Chinese Energy Reform

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Chinese Energy Reform. Thomas C. Heller Rio de Janeiro April 4, 2004. Political Economy of Power. 3 phases of reform 1985-2004 Low reform of core system (partial release) 1985-97 Reaction (attempted re-integration) 1997-2002 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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  • Chinese Energy ReformThomas C. HellerRio de JaneiroApril 4, 2004

  • Political Economy of Power3 phases of reform 1985-2004Low reform of core system (partial release) 1985-97Reaction (attempted re-integration) 1997-2002Re-reform but structural problems remain and results problematic 2002--Three research studies: (PESD)Two papers (Chang, Heller & May) on Chinese energy reform in three provinces (Energy Policy, 2004)A five country study of electricity sector reform (China, India, Mexico, Brazil and South Africa)Case studies and analysis of FDI (1990-2003)

  • Chinese Overview AccomplishmentsInstalled capacity grew from 1.9 GW (1949) to 63 GW (1979) to 320 GW (2002)Most of the worlds gains in access are in ChinaEnergy intensity (E/GDP) has fallen at unprecedented rates for any fast growing nation ConcernsUneven growth and composition by province70%+ of energy production remains coal fired (oil 18%; gas 2.2.%; hydro 6.7%; 1.5 nuclear)Worlds leading emitter of CO2 in absolute amounts by 2020Planned growth (low per capita installed capacity [.25 kw] 50% world average) is 20 GW annually until 2010

  • Chinas Capacity DevelopmentIncreased Role of the Non-State SystemOwnershipIncrease in Generation CapacityIPP DevelopmentIPP 05010015020025030019791999GWIPPState

  • Standard Reform modelDe-integration of generation ownership from transmission, distribution and retail ownershipCompetition in wholesale (generation) markets (contract, day ahead, spot markets; differentiated quality and pricing)Independent regulatory commissions to manage reliability, market rules, residual monopoly (T&D)Portfolio management decentralizedPrivatization

  • Reform model: MotivationsEfficiency of system (price reductions from less overcapacity (AJ) and political (mis)regulation) relative to state monopoly or cost-plus regulationMarket integration in US and EUEnvironmental controlsQuality improvements through product/service differentiation (decommodification) and reliabilityUS reforms cap a process of deregulation of fuel markets, IPP competition, environmental management and integrated resource planning begun in 1978

  • Pre-reform BaselineState system in ChinaNationalist project at core of development and public sector (security)Coal as the dominant national fuel; hydro secondaryCentralized monopoly with political control and administrative execution of policyCentralized planning with qualitative (political) allocations of power and tariffsState financing through grants and later bank loans of low credibilityPolitical negotiation of capacity additionsState Planning Commission on system design and tariffs; Ministry of Energy more implementation than policy

  • Pre-reform baseline

    SOEs fully vertically integrated utilities, with political and economic assets, an engineering culture and management, opaque accounting and transparency Costs of revenue base and cross-subsidies spread unclearlyMultiple and complex tariffs by region and end-useElectricity as political asset: entitlement and currency (social contract, rather than a market commodity)Costs of power generation low with no effective capital cost and low priced indigenous fuel Low prices aimed principally at industrial state enterprises Low priority for rural or urban consumers who faced relatively high tariffs with no electoral pressureProfits high leaving utilities solvent with low arrears in sector from high volume end users

  • Power Consumption in China

    Chart1

    27227.6111.2110.52

    28.16231.9112.211.8

    28.64247.9113.1812.05

    28.64267.1214.9213.73

    28.84286.5917.0615.91

    31.74305.0322.3122.25

    32.19337.0223.4924.79

    35.96370.327.4928.65

    37.89404.7831.7334.33

    41.05429.8434.7939.52

    42.68450.3738.4548.08

    47.98484.6944.6254.36

    52.24536.6951.3964

    48.099597.13261.79573.709

    53.058653.65773.01886.697

    45.5684750.6542691.85493100.55796

    48.27261794.58379100.86835113.30428

    51.41329816.94059110.21856125.33874

    49.84179826.34299119.78976138.75503

    52.47222880.63955129.13292146.98334

    53.3958978.61151147.43135167.18295

    Agriculture

    Industry

    Tertiary

    Residential

    TWh

    Power Consumption Structure

    chart

    ExpansionIII. Capacity Fuel Structure (%)

    1. Power expansion2. Growth Rate (%)HydroFossilNuclear

    195314.086.0

    CapacityGenerationCapacityGeneration198030.869.2

    19532.4195319.9200024.974.40.7

    19542.6195410.6

    19553.0195515.4

    19563.8195627.7

    19574.619.3195720.9

    19586.345.8195835.9

    19599.5195951.7

    196011.9196024.9

    196112.919617.9

    196213.019621.4

    196313.319632.2

    196414.119645.5

    196515.167.619657.3

    196617.0196612.9

    196718.019675.7

    196819.219686.5

    196921.019699.8

    197023.8115.7197013.0

    197126.3197110.6

    197229.5197212.3

    197333.9197315.0

    197438.1197412.4VII. Consumption (TWH)

