Chronology from the Gilded Age to the 1920s Timeline Self-Test To use this show, go to view and click “notes page.”

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1877-1896

Corruption during Gilded Age—give examples

BossTweed=Tammany; Credit Mobilier; Whiskey Ring; Sec. War Belnap=bribes

1880s

Name is “ism”: Chinese Exclusion Act (’82); American Protective Assoc. (’87) vs. Catholics/foreigners

Nativism

1881

Helen Hunt Jackson writes about mistreatment of Indians; starts reform movement—name the book

A Century of Dishonor

1883

Ends spoils system; begins civil service (what, not who, you know to get a job)—name the act

Pendleton Act

1886

States can’t regulate railroads; leads to Interstate Commerce Act of 1887—name the Supreme Court case

Wabash v. Illinois (1886) Case

1887

Civilize Indians; give them 160 acres; end reservation system; reform plan fails -- name the act

Dawes Severalty Act

1869 on

Wyoming Terr. grants women vote in ’69; other West states follow; SE U.S. lags

Answer: Women’s Suffrage in West

1840s-1940s

Plains Indian way of life destroyed; Buffalo grass removed for crops makes land ripe for “dust bowl” in times of drought; contaminated H2O sources—what are we talking about here

Environmental impacts of western settlement

1893

“Significance of Frontier” = the frontier promoted certain personality traits—practical, inventive, restless, individualistic, all of which helped to create the American character. Name the author of this thesis and name the thesis.

Frederick Jackson Turner and the Frontier Thesis

1880s on

Companies join to create monopolistic combines to control trade/commerce

Trusts

1873, 84, 93

Business failures every decade; unemployment; strikes; labor strife

Panics or recessions

1880s, 90s

More crops=lower prices; farmers want inflation and railroad regulation

Farmers’ problems

1890

To prevent combinations in restraint of trade; 1st used against striking workers—name the act

Sherman Antitrust Act

1890s, 1892

“free silver”, initiative, referendum, direct elec. of sen., rr ownership, income tax—name the “ism”

Populism

1896

Democrats ’96; Bryan, Cross of Gold; inflation to help farmers; lost this one to Republicans—name the issue

Free Silver

1896

“Separate but equal” is OK says USSC; sanctions Jim Crow; Brown(1954) reverses—name the Supreme Court case

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896

McKinley for gold standard and high tariff beats Bryan; farmers lose

Election of 1896

1850s on

Process to make steel; U.S. becomes industrial giant; Masabi Iron Ore range—name the process

Bessemer process

1880s on

Rockefeller buys out competition, controls oil industry; robber baron; trust—name the “integration”

Horizontal integration

1880s on

Carnegie controls all phases of production, from mine to finished steel—name the kind of “integration”

Vertical Integration

1886 on

Strong craft unions; more conservative; Samuel Gompers = leader 1886-1924—name the union

American Federation of Labor

1869-1890s

Early labor union; blamed for Haymarket Riot of 1886—declines thereafter

Knights of Labor

1886

Chicago; anarchist bomb; Knights of Labor blamed; labor loses—name the riot

Haymarket Riot

1892

Carnegie Steel Works; governor crushes strike with many troops; labor loses-name the strike

Homestead Strike

1894

American Railway Workers/Eugene V. Debs; U.S. troops used; labor loses—name the strike

Pullman Strike

1830s on

Name some technological improvements in industry from the 1830s on

sew mach, lights, typewriter, telephone, elevator, assembly line = rise in business

1899

Andrew Carnegie; wealthy must share money to help society—name the idea or philosophy

Gospel of Wealth

1900s

Walter Rauschenbusch; Hell’s Kitchen (NY); must help the poor; Sheldon=WWJD—name the idea or philosophy

Social Gospel

1880s

Survival of fittest applied to society; poor deserve it; savage defense of wealth—name the “ism”

Social Darwinism

1900s

African Americans, unions, socialists, Progressives, feminists, writers want change—name them in general

Social critics and dissenters

1890-1920

Jews, Italians, Croats, Greeks, Poles, Slovaks; cheap labor; nativist reaction

Immigration largely from Eastern and Southeastern Europe

1890

Jacob Riis; book on dirt, disease, vice, and misery of the rat-infested slums in NYC—name the book

How the Other Half Lives

Early 1900s

Name some City problems Slums; machine politics/corruption;

water/sewer problems; gangs/crime

1890s on

Settlement house; kids day care; English classes; cultural activities; reformist—name the woman and the name of the house she founded

Hull House = Jane Addams

1900 or so

Culture and entertainment—name some isms and forms of entertainment

Socialism, progressivism, pragmatism; baseball, football, circus, vaudeville

1890-1914

Fanatical patriotism; big-navy advocates; support Sp-Amer War and expansion—name the “ism”

