose of adapting to climatechange. Most measures have ad-ditional benets, such as educatingstudents in case of the sustainablybuilt school in the United Kingdom,combining coastal protection withrecreational development such aswith the dike-in-dune in Noordwijk,the Netherlands, or creating a moreattractive and climate resilienturban environment such as inNijmegen in the Netherlands. Thisway benets accrue and costs arelower than they would have been ifadaptation measures had been car-ried out in isolation.

Inspire! Inspirational, bold, daring and in-novative measures go a long waThe ‘Al Gore’ approach which

instates fear of a changing climateinto people’s hearts no longerseems to work. On the contrary:knowing that a big threat is loom-ing, but not knowing what you cando about it, leads more frequentlyto inaction, rather than to action.Notwithstanding the fact that initia-tives like the movie ‘An Inconvenient

Truth’ did a tremclimate change agenda, we havepeople to take ashow them optioclose to home aportant to inspirhow their own acto the larger goaclimate change.to reducing vulnchange can somsuch as a sidewtimes have a musuch as replantilarge parts of Endry, erosion-pro

Learn b doiHow can we impMany of the cas

active learning oCitizens learn aband how they camakers learn togoals with adaptchange and makand sustainableexible enough future. Scientistwith public and case studies in ttored by researcties to see how mcontribute to redto climate changan important asto climate changprerequisite to sand to nd waysare doing.

Use this book an

case studies to yLearn from themtion projects or istrategies and pclimate change.

Page 82: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 82/83

6 2 C O L O P H O N

f u r t h e r r e a d i n g

The European Climate Adaptation Platform

(CLIMATE-ADAPT)

climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu

Andrea Prutsch, Torsten Grothmann, Inke Schauser,

Sonja Otto and Sabine McCallum, 2010.

Guiding principles for adaptation to climate change in

Europe. ETC/ACC Technical Paper 2010/6

acm.eionet.europa.eu

UKCIP, 2007. Identifying adaptation options

www.ucip.org.u

EEA, 2012. Urban adaptation to climate change in Europe

- Challenges and opportunities for cities together with

supportive national and European policies.

EEA Report No 2/2012

www.eea.europa.eu

ICLEI, 2010. Changing Climate, Changing Communities:

Guide and Workbook for Municipal Climate Adaptation

www.iclei.org

Klimalotse, 2010. The Climate Navigator

www.limalotse.anpassung.net

Transition Network

www.transitionnetwor.org

Page 83: CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

7/28/2019 CIRCLE-2 Adaptation Inspiration Book

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circle-2-adaptation-inspiration-book 83/83