Chronicle science and technology 2013 test series cum self assessment paper

General Science and Science and TechnologyQue.1. Consider the following statements:

I. Carbon-14 is an Allotrope of Carbon while Diamond, Graphite, Graphene, etc. are Isotopes of Carbon.II. Allotropes are different forms of a 'compound' whereas Isotopes are different forms of an 'atom'.III. Allotropy is the property of some chemical elements to exist in two or more different forms, known as allotropes of these elements.IV. Carbon Nanobuds are one of the recently discovered Allotropes of Carbon.

Which of the above statements are false?A. IB. I and IIC. I, II and IIID. All of the aboveAns. A

Soln. Ans:aExp:Carbon-14 is not an Allotrope but an isotope of Carbon.

Que.2. Indo-French space cooperation is all set to soar to new heights with the scheduled launch of a satellite to study changes in the environment. Consider thefollowing statements regarding SARAL and identify incorrect statement/s;

I. The SARAL-Altika satellite, a joint project of the space agencies of India and France, will complement the observations of the seas made by currentsatellites.II. India's rocket, Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) will put the 450 kg Indo-French satellite into orbit from its spaceport at Sriharikota.III. SARAL is short for Satellite with ARgos and ALtiKa, the two main devices on it which have been provided by ISRO. Besides building the spacecraft, Frenchspace agency CNES will launch and operate it through its life.IV. AltiKa is a Ka-band altimeter system, dedicated to accurate measurement of the rise in sea levels.

Codes:A. Only II and IIIB. Only II and IVC. Only IIID. Only IVAns. C

Soln. Ans:cExp:SARAL is short for Satellite with ARgos and ALtiKa, the two main devices on it which have been provided by, French space agency CNES.Besides building the spacecraft ISRO will launch and operate it through its life.

Que.3. Native resolution is the resolution at which a TV or monitor is designed to display images. 720p and 1080i are the two main standards for broadcasting HDTVsignals.

I. The "i" in 1080i means it presents fast-moving action more clearly.II. The "p" in 720p means fewer video frames per second, thus it doesn't handle fast-moving video.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?A. I onlyB. II onlyC. Both

D. NoneAns. D

Soln. Ans:dExp:The definitions of "i" and "p" have been interchanged.

Que.4. Qaher-313 has made the headlines all over the world in recent time. What is Qaher-313?A. It is a short range nuclear capable missile recently tested by Pakistan.B. It is the first stealth fighter aircraft developed by Iran.C. It is a nuclear capable missile recently tested by Iran.D. It is the code name given to nuclear programme of Iran.Ans. B

Soln. Ans:bQue.5. Which of the following statements is/are NOT correct regarding the Sugar Charcoal?

I. It is the purest form of amorphous carbon.II. It is obtained when sugar is heated strongly out of contact with air.III. It can be solidified even at room temperature but under high pressure.IV. It can be converted into a liquid state, known as dry ice which is used as a mobile refrigerant.

Select the correct answer from the given codes:A. Only I and IIB. Only II and IIIC. Only II and IVD. Only III and IVAns. D

Soln. Ans:dExp:It is the purest form of amorphous carbon. It is obtained when sugar is heated strongly out of contact with air. It can be liquefied even toroom temperature but under high pressure. It can be converted into a solid state, known as dry ice which is used as a mobile refrigerant.

The industrial use of the sugar charcoal is as reducing agent. It is a very good reducing agent so it is used in the chemical industries. It is used inthe scientific laboratories and in the soap industries.

Que.6. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material that lies within the nucleus of all cells in humans and other living organisms. The information in DNA isstored as a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). DNA bio-molecules which contain geneticsequences that are not native to the organism's Genome are called as:

A. Chimeric DNAB. Mutated DNAC. Extragenic DNAD. Bio-conjugationAns. A

Soln. Ans:aQue.7. Consider the following statements and select the correct answer:

I. G-proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins involved in transmitting chemical signals originating from outside acell into the inside of the cell.

II. G-protein-coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates and animals.III. The 2012 Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work for understanding how G-protein-coupled receptorsfunction.

Codes:A. I and II only

B. II and III onlyC. I and III onlyD. All of the aboveAns. D

Soln. Ans:dQue.8. Match the following

Lunar Missions CountryA. SMART-1 I. JapanB. Luna 2 II. USAC. Hiten III. Europe D. GRAIL IV. Soviet Union

Codes:A. A-III; B-II; C-I; D-IVB. A-III; B-IV; C-I; D-IIC. A-IV; B-II; C-III; D-ID. A-IV; B-II; C-I; D-IIIAns. B

Soln. Ans:bQue.9. Nano-medicine is the medical application of nanotechnology. Consider these statements about Nano-medicine:

I. Nanotechnology has provided the possibility of delivering drugs to specific cells using nanoparticles but it has severe side-effects.II. Nanotechnology may be able to help reproduce or repair damaged tissues. "Tissue engineering" makes use of artificially stimulated cell proliferation by usingsuitable nanomaterial-based scaffolds and growth factors.III. Nanoparticles cannot be used in combination therapy for decreasing antibiotic resistance.IV. Nanonephrology is a branch of nano-medicine and nanotechnology that seeks to use nano-materials and nano-devices for the diagnosis, therapy, andmanagement of renal diseases.

Which of the statements is/are incorrect?A. Only I and IIIB. Only II and IVC. Only I and IID. Only IIIAns. A

Soln. Ans:aExp:The overall drug consumption and side-effects may be lowered significantly by using nanotechnology to deposit the active agent in themorbid region only and in no higher dose than needed. Nanoparticles can be used in combination therapy for decreasing antibiotic resistance.

Que.10. Consider the following statements:Assertion (A): The atom as a whole is electrically neutral.Reason (R): All atoms contain equal number of electrons, protons and neutrons.

Select the correct answer from the given codes:A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).B. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).C. (A) is true but (R) is false.D. (A) is false but (R) is true.Ans. C

Soln. Ans:cExp:The atom as a whole is electrically neutral because it contains equal number of electrons and protons. Hence it has equal amount ofpositive charge (protons) and negative charge (electrons). Not all atoms contain number of neutrons equal to no. of protons e.g. carbon-14atom.

Que.11. The food we eat has to be processed to generate particles which are small and of the same texture. This is achieved by crushing the food with our teeth.When we eat something we like, our mouth 'waters'. This is actually not only water, but fluid called saliva secreted by the salivary glands. The salivacontains an enzyme called -------

A. salivary proteaseB. salivary amylaseC. salivary lipaseD. pepsinAns. B

Soln. Ans:bExp:The saliva contains an enzyme called salivary amylase that breaks down starch which is a complex molecule to give sugar.

Que.12. Project Glass, a smart pair of glasses with an integrated heads-up display revealed by Google, is a:

I. Prototype for an "augmented reality" headset that would have the capabilities of a smartphone and more.II. It will include a camera, GPS functionality, and Internet connectivity, and voice-activation software.III. The operating system software used in the glasses will be Symbian OS.IV. Google Glasses will also use voice input and output.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?A. I and IIB. I, II and IVC. II, III and IVD. I onlyAns. B

Soln. Ans:bExp:The operating system software used in the glasses will be ANDROID.

Que.13. Ultrasound waves or ultrasonic waves are the terms used to describe elastic waves with frequency greater than 20,000 Hz. Consider the followingstatements related to ultrasound waves.

I. It propagates through the medium (liquid and gaseous only) in a finite time as a mechanical sound wave by the vibrations of molecules, atoms or anyparticles present.II. The speed of propagation depends upon their frequencies.III. They cannot be transmitted over long distance as loss of energy is very high.

Which of the above statements correctly defines the characteristics of ultrasound waves?A. I onlyB. II onlyC. II and IIID. I and IIIAns. B

Soln. Ans:bExp:It propagates through the medium (liquid, solid and gaseous). They can be transmitted over long distance without any appreciable loss ofenergy.

Que.14. A carbon sink is a natural or artificial reservoir that accumulates and stores some carbon-containing chemical compounds for an indefinite period. Whichamong the following are examples of natural carbon sinks?

I. Absorption of carbon dioxide by the oceans via physicochemical and biological processes.II. Photosynthesis by terrestrial plants.III. Landfills.IV. Carbon capture and storage.

