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Issue 04 November 2010 Focus CHSR QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER OF HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH Health Technology Assessment Health technology assessment (HTA) entails evaluation of the effectiveness, appropriateness and cost of healthcarerelated technologies by addressing four fundamental questions: Does the technology work? If so, for whom, at what cost, and how does it compare with alternatives? It provides a basis for decisions by providing a comprehensive overview of the consequences of new technology in the health service. Since its beginnings in the United States in the early 1970s, well established HTA groups have been set up in many countries, including Canada, France and UK. HTA has been conducted extensively around the world in formulating work plan, renewing equipments, purchasing new equipments or devising new programmes. As part of CHSR’s mandate in supporting decisionmaking with sound analytics, CHSR actively assists SingHealth institutions to perform HTA. In 2008, CHSR published an online handbook of HTA . To date, the centre has also embarked on several HTArelated projects, three of which were presented in the recent Health Technology Assessment International (HTAI) 2010 Annual Meeting (69 June 2010) at Dublin, Ireland. These three projects are concisely described as follows. IMPACT OF HEATLH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT HTA has contributed to development of standards, guidelines and other healthcare policies in many countries. They include: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence’s (NICE) recommendation of Imatinib as the first choice of treatment for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumour that cannot be removed surgically or has spread to other parts of the body Canada’s Ministry of Health and Social Services’ decision not to launch a province wide prostate cancer screening program, as well as the development of clinical practice guidelines on prostate cancer screening Establishment of a statute in Finland on fetal screening and the implementation of a comprehensive national training program for both professionals and parentstobe PRESENTATIONS BY CHSR AT HTAI 2010 Effectiveness of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion in Type 2 Diabetes: Rapid Health Technology Assessment Investigators: Tin AS , Gardner DSL, Goh SY, Chow WL This study investigated the use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared to multidose injection of insulin. CSII uses a small electrical insulin pump which is planned and controlled by the user to give different specific amounts of insulin at different times of day and night. Related literatures on the clinical and cost effectiveness of CSII use in T2DM were reviewed. Systematically framed research questions in the PICO (Population Intervention Comparator Outcome) format were used to identify relevant articles. For example: What is the population of interest? What are the types of interventions of interest? What are the comparators to intervention? What are the outcomes of interest? A total of 14 relevant published articles were found including systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, observational studies, reviews articles and one health technology assessment report. The HTA suggested that CSII might be more effective over multidose injection in T2DM. However, evidence of its effectiveness is still inconclusive. As cost evaluation studies were not available currently in this area, longterm cost benefit analyses from both the individual and healthcare provider perspective need to be carried out. Rapid-HTA: Robot-Assisted Gait Therapy Investigators: Tong SC , Ng YS, Lim P, Bok CW, Chow WL Robot Assisted Gait Therapy (RAGT) involves the use of a robot orthotic device to help the patient retrain motor coordination by performing wellfocused and carefully directed repetitive practice. A Rapid HTA was performed to examine the literature on effectiveness of RAGT with stroke patients as compared to physiotherapy (PT) using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes (PICO) framework. 10 publications were reviewed, including 1 Systematic Review, 4 Randomised Clinical Trials, 2 CaseControl studies, 2 Case Series and 1 Review. The evidence that either RAGT with PT is more effective than conventional PT is mixed. However, RAGT with PT is effective for patients less than 3 months post stroke and in patients who had a low Functional Ambulatory Category Score. In addition, when RAGT and PT are used together, the combined therapies are more effective than PT alone. However, the evidence does not indicate that RAGT alone as a treatment option is superior to PT. More studies will have to be done to assess effectiveness and costeffectiveness of RAGT in stroke rehabilitation.

