Ciprian Briciu-Burghina

Alan Barret

Fiona Regan

2

What is biofouling

Biofouling impact on deployed systems and sensors

Associated problems with biofouling

Antifouling strategies

Silica based sol-gel coatings

Why sol-gel coatings?

Self cleaning sol-gel material for solar panels

Doping antimicrobial nanoparticles into sol gels

Deployment screening method

Sensor antifouling assessment on Smart Bay’s facilities

3

Microfouling

o Biofilm formation

o Bacterial adhesion

Macrofouling

o Attachment of layer

of organisms

Examples:

Barnacles

Anthropods

Mussels

Seaweeds

Bryozoans

4

5

6

7

8

o Increase cost of maintenance

o Increase cost in ownership

o Data loss

9R.J. Wagner, Guidelines and standard procedures for continuous water-quality monitors: station operation, record

computation, and data reporting, US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey, 2006.

1• Collect data before

cleaning

2

• Clean sensor

• Collect data after cleaning

3

• Calibrate sensor

• Collect data after calibration

10

Drift correction applied to salinity data between 25 March (last maintenance

date) and 06 April 2011.

Vc=V+(Vf-Vs)[(Tf-T)/Tf]

Vc is the drift corrected value,

V is the original measured value,

Vf is the response of the sensor

immediately before cleaning and

validation at the end of the correction

interval;

Vs is the response of the sensor after

cleaning and calibration;

Tf is the total time interval for which

the correction is applied

T is the time between the end of

deployment and the measured value

C. Briciu-Burghina, T. Sullivan, J. Chapman, F. Regan, Environ. Monit. Assess., 186 (2014) 5561-5580.

Assuming the sensor drift proceeds linearly:

R.J. Wagner, Guidelines and standard procedures for continuous water-quality monitors: station operation, record

computation, and data reporting, US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey, 2006.

11

12

13

14

15

Easy/ friendly chemistry

Endless possibilities for tuning the sol-gel to suit the

application (precursor choice, ph, ageing time,

application method, solvent…)

Long shelf-life stability (days/years)

Easy to apply to surfaces (spin/dip/spray coating)

Dense thin films or soft/porous/self-polishing coatings

Can produce

o robust, transparent and ultrahydrophobic coatings

(optical windows in sensors)

o robust,superhydrophobic and anticorrosive coatings

16

Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) Trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS)

Ethyltriethoxysilane (ETEOS)

17

18A. Power, A. Barrett, J. Abubakar, L. Suarez, L. Ryan, D. Wencel, T. Sullivan, F. Regan, Advanced Engineering Materials (2015)

19

20

21

Element Weight% Atomic%

O K 6.30 21.07

Cu K 93.70 78.93

Element Weight% Atomic%

O K 5.81 28.51

Ag L 92.87 67.57

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

35

0

36

5

37

9

39

3

40

8

42

2

43

6

45

0

46

4

47

8

49

2

50

5

51

9

53

3

54

6

56

0

57

3

58

7

60

0

61

3

62

6

63

9

65

2

66

5

67

8

69

1

70

4

71

6

72

9

74

1

75

4

76

6

77

8

79

0

Pe

rce

nta

ge

tra

ns

mis

sio

n

Wavelength in nm

Copper and Silver doped Sol transmission spectra

Copper doped sol

Silver particle sol

22

1 WEEK 2 WEEKS 3 WEEKS

23

Biochemical assays

Lowery method adhered protein quantitation

Colorimetric method for carbohydrate determination

Toluidine blue glycoprotein quantitation

24

-0.150

0.050

0.250

0.450

0.650

0.850

1.050

1.250

1.450

1.650

EG HUDT DDT Sol-gel Coppersol

silver sol Glass

Ab

sorb

ance

un

its

Material

Toluidine

Carbohydrate

Protein

25

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

EG HUDT DDT Sol-gel Coppersol

silversol

Glass

Ab

sorb

ance

un

its

Materials

Carbohydrate

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

EG HUDT DDT Sol-gel Coppersol

silver sol GlassA

bso

rban

ce u

nit

s

Materials

Toluidine

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

EG HUDT DDT Sol-gel Coppersol

silver sol Glass

Ab

sorb

ance

un

its

Materials

protein

26

Doping antimicrobial MNPs in sol-gels coatings (strong

& soft) as a dual strategy (low surface energy +

biocidal activity)

Testing

Testing

Testing

Testing

Testing

27

Irish research Council

Smart Bay

Prof. Fiona Regan

Dr. Aoife Power

Dr Tim Sullivan

Dr James Chapman

Mr Brendan Heery

Mr Jaime Moreno

Mr. Declan Mcglade