Codes:A. I and IIB. I, II and IIIC. I, II and IVD. All of the aboveAns. A

Soln. Ans: aExp: Options I and II are examples of natural carbon sinks. Landfill site (also known as tip, dump, rubbish dump or dumping ground andhistorically as a midden) is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial and is the oldest form of waste treatment by public bodies such asmunicipalities. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) (or Carbon capture and sequestration), is the process of capturing waste carbon dioxide(CO2)from large point sources, such as fossil fuel power plants, transporting it to a storage site, and depositing it where it will not enter atmosphere,normally an underground geological formation. Both Landfills and CCS are examples of artificial carbon sinks. So the correct answer is (a).

Que.15. Consider these statements regarding Current Uses of Biotechnology in Agriculture and select the correct statements:

I. Herbicide tolerance allows crops to withstand otherwise lethal doses of herbicides, which are chemicals that kill plants. The current set of commerciallyavailable herbicide-tolerant crops is tolerant to three herbicides based on three active ingredients: bromoxynil, glyphosate, and glufosinate.II. All of the commercially available insect-tolerant plants contain a version of the toxin Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which is found in nature in soil bacteria. Bttoxins are highly toxic to mammals and most other nontarget organisms but not to pest organisms, like beetles and moth larva.III. A major concern among farmers and environmentalists is that wide use of Bt crops will lead to the rapid development (over the course of perhaps as fewas three to five years) of resistance to the toxin. If resistance develops, the Bt toxin will be useless as a pesticide. In this case, the environmental benefitsof the product will be short lived.

Codes:A. Only I and IIB. Only II and IIIC. Only I and IIID. AllAns. C

Soln. Ans:cExp: Bt toxins are highly toxic to many pest organisms, like beetles and moth larva, but not to mammals and most other nontarget organisms.

Que.16. A satellite navigation system is a system of satellites that provides autonomous geo-spatial positioning with global coverage. It allows small electronicreceivers to determine their location (longitude, latitude, and altitude) to within a precision of few metres, all over the globe. Which of the following pairs arematched correctly with respect to navigation systems having global coverage and respective countries?

I. Global Positioning System (GPS) - USA.II. Galileo - European Union.III. BeiDou Navigation Satellite System - Japan.IV. Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS) - China.V. GPS aided geo augmented navigation system (GAGAN) - India.

Codes:A. I, III and IVB. I and II

C. I, II and VD. All of the aboveAns. B

Soln. Ans:bExp:GPS and Galileo are geo-spatial positioning systems with global coverage by the USA and the European Union respectively. BeiDouNavigation Satellite System is being developed by China, not by Japan, and secondly it has regional coverage rather than global coverage.Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS) is being developed by Japan and this too has regional rather than global coverage. TheGAGAN though is being developed by India, but it doesn't have global coverage. So, the correct answer is (b).

Que.17. Curiosity, a robotic rover exploring Gale Crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission (MSL) was launched from Cape Canaveral onNovember 26, 2011. The rover's goals include: investigation of the Martian climate and geology; assessment of whether the selected field site inside GaleCrater has ever offered environmental conditions favourable for microbial life, etc. The Elemental composition of minerals to be detected in samples collectedby curiosity will be evaluated by

A. RAD (Radiation assessment detector)B. Chemcam (Chemistry and camera complex)C. REMS (Rover environmental Monitoring Station)D. Alpha particles X-ray spectrometer (APSX)Ans. D

Soln. Ans:dQue.18. Lithium-ion batteries are nowadays very popular in iPods, laptops, cellphones. The advantages of Lithium-ion batteries over other batteries are:

I. The rate of self-discharge is much lower than that of other rechargeable cells such as Ni-Cad and NiMH forms.II. "Memory effect" is almost nil in Lithium-ion batteries.III. The energy density is very high as compared to other batteries.

Which of the above statements are incorrect?A. Only IB. Only I and IIIC. Only II and IIID. None of the above

Ans. D

Soln. Ans:dQue.19. Consider the following statements and select the correct answer:

I. Comet is a small Solar System body (SSSB) composed of loose collections of ice, dust, and small rocky particles.II. Comet displays a visible coma and a tail due to the effects of solar radiation and solar wind. III. Comets can be distinguished from asteroids on the basis of their orbital periods ranging from a few years to thousands of years.

Codes:A. I, II onlyB. II, III onlyC. I, III onlyD. AllAns. A

Soln. Ans:aExp:Comets are distinguished from asteroids by the presence of a coma or a tail.

Que.20. What is Surface Computing?

A. Surface computing is the ability to use computing capability without a pre-defined location and/or connection to a network to publish and/or subscribe toinformation.

B. Surface computing allows people to interact with content and information by using their hands and natural movements.C. Surface computing is a practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server.D. Surface computing is term used in computer science to refer the problem in computer science whose solution is not predictable, uncertain and between 0 and 1.Ans. B

Soln. Ans:bQue.21. Match the following:

Explosive Chemicals PropertyA. Nitroglycerin 1. A highly unstable and sensitive liquidB. Acetone peroxide 2. Very unstable white organic peroxide.C. TNT 3. Yellow insensitive crystals that can be melted and cast without detonation.D. C-4 (or 4. An RDX plastic explosive plasticized toComposition C-4) be adhesive and malleable.

Codes:

A B C DA. 1 2 3 4B. 2 1 4 3C. 2 1 3 4D. 1 2 4 3Ans. A

Soln. Ans:a

Que.22. India's Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) has become a member of the Multinational Design Evaluation Program (MDEP). Read the following statementsrelated to MDEP and choose the correct answer from the codes given below.

I. MDEP is a program through which national regulators share technical data and standardize regulations and practices in order to avoid duplication of workand review new nuclear power reactor designs.II. Participating nations are Canada, China, France, Russia, the UK and the USA only.III. All licensing and regulatory decisions are taken by MDEP and national regulators are bonded by the order.

Codes:A. I onlyB. II and IIIC. I and IIID. I and IIAns. A

Soln. Ans:aExp: Participating nations are Canada, China, Finland, France, India, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation, South Africa, theUnited Kingdom, and the United States. A key concept throughout the work of MDEP is that national regulators retain sovereign authority for alllicensing and regulatory decisions.

Que.23. Consider the following statements:

I. A tactical nuclear weapon is one that would directly affect situations on a battlefield. It would be a small nuclear weapon used directly on troops, tanks orships during a battle, whereas a strategic nuclear weapon is a large nuclear weapon that would be used to destroy a city, a war production centre etc.,rather than on the battlefield.II. The bombing of Nagasaki was an example of strategic use of nuclear weapon, because it was a centre for war production. Bombing of Nagasaki decimatedJapan's capacity to fight any longer.

Which of these statements are false?A. I onlyB. II onlyC. Both I and IID. Neither I nor IIAns. D

Soln. Ans:dExp: Both these statements are true. A tactical nuclear weapon (or TNW) refers to a nuclear weapon which is designed to be used on abattlefield in military situations. This is opposed to strategic nuclear weapons which are designed to menace large populations, to damage theenemy's ability to wage war, or for general deterrence. Tactical nuclear weapons were a large part of the peak nuclear weapons stockpile levelsduring the Cold War.


Assertion (A): An OLED (organic light-emitting diode) is a light-emitting diode (LED) in which the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organiccompound which emits light in response to an electric current. This layer of organic semiconductor is situated between two electrodes.Reason (R): Conductive properties of organic materials have been known for the last 150 years, but their commercial use is of recent origin.

Select the correct answer from the given codes:A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).B. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).C. (A) is true but (R) is false.D. (A) is false but (R) is true.Ans. B

Soln. Ans:b

Exp:Both the statements are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. In 1862, British Scientist Henry Letheby obtained a partlyconductive material by anodic oxidation of aniline in sulfuric acid. The material was polyaniline. So it is true that the conductive properties ofOrganic materials are known for over 150 years.


Assertion (A): Gasoline is a transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in internal combustion engines. It consists mostly of organiccompounds obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum, enhanced with a variety of additives.Reason (R): Gasoline is more volatile than diesel oil, Jet-A, or kerosene, not only because of the base constituents, but also because of additives. Volatilityis often controlled by blending with butane, which boils at 0.5 C.