CHSR Focus - Thoughts · Current evidence strongly supports the addition of MRI to XRM, but there is no RCT to confirm the sensitivity and specificity. ... healthcare subsidies, and

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Page 1: CHSR Focus - Thoughts · Current evidence strongly supports the addition of MRI to XRM, but there is no RCT to confirm the sensitivity and specificity. ... healthcare subsidies, and

Issue  

04 November 

2010 

Focus CHSR QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER OF HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 

Health Technology Assessment Health technology assessment  (HTA) entails evaluation of the effective‐ness,  appropriateness  and  cost  of  healthcare‐related  technologies  by addressing four fundamental questions: Does the technology work? If so, for whom, at what cost, and how does  it compare with alternatives?  It provides a basis for decisions by providing a comprehensive overview of the  consequences  of  new  technology  in  the  health  service.  Since  its    beginnings in the United States in the early 1970s, well established HTA groups  have  been  set  up  in many  countries,  including  Canada,  France and UK.  

  HTA  has  been  conducted  extensively  around  the  world  in        formulating  work  plan,  renewing  equipments,  purchasing  new          equipments or devising new programmes. As part of CHSR’s mandate in supporting  decision‐making with  sound  analytics,  CHSR  actively  assists   SingHealth  institutions  to  perform  HTA.  In  2008,  CHSR  published  an online  handbook  of  HTA.  To  date,  the  centre  has  also  embarked  on     several  HTA‐related  projects,  three  of  which  were  presented  in  the     recent Health Technology Assessment  International  (HTAI) 2010 Annual Meeting (6‐9 June 2010) at Dublin, Ireland. These three projects are con‐cisely described as follows. 

IMPACT OF HEATLH TECHNOLOGY        ASSESSMENT 

HTA has contributed to development of stan‐

dards,  guidelines  and  other  healthcare  poli‐

cies in many countries. They include:  

National  Institute  for  Health  and  Clinical 

Excellence’s  (NICE)  recommendation  of 

Imatinib as the first choice of treatment for 

patients  with  gastro‐intestinal  stromal   

tumour  that  cannot be  removed  surgically 

or has spread to other parts of the body 

Canada’s  Ministry  of  Health  and  Social   

Services’ decision not  to  launch a province 

wide prostate cancer screening program, as 

well as the development of clinical practice 

guidelines on prostate cancer screening  

Establishment  of  a  statute  in  Finland  on 

fetal screening and the implementation of a 

comprehensive  national  training  program 

for both professionals and parents‐to‐be   

PRESENTATIONS BY CHSR AT HTAI 2010 

Effectiveness of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion in Type 2 Diabetes: Rapid

Health Technology Assessment

Investigators: Tin AS, Gardner DSL, Goh SY,        Chow WL  

This  study    investigated  the  use  of  continuous  subcutaneous  insulin infusion  (CSII)  in Type 2 diabetes mellitus  (T2DM) compared to multi‐dose injection of insulin. 

CSII  uses  a  small  electrical  insulin  pump  which  is  planned  and          controlled by  the user  to give different specific amounts of  insulin at different times of day and night. 

Related  literatures on the clinical and cost effectiveness of CSII use  in T2DM were reviewed. Systematically framed research questions in the PICO  (Population  Intervention  Comparator  Outcome)  format  were used to identify relevant articles. For example: What is the population of  interest? What are the types of  interventions of  interest? What are the comparators to intervention? What are the outcomes of interest? 

A  total  of  14  relevant  published  articles  were  found  including            systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, observational studies,     reviews articles and one health technology assessment report.  

The HTA suggested that CSII might be more effective over multi‐dose injection in T2DM. However, evidence of its effectiveness is still incon‐clusive. As cost evaluation studies were not available currently  in this area,  long‐term  cost  benefit  analyses  from  both  the  individual  and healthcare provider perspective need to be carried out.   

Rapid-HTA: Robot-Assisted Gait Therapy

Investigators: Tong SC, Ng YS, Lim P, Bok CW,        Chow WL  

  

Robot Assisted Gait Therapy  (RAGT)  involves  the use of a robot or‐thotic device to help the patient retrain motor coordination by per‐forming well‐focused and carefully directed repetitive practice. 