Jingoism

1890s

Yellow journalism=lurid headlines/little regard for truth/circulation war/NYC—name the two newspaper publishers

Jos. Pulitzer/Will. Rand Hearst

1890

Capt. Alfred Thayer Mahan’s book prompts desire for big navy; jingoism—name the book

Influence of Sea Power Upon History

1898

Maine; Hearst/Pulitzer; free Cuba; keep Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico; empire—name the war

Spanish-American War

1898-1902

Filipino leader vs. U.S. occupation; savage war for few years; leader captured—name the leader

Aguinaldo

1898

Formed to oppose keeping Philippines; M. Twain, Sam. Gompers, And. Carnegie—name the organization

Anti-Imperialist League

1899-1900

Sect. of State John Hay: nations in China to respect Chinese terr. integrity and allow fair trade—name the policy

Open Door Policy

1904-1914

TR takes strip from Columbia and builds canal to facilitate U.S. ship movement—name the canal

Panama Canal

1904-05

TR brokers peace, wins Nobel Peace Prize—name the war

Russo- Japanese War

1904-05

TR will collect customs in Carib; keep Brit/Ger out; corollary to Monroe Doctrine

Roosevelt Corollary

1909-13

Pres. Taft promotes business investment in Latin America/Asia in lieu of force—name this kind of diplomacy

Dollar Diplomacy

1913-1921

Pres. Wilson wants to promote human rights/democracy; reflects his idealism—name this kind of diplomacy

Moral diplomacy

1900-1920

Urban middle-class for reforms: TR’s 3Cs; clean govt; welfare; democratic reforms—name the “ism”

Progressivism

1880s on

Kids learn by doing; philosophy=truth of idea=does it work in practice—name the philosopher/educator and the “ism” attached to his name

John Dewey Pragmatism

1880s on

Locals get rid of corruption in cities and install honest, capable officials—name the “League”

Good Government League

1900 on

Progressives: ini=people pass law; ref=legis. asks people; rec=get rid of officials—what are the names of these three Progressive political reforms

Initiative, Referendum, Recall

Early 1900s

McClure’s: Steffens/corruption in

cities;Tarbell/Standard Oil;Sinclair/meat-packing—what do we call these journalists/writers

Muckrakers

1906

Sinclair exposes Chicago meat-packing industry; leads to reform (Meat Insp. Act)—name the book

The Jungle

1904

Steffens exposes corruption in cities; leads to “Good Govt. Leagues” and reform—name the book

The Shame of the Cities

1904

Tarbell exposes Standard Oil abuses; Taft files antitrust; company broken up(1911)—name Tarbell’s book

History of Standard Oil Co.

1906

Prevent the contamination and mislabeling or packaging of foodstuffs—name the act

Pure Food and Drug Act

1906

Inspect and condemn bad meat; response to Sinclair’s The Jungle—name the act

Meat Inspection Act

1903

Prohibits railroad rebates—name the act Elkins Act

1906

Free passes on railroads prohibited; ICC can set rr rates on complaint of shipper—name the act

Hepburn Act

1895

Booker T. Washington accommodationist speech= blacks should work with hands—name the speech

Atlanta Compromise Speech

1890-1920

W.E.B. DuBois detests Washington; demands equality now; founds N.A.A.C.P. –name the movement

Niagara Movement

1909 on

Fights Jim Crow through legal action; Brown v. Board (1954) great victory—name the organization

N.A.A.C.P.

1920s

Black leader (NYC); back-to-Africa; economic self-sufficiency for African Amer.—name the leader

Marcus Garvey

1901-1909

To help labor but expands to 3Cs: control corps, consumer prot, conservation—what do you call T.R.’s program

T.R.’s “Square Deal

1910-1912

Growth of big business OK if checked by growth of big regulatory power in Wash.—what is the name of TR’s program here

T.R.’s New Nationalism

1910

Taft fires TR’s friend Pinchot; angers TR; splits TR from Taft; Reps lose in 1912—name the controversy

Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy

1909

Taft angers Dems and Prog Reps with this 41% tariff (helps split Republicans)—name the tariff

Payne-Aldrich Tariff

1791-1913

Name the chief source of revenue for the federal government to 1913 (after which the income tax takes over)

Customs duties (tariffs)

1912-1914

1) Tariff (lower to 27%); 2) Federal Reserve Act; 3) Clayton Act protects unions—what do you call Wilson’s program here

Wilson’s New Freedom

1914

This organization prohibits unfair trade practices; consistent with New Freedom of Wilson—name the organization

Federal Trade Commission

1913

Creates 12 banks to issue paper money and regulate economy via interest rates—name the act

Federal Reserve Act

1913-1920

Identify the Prog Era Const Amendments 16th=income tax; 17th=direct elec. senators;

18th=prohibition; 19th=women vote

1900-1920

Identify Women’s roles in this period In College; settlement houses; reform

movements; temperance/prohibition

1917

What caused the U.S. to get into World War I

Germans sank U.S. ships; British trade soars; German trade drops; U.S. pro-Brit.