Soln. Ans:bExp:The first statement gives a general definition of Gasoline while the other statement presents a property of Gasoline. Other properties ofGasoline are Octane rating, Stability, Energy content, etc.

Que.26. Consider the following statements and select the correct answer:

I. Participation of Youth in Real-Time Observation to Benefit Education (PROBE) is a programme launched by the Ministry of Human Resource Development.II. The primary objective of PROBE is to train students at school level (classes IX, X and XI) in taking meteorological observations for understanding day-to-day environment, including weather.III. It has been initiated in the States of Uttarakhand, Tamil Nadu, National Capital Region of Delhi, Orissa and North-East only.

Codes:A. I, II onlyB. II, III onlyC. I, III onlyD. AllAns. B

Soln. Ans:bExp:Department of Science & Technology (DST) under Ministry of Science & Technology has launched the programme PROBE.

Que.27. In the recent Delhi gang rape c ase the Juvenile Justice Board rejected the bone ossification test for age determination. In this context consider the followingstatements about bone ossification and select the correct answer:

I. Ossification is the process of formation of new bone by cells called osteoblasts.II. There are two types of ossification- Intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification.III. As per ossification test, by the age of 18 years nearly all bones are completely ossified in humans.

Codes:A. I and II onlyB. II and III onlyC. I and III onlyD. AllAns. A

Soln. Ans:aExp:As per test, by the age of 25 years nearly all bones are completely ossified in humans. Ossification test is based on the fusion of joints inthe human body between birth and age 25. If all joints are fused the person must be of 25yrs of age or older.

Que.28. Recently CE- 20 was in news. What is CE-20?

A. The CE-20 is a cryogenic rocket engine being developed by India. The CE-20 engine is being developed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre, a subsidiary ofISRO.

B. The CE-20 is a vaccine to treat pulmonary diseases and it is developed by Indian Institute for Communicable diseases.C. The CE-20 is a robot to be sent with Chandrayan 2 and it is developed by ISRO.D. The CE-20 is gene therapy that will greatly reduce Parkinson related disorders in elderly persons.Ans. A

Soln. Ans:aQue.29. UN talks in Geneva have yielded a global treaty that controls the use of mercury, with the objective of reducing the amount of the toxic metal released into

the environment. Delegates from more than 140 countries agreed on limits of the supply of and trade in mercury, and the use of the substance in productsand industrial processes.Consider these statements regarding mercury:

I. Natural sources, such as volcanoes, are responsible for approximately half of atmospheric mercury emissions.II. A serious industrial disaster was the dumping of mercury compounds into Minamata Bay, Japan. It is estimated that over 3,000 people suffered variousdeformities, severe mercury poisoning symptoms or death from what became known as Minamata disease.III. Case control studies have shown effects such as tremors, impaired cognitive skills, and sleep disturbance in workers with chronic exposure to mercuryvapour even at low concentrations.IV. The World Health Organization, OSHA, and NIOSH do not treat mercury as an occupational hazard, and have not established any specific occupationalexposure limits.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?A. Only I, II and IIIB. Only II, III and IVC. Only I, II and IVD. AllAns. A

Soln. Ans:aExp:The World Health Organization, OSHA, and NIOSH all treat mercury as an occupational hazard, and have established specific occupationalexposure limits.

Que.30. Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is a suite of standard network layer protocols for the Internet. The salient characteristics of IPV6 are:

I. IPv6 has 132-bit (16-byte) source and destination addresses.II. It provides better support for QoS.III. It provides an in-built security and promotes interoperability between different IPv6 implementations.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?A. I onlyB. I and IIC. II and IIID. AllAns. C

Soln. Ans:c

Exp: IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses.Que.31. Consider the following statements

I. In 2012 David J.Wineland and Serge Haroche won the Nobel Prize in Physics for developing ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuringand manipulation of individual quantum systems.II. John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent.

Which of the above statements are true?A. I onlyB. II onlyC. None of the aboveD. All of the aboveAns. D

Soln. Ans:dQue.32. Consider the following statements:

I. Nishant is an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) developed by ADE (Aeronautical Development Establishment) of the DRDO.II. Rustom is a lightweight multirole fighter aircraft developed by DRDO.III. Tejas is a Medium Altitude Long Endurance unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV) being developed by DRDO.IV. Ulka is an air-launched expendable target drone developed by DRDO.

Which of the above statements are true?

A. I and III onlyB. I, II and IVC. I and IV onlyD. II, III and IVAns. C

Soln. Ans:cExp:Nishant is an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) developed by DRDO, Rustom is a Medium Altitude Long Endurance unmanned combat airvehicle (UCAV) developed by DRDO, Tejas is a lightweight multirole fighter developed by HAL, Ulka is an air-launched expendable target dronedeveloped by DRDO. So the statements I and IV are true.

Que.33. The far side of the Moon, sometimes called the "dark side of the Moon", is the lunar hemisphere that is permanently turned away, and not visible from thesurface of the Earth. Consider the following statements.

I. Tidal forces from Earth have slowed down the moon's rotation so that the same side is always facing the Earth, a phenomenon called tidal locking. Theother face, most of which is never visible from the Earth, is therefore called the "far side of the Moon".II. The far side of the Moon, because it is permanently turned away from the Earth, never gets illuminated, and thus always remains dark.III. Because the far side of the Moon is shielded from radio transmissions from the Earth, it is considered a good location for placing radio telescopes for useby astronomers.

Which of the above statements are true?A. I and II onlyB. I and III onlyC. II and III onlyD. I, II and IIIAns. B

Soln. Ans:bExp:The far side of the Moon is turned away from Earth permanently, but it does get illuminated by the sun, so it's not that it always remainsdark.

Que.34. Shale gas is a natural gas formed from vegetation being trapped within shale formations. Shale gas has become an increasingly important source of naturalgas since the start of this century. Which among these statements regarding Shale gas are true?

I. Production of shale gas increased considerably after technological advances in directional and horizontal drilling, microseismic imaging, and hydraulicfracturing.II. The greenhouse effect of Shale gas is minimal when compared to other petroleum resources, thus making it a clean source of energy.III. Shale gas is believed to change the energy dynamics of the world as it will reduce the dependence on the middle eastern petroleum resources.

Codes:A. I onlyB. II onlyC. I and IIID. II and IIIAns. C

Soln. Ans:cExp:The greenhouse effects of Shale gas is a debatable issue and recent studies indicate that its impact on climate could be much worse thanpreviously thought.

Que.35. Litmus solution is a purple dye and is commonly used as an indicator, which is extracted from lichen, a plant belonging to the division---------A. ThallophytaB. BryophytaC. PteridophytaD. EuglenophytaAns. A

Soln. Ans:aExp:Lichens are composite organisms consisting of a fungus (the mycobiont) and a photosynthetic partner (the photobiont or phycobiont)growing together in a symbiotic relationship. The photobiont is usually either a green alga or cyanobacterium. They are grouped in the divisionThallophyta.

Que.36. Consider the following statements regarding the rainbow:

I. A rainbow is caused by dispersion of sunlight by tiny water droplets, present in the atmosphere.II. A rainbow is always formed in a direction opposite to that of the Sun.III. Due to the dispersion of light and total internal refraction, different colours reach the observer's eye.

Select the correct answer from below:A. Only I and II are correctB. Only I and III are correctC. Only II and III are correctD. All I, II and III are correctAns. A

Soln. Ans:aExp:A rainbow is a natural spectrum appearing in the sky after a rain shower. It is caused by dispersion of sunlight by tiny water droplets,

present in the atmosphere. A rainbow is always formed in a direction opposite to that of the Sun. The water droplets act like small prisms. Theyrefract and disperse the incident sunlight, then reflect it internally, and finally refract it again when it comes out of the raindrop. Due to thedispersion of light and total internal reflection (not refraction), different colours reach the observer's eye.

Que.37. Read the following statements relating to pulsar stars.

