CIM PPT

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Computer-IntegratedComputer-Integrated

Manufacturing Manufacturing

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CIMCIM

Computer IntegratedComputer Integrated

ManufacturingManufacturing

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Computer-Integrated Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Manufacturing •

Computer-Aided Design andComputer-Aided Design and

Manufacturing Manufacturing • Numerically Controlled MachinesNumerically Controlled Machines• Industrial RobotsIndustrial Robots• Automated Materials Handling Automated Materials Handling • Flexible Manufacturing ystemsFlexible Manufacturing ystems

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Definition ofDefinition of CIM CIM by the Computer and Automationby the Computer and Automation

Systems Association of the Society ofSystems Association of the Society of

manufacturing Engineers (CASA/SME):manufacturing Engineers (CASA/SME):

““CIM is the integration of theCIM is the integration of the

total manufacturing enterprisetotal manufacturing enterprise

through the use of integratedthrough the use of integrated systems and data systems and data

communications coupled withcommunications coupled with

new managerial philosophiesnew managerial philosophiesthat improve organizational andthat improve organizational and

personnel efficiency.” personnel efficiency.”

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CIMCIM

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CIM is the integration of all enterpriseCIM is the integration of all enterprise

operations and activities around a commonoperations and activities around a common

corporate data repository.corporate data repository.

It is the use of integrated systems andIt is the use of integrated systems and

data communications coupled with newdata communications coupled with new

managerial philosophies.managerial philosophies.

What is CIM?

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CIM is not a product that can beCIM is not a product that can be

purchased and installed.purchased and installed.

It is a way of thinking and solvingIt is a way of thinking and solving

problems.problems.

What is CIM?

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P!A"!IA# $E"E%I!S %P!A"!IA# $E"E%I!S % CIM CIM

Improved customer serviceImproved customer service Improved qualityImproved quality Shorter time to market with new productsShorter time to market with new products Shorter flow timeShorter flow time Shorter vendor lead timeShorter vendor lead time Reduced inventory levelsReduced inventory levels Improved schedule performanceImproved schedule performance Greater fleibility and responsivenessGreater fleibility and responsiveness Improved competitivenessImproved competitiveness !ower total cost!ower total cost Shorter customer lead timeShorter customer lead time Increase in manufacturing productivityIncrease in manufacturing productivity "ecrease in work#in process inventory"ecrease in work#in process inventory

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$he computer has had a substantial$he computer has had a substantial

impact on almost all activities of a factory.impact on almost all activities of a factory.

%ften& the introduction of the computer%ften& the introduction of the computerchanged the organi'ational structure of achanged the organi'ational structure of a

department and made necessary adoptiondepartment and made necessary adoption

of new management structures.of new management structures.

The Role of Computer in

Manufacturing

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$he operation of a CIM system gives$he operation of a CIM system givesthe user substantial benefits(the user substantial benefits(

) Reduction of design costs by *+#,-/Reduction of design costs by *+#,-/) Reduction of the in#shop time of a part byReduction of the in#shop time of a part by

,-#0-/,-#0-/) Increase of productivity by 1-#2-/Increase of productivity by 1-#2-/) 3etter product quality& reduction of scrap3etter product quality& reduction of scrap

4-#+-.4-#+-.

The Role of Computer in

Manufacturing

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AGILE MANUFACTURINGAGILE MANUFACTURING

Globali'ation of markets has putGlobali'ation of markets has puttremendous pressure ontremendous pressure onmanufacturing enterprises to bemanufacturing enterprises to be

competitive.competitive.

$o cope with competitive pressures&$o cope with competitive pressures&

a new paradigm in manufacturinga new paradigm in manufacturingknown asknown as AGILE MANUFACTURINGAGILE MANUFACTURING isisemerging.emerging.

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$he ob5ective of$he ob5ective of agileagile

manufacturingmanufacturing is to enableis to enable

manufacturing enterprises to bemanufacturing enterprises to be

competitive by dynamicallycompetitive by dynamically

reconfiguring software& equipmentreconfiguring software& equipment

and organi'ation structures.and organi'ation structures.

