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development through partnershipcidb
Sustainable Buildings:Media, Public Perceptions and the CIB
Rodney Milfordcidb, South Africa
CIB; President 2004/07
development through partnershipcidb
SB04/05
development through partnershipcidb
Towards Progress
Advocacy
BusinessCase
Legislation
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National Strategies
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An ‘Epidemic’ of Strategies
• strategies not country-led• competition, ‘policy inflation’ and ‘capacity
collapse’• not integrated into a country’s mainstream
decision-making systems• few links between policy and on-the-ground
realities• little more than wish lists, lacking clear priorities
or achievable targets• very narrow base of participation
iied 2002
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Green Cross
• Following Rio ….. for the first time in history, the world community managed to map out and agree on a strategic plan designed to address the twin problems of poverty and ecological disruption
• However, serious obstacles emerged as implementation moved forward
• By and large, the governments of the industrialized countries chose to retract their commitments ….
Mikhail GorbachevCommonDreams.org
April 2004
r
2
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Current Status
• “The fact is that climate change is (now) high on the agenda of politicians and those responsible for drawing up regulation ….
• Proposed regulation comes from the increasingly accepted scientific point of departure ….
• This science is now increasingly aligned to popular opinion ….”
Engineering NewsOctober 2007
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Leadership Challenge of Climate Change
• “I am extremely encouraged by the fact that climate change was so directly and constructively discussed at the highest level for the first time in history
• This event has taken us into a new era• Today I heard a clear call from world leaders for a
breakthrough on climate change in Bali• And I now believe we have a major political
commitment to achieving that”
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon
September 2007
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Objective
• Re-examine impact of advocacy on legislation• How sustainable is the current status• Way forward:
– the CIB and scientific community
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From Green to Climate Change
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Civil Society; Advocacy
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Civil Society; Advocacy
3
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Popular Media
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WWW
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Climate Change; Severe Storms
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Climate Change; Energy & CO2
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Climate Change; Global Warming
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Kyoto Protocol (1997)
4
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Critics
“I'm interested in good policy.Kyoto, I thought, was bad policy”
President George Bush
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Australia
• Prime Minister John Howard has announced during the election leaders' debate that if the Coalition is re-elected it would set up a climate change fund:– priorities would be to invest in clean
energy technology– support households who are most
affected by the higher prices after a carbon price is set
– lobby George W Bush to do more on climate change
ABC TV
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From Advocacy to Science Based Advocacy
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Stern Review (October 2006)
• The Chancellor of the Exchequer (UK), Gordon Brownasked Sir Nicholas Stern to lead a major review of the economics of climate change, to understand more comprehensively the nature of the economic challenges and how they can be met, in the UK and globally– former chief economist of the
World Bank
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Stern Review
• 1% of global gross domestic product (GDP) per annum is required to be invested in order to avoid the worst effects of climate change
• Failure to do so could risk global GDP being up to 20% lower than it otherwise might be
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Stern Review
• Reacting to the Stern report, Van Schalkwyk said: – “The Stern Review is a clarion call to all world leaders,
…… to acknowledge that the overwhelming scientific and economic evidence requires urgent action
– We have reached a point in the debate where the scientific and economic case is so persuasive that failure to act is both negligent and irresponsible
– I trust the Stern Report will also contribute to the groundswell of pressure on those governments and corporations that still keep our common global future hostage
5
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IPCC
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (1988):– World Meteorological Organization (WMO)– United Nations Environment Programme
(UNEP)
• Fourth Assessment Report (2007):– "conclusive evidence of climate change”
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IPCC
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Al Gore
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• “By awarding the Nobel Peace Prize for 2007 to the IPCC and Al Gore, the Norwegian Nobel Committee is seeking to contribute to a sharper focus on the processes and decisions that appear to be necessary to protect the world’s future climate, and thereby to reduce the threat to the security of mankind
• Action is necessary now, before climate change moves beyond man’s control”
Oslo, 12 October 2007
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Views of Actions Necessary to Address Climate Change