I. A pulsar is a highly magnetized, rotating neutron star that emits a beam of electromagnetic radiation.II. These are very dense stars composed almost entirely of neutrons and have a diameter of only 20 km (12 miles) or less.III. It emit only at X- or gamma-ray wavelengths.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?A. Only I and IIB. Only IIC. Only I and IIID. AllAns. A

Soln. Ans:aExp: Pulsar star give off short rhythmic bursts of visible light, X-rays,and gamma radiation as well, and others emit only at X- or gamma-ray wavelengths.

Que.38. A quantum dot display is a type of display technology used in flat panel displays as an electronic visual display. Quantum dots (QD) or semiconductornanocrystals are a form of light emitting technology and consist of nano-scale crystals that can provide an alternative for applications such as displaytechnology. Which of the statements about QD displays are true?

I. Quantum dot displays are able to yield a greater portion of the visible spectrum than current technologies, thus enlarging the colour range of the display.II. Quantum dot displays use 30 to 50% less electrical power than an LCD, in large part because nanocrystal displays don't need a backlight.III. Compared to LCD and OLED, the manufacturing cost of QD-LED is relatively low and development of novel and even more cost-efficient fabricationprocess is possible, effectively bringing the cost even lower.

Codes:A. I and IIB. II and IIIC. I and IIID. All of the aboveAns. A

Soln. Ans:aExp: Statement I and II are true, but as of now the manufacturing cost of QD-LED as compared to LCD and OLED is high. So the commercialproduction of QD-LED is still to come. So, statement III is false.

Que.39. Biopesticides include several types of pest management interventions that utilize biological organisms. Which of the following statements regardingbiopesticides is true?

I. Insect pheromones and other semiochemicals are considered as naturally produced biopesticides.II. Naturally occurring minerals such as baking soda may also have pesticidal applications.

Codes:A. I onlyB. II onlyC. Both I and IID. Neither I nor IIAns. C

Soln. Ans:cQue.40. Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) is a planned ground-based large segmented mirror reflecting telescope, which will enable astronomers to study objects in our

own solar system and stars throughout our Milky Way and its neighboring galaxies, and forming galaxies at the very edge of the observable Universe. TheBoard of Directors of the TMT Observatory Corporation has selected which of the following as the preferred site for the Thirty Meter Telescope?

A. Cerro Armazones in Chile.B. Mauna Kea in Hawaii.C. San Pedro Mrtir, Mexico.D. Cerro Tolar, Chile.Ans. B

Soln. Ans:bQue.41. As defined by IUPAC, rare earth elements ("REEs") or rare earth metals are a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen

lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium. Which of the following statements about rare earth elements are true?

I. Rare earth elements are increasingly becoming a critical strategic resource. The 17 elements can be found in most high-tech gadgets, from advancedmilitary technology to mobile phones.II. Brazil and Canada currently hold claim to over 90 percent of the world's production of rare earth elements.III. The name, rare earth metal, is a misnomer. The metals are, in fact, far more abundant than many precious minerals. Yet their distribution is muchdispersed, thus extracting them becomes economically unviable in most cases.

Codes:A. I and IIB. II and IIIC. I and IIID. All of the aboveAns. C

Soln. Ans:cExp:It is China alone that currently produces close to 90% of rare earth elements. Besides production, China has the largest known reserves ofrare earth elements as well, followed by USA and India. So statement II is false.


I. Electric fuse is an important component of all domestic circuits. II. The fuse is connected in parallel with the source of electric power. III. Electric fuse consists of a piece of wire made of a metal or an alloy of high melting point.

Which of the above statements is/are false?A. Only I and IIB. Only I and IIIC. Only II and IIID. All I, II and IIIAns. C

Soln. Ans:cExp:Electric fuse protects electric circuits and appliances by stopping the flow of any unduly high electric current. The fuse is placed in serieswith the device. It consists of a piece of wire made of a metal or an alloy of appropriately low melting point, for example aluminium, copper,iron, lead etc. If a current larger than the specified value flows through the circuit, the temperature of the fuse wire increases. This melts thefuse wire and breaks the circuit.

Que.43. Recently WHO has instructed member countries, under the international health regulations, against screening of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)virus at point of entry, including in India. Consider the following statements about SARS and select the correct answer.

I. It is a serious form of pneumonia caused by a member of the coronavirus family of viruses so it is also called SARS-CoV.II. Symptoms of SARS include fever, muscle pain, headache, diarrhea, sore throat, malaise, dry cough, shortness of breath, and an upper respiratory tractinfection.III. SARS virus infects only humans through sneeze, cough, etc. IV. There is no cure or preventive vaccine available currently and the treatment is only supportive in SARS.

Codes:A. I, II, III onlyB. I, II onlyC. I II, IV onlyD. AllAns. C

Soln. Ans:cExp:It infects both humans and animals (livestock, birds, etc.)

Que.44. Arrange the substances in decreasing order of their REFRACTIVE INDEX.A. Diamond > water > ice > airB. Ice > diamond > water > airC. Air > water > ice > diamondD. Carbon dioxide > hydrogen > air > heliumAns. A

Soln. Ans:aQue.45. Assertion (A): Neuro- electronic interfacing is a technique dealing with the construction of nano-devices that will permit computers to be joined & linked to

Nervous system.Reason (R): The computers will be able to interpret, register and respond to signals the body gives off when it feels the sensation.

Select the correct answer from the given codes:A. Both (A) and (R) statements are true but statement (R) is not the correct explanation of statement (A).B. Both (A) and (R) statements are true and statement (R) is the correct explanation of statement (A).C. Statement (A) is correct but statement (R) is wrong.D. Statement (R) is correct but statement (A) is wrong.Ans. A

Soln. Ans:aQue.46. Match the following pairs:

Common Name Chemical NameA. Antifreeze I. Ethylene glycol B. Aspirin II. Acetylsalicylic acid C. Slaked lime III. Calcium hydroxideD. Rochelle salt IV. Potassium sodium tartrate

Select the correct code from below:A. A-I; B-III; C-II; D-IVB. A-II;B-IV; C-I; D-IIIC. A-IV; B-I; C-III; D-IID. A-I; B-II; C-III; D-IVAns. D

Soln. Ans:dQue.47. Consider the following statements and select the correct answer:

I. Gunpowder also called black powder was the first chemical explosive and the only one known until the mid-1800s.II. It is a mixture of sulpher, charcoal, and potassium nitrate (saltpeter).III. In gunpowder sulpher and Charcoal act as fuels, while the saltpeter works as an oxidizer.IV. It is used as Propellant in firearms and as a pyrotechnic composition in fireworks.

Codes:A. I, II, III onlyB. II, III, IV onlyC. I III, IV onlyD. AllAns. D

Soln. Ans:dQue.48. Match the following:

1. RFID (i) use of wireless non-contact electromagnetic fields to transfer data from a tag attached to an object.2. NFC (ii) latest feature of smart phones which helps to establish radio communication between similar devices to transfer data without connecting through a physical cord.3. Google wallet (iii) a self sustaining process that proceeds without external help.

4. Boot strapping (iv) allows consumers to store credit card information in a virtual wallet and can be used for transaction.

Codes:A. 1 - (i), 2 - (ii), 3 - (iii), 4 - (iv)B. 1 - (ii), 2 - (i), 3 - (iii), 4 - (iv)C. 1 - (i), 2 - (ii), 3 - (iv), 4 - (iii)D. 1 - (iv), 2 - (i), 3 - (ii), 4 - (iii)Ans. C

Soln. Ans:cQue.49. Consider the following statements and select the correct answer:

I. Black silicon is a semiconductor material, with very low reflectivity and high absorption of visible light.II. Black silicon is produced by irradiating standard silicon with femtosecond laser pulses under a sulpher containing atmosphere.III. Black silicon solar cells can absorb nearly all of the sunlight that hits them, including infrared radiation and produce twice the electricity of regular solarpanels.

Codes:A. I, II, onlyB. II, III, only

C. I, III only

D. AllAns. D

Soln. Ans:dQue.50. A quantum computer is a computation device that uses quantum mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform operations on

data. Quantum computers require data to be encoded in form ofA. bitsB. qubitsC. 0 or 1D. Both (a) & (c)Ans. B

Soln. Ans:bQue.51. Match the following:

Scientist FieldA. Ashoke Sen 1. String theoryB. Jayant Narlikar 2. AstrophysicsC. K. N. Kaul 3. BotanyD. Manilal Bhaumik 4. Laser therapy

Codes:

A B C DA. 1 2 3 4B. 1 2 4 3C. 3 4 1 2D. 3 4 2 1Ans. A

Soln. Ans:aQue.52. Consider the following statements

I. The PSLVs are a class of satellite launch vehicle that launch a satellite in the geostationary orbit.II. India has mastered the operation of launching satellites in the geostationary orbit with the indigenously developed PSLV, which is an expendable launchvehicle.III. India's Moon mission, the Chandrayaan-1, was carried by the PSLV-XL.