A Rapid HTA was performed to examine the  literature on effective‐ness  of  RAGT with  stroke  patients  as  compared  to  physiotherapy (PT)  using  the  Population,  Intervention,  Comparison,  Outcomes (PICO) framework. 

10  publications  were  reviewed,  including  1  Systematic  Review,          4 Randomised Clinical  Trials,  2  Case‐Control  studies,  2  Case  Series and 1 Review. 

The  evidence  that  either  RAGT  with  PT  is  more  effective  than       conventional  PT  is mixed. However,  RAGT with  PT  is  effective  for patients  less  than 3 months post stroke and  in patients who had a low Functional Ambulatory Category Score. In  addition, when RAGT and PT are used  together,  the combined  therapies are more effec‐tive than PT alone. 

However, the evidence does not indicate that RAGT alone as a treat‐ment option is superior to PT. 

More studies will have to be done to assess effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of RAGT in stroke rehabilitation.  

Page 2: CHSR Focus - Thoughts · Current evidence strongly supports the addition of MRI to XRM, but there is no RCT to confirm the sensitivity and specificity. ... healthcare subsidies, and

Upcoming Seminars In January 2011 

CHSR Focus  Issue 04 November 2010 

1.  Basic Principles of Economic Evaluation of Healthcare Programs 2.  Systematic Review & Meta‐Analysis For more details, please email [email protected] 

PRESENTATIONS BY CHSR AT HTAI 2010 Rapid HTA: Can Magnetic Resonance Imaging

be Used to Screen Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer?

Investigators: Wang VW,   Tan SM,  Chow WL  

  Breast  cancer  is  the  commonest  malignancy  among  Singapore  women. 

Women at high risk of familial breast cancer have an earlier disease onset. For them  it  is difficult to detect    lesions with X‐ray mammography (XRM) due to their higher breast density. The aggressive tumor growth also requires a more sensitive screening regimen. 

This study aimed to evaluate the evidence for and against the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as an adjunct to XRM for the screening of women at high risk of familial breast cancer. 

Current evidence strongly supports the addition of MRI to XRM, but there  is no RCT to confirm the sensitivity and specificity. MRI+XRM can be more cost‐effective  than XRM alone  for breast cancer  screening  in younger women at high risk of familiar breast cancer  

The  results are of  significant  importance  to policy makers  in  Singapore and other  Asia‐Pacific  countries  in  planning/improving  the  national  screening program  for breast  cancer.  The  findings  also help  clinicians make  informed recommendations  to  their patients based on  the appropriateness of screen‐ing using MRI.  

coming soon >>>

In The Next Issue Look out for more information on

qualitative research and the related

research projects that CHSR is currently

undertaking or has completed

The  Health  Service  Development  Programme (HSDP)  was  established  in  2000  by  Ministry  of Health  (MOH)  with  the  objective  of  developing new  health  services  and  medical  capabilities through funding of projects on a pilot basis 

Every  HSDP  funding  proposal  is  required  to         include a HTA report of the technology or program involved 

CHSR supports annual review and evaluation of all HSDP applications by SingHealth institutions  

Since  2008,  CHSR  has  evaluated  a  total  of  68 HSDP applications    

Did You Know? 

QUICK FACTS ON                 HTA APPLICATION IN          

SINGAPORE’S                   PUBLIC HEALTHCARE 

Formal  HTA  activities  only  began  in  the  early 

1990s 

The  first  formal  unit  with  HTA  functions  was   

established  within  Ministry  of  Health  (MOH)  in 

September 1995   

HTA  has  been deployed  to  support MOH’s  deci‐

sion‐making processes in formulation of  Standard 

Drug  List,  licensing  of medical  clinics,  evaluation 

of  Health  Service  Development  Programmes, 

healthcare subsidies, and policy   development  

The HTA capability of two public sector healthcare 

clusters (SingHealth & National Healthcare Group) 

resides  in  their  respective  health  services         

research units 

CHSR presenters at HTAi 2010