Chuong 6 Hop Kim Mau Va Bot

7/25/2019 Chuong 6 Hop Kim Mau Va Bot

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CHNG 6: HP KIM MU V BT


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6.1. Hp kim Al

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6.1. Hp kim nhm6.1.1. Nhm nguyn cht & phn loi HK Alc tnh: Nh, bn n mn kh quyn, tnh

do rt cao, dn in, nhit tt;- Chu nhit km, bn, cng thp;

Hp kim nhm v phn loi:Nguyn t HK: Cu, Zn, Mg, Si, Mn, Ti, FePhn loi da trn ng gii hn ha tan CF:

LL+ L+

+

Hp kim Al cHK Albin dng

Ha bnbng NL

Khngha bnbng NL

E

F

C


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6.1. Hp kim nhmH thng k hiu hp kim nhm

TCVN 1659-75: Bt u bng ch Al, tip theo l k hiu ha hc ca

nguyn t hp kim cng s ch %, v d: AlCu4Mg, Al99, Al99,5;Tiu chun Hoa k (AA): xxxx v xxx.x

1xxx - nhm sch ( 99,0%), 1xx.x - nhm sch thng phm;2xxx - Al - Cu, Al - Cu - Mg, 2xx.x - Al - Cu,

3xxx - Al - Mn, 3xx.x - Al - Si - Mg, Al - Si - Cu,4xxx - Al - Si, 4xx.x - Al - Si,5xxx - Al - Mg, 5xx.x - Al - Mg,6xxx - Al - Mg - Si, 6xx.x - khng c,7xxx - Al - Zn - Mg, Al - Zn - Mg - Cu, 7xx.x - Al - Zn,

8xxx - Al - cc nguyn t khc 8xx.x - Al - Sn.

Hp kim bin dng Hp kim c


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6.1.2. HK nhm bin dng khng ha bn c bng nhit luynNhm sch:Al thng phm c 99,0% Al, c tnh chng n mn, bn thp, mm, do, d bin dng ngui tng bn (0,2), cng;

Hp kim Al-Mn: gii hn ha tan Mn (1,8% 6590C), tp cht Fe & Silm gim mnh gii hn ha tan Mn ch ha bn bng bin dng,chng n mn tt v d hn thay cho Al sch khi cn c tnh cao hn;

Hp kim Al-Mg: thng dng < 4% Mg (gii hn ha tan 15% 4150C):

AA5050, AA5052, AA5454, nh nht, bn kh, ho bn bin dng tt,bin dng nng, ngui v hn tt, bn n mn tt nht l sau anod ha.


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6.1.3. HK nhm bin dng ha bn c bng nhit luyn

Audi R8Audi

2.0

HK nhm quan trng nht, c c tnh cao nht , khng thua km thp C

H Al - Cu v Al - Cu - Mg

Ha tan cc i (5,65% 548oC);

Ha tan cc tiu (0,5% nhit thng);

c im t chc t vi:- Cn bng sau : 0,5% + (CuAl2) - b = 200MPa

- Sau ti: qu bo ha (4%Cu) - b = 250-300MPa

Sau 5 7 ngy: b = 400MPa ha gi t nhin;

Hp kim Al - Cu (4%)


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H Al - Cu v Al - Cu - Mg

4% GP1 GP2 (CuAl2)ha gi max qu gi

C ch ha gi (Gunier Preston):

GP2 (6h, 1800C) (2h, 2000C) (CuAl2) (45min, 4500C)

Ha gi t nhin: bo qun nhit thng trong 5 7 ngy;

Ha gi nhn to: 100 200oC, t vi gi n vi chc gi;


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Hp kim Al - Cu - Mg (ura): Cu ~ 2,6 - 6,3% v Mg ~ 0,5 - 1,5%- Pha ha bn CuAl2, CuMg5Al5, CuMgAl2 tc dng mnh hn;

- bn cao (b = 450 480MPa), khi lng ring nh ( 2,7g/cm3

);- Tnh chng n mn km thm lng nh Mn, ph Al ln b mt;

H Al - Mg - Si: pha ha bn Mg2Si, bn km ura (b = 400MPa),nhng tnh do cao hn k c trng thi ngui, tnh hn cao.