Which of these statements are false?A. I onlyB. I and II onlyC. II and III onlyD. NoneAns. B

Soln. Ans:bExp:It is the GSLVs, and not the PSLVs that are used to launch satellites in the geostationary orbit, PSLVs are used to launch satellites in the sunsynchronous orbit. India is still to achieve complete mastery over the technology to launch satellites in the geostationary orbit.

Que.53. Open source software (OSS) is computer software with its source code made available and licensed with an open source license in which the copyrightholder provides the right to study, change and distribute the software to anyone and for any purpose. Which among the following statements regarding opensource software are true?

I. GNU/Linux, Mozilla Firefox, Apache HTTP Server, Android etc. are examples of open source software.II. In general, open source software is compact, and as a result requires less hardware power to accomplish the same tasks as compared toclosed/proprietary software, thus bringing down the cost of hardware power required.

Codes:A. I onlyB. II onlyC. Both of the aboveD. None of the aboveAns. C

Soln. Ans:cQue.54. Assertion (A): Virtual reality is a term that applies to computers - simulated environments that can simulate physical presence in places in real world, as well

as in imaginary world.Reasoning (R): Virtual reality enables heritage sites to be recreated extremely accurately, so that recreations can be published in various media.

Codes:A. Both statements are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).B. Both statements are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).C. (A) is true but (R) is wrong.D. (R) is true but (A) is wrong.Ans. A

Soln. Ans:aQue.55. Consider the following:

I. The head of a hammer can be tightened onto the wooden handle by banging the bottom of the handle against a hard surface.II. Blood rushes from our head to our feet while quickly stopping when riding on a descending elevator.

Which of the following laws is related to the above given examples?A. Newton's First LawB. Newton's Second LawC. Newton's Third LawD. Archimede's principleAns. A

Soln. Ans:aExp: Newton's first law of motion is often stated as 'An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speedand in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.' There are two parts to this statement - one that predicts the behavior ofstationary objects and the other that predicts the behavior of moving objects. The behavior of all objects can be described by saying thatobjects tend to "keep on doing what they are doing" (unless acted upon by an unbalanced force).

Que.56. Assertion (A): A wired glove is an input device for human-computer interaction worn like a glove. Various sensor technologies are used to capture physicaldata such as bending of fingers.Reasoning (R): Wired gloves are often used in virtual reality environments.

Codes:A. Both statements are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).

B. Both statements are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).C. (A) is true but (R) is wrong.D. (R) is true but (A) is wrong.Ans. A

Soln. Ans:aQue.57. Consider the following statements about Glaucoma and select the correct answer:

I. Glaucoma is an eye disease in which the optic nerve is damaged in a characteristic pattern.II. Glaucoma is of two types, "open-angle" and "closed-angle" glaucoma and in which angle refers to the area between the iris and cornea, through whichfluid must flow. III. Closed-angle glaucoma can appear suddenly and is often painful and visual loss can progress quickly.IV. Open-angle glaucoma tends to progress at a slower rate and it is most common form of glaucoma.

Codes:A. I, II, III onlyB. II, III, IV onlyC. I III, IV onlyD. AllAns. D

Soln. Ans:dQue.58. The advent of HDTV, DTV, SDTV, DVD, and other new media have created a demand for larger, higher-resolution displays. New plasma display technologies

demonstrate inherent engineering advantages over conventional CRTs (Cathode Ray Tubes) and LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) panels. Consider the followingadvantages of Plasma Display over CRT:

I. The CRT can have areas that are brighter and areas that are darker than others whereas the plasma panel is perfectly evenly illuminated - no dark or hotspots.II. Plasma display provides 160 degrees of viewing angle which allows a huge amount of people to enjoy the same image quality from a variety of locations inthe same room.III. The plasma panel is not affected by magnetic field.

Which of the above statements are true?A. Only IB. I and IIIC. I and IID. AllAns. D

Soln. Ans:dQue.59. In the context of recent outbreaks of Swine flu consider the following statements and select the correct answer?

I. Swine influenza, also called, swine flu, hog flu and pig flu, is a respiratory disease, caused by a strain of the influenza type A virus known as H1N1.II. Symptoms of Swine flu include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue.III. Swine influenza A (H1N1) virus has components of pig and bird influenza viruses thus the transmission of the virus from pigs to humans is most commonand always leads to human flu.

Codes:A. I, II onlyB. II, III onlyC. I, III onlyD. All

Ans. A

Soln. Ans:aExp: Transmission of the virus from pigs to humans is not common and does not always lead to human flu, often resulting only in the productionof antibodies in the blood. If transmission does cause human flu, it is called zoonotic swine flu. New swine flu virus that has changed in ways,allows it to spread from person to person -- among people who haven't had any contact with pigs.


I. Ethanol is commonly called acetic acid and belongs to a group of acids called carboxylic acids. II. E85, a blend of 15% ethanol and 85% gasoline, can be used in flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs), which are specially designed to run on gasoline and ethanol.III. The melting point of pure ethanoic acid is 290 K and hence it often freezes during winter in cold climates. This gave rise to its name glacial acetic acid.

Select the correct answer from codes below:A. Only I and III are correctB. Only I and II are not correctC. Only II and III are correctD. All I, II and III are not correctAns. B

Soln. Ans:bExp:Ethanol also called ethyl alcohol is a votatile flammable, colourless liquid. E85 is a blend of 85% ethanol & 15% gasoline which can be usedin Flexible Fuel Vehicle (FFVs).

Que.61. The eye lens is composed of a fibrous, jelly-like material. Its curvature can be modified to some extent by the ciliary muscles. The change in the curvatureof the eye lens can thus change its focal length. When the muscles are relaxed,

I. The lens becomes thin.II. Focal length decreases.

Select the correct answer from below:A. Only I is correctB. Only II is correctC. Both I and II are correctD. Neither I nor II is correctAns. A

Soln. Ans:aExp: When the muscles are relaxed, the lens becomes thin and its focal length increases. This enables us to see distant objects clearly. When,we are looking at objects closer to the eye, the ciliary muscles contract. This increases the curvature of the eye lens. The eye lens thenbecomes thicker. Consequently, the focal length of the eye lens decreases. This enables us to see nearby objects clearly.

Que.62. Consider these statements about Integrated chips:

I. An integrated circuit (IC) is an entire electrical circuit with numerous transistors, wires, and other electrical devices all built into a single square ofsemiconductor such as silicon, germanium, antimony, etc.II. Wafer-scale integration (WSI) is a system of building very-large integrated circuits that uses an entire silicon wafer to produce a single "super-chip". III. The cost of ICs over discrete circuits are low because the chips, with all their components, are printed as a unit by photolithography rather than being

constructed with one transistor at a time.

Codes:A. Only I & III are correct

B. Only II & III are correctC. Only I & II are correctD. All are correct.Ans. B

Soln. Ans:bExp:An integrated circuit is an electronic circuit with numerous transistors. Antimony is not a semi conductor.

Que.63. An antique wall clock is controlled by swing of calamine brass. It shows correct time at 25C. If the temperature drops to 10C, how would it affect theclock timings?

A. Clock will run slow.B. Clock will run fast.C. The clock will run at the same speed.D. Cannot be determined.Ans. A

Soln. Ans:bExp:lower the temperature- shorter will be the pendulum - faster will be the speed of pendulum.


I. The orbits of spacecrafts in low Earth orbit (LEO), when they rotate around the Earth, decay to lower and lower altitudes due to the resistance from thefriction between the spacecraft's surface and the outer layer of the Earth's atmosphere. Eventually, a spacecraft's orbit will decay so much that it will fallout of orbit and crash into the Earth's surface. II. Many spacecrafts launched in the past couple of decades have the ability to fire a small rocket to increase the altitude to compensate for the decay andextend the lifetime in space, to re-enter the atmosphere and crash into the ocean, or change the orbit to avoid collision with other spacecrafts.