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6gility is the ability to grow and6gility is the ability to grow and

succeed in an environment ofsucceed in an environment of

constant and unpredictable changes.constant and unpredictable changes.

In recent years& the manufacturingIn recent years& the manufacturing

paradigm has been changing fromparadigm has been changing from

mass production to agilemass production to agile

manufacturing.manufacturing.

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$he reasons of this trend change are($he reasons of this trend change are(

) $he strength of global competition is$he strength of global competition is

increasing/increasing/

) Mass markets are fragmenting to nicheMass markets are fragmenting to nichemarkets/markets/

) Customers epect low volume& highCustomers epect low volume& high

quality/quality/) Short product life#cycles& developmentShort product life#cycles& development

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C&A'AC!E'IS!ICS % AI#EC&A'AC!E'IS!ICS % AI#E

MA"%AC!'I":MA"%AC!'I":

Greater product customi'ationGreater product customi'ation

Rapid introduction of new or modifiedRapid introduction of new or modified

productproduct

6dvanced interenterpise networking6dvanced interenterpise networkingtechnologytechnology

7pgradable products7pgradable products

Increased emphasis on knowledgeable&Increased emphasis on knowledgeable&highly trained workershighly trained workers

Interactive customer relationshipInteractive customer relationship

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C&A'AC!E'IS!ICS % AI#EC&A'AC!E'IS!ICS % AI#E

MA"%AC!'I":MA"%AC!'I":

"ynamic reconfiguration of production"ynamic reconfiguration of productionprocessesprocesses

Greater use of fleible productionGreater use of fleible productiontechnologiestechnologies

Rapid prototypingRapid prototyping 6n open systems information environment6n open systems information environment Innovative and fleible managementInnovative and fleible management

structuresstructures 8roduct pricing based on value to the8roduct pricing based on value to the

customercustomer Commitment to the beniCommitment to the beninng operations andg operations and

product designsproduct designs

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6 communication network is the backbone of6 communication network is the backbone of

an enterprise integration. 9etworks help to unifyan enterprise integration. 9etworks help to unify

a company by linking together all thea company by linking together all the

computeri'ed devices irrespective of theircomputeri'ed devices irrespective of their

physical location.physical location.

$hrough networks the whole enterprise can be$hrough networks the whole enterprise can be

integrated& including suppliers and customers.integrated& including suppliers and customers.

Communication Networks

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:or eample& sales and marketing can send:or eample& sales and marketing can sendcustomer requirements for new products tocustomer requirements for new products todesign engineering.design engineering.

6 C6" generated bill of materials can then be6 C6" generated bill of materials can then betransferred to ;material requirementstransferred to ;material requirementsplanning<MR8=> systems.planning<MR8=> systems.

8roduct design information can be transmitted8roduct design information can be transmitted

to manufacturing for use in process planning.to manufacturing for use in process planning.

Communication Networks

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There 2 main types ofThere 2 main types of

communication netor!s"communication netor!s"

#$ Telecommunication Netor!s%#$ Telecommunication Netor!s%

2$ Computer communication Netor!s&2$ Computer communication Netor!s&

Types of Communication

Networks

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$elecommunication network is mainly used$elecommunication network is mainly usedfor voice communication.for voice communication.

Computer communication network is aComputer communication network is asystem of interconnected computers andsystem of interconnected computers andother devices capable echangingother devices capable echanging

information.information.


Networks

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Highlights in the History ofHighlights in the History of

TelecommunicationsTelecommunications*?11*?11 Morse sends the first public telegraphMorse sends the first public telegraph

messagemessage

*?20*?20 $elephone patent issued to 6leander$elephone patent issued to 6leanderGraham 3ellGraham 3ell

*?22*?22 :irst telephone in private home:irst telephone in private home*??**??* :irst long#distance line& from 3oston& M6& to:irst long#distance line& from 3oston& M6& to

8rovidence&RI8rovidence&RI

*?@-*?@- 7ndersea telephone cable& Angland to :rance7ndersea telephone cable& Angland to :rance

*@*+*@*+ :irst transcontinental telephones call in 7.S.:irst transcontinental telephones call in 7.S.