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H Al - Zn - Mg: Zn ~ 4 8%, Mg : 1 3%, Cu ~ 2% pha ha bn MgZn2v Al2Mg3Zn3, sau nhit luyn c bn cao nht (b > 550MPa);

- D nhit luyn do khong nhit ti rng (350 500oC), Vng ti hn nh cth ngui trong khng kh hoc nc nng;



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6.1.3. Hp kim nhm c- Thnh phn gn t chc cng tinh, nhiuHK hn, d chy, d c, c th bin tnh

hoc ngui nhanh ci thin c tnh;- Hp kim ch yu: Si, (Mg, Cu);

Hp kim Al - Si (Silumin)- Si ~ 10 - 13%;

- Bin tnh : 0,05-0,08% (2/3NaF+1/3NaCl) ctnh (b = 130MPa, = 3%) ln b = 180MPa, = 8%,nhng vn cn thp so viyu cu s dng.


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Hp kim Al - Si - Mg(Cu)- Ngoi Si ~ ( 5 20%), cn c Mg < 1% to pha ha bn Mg2Si, Cu ~ (3-

5%) ci thin thm c tnh v tnh c;- C th ha bn bng nhit luyn;

6.1.3. Hp kim nhm c


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H thng k hiu hp kim ng:

Tiu chun Hoa K - CDA:1xx - ng v cc hp kim Cu Be;2xx - latng n gin, 4xx - latng phc tp;5xx - brng Sn, 6xx - brng Al, Si;

7xx - brng Ni, Ag, 8xx v 9xx - HK ng c;

6.2. Hp kim ng6.2.1. ng nguyn cht v phn loi HK ngCc c tnh ca ng :

- Dn in dn nhit tt, rt do,d dt mng, ko si, tnh hnkh tt, chng n mn tt;

- Khi lng ring ln, tnh giacng ct v tnh c km;

Phn loi hp kim ng:- Phn loi theo nguyn tc ging hp kim nhm;

- Phn loi theo truyn thng: Latng (Cu Zn) vBrng (Cu - nguyn t hp kim khc), v d Cu-Sn;


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6.2. Hp kim ng6.2.2. Latng

Latng n gin: thng dng < 45% Zn, t chc mt pha (


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6.2. Hp kim ng6.2.2. LatngLatng mt pha: D bin dng do, kh ct;- LCuZn5 - mu nht, tnh cht ging ng;- LCuZn20 mu ging nh vng;- LCuZn30: bn do cao nht;

Latng hai pha: LCuZn40, d ct, bn & cng hn, c th bin dng nng


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6.2. Hp kim ngLatng phc tp: c thm Pb (


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6.2. Hp kim ng6.2.3. Brng

Brng thic: (Cu - Zn)

- Loi bin dng: < 8-10%, c tnh cao, chng n mntrong nc bin, thm Pb - ci thin tnh ct gt, dng Znthay cho Sn : BCuSn4Zn4Pb4;- Loi c: c > 10%Sn, tng lng hp kim > 12%,BCuSn5Zn5Pb5, BCuSn10Sn2, chng n mn tt, tnh

c cao;


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Brng nhm: (Cu - Al), thm Ni (5%), Fe (4%) - bn,chu n mn v mi mn, Si ( 9,4% Al, t chc gm + (Cu3Al,mng A2), sau ti v ram cao (5000C) c c tnh cao;

- Loi c: c > 10% Al, thnh phn c th ging loi

bin dng hai pha;

BCuAl10Ni5Fe3BCuAl11Fe4Ni4BCuAl7Si2


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6.2.3. BrngBrng Berili: Be (0,25 - 2%) khng to tia la khi va p, chu n mn nhit cao, cng dng in ln, c hi khi gia cng ct hoc hn;

- Hp kim c tnh dn in cao: (0,25 0,7% Be), thm Ni & Co tng bn, tnh dn in cao hn Al, ch hi km Cu nguyn cht;