Which of the above statements are true?A. I onlyB. II onlyC. Both I and IID. None of the aboveAns. C

Soln. Ans:cQue.65. The EPR or the European Pressurized Reactor has been designed and developed in France and Germany. Which among the following statements about EPR

are false?

I. The EPR is of third generation pressurized water reactor (PWR) design.II. In 2009, the NPCIL of India Signed MOU with Areva to set up two 1650 MWe reactors at Jaitapur in Maharashtra.III. The EPR is considered to be the safest nuclear reactor design till date.

Codes:A. I onlyB. I and IIIC. I, II and IIID. None of the aboveAns. D

Soln. Ans:dQue.66. Brain Fingerprinting is a forensic science technique to determine whether specific information is stored in a subject's brain. Which among the following

statements are true regarding Brain Fingerprinting?

(i) It does this by measuring electrical brainwave responses to words, phrases, or pictures that are presented on a computer screen.(ii) The technique of Brain Fingerprinting is controversial, because some people consider it unethical and invasive to electrically probe human thoughts andfeelings.

Codes:A. I onlyB. II onlyC. Both of the aboveD. None of the aboveAns. C

Soln. Ans:cQue.67. Stem cells are biological cells found in all multi cellular organisms, that can divide (through mitosis) and differentiate into diverse specialized cell types and

can self-renew to produce more stem cells. Which among the following statements regarding stem cells is false?

I. In mammals, there are two broad types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, which are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stemcells, that are undifferentiated cells, found throughout the body after development, that multiply by cell division to replenish dying cells and regeneratedamaged tissues.II. Bone marrow has been found to be one of the rich sources of adult stem cells which have been used in treating several conditions including Spinal cordinjury, Liver Cirrhosis, Chronic Limb Ischemia and End stage heart failure.III. The bone marrow stem cell quantity has been found to be declining with age. IV. In reproductive age group of females the bone marrow stem cell quantity is relatively more than in males of same age group.

Codes:A. I onlyB. II onlyC. III onlyD. IV onlyAns. D

Soln. Ans:dExp:In reproductive age group of females the bone marrow stem cell quantity is actually relatively lesser than in males of same age group, sothe statement (iv) is false. The correct answer is (d).

Que.68. Three spheres of same radius made up of copper, steel and aluminum respectively are dropped in a water tank. They all sink. On which sphere the buoyantforce is the greatest? ( density of copper > density of iron > density of aluminum)

A. CopperB. SteelC. AluminumD. Same on all spheresAns. D

Soln. Ans:dExp:Same size thus same buoyant force.

Que.69. Assertion (A): The standard model of particle physics is a theory concerning the electromagnetic, weak and strong nuclear interactions, which mediate thedynamics of known subat particles.Reasoning (R): Discovery of Higgs boson will help us to understand standard model of particle physics better.


Soln. Ans:bQue.70. Vitamins are organic food substances found only in living things, i.e. plants and animals. They are essential for human bodies to function properly, for growth,

energy and for our general well-being. Match the following Vitamins in list I with their correct benefits to the human body in list II.

List-I (Vitamins) List- II (Benefits)A. Beta Carotene I. helps the body turn food into energB. Ascorbic Acid II. promotes a healthy immune systemC. Riboflavin III. form collagen, a tissue that helps to hold cells togetherD. Niacin IV. Aids in reproduction and cell regeneration

Codes:

A. A-I; B-III; C-II; D-IVB. A-II; B-III; C-IV; D-IC. A-I; B-IV; C-II; D-IIID. A-II; B-IV; C-III; D-IAns. BSoln. Ans:bQue.71. Water that contains mineral salts such as calcium and magnesium ions, limit the formation of lather with soap is called hard water. Read the following

statements regarding the hardness of water:

I. The water dissolves carbon di oxide from air which converts the carbonates of calcium and magnesium into bicarbonates thus causes hardness of water.II. Temporary hardness is due to presence of chlorides & sulfates of dissolved calcium, magnesium and other heavy metals whereas Permanent hardness iscaused by the presence of dissolved bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium.III. The hardness is expressed in terms of equivalent calcium sulphate.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?A. Only IB. Only IIC. I and IID. I and IIIAns. A

Soln. Ans:aExp:Temporary hardness is caused by the presence of dissolved bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium whereas Permanent hardness is dueto presence of chlorides & sulfates of dissolved calcium, magnesium and other heavy metals. The hardness is expressed in terms of equivalentcalcium carbonate.

Que.72. Research into the health benefits of foods has been escalating during the last five to seven years, driven by consumer awareness of the relationship of dietto optimal health, ever-increasing health care costs and other factors which motivated people to take control of their own health. Which of the following arecorrectly matched?

I. Nutraceutical - a food or food product that reportedly provides health and medical benefits, including the prevention and treatment of disease.II. Functional foods - are enriched with vitamins and minerals, usually at a range up to 100 percent of the Dietary Reference Intake, formally called theRecommended Daily Allowance for that nutrient.III. Fortified foods - any product (other than tobacco) that is intended to supplement the diet and contains vitamin, mineral, herb or other botanical; anamino acid or metabolite; an extract; or any combination of the mentioned items.

Codes:A. Only IB. Only II

C. Only IIID. All of the aboveAns. ASoln. Ans:a

Exp:Fortified foods-are enriched with vitamins & minerals, usually at a range upto 100% of the Dietary Reference intake, formally called theRecommended Daily Allowance for that nutrient.

Functional foods-any product (other than tobacco) that is intended to supplement the diet and contains vitamins, mineral, herb or otherbotanical; an amino acid or metabolite; an extract; or any combination of the mentioned items.

Que.73. Bio-engineering researchers from Stanford University have developed the first biological Internet or 'Bi-Fi'. Consider the following statements regarding Bi-Fi:

I. The technology uses an innocuous bacterium called M13 to increase the complexity and amount of information that can be sent from cell to cell. II. M13 reproduces within its host, takes strands of DNA -- strands that engineers can control -- wrap them up one by one and send them out encapsulatedwithin proteins produced by M13 that can infect other cells.

Which of the above statements are true?A. I onlyB. II onlyC. Both I and IID. Neither I nor IIAns. B

Soln. Ans:bExp:M13 is a virus.

Que.74. Heavy water is a form of water that contains a larger than normal amount of the hydrogen isotope deuterium rather than the common hydrogen-1 isotopethat makes up most of the hydrogen in normal water. Heavy water is used in nuclear reactors. Consider the following statements about heavy water:

I. Heavy water has molecular weight of 18amu.II. The density of heavy water is lower than normal water.III. Heavy water is usually radioactive.

Which of the above statements are true?

A. I and IIB. II and IIIC. All of the aboveD. None of the aboveAns. D

Soln. Ans:dExp: Heavy water has molecular weight of 20amu.The density of heavy water is higher than normal water and heavy water is not radioactive.

Que.75. Regarding India's energy requirements, nuclear sector holds a lot of promise. Consider the following statements regarding nuclear energy:

I. When compared to uranium, there is a growing interest in developing a thorium fuel cycle due to its greater safety benefits, absence of non-fertileisotopes, and its higher occurrence and availability.II. According to the IAEA estimates, India has the largest known reserves of thorium.III. India's three-stage nuclear power programme was formulated by Dr. Homi Bhabha in the 1950s to secure the country's long term energy independence.IV. The first two stages, natural uranium-fueled heavy water reactors and plutonium-fueled fast breeder reactors, are intended to generate sufficient fissilematerial from India's limited uranium resources, so that all its vast thorium reserves can be fully utilised in the third stage of thermal breeder reactors.

Which among the above statements are false?

A. I and IIB. I, II and IVC. III and IVD. None of the aboveAns. D

Soln. Ans:dQue.76. Consider the following statements about the recently launched Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (STI) 2013 and select the correct answer:

I. One of the main aims of policy is promoting the spread of scientific temper among the youth.II. A Strong and viable Science, Research and Innovation system for High Technology led path for India (SRISHTI) are the goals for the STI policy.III. New policy seeks to raise the Gross Expenditure in Research and Development (GERD) to 2% from the present 1% of the GDP in this decade byencouraging enhanced private sector contribution.