*@4@*@4@ Coaial cable invented/ Berbert BooverCoaial cable invented/ Berbert Booverbecomes the first 8resident with a phonebecomes the first 8resident with a phone ononhis desk.his desk.

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*@12*@12 $ransistor invented$ransistor invented

*@+**@+* "irect long#distance dialing"irect long#distance dialing*@0-*@0- :irst test of electronic switch:irst test of electronic switch

*@0,*@0, $ouch#tone service introduced$ouch#tone service introduced

*@2-*@2- !aser invented!aser invented

*@20*@20

:irst digital electronic switch installed:irst digital electronic switch installed

*@?-*@?- "ivestiture of 6$$ <Ma 3ell and the baby"ivestiture of 6$$ <Ma 3ell and the babybells=bells=

*@??*@?? :irst transatlantic optical fiber cable:irst transatlantic optical fiber cable

*@?@*@?@ :irst fiber#optic cable to the home field trial&:irst fiber#optic cable to the home field trial&

Cerritos& C6Cerritos& C6*@@-*@@- "emonstration of 4---#km links using optical"emonstration of 4---#km links using optical

amplifiers without repeaters.amplifiers without repeaters.

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9etwork 6rchitectures 8rotocols

6 communication network consists of a numbercomponents such as hardware& software andmedia.

6 network architecture describes the components&the functions performed& and the interfacesbetween the components of a network.

It encompasses hardware& software& standards&It encompasses hardware& software& standards&data link controls& topologies and protocols.data link controls& topologies and protocols.


Networks

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It defines the functions of& and interactions

between& three types of components.

9etwork hardware components9etwork hardware components

Communication software modulesCommunication software modules

6pplication programs that use the networks6pplication programs that use the networks


Networks

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'R(T(C(L"

8rotocols in network architecture define the set ofrules of information echange between twodevices<peers=.

8rotocols specify the message format and therules for interpreting and reacting to messages.


Networks

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Computer 9etwork Reference Model

$he %SI <%pen Systems Interconnection=$he %SI <%pen Systems Interconnection=

Reference Model is an architecture thatReference Model is an architecture that

enables different vendorsD systems& suchenables different vendorsD systems& suchas "AC9A$& S96& $C8EI8 and SI9AC& toas "AC9A$& S96& $C8EI8 and SI9AC& to

communicate by using a common set ofcommunicate by using a common set of

protocols.protocols.


Networks

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$he reference model is based on($he reference model is based on(

) $he communication functions are divided into$he communication functions are divided into

layers/layers/

)

$he services to be provided by each layer are$he services to be provided by each layer arespecified/specified/

) !ayer 9F*& above layer 9& uses the services of!ayer 9F*& above layer 9& uses the services of

the latter to implement its functions/the latter to implement its functions/

)

Communication between the layer 9 and theCommunication between the layer 9 and theparticipating terminals is specified by the IS%participating terminals is specified by the IS%

protocols.protocols.


Networks

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Networks

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TYE! "F C"MUTER NET#"R$!TYE! "F C"MUTER NET#"R$!

Local Area NetworsLocal Area Networs !LANs"!LANs"

7sed to interconnect computers7sed to interconnect computerswithin the same building orwithin the same building or

organisation.organisation.

6 !69 typically operates at speeds6 !69 typically operates at speeds

ranging from *- Mbps to *-- Mbps&ranging from *- Mbps to *-- Mbps&connecting several hundred devicesconnecting several hundred devicesover a distance of up to + to *- kmover a distance of up to + to *- km

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Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) - MANsMetropolitan Area Networks (MANs) - MANs are *argeare *arge

LANsLANs that co+er a *arge city or suburb, sed tothat co+er a *arge city or suburb, sed to

interconnectinterconnect LANsLANs -ithin a metropo*itan area, A typica*-ithin a metropo*itan area, A typica*

MA" operates at a speed of .0 to .01 MbpsMA" operates at a speed of .0 to .01 Mbps

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#ide Area Networs !#ANs"#ide Area Networs !#ANs"

7se common carrier facilities over7se common carrier facilities overlong distances and are used tolong distances and are used toconnect sites and facilities over theconnect sites and facilities over thecountries.countries.