BBC; July 2007
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Average
USA
UK
Australia
Canada
France
Spain
Major steps Modest steps DK/NA Not necessary
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Views of Actions Necessary to Address Climate Change
BBC; July 2007
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Average
India
Russia
Indonesia
China
Philippines
Brazil
Major steps Modest steps DK/NA Not necessary
6
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From Climate Change to Green Buildings
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IPCC, UNEP, etc
• IPCC Fourth Assessment Report:– the building sector has the largest
potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions
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Energy Use per Sector (USA)
Residential21%
Commercial17%
Industrial33%
Transportation28%
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Impact on Climate Change; Office Buildings
After UNEP 2007 (Junnila 2004)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Demolition
Maintenance
Other Service
Heating Service
Electrical Service
Construction
Building Materials
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Buildings Contribution to Total Emissions
WBCSD; 2007
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Overall
India
France
Japan
USA
Germany
Spain
Brazil
China
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Policy Instruments
• Regulatory instruments and control instruments, such as building codes and appliance standards, were both most effective and normally also most cost-effective
Advocacy
BusinessCase
Legislation
7
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US Green Building Council
• Executive Order D-16-00:– …. to site, design, deconstruct,
construct, renovate, operate, and maintain state buildings that are models of energy, water, and materials efficiency; while providing healthy, productive and comfortable indoor environments and long-term benefits to Californians
State of California, August 2000
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USA
• Major initiatives taking place at city level:– Coalition of US Mayors committing their cities
to green building practices• Various States promoting green building
initiatives, led by California:– To date, 11 federal agencies, 17 states and 53
municipalities require buildings to meet either local green standards or those set by the USGBC;
• USGBC LEED• NAHB / International Code Council (ICC) /ANSI
National Green Building Standard Committee– Washington is the first major U.S. city to
require LEED compliance for private projects
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Cost Premium for Certified Green Building
WBCSD; 2007
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
Overall
India
France
Japan
USA
Germany
Spain
Brazil
China
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UK
• Code for Sustainable Homes (based on EcoHomes):– Mandatory by April 2008– Six levels of performance, and progress will be reviewed
at the design stage and final certification will be carried out upon completion of construction
– Includes a framework for tightening building regulations up to 2016 when the government will require that all new homes be zero carbon
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Kyoto II
• UNEP SBCI Round Table (Sept 2007):– “we need to go with an advocacy
agenda to Bali”– “capitalise on excellent political
momentum”
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From Green Buildings to CIB
8
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Towards Progress
Advocacy
BusinessCase
Legislation
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Current Status
• “Advocacy” is a key driver of behavior:– increasingly based on scientific and
economic evidence– opinion in key sectors is divided– “we need to go with an advocacy
agenda (to Bali)”• Climate change is high on the
agenda of many politicians and many of those responsible for drawing up regulation:– recognition of the role of buildings
needs to be intensified– “capitalise on excellent political
momentum”
development through partnershipcidb
Current Status
• “Advocacy” is a key driver of behavior:– increasingly based on scientific and
economic evidence– opinion in key sectors is divided– “we need to go with an advocacy
agenda (to Bali)”• Climate change is high on the
agenda of many politicians and many of those responsible for drawing up regulation:– recognition of the role of buildings
needs to be intensified– “capitalise on excellent political
momentum”
development through partnershipcidb
Role Players
• IPCC• UNEP SBCI• WBCSD• ICLEI• Marrakech Task Force• ….
• CIB• iiSBE• FIDIC• WGBC• …..
development through partnershipcidb
Role Players
• IPCC• UNEP SBCI• WBCSD• ICLEI• Marrakech Task Force• ….
• CIB• iiSBE• FIDIC• WGBC• …..
development through partnershipcidb
Role Players
• IPCC• UNEP SBCI• WBCSD• ICLEI• Marrakech Task Force• ….
• CIB• iiSBE• FIDIC• WGBC• …..
9
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CIB
• Priority Theme:– Agenda 21 / Agenda 21 SD DC
• IPCC, SBCI, ….– individual and CIB level
• Working Groups:– TG66; Energy and the Built Environment– TG69; Green Buildings and the Law– TG70; Sustainable Design of Tall Buildings– W084; Building Comfortable Environments for
All– W108; Climate Change and the Built
Environment– ….
• SB04/05, SB07/08• …..
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S&T Infrastructure; Way Forward
• “Capitalise on excellent political momentum”• From S&T based “advocacy” to S&T based
policy, legislation and regulation;– Continue to strengthen S&T based evidence– Continue to strengthen participation in forums– Continue to monitor, report and comment on the status
of sustainable buildings worldwide• From S&T based policy, legislation and regulation
to S&T based solutions:– Assessment systems– Guides, codes, standards– …..
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Thank You