Codes:A. I, II onlyB. II, III onlyC. I, III onlyD. All of the aboveAns. B

Soln. Ans:bExp:It aims at Promoting the spread of scientific temper amongst all sections of society.

Que.77. Consider the following and select the correct answer:

I. There is an absolute insulin deficiency in case of Type-2 diabetes as compare to Type 1 diabetes.II. Type 2 diabetes makes up about 90% of cases of diabetes with the other 10% due primarily to diabetes mellitus type 1.III. The development of type 2 diabetes is caused only by the lifestyle of the person. IV. Recently scientists at the Indian Diabetes Consortium (INDICO) have found that Type 2 diabetes has neural connection through the TMEM(transmembrane protein) 163 gene.

Codes:A. I, II onlyB. II, III onlyC. I, III onlyD. II, IV onlyAns. D

Soln. Ans:dExp:Diabetes mellitus type 2 (formerly noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes) is a metabolic disorder that ischaracterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. This is in contrast to diabetes mellitustype 1, in which there is an absolute insulin deficiency due to destruction of islet cells in the pancreas. The development of type 2 diabetes iscaused by a combination of lifestyle and genetic factors.

Que.78. Match the following:

(i) Indian Institute of Astrophysics (1) Bengaluru(ii) Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany (2) Lucknow(iii) Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (3) Ahmedabad(iv) National Innovation Foundation (4) Mumbai

Codes:A. i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4B. i-2, ii-1, iii-4, iv-3C. i-1, ii-2, iii-4, iv-3D. i-2, ii-1, iii-3, iv-4Ans. C

Soln. Ans:cQue.79. Which among the following is/ are produced by the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)?

I. 'Risorine'- indigenously drug formulation against tuberculosis. II. First indigenous Wankel Engine powered unmanned Air Vehicle 'NISHANT'.III. 'Diastep' - shelf footwear for low risk diabetic patients.

Codes:A. I, II onlyB. II, III onlyC. I, III onlyD. All of the aboveAns. D

Soln. Ans:dQue.80. The term Red October has made the headlines all over the world in recent time. What does Red October denote?A. Red October was an uprising crushed by Syrian government.B. It was a cyber spying campaign that targeted various countries around the world including India.C. Red October signifies the discovery of traces of water on the Mars by Curiosity.D. Red October signifies the near collision of an asteroid to the earth.Ans. B

Soln. Ans:bExp:Kaspersky Lab, the Russian cyber security firm on 14 January 2013 revealed that India is one among various nations which are hit by thecyber spying which has been targeting governmental, diplomatic and scientific research organisations for around 5 years. The cyber spyingcampaign is termed Red October or Rocra by the Kaspersky Lab. Rocra significantly affected countries like Kazakhstan, Russia, India, Belgiumand Azerbaijan apart from other countries in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and Soviet republics.

Que.81. Recently scientists have created the world's first genome-wide digital atlas of gene enhancers in the brain. Consider the following statements about geneenhancers and select the correct answer?

I. Gene Enhancers are short pieces of DNA in the human genome.II. They are actual genes, so they give rise to proteins. III. 'They are switches that tell the actual genes when to become active and make a protein.

Codes:A. I, II onlyB. II, III onlyC. I, III onlyD. All of the aboveAns. C

Soln. Ans:cExp:They are not actual genes, so they do not give rise to proteins.

Que.82. Which of the following is/are correct about missile PRAHAAR?

I. It is a surface to surface single stage missile and is fuelled by solid propellants.II. It has been developed by Bharat Dynamics Limited and carries a 200-kg conventional warhead.III. Its operational range is 250 km and has mach 3 speed.

Codes:A. I & IIB. II & IIIC. Only ID. All of the aboveAns. C

Soln. Ans:cExp:Prahaar is a solid-fuelled surface-to-surface guided short-range tactical ballistic missile developed by DRDO of India. Its operational rangeis 150 km.

Que.83. Recently battery safety concern has affected the world largest aircraft Boeing 787 which is using "Lithium-ion Batteries". Consider the following statementsabout Lithium-ion Batteries and select the correct answer:

I. These batteries have very high energy density, no memory effect, and only a slow loss of charge when not in use.II. These batteries can be moulded into a variety of shapes and thus, provide flexibility to design.III. These batteries suffer from the problem of 'thermal runaway.


Soln. Ans: dExp:Thermal runaway is a condition in which as a battery reaches a specific temperature, it can start self-heating with potentially disastrousconsequences. It occurs due to chemistry involved in making of battery.

Que.84. Recently the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) has announced that it will conduct technology demonstration to fire hi-tech Precision-Guided Munitions (PGMs). Consider the following statements about Precision-Guided Munitions (PGMs) and select the correct answer:

I. Precision-Guided Munitions (PGMs) are miniaturized missiles with small seekers, actuators and on-board computers and will be integrated with tacticalmissiles having a range of 100-200 km.II. PGMs can prevent collateral damage while attacking multiple targets in a war scenario with sub-meter accuracy.III. PGMs can be integrated with a surface-to-surface missile or an air-to-surface missile.


Soln. Ans:dQue.85. Consider the following statements about Cyanobacteria and select the correct answer:

I. Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green bacteria or blue-green algae are a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis.II. Cyanobacteria can be found only in aquatic habitat both oceans and fresh water. III. Cyanobacteria can convert carbon dioxide into 2, 3 butanediol, that can be used to make paints, solvents, plastics and fuels.

Codes:A. I, II onlyB. I, III onlyC. II, III onlyD. All of the aboveAns. B

Soln. Ans:bExp:Cyanobacteria can be found in almost every terrestrial and aquatic habitat: in oceans, fresh water - even bare rock and soil.

Que.86. India has recently test-fired Astra missile successfully. Consider the following statements about Astra missile and select the correct answer:

I. It is a Beyond Virtual Range (BVR) air-to-air missile. II. It can carry a warhead containing only conventional explosives weighing 15 kg. III. It is a three stage, solid fuelled missile. IV. It can be integrated with Sukhoi, MiG-29, Mirage, Jaguar and the Tejas Light Combat Aircraft.

Codes:A. I, II, III onlyB. II, III, IV onlyC. I, II, IV onlyD. All of the above

Ans. C

Soln. Ans:cExp:It is a single stage, solid fuelled missile.

Que.87. Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down food molecules to obtain energy and store it in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules. Theprocess of breakdown of glucose molecules involves two major stages - glycolysis (anaerobic respiration) and aerobic respiration. Read the followingstatements:

I. Glycolysis process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cells.II. Aerobic respiration takes place in mitochondria.III. The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and energy takes place in cytoplasm of the cell.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?A. I and IIIB. II and IIIC. I and IID. All of the aboveAns. C

Soln. Ans:cExp:The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and energy takes place in mitochondria.


I. At the transmitter, information contained in the low frequency message signal is superimposed on a high frequency wave, which acts as a carrier of theinformation. This process is known as demodulation. This is the reverse process of modulationII. The process of retrieval of information from the carrier wave at the receiver is termed modulation.III. Bandwidth refers to the frequency range over which an equipment operates or the portion of the spectrum occupied by the signal.IV. The loss of strength of a signal while propagating through a medium is known as attenuation.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?A. Only I, II and IIIB. Only I and IIC. Only II and IIID. Only III and IVAns. D

Soln. Ans:dExp:At the transmitter, information contained in the low frequency message signal is superimposed on a high frequency wave, which acts as acarrier of the information. This process is known as modulation. The process of retrieval of information from the carrier wave at the receiver istermed demodulation. This is the reverse process of modulation.

Que.89. LEDs that can emit red, yellow, orange, green and blue light are commercially available. LEDs have the following advantages over conventional incandescentlow power lamps:

I. Low operational voltage but high power.II. Fast action but long warm-up time required.III. The bandwidth of emitted light is 100 to 500 or in other words it is nearly (but not exactly) monochromatic.IV. Long life and ruggedness.V. Fast on-off switching capability.