    197543.4195.8197513.9

    197647.2203.119768.63.7AgricultureIndustryTertiaryResidential

    197751.5223.419779.110.0198027.0227.611.210.5

    197857.1256.5197811.014.8198128.2231.912.211.8

    197963.0281.9197910.39.9198228.6247.913.212.1

    198065.9300.619804.56.6198328.6267.114.913.7

    198169.1309.319814.92.9198428.8286.617.115.9

    198272.4327.719824.75.9198531.7305.022.322.3

    198376.4351.419835.67.2198632.2337.023.524.8

    198480.1377.019844.87.3198736.0370.327.528.7

    198587.1410.719858.68.9198837.9404.831.734.3

    198693.8449.519867.89.4198941.1429.834.839.5

    1987102.9497.319879.710.6199042.7450.438.548.1

    1988115.5545.2198812.29.6199148.0484.744.654.4

    1989126.6584.719899.67.2199252.2536.751.464.0

    1990137.9621.319908.96.3199348.1597.161.873.7

    1991151.5677.619919.99.1199453.1653.773.086.7

    1992166.5753.919929.911.3199545.6750.791.9100.6

    1993182.9839.519939.811.4199648.3794.6100.9113.3

    1994199.9928.119949.310.6199751.4816.9110.2125.3

    1995217.21007.719958.78.6199849.8826.3119.8138.8

    1996236.51080.019968.97.2199952.5880.6129.1147.0

    1997254.21134.519977.55.0200053.4978.6147.4167.2

    1998277.31157.719989.12.0

    1999298.81233.119997.76.5

    2000319.31368.820006.911.0

    2. Growth Rate (%)

    CapacityGeneration

    19768.63.7

    19779.110.0

    197811.014.8

    197910.39.9

    19804.56.6

    19814.92.9

    19824.75.9

    19835.67.2

    19844.87.3

    19858.68.9

    19867.89.4

    19879.710.6

    198812.29.6

    19899.67.2

    19908.96.3

    19919.99.1

    19929.911.3

    19939.811.4

    19949.310.6

    19958.78.6

    19968.97.2

    19977.55.0

    19989.12.0

    19997.76.5

    20006.911.0

    chart

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    Capacity

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    figures

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    Capacity

    Generation

    national econ indicator

    8.61552637643.7282941777

    9.11983032879.9950763171

    11.020408163314.8164726947

    10.32913165279.9025341131

    4.52237384966.6335579993

    4.94914224992.8942115768

    4.67235642995.9489169091

    5.63847429527.2322245957

    4.81423338577.2851451338

    8.64952571148.9389920424

    7.77599080999.447285123

    9.676078406310.6340378198

    12.24525496379.6320128695

    9.64700381837.2450476889

    8.88430894126.2596203181

    9.85060555529.061644938

    9.941705782511.2603305785

    9.834746475211.35429102

    9.287081078110.5539011316

    8.66796400158.5766619976

    8.89312414837.1767391089

    7.48196937545.0415733042

    9.06623662682.0476522076

    7.74640268316.5164550402

    6.878501857611.0027158289

    Capacity

    Generation

    Growth rate

    capacity,gen,consumption

    000

    000

    000

    Hydro

    Fossil

    Nuclear

    %

    Firgure 2. Capaicity by fuel type

    capacity by grids

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    Agriculture

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    Tertiary

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    TWh

    Figure 2. Power Consumption Structure

    grid capacity

    Income and capacity

    1. Growth Rate (%)2. Level (GW, billion RMB)1. Growth Rate (%)3. Power expansion

    GDP GrowthGW GrowthGWBillion RMBRatioGDP GrowthGW GrowthCapacityGenerationratio

    195315.619.919532.482.419532.9197811.711.019532.41953

    19544.210.619542.685.919543.019797.610.319542.61954

    19556.815.419553.091.019553.319807.84.519553.01955

    195615.027.719563.8102.819563.719814.54.919563.81956

    19575.120.919574.6106.819574.319828.54.719574.619.319574.2

    195821.335.919586.3130.719584.8198310.25.619586.345.819587.3

    19598.851.719599.5143.919596.6198414.64.819599.51959

    1960-0.024.9196011.9145.719608.2198512.98.6196011.91960

    1961-27.37.9196112.9122.0196110.519868.57.8196112.91961

    1962-5.61.4196213.0114.9196211.3198711.19.7196213.01962

    196310.22.2196313.3123.3196310.8198811.212.2196313.31963

    196418.35.5196414.1145.419649.719894.39.6196414.11964

    196517.07.3196515.1171.619658.819903.98.9196515.167.619654.5

    196610.712.9196617.0186.819669.1199189.9196617.01966

    1967-5.75.7196718.0177.4196710.1199213.69.9196718.01967

    1968-4.16.5196819.2172.3196811.1199313.49.8196819.21968

    196916.99.8196921.0193.8196910.9199411.89.3196921.01969