1914-1917

Wilson urged this; impossible due to pro-British, anti-German attitudes and practices

Neutral in thought and action

1915

Germans pledge to not attack passenger ships without giving proper warning—name the pledge

Arabic Pledge

1916

Germans pledge to not attack passenger ships without giving proper warning-again—name the pledge

Sussex Pledge

1915

D.W. Griffith glorifies KKK in racist movie that is popular—name the movie

Birth of A Nation

1917-1918

Name the federal agency charged with organizing the economy for war; largely voluntary efforts here (compare with more coercive governmental intervention in WWII)

War Industries Board

1917-1918

WWI on the Home Front—name some domestic activities

Factories reorganized to make bombs; draft started; women go to work; farm products rise; victory gardens; blacks move to cities; food and fuel administrations promote conservation; war (savings) bonds raise money for war effort; anti-German/anti-Socialist sentiment prompts Espionage and Sedition Acts

1-8-18

Address to Congress: No secret alliances; arms reduction; league of nations—provide the name to this address

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

1918-1920

Opposed League; opposed Treaty; beat Wilson badly (cf. with U.N. after WWII)—name the senator

Senator Henry Cabot Lodge

1919

What does League Article X provide Article X says U.S. to defend member of

League if attacked; Lodge opposed

1919-1920

A.G. Palmer leads raids; anti-communist hysteria; many jailed or deported—what do we call this

Red scare

1917 on

Comment on African American Migration during and after WWI

Blacks go to jobs in North and West, creating their own communities in new areas

1921-1922

Washington Conference—name some issues Isolationist pacts; disarm navy; respect Open

Door; respect possessions in Asia

1921-1923

Name Harding scandals

Teapot Dome (oil leases for bribes: Sect. of Interior Albert Fall leases oil lands to Doheny and Sinclair); Veterans Administration head Forbes stole millions from U.S.

1921-1929

Pro-business; antitrust laws ignored; tax cuts for wealthy; high tariffs—name the two Republican presidents involved here

Harding and Coolidge

1920s

Also known as the “Roaring ‘20s”: black music migrates North; Louis Armstrong—name the “age”

Jazz Age

1920s

Langston Hughes; literary blossoming of racial pride/culture in Harlem—what do we call this phenomenon

Harlem Renaissance

1919-1933

18th Amendment says no alcohol; crime flourishes (Capone); 21st Amendment in ’33 repeals—what do we call it

Prohibition

1920s

Conservatives/Fundamentalists struggled with these trends in 1920s—name the “ism”

Modernism

1840s on

1840s/50s=anti-Irish/Ger; 1880s Chinese; 1908, 1924=Japanese; 1924=Europeans—name the “ism”

Nativism

1925

Scopes Trial—give some details

Dayton, Tennessee: John Scopes convicted of teaching evolution but Fundamentalists (Bryan) look bad

1920s

Anti-Catholic, Anti-Jew, Anti-foreign: for white Protestants; many members—name the organization

KKK

1920s

Comment on women in the 20s

Flapper=independence; vacuum cleaner, refrig=liberation; jobs=freedom

1920s

Promotes birth control as alternative to poverty and crime; she was persecuted—name her

Margaret Sanger

1920s

Fitzgerald=This Side of Paradise; Hemingway=The Sun Also Rises(booze and sex)—what name do we give to this generation

“Lost Generation”

1920s-1940s

Wash. Conf. ’21-’22; Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact ’28; Nye Report; Neutrality laws ‘35,’36,’37—name the “ism”

Isolationism

1920s-1930s

U.S. loan $ to Ger; Ger pays Brit/Fr: Brit/Fr pay loans to U.S.: mess—name the problem and the 1924 plan to solve the problem

The problem involves WWI reparations payments

The name of the 1924 plan to solve the problem is the Dawes Plan

1920s

Farm problems in 1920s—name some Overproduction=lower prices; Coolidge

vetoes farm price support laws (McNary-Haugen Farm Relief Act)

1920s

Model T revolutionizes travel; cheap; reliable; freedom—name the man and his company

Henry Ford and the Ford Motor Co

1921, 1924

Immigration Restriction—what is essential about the 1924 act

1924 Immigration Act = 2% of 1890 #s in U.S. from any nation; no Japanese

See next slide for map

1920s

Buy refrigerators, cars, vacuum cleaners, radios on credit; lower hours, higher pay—name the “ism”

Consumerism

1928

Nations renounce war as instrument of foreign policy; hollow but nice—name the pact/treaty

Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact

1920s

For blacks and women, name something that characterizes a new sense of freedom or liberation for both during the ’20s

Blacks=Harlem Renaissance; women=flapper