Which of the statements is/are correct?A. Only I, II and IIIB. Only I, II, III and IVC. Only III, IV and VD. Only II, III, IV and VAns. C

Soln. Ans:cExp:Low operational voltage and less power. Fast action and no warm-up time required.


I. It is the sequence of bases in DNA that determines the genetic information of a given organism. In other words, genetic make-up of an organism or anindividual lies in the DNA sequences.II. If two individuals differ, then their DNA sequences should also be different, at least at some places.

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?A. Only IB. Only IIC. BothD. NoneAns. D

Soln. Ans:dQue.91. Couples could be assisted to have children through certain special techniques commonly known as assisted reproductive technologies (ART).Consider these

statements regarding this:

I. Artificial insemination (AI), followed by embryo transfer (ET) is one of such methods. In this method, popularly known as test tube baby programme, ovafrom the wife/donor (female) and sperms from the husband/donor (male) are collected and are induced to form zygote under simulated conditions in thelaboratory.II. Transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube (GIFT - gamete intra fallopian transfer) of another female who cannot produce one, butcan provide suitable environment for fertilisation and further development is another method attempted.III. In vitro fertilisation (IVF)), the semen collected either from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced either into the vagina or into theuterus (IUI - intra-uterine insemination) of the female.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?A. Only I and IIB. Only II and IIIC. Only IIID. Only IIAns. D

Soln. Ans:dExp:In vitro fertilization (IVF) followed by embryo transfer (ET) is one of such methods. In this method, popularly known as test tube babyprogramme, ova from the wife/donor (female) and sperms from the husband/donor (male) are collected and are induced to form zygote undersimulated conditions in the laboratory. In artificial insemination (AI) technique, the semen collected either from the husband or a healthy donoris artificially introduced either into the vagina or into the uterus (IUI - intra-uterine insemination) of the female.

Que.92. During winters, on a cold morning one may find the pressure in the tyres of a vehicle decreased considerably. Which statements below states the best

reason behind that?A. At constant volume, pressure of a fixed amount of a gas varies directly with the temperature.B. Cold air takes less space than hot air.C. Cold temperature causes the rubber of the tyres to shrink considerably.D. With temperature being low air has the tendency to occupy less space.Ans. A

Soln. Ans:aExp:Pressure in well inflated tyres of automobiles is almost constant, but on a hot summer day this increases considerably and tyre may burst ifpressure is not adjusted properly. During winters, on a cold morning one may find the pressure in the tyres of a vehicle decreased considerably.The mathematical relationship between pressure and temperature was given by Joseph Gay Lussac and is known as Gay Lussac's law. It statesthat at constant volume, pressure of a fixed amount of a gas varies directly with the temperature.

Que.93. Generators use electromagnetic induction to convert mechanical energy --- either kinetic (motion energy) or potential (stored energy) --- into electricalenergy. The essential difference between an AC generator and a DC generator is that:

A. In AC generators, the coil through which the current flows is fixed, and the magnet is moving the coil through which the current flow rotates in a fixed field.B. DC generator will generate a higher voltage than AC generator.C. DC generator has slip rings while the AC generator has a commutator. D. None of the above.Ans. A

Soln. Ans:aQue.94. Computers represent information in a binary code, written as sequences of 0 and 1. The data in binary code is stored in computer memory on a temporary or

permanent basis for use in an electronic digital computer. It is mainly divided as Volatile and Non-Volatile. Read the following statements related to computermemory:

I. DRAM, FeRAM, PRAM are examples of Volatile memories.II.EPROM, EAROM and flash memory are examples of Non-Volatile memories.

Which of the above statements are false?A. Only IB. Only IIC. BothD. NoneAns. A

Soln. Ans:aExp:FeRAM and PRAM are examples of non-Volatile memories.

Que.95. Optical Character Recognition is a technology that helps in converting different types of documents, such as scanned paper documents, PDF files or imagescaptured by a digital camera into editable and searchable data.

I. OCR and ICR make 'best guesses' at characters by analysis of sequential lines and curves using database look-up tables.II. Chitrankan is OCR Software for Devanagari Language launched by NIIT.III. Chitrankan incorporates a spell checker for Hindi and Marathi.

Which of the above statements is/are true?A. Only IB. I and IIC. II and IIID. I and IIIAns. D

Soln. Ans:dExp:Chitrankan software has been launched by C-DAC.

Que.96. Malicious programs are specifically designed to delete, block, modify, or copy data or to disrupt the performance of computers and/or computer networks.Different types of malicious programs are:

I. Worms are malicious programs that self-replicate on computers or via computer networks.II. Virus are those malicious programs which spread via networks or infect remote machines when commanded to do so by the "owner" or programs thatcreate multiple copies that are unable to self-replicate.III. Trojan Horse perform actions as delete, block, modify or copy data and make copies of themselves or self-replicate.

Which of the above statements are incorrect?A. I and IIB. II and IIIC. I and IIID. None of the aboveAns. B

Soln. Ans:bExp:Malicious programs which spread via networks or infect remote machines when commanded to do so by the "owner" (e.g. Backdoors) orprograms that create multiple copies that are unable to self-replicate are not part of the Viruses and Worms subclass. Trojans are maliciousprograms that perform actions which are not authorized by the user: they delete, block, modify or copy data, and they disrupt the performanceof computers or computer networks. Unlike viruses and worms, the threats that fall into this category are unable to make copies of themselvesor self-replicate.

Que.97. Immunization is one of the most important preventive health actions in children's lives, as it provides protection against the most dangerous childhooddiseases. GOI has recently introduced the pentavalent vaccines in few states. Consider the following statements regarding Pentavalent vaccines:

I. The vaccine protects children from diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b.II. It was introduced as a pilot project in India in Kerala only. Whereas now it has been introduced in Gujarat, Karnataka, Haryana,Goa, J&K and Puducherry.III. It will be provided along with the current Hepatitis B and DPT primary vaccination schedule in the immunization programme.

Which of the above statements are true?A. Only IB. Only I and IIC. Only IID. Only II and IIIAns. A

Soln. Ans:aExp:Pentavalent vaccine was introduced in Kerala and Tamil Nadu on the recommendation of the National Technical Advisory Group onImmunization (NTAGI). It will replace the current Hepatitis B and DPT primary vaccination schedule in the immunization programme.

Que.98. The brain is one of the largest and most complex organs in the human body. It is made up of more than 100 billion nerves that communicate in trillions ofconnections called synapses. Consider the following statements related to human brain and choose the correct answer from the codes given below:

I. The human brain is the fattest organ in the body.II. The cerebellum is the largest part of the brain, accounting for 85 percent of the organ's weight, controls all voluntary actions in the body.III. The two hemispheres of the brain contribute to the processing and understanding of language: the left hemisphere processes the rhythm, stress, andintonation of speech while the right hemisphere processes the emotions conveyed by it.

IV. The Hypothalamus part of the brain regulates body temperature much like a thermostat.

Codes:A. II and IIIB. III and IVC. I, II and IVD. I, III and IVAns. D

Soln. Ans:dExp:The biggest part of the brain is the cerebrum which makes up 85% of the brain's weight. The cerebrum is the thinking part of the brain and itcontrols our voluntary muscles.

Que.99. In a chemical factory there are three gas containers. First container contains hydrogen, second container contains nitrogen and third container containsoxygen. All the three containers have same volume, same pressure and same temperature. Which container contains the highest number of gas molecules?(Mass of oxygen> Mass of nitrogen> Mass of hydrogen)

A. OxygenB. NitrogenC. HydrogenD. All have same moleculesAns. DSoln. Ans:d

Exp:PV = nRT As P, V and T are same so "n" must also be the same.Que.100. A warplane flies horizontally in air.The pressure of lower the wing is _____ the pressure above the wing.A. greater thanB. smaller thanC. same asD. depending on the temperature greater or lesser thanAns. ASoln. Ans:a

Exp:It is the basic concept behind the flying of aeroplane. The pressure below the wing is higher than the pressure above the wing and thepressure difference makes the aeroplane fly.

AI/ ET/ IVF/ GIFTgeneratorsMultinational Design evaluation programmeProbeCE 20ipv6Shale gasPulsarQuantum dotspendulumdiastep/risorine/nishant

Documents

Chronicle science and technology 2013 test series cum self assessment paper