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CHURCH HISTORY IICHURCH HISTORY IILesson 15Lesson 15
Scottish PuritanismPART 1
PURITANISM
“the haunting fear that someone might be happy!”
H. L. Mencken
“It was an effort to rid the Christianity of England from all things contrary to the biblical revelation, to remove all things, whether in doctrine, discipline, ceremony or polity which had been added by Rome” Dr. Edw Panosian
“A ‘spiritual movement’ which developed under Elizabeth I (late 16th century), blossomed in the Interregnum (1640’s and 1650’s) and withered in the persecution between the Restoration (1660) and Toleration (1689)” Dr. David Calhoun
The English Reformation
Characteristics of the English Reformation
It was more political than religious
It was more organizational than doctrinal
The English church was marked by continual upheaval
FRAMEWORK: What happened when?
There is no dominant spiritual figure
WHO WERE THE PURITANS?
Elizabeth1558-1603
James I1603-1625
Charles I1625-1649
EnglishCommonwealth
1649-1653
Cromwell1653-1658
Charles II1660-1685
James II1685-1688
William & Mary1688-1702
English
Interregnum
The English ReformationThe Royal Players
Elizabeth1558-1603
James I1603-1625
The English ReformationThe Royal Players
King James I King James VI of Scotland (1567-1603)became King when 13 months old
King James I of England (1603-1625)became King when Elizabeth dies
The Beginning of Great Britain
Fluent in Greek, Latin, French, English, and his native Scots. Schooled in Italian and Spanish.
King James was sickly having crippling arthritis, weak limbs, abdominal colic, gout, and a number of other chronic illnesses. He also had physical handicaps which affected his legs and tongue. Coupled with numerous attempts on his life, he required constant attention and watch care.
His major concern – a centralized &powerful monarchy
King James IWhen he ascended to the throne RC, Presb, & Anglicans
all had high hopes for him
RC – his mother, Mary, Queen of Scots, was catholic
Presb – he was from Scotland; raised by Presb.
Anglican – episcopacy supported King as head of church
Presbyterians immediately appeal to the new King
“looked forward to being in a country where the clergy could not instruct the King on what he should do!” Dr. Packer
The Millenary Petition – Puritan document requesting further church reforms
The Hampton Court Conference – 1604 – Puritans asked for the followingreforms
Elimination of:1. the signing of the cross during baptism2. confirmation3. the administration of baptism by women4. use of the ring in marriage5. bowing in the name of Jesus6. dress of ministers – vestments7. priests living in the church8. end absolution9. all church disciplined carried out by church and not for
insignificant matters.
Kings James rejected these requests, but did grant translation of the Bible incommon language. King James Bible
This would turn King James against Puritans and he would begin an ineffectual persecution of Puritans. THE NEW WORLD
King James IWhen he ascended to the throne RC, Presb, & Anglicans
all had high hopes for him
RC – his mother, Mary, Queen of Scots, was catholic
Presby – he was from Scotland, the heart of Presby, raised by Presby.
Anglican – episcopacy supported King as head of church
Presbyterians appealed to James at Hampton Conf of 1604
He was of low moral character which served to discredit himDeclaration of SportsFailed to support Protestants in 30 years War
Elizabeth1558-1603
James I1603-1625
The English ReformationThe Royal Players
Charles I1625-1649
King Charles I
King Charles I
Immigration to the New World Begins 1620 Plymouth – Bradford; 1630 - Mass. Bay Colony - Winthrop
Charles blundered in Scotland by giving Laud full authority over Scottish church – WarHe turns to Ireland for an army – united Scottish Calvinists & English Puritans
Needs money; calls Parliament back – Short ParliamentScotland wins and forces Long Parliament
Civil War 1642 – 1648 – Cavaliers and Roundheads
More moral than father, but less politicalsavvy.
Married a Catholic queen – Henrietta Maria of France
Appoints William Laud, Archbishop ofCanterbury, RC & Arminian
Conflict with Parliament- money disbanded 1629-1640
During the Civil War 1642-1648
Parliament abolished the episcopal framework of church government
The Parliament called together the Westminster Assembly to adviseit and establish a new church order.