- Hp kim bn cao: (1,6-2% Be), thm 0,3% Co - sau nhit luyn ti +ha gi c bn cao nht trong cc hp kim ng thng mi v tnhn hi rt cao, dn in khong gia Fe v Al;


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6.2.3. BrngBrng Berili: Be (0,25 - 2%) khng to tia la khi va p, chu n mn nhit cao, cng dng in ln, c hi khi gia cng ct hoc hn;

- Hp kim c tnh dn in cao: (0,25 0,7% Be), thm Ni & Co tng bn, tnh dn in cao hn Al, ch hi km Cu nguyn cht;

- Hp kim bn cao: (1,6-2% Be), thm 0,3% Co - sau nhit luyn ti +ha gi c bn cao nht trong cc hp kim ng thng mi v tnhn hi rt cao, dn in khong gia Fe v Al;


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6.3. Hp kim trt6.3.1. Hp kim trt c nhit chy thp: Pb, Sn

Babit thic: SnSb11Cu6, SnSb8Cu3Ni1

- T chc - SnSb

Cu3Sn

- Sn(Sb)

- Rt mm, t lm mn c trc;

- H s ma st nh, gi du tt;- Khong chu c p sut & nhit cao


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- SnSb

Cu3

Sn

(Pb + Sb)

Babit ch: PbSn6Sb6Cu1, PbSn16Sb16Cu2

- T chc: (Pb + Sb) + SnSb + Cu3Sn nhiu ht cng v gin hn


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6.3.2. Hp kim nhm6.3. Hp kim trt

Ma st nh, nh, tnh dn nhit

cao, chng n mn cao trongdu, c tnh cao hn, tnh cngngh hi km.

- H Al Sn (3 - 20% Sn), c thm Cu, Ni, Si: AlSn3Cu1, AlSn9Cu2 - c;AlSn20Cu1 - trng thi bin dng (Bimetal), chu c p lc cao (200

300kG/mm2

), tc vng ln (15 20m/s);


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6.3.3. Hp kim khc

Hp kim ng:

- Brng Sn: BCuSn4Zn4Pb4 (bin dng), BCuSn5Zn5Pb5 (c);

- Brng Pb: BCuPb30, BCuSn8Pb12, BCusn10Pb10;Gang xm, gang cu, gang do;


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6.4. Hp kim bt

6.4.1. Khi nim chung

Cng ngh bt


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6.4. Hp kim bt


Phng php to bt


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6.4. Hp kim bt


Phng php to bt


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6.4. Hp kim bt


Phng php to bt


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Phi liu - To hnh - Thiu kt (Movie)

.


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6.4. Hp kim bt

u im:

Nhc im:


----

-

-----

6 4 H ki bt


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6.4. Hp kim bt

6.4.2. Vt liu ct v mi

Hp kim cng

- Tnh cng nng 800 - 10000C

- Tc ct hng trm m/min;

Thnh phn:

- Cacbit WC (t l cao nht)+ Cacbit TiC, TaC + Co;

- bn, cng, tnh cngnng rt cao, khng qua NL;

6 4 2 Vt li t i


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Hp kim cng

1450 - 15000C

Quy trnh ch to

6 4 Hp kim bt


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6.4. Hp kim bt


Vt liu lm a ct

- Bt kim cng nhn to, Nitrid Bo (BN);

- Cht kt dnh: B, Be, Si, bt kim loi;

Thnh phn:

- Vt liu bt siu cng (HV 8000 - 10000)

6 4 Hp kim bt


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6.4. Hp kim bt

6.4.2. Vt liu kt cu

Hp kim Al bt:Al - Al203 (5-20%)

- b = 300 - 450 Mpa (300 - 3500C)

Hp kim Fe - bt:

6 4 Hp kim bt


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6.4. Hp kim bt

6.4.3. Vt liu xp

Bc t bi trn

- Cu - 10%Sn; Hp kim Al, xp 25%,tm du trong chn khng - 750C;

Mng lc:- Bt ng u, ng trc;

- xp cao > 30 - 35%;


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Chuong 6 Hop Kim Mau Va Bot