7sually the speed between the cities7sually the speed between the citiescan vary from *.+ Mbps to 4.1 Gbps.can vary from *.+ Mbps to 4.1 Gbps.In a 69& the cost of transmission isIn a 69& the cost of transmission is

very high& and the network is usuallyvery high& and the network is usuallyowned and operated by a publicowned and operated by a publicnetworknetwork

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$lo%al Area Networs !$AN"$lo%al Area Networs !$AN"

ththeessee are networks connectionsare networks connections

between countries around the globe.between countries around the globe.

6 G69Ds speed ranges from6 G69Ds speed ranges from

*.+Mbps to *--Gbps and its reach is*.+Mbps to *--Gbps and its reach is

several thousands of kilometres.several thousands of kilometres.

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C"MMUNICATI"N HIERARCHYC"MMUNICATI"N HIERARCHY

enterprise level enterprise level

Globally link various plantsEsites andGlobally link various plantsEsites andinterconnect corporations through electronicinterconnect corporations through electronicdata interchangedata interchange

plant level plant level

Connect departments inside plantConnect departments inside plant

cell level cell level

Connect cells inside departmentsConnect cells inside departments

e&uipment'device level e&uipment'device level

connect individual devices such as computers&connect individual devices such as computers&robots and 9C machinesrobots and 9C machines

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MANUFACTURINGMANUFACTURING

8arallel with increasing needs for faster8arallel with increasing needs for fastercommunications the needs of large data storagecommunications the needs of large data storagecapacity and fast computers is increasing also.capacity and fast computers is increasing also.

9ow typical manufacturing environment& called9ow typical manufacturing environment& called

also as C6"EC6MEC6A environment is composedalso as C6"EC6MEC6A environment is composedofof fastfast computers& centrali'ed data storage units&computers& centrali'ed data storage units&C9C controlled machine centers& robots etc.& allC9C controlled machine centers& robots etc.& allconnected on the same network.connected on the same network.

%n this networks either $C8EI8 or specially%n this networks either $C8EI8 or speciallydesigned manufacturing protocols like& M68 ordesigned manufacturing protocols like& M68 or$%8& are used.$%8& are used.

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MA( MA(

6n initiative by General Motors of $he6n initiative by General Motors of $he7nited States has resulted in the selection7nited States has resulted in the selectionof a set of protocols& all based on IS%of a set of protocols& all based on IS%

standards& to achieve open systemstandards& to achieve open systeminterconnection within an automatedinterconnection within an automatedmanufacturing plant.manufacturing plant.

$he resulting protocols are knows as$he resulting protocols are knows asmanufacturing automation protocolsmanufacturing automation protocols (MAPs)(MAPs)..

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)*( )*(

In a similar way& an initiative by theIn a similar way& an initiative by the

3oeing Corporation <7S6= has resulted in3oeing Corporation <7S6= has resulted inthe selection of a set of IS% standards tothe selection of a set of IS% standards toachieve open system interconnection in aachieve open system interconnection in atechnical and office environment.technical and office environment.

$he selected protocols are known as$he selected protocols are known astechnical and office protocols (TOPs)technical and office protocols (TOPs)..

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Flexible ManufacturingFlexible Manufacturing

ystemsystems

"ut In

Tool

changer

Tool

changer

In%e&ing

ta'les

Loa%(unloa% stations

Tem)orary storage areas

*++ )allet s)aces,

A G - .

AG- /

CNC +

A!(R!

C o m ) u t e r

c o n t r o l

L(U L(URa0 material storage

*roller con1eyor, R a 0

m a

t e r i a l s t o r a g e

* f l o

o r s ) a c e ,

Tool

changer

CNC . CNC /

"ut In "ut In

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IndustrialIndustrial

RobotsRobots!houl%er

s0i1el

itch

El'o0

e&tension

Ya0

RollArm s0ee)

Documents

CIM PPT