Imperialism

CHY4CI

Exam Review

June 4, 5, 8 and 9 Summative Essay

June 10, 11, 12, 15 Exam (in-class)

June 16, 17

News and Announcements

Imperialism

Note Nationalism Simulation Assignment

Start DUE: Wednesday, June 3rd

Today

Rhodes’ Colossus

“I would annex the planets if I could.” Cecil Rhodes, British

imperialist and British magnate

Founder of the De Beers Mining Company

Cape-Cairo railway project Owner of the British South

Africa Company Wanted to “paint the map of

Africa [British] red”

How are the following events/ideas related to

European imperialism into Africa? Coca Cola Lester B. Pearson’s Nobel Prize for UN

Peacekeeping The Rwandan Genocide of 1994 Present-day civil wars in Africa

Questions

Most European countries and English-speaking

countries took notice of Africa when in 1871, the New York Herald sent a reporter, Henry Stanley, into the heart of Africa to look for the lost Scottish medical missionary, Dr. David Livingstone who had gone missing for about six years

Stanley eventually found Livingstone in the town of Ujiji on the shores of Lake Tangayika, where it’s believed that he said the famous like, “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”

Stanley and Livingstone

Mineral Tonics

One of the many fascinations of 19th century Europeans was exotic travel, local remedies, and mystic experiences

The “newest” and most popular medical plants were the Peruvian coca leaf and the African kola nut

“Healthful” Drinks

When mineral waters/tonics were mixed with syrups, the resulting drinks were refreshing and “healthful”

This led to a craze for these kind of drinks in the West

Coca Cola

By the 1880s, healing tonics included: Coca-Coffee Coca-Malta Cocacaffeine Burgundia Coca

In 1885, the first “tonic” (known as “brain tonic”) named Coca Cola was created by Dr. John Pemberton of Atlanta, Georgia

The Berlin Conference

In late 1884 and early 1885, German leader, Otto Von Bismarck hosted a conference in Berlin at which important European nations were invited to divide up the continent of Africa

The Berlin Conference

The main purpose of the conference was to divide African lad into arbitrary borders that suited the interests of European nations

Before the conference, 80% of Africa was under the traditional rule of indigenous leaders

Berlin Conference

By the end of the conference, the continent was divided into fifty countries whose boundaries crossed over pre-existing cultural and linguistic borders

Berlin Conference

These artificial borders only reinforced civil conflicts within African colonies, especially as the colonial powers favoured certain indigenous groups over others

The Rwandan Genocide

The Rwandan Genocide of 1994 was one such conflict that stemmed from European meddling in Africa

During the occupation of Rwanda by Belgian colonial rulers, the Tutsi—which made up about 14% of the population—received preferential treatment from the Belgian imperialists

The Hutus—which made up 80% of the population—were poorer and less educated than the Belgian-favoured Tutsis

During the ensuing years of conflict, over

900,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed by radical Hutus

The Rwandan Genocide

At the end of the 19th century there was a

strong reaction against most inhumane forms of imperialist exploitation

A new rule of non-Europeans was found in the idea of the “white man’s burden”

This philosophy advanced the notion that the developed nations of Europe had a duty to rule Asians and Africans in order to lead them to a higher level of civilization and culture

The New Imperialism

The White Man’s Burden

“Take up the White Man’s burden—

Send forth the best ye breed—Go bind your sons to exile

To serve your captives’ need;To wait in heavy harness,

On fluttered folk and wild—Your new-caught, sullen peoples,

Half-devil and half-child”

-Rudyard Kipling (author of The Jungle Book)

“The White Man’s Burden”