• 121 clergy 30 laymen• Directory of Worship• Westminster Confession of Faith• Larger & Shorter Catechism
Archbishop Laud is executed by Parliament
King Charles I is executed
Charles negotiates with Scots, Catholics, and MP’s
Elizabeth1558-1603
James I1603-1625
Charles I1625-1649
EnglishCommonwealth
1649-1653
English
Cromwell1653-1658
Interregnum
The English ReformationThe Royal Players
Civil War
1642 1648
Oliver CromwellLord Protector
He was a wealthy landowner descendedfrom an advisory to Henry VIII
Was converted and became a PuritanIndependent
When the civil war broke out, he returnedhome and raised a cavalry unit
The King defeated at Naseby, Cromwellled the protestant cavalry
Scots sided with Charles IIIrish rebelled.England Protestants splintered
Cromwell disbanded Parliament &became Lord Protector
Oliver CromwellLord Protector He set out to reform church & state
His religious policies were fairly tolerantreligious freedom granted to Baptists, Quakers,Anglicans, Jews, & RC.Presby Puritans continued to fight for a state church
Upon his natural death, his son Richard Cromwellunable to continue Protectorate
Restoration of 1660Presby & Anglicans join to bring Charles II fromexile in France
Political unrest – he is offered throne of England
“Parliament was full of saints of God-who were terrible at government!” Dr. Packer
Elizabeth1558-1603
James I1603-1625
Charles I1625-1649
EnglishCommonwealth
1649-1653
Cromwell1653-1658
English
Interregnum
The English ReformationThe Royal Players
Civil War
1642 1648
Charles II1660-1685
King Charles II Acts of Uniformity
St Bartholomew's Day (August 24) 1662
2) All pastors take Oath of Consent
‘useable’ ‘needs no improvement whatsoever’3) Must regard Solemn League & Covenant ‘an unlawful oath’
2,000 Puritans relinquish their pulpits
1) Episcopal ordination for all pastors
1665-66 Great Plague
Underground church next 25 years
20,000 Puritans arrested
1685 Charles dies confessed Roman Catholic
Elizabeth1558-1603
James I1603-1625
Charles I1625-1649
EnglishCommonwealth
1649-1653
Cromwell1653-1658
Charles II1660-1685
James II1685-1688
English
Interregnum
The English ReformationThe Royal Players
Civil War
1642 1648
King James II
Openly sought to return Englandto Roman Catholicism
Brought in Jesuits & MonksAppointed Catholics to highoffice
His wife presented him a sonwhich insured him an heir to thethrone
His overt RC lead to the Protestant Rebellion called The Glorious Revolution of 1688
Elizabeth1558-1603
James I1603-1625
Charles I1625-1649
EnglishCommonwealth
1649-1653
Cromwell1653-1658
Charles II1660-1685
James II1685-1688
William & Mary1688-1702
English
Interregnum
The English ReformationThe Royal Players
Civil War
1642 1648
William & Mary
William & Mary
Religious Toleration – The Toleration Act of 1689
Subscribe to 39 Articles
Swear loyalty to the sovereign
James II, who had fled to Europe landed in Ireland with a French Army and Irish Catholics attempted to regain his throne. William defeated him 1690.
Anglican High Church (Arminian)
Evangelical Low Church
Ang
lican
s 15
34
Roman Catholics
The Development of English Protestantism
(Calvinistic)
State Church
Puritans
Sep
arat
ist
CongregationalistsIndependents
Presbyterians
Purify Church of
England
The Old English Puritane was such an one that honoured God above all, and under God gave every one his due. His first care was to serve God, and therein he did not what was good in his own, but in God’s sight, making the word of God the rule of his worship.
He highly esteemed order in the House of God: but would not under colour of that submit to superstitious rites, which are superfluous and perish in their use….
He made conscience of all God’s ordinances, though some he esteemed of more consequence.
He was much in praier; with it he began and closed the day. In it he was exercised in his closet, family and publike assembly.
He esteemed that manner of praier best, where by the gift of God, expressions were varied according to present wants and occasions; Yet he did not account set forms unlawful.
Therefore in that circumstance of the Church he did not wholly reject the liturgy but the corruption of it. He esteemed reading of the word an ordinance of God both in private and publike; but he did not account reading to be preaching. .
. He accounted perspicuity the best grace of a preacher: And that method best which was most helpful to understanding, affection and memory. . .
He accounted perspicuity the best grace of a preacher: And that method best which was most helpful to understanding, affection and memory. . .
The Lord’s day he esteemed a divine ordinance, and rest on it necessary so far as it induced to holinesse. He was very consciencious in the observance of that day as the Mart day of the Soul. . . .
The Sacrament of Baptism he received in Infancy, which he looked back to in his age to answer his ingagements, and claim his priviledges.
The Lord’s Supper he accounted part of his soul’s food: to which he laboured to keep an appetite. He esteemed it an ordinance of nearest communion with Christ, so requiring most exact preparation. . . .
He accounted religion an engagement to duty, that the best Christians should be the best husbands, best wives, best parents, best children, best Masters, best servants, best Magistrates, best subjects, that the doctrine of God might be adorned not blasphemed. His family he endeavoured to make a Church, both in regard of persons and exercises, admitting none into it but such as feared God; and labouring that those that were born in it, might be born again to God. . . .
He was a man of a tender heart, not only in regard of his own sin, but others’ misery, not counting mercy arbitrary, but a necessary duty: wherein as he prayed for wisdom to direct him, so he studied for cheerfulnesse and a bounty to act. . . . In his habit he avoided costlinesse and vanity, neither exceeding his degree in civility nor declining what suited with Christianity, desiring in all things to expresse gravity.
His whole life he accounted a warfare, wherein Christ was his captain, his arms, praiers and tears. The Crosse his Banner and his word Vincit qui patitur.