    197019.413.0197023.8225.3197010.6199510.28.7197023.8115.719704.9

    19717.010.6197126.3242.6197110.819969.78.9197126.31971

    19723.812.3197229.5251.8197211.719978.87.5197229.51972

    19737.915.0197333.9272.1197312.519987.89.1197333.91973

    19742.312.4197438.1279.0197413.719997.17.7197438.11974

    19758.713.9197543.4299.7197514.520007.66.9197543.4195.819754.5

    1976-1.68.6197647.2294.4197616.020017.86.0197647.2203.119764.3

    19777.69.1197751.5320.2197716.1197751.5223.419774.3

    197811.711.0197857.1362.4197815.8197857.1256.519784.5

    19797.610.3197963.0403.8197915.6197963.0281.919794.5

    19807.84.5198065.9451.8198014.6198065.9300.619804.6

    19814.54.9198169.1486.0198114.2198169.1309.319814.5

    19828.54.7198272.4530.2198213.6198272.4327.719824.5

    198310.25.6198376.4595.7198312.8198376.4351.419834.6

    198414.64.8198480.1720.7198411.1198480.1377.019844.7

    198512.98.6198587.1898.919859.7198587.1410.719854.7

    19868.57.8198693.81020.119869.2198693.8449.519864.8

    198711.19.71987102.91195.519878.61987102.9497.319874.8

    198811.212.21988115.51492.219887.71988115.5545.219884.7

    19894.39.61989126.61691.819897.51989126.6584.719894.6

    19903.98.91990137.91859.819907.41990137.9621.319904.5

    199189.91991151.52166.319917.01991151.5677.619914.5

    199213.69.91992166.52665.219926.21992166.5753.919924.5

    199313.49.81993182.93456.119935.31993182.9839.519934.6

    199411.89.31994199.94667.019944.31994199.9928.119944.6

    199510.28.71995217.25749.519953.81995217.21007.719954.6

    19969.78.91996236.56685.119963.51996236.51080.019964.6

    19978.87.51997254.27314.319973.51997254.21134.519974.5

    19987.89.11998277.37696.719983.61998277.31157.719984.2

    19997.17.71999298.88042.319993.71999298.81233.119994.1

    20007.66.92000319.38940.420003.62000319.31368.820004.3

    20017.86.02001338.62001

    Generation Capacity

    FossilHydroNuclear

    19532.00.3

    19542.20.4

    19552.50.5

    19562.90.9

    19573.61.0

    19585.11.2

    19597.91.6

    196010.01.9

    196110.52.3

    196210.72.4

    196310.92.4

    196411.42.7

    196512.13.0

    196613.43.6

    196714.23.8

    196814.84.4

    196916.05.1

    197017.56.2

    197118.57.8

    197220.88.7

    197323.610.3

    197426.311.8

    197530.013.4

    197632.514.7

    197735.715.8

    197839.817.3

    197943.919.1

    198045.620.3

    198147.221.9

    198249.423.0

    198352.324.2

    198454.525.6

    198560.626.4

    198666.327.5

    198772.730.2

    198882.832.7

    198992.134.6

    1990101.836.0

    1991113.637.9

    1992125.940.7

    1993137.144.61.2

    1994148.749.12.1

    1995162.952.22.1

    1996178.955.62.1

    1997192.359.72.1

    1998209.965.12.1

    1999223.473.02.1

    2000237.579.42.1

    grid capacity

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    Generating capacity (1953-2000)

    grid size2000

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    GDP Growth

    GW Growth

    distribution techs

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    Ratio

    Capacity to GDP Ratio

    pc generation, consumption

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    GW

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    supply

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    GDP Growth

    GW Growth

    elasticity

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    Capacity

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    Technical data

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    ratio

    capacity, tech by size

    Chinese Economic Indicators

    I. Income and PopulationII. Investment and FinancingIII. Energy

    GDPreal GDP GrowthPopulationGDP 1980 YuanActual fdiPrimary Energycoaloilnatural gas

    billion RMB%millionbillionbil US$mil tonsmil tonsil tonsbil m3

    194919491949

    195019501950

    195119511951

    195267.919521952

    195382.415.619531953

    195485.94.219541954

    195591.06.819551955

    1956102.815.019561956

    1957106.85.119571957

    1958130.721.319581958

    1959143.98.819591959

    1960145.7-0.019601960

    1961122.0-27.319611961

    1962114.9-5.619621962

    1963123.310.219631963

    1964145.418.319641964

    1965171.617.019651965

    1966186.810.719661966

    1967177.4-5.719671967

    1968172.3-4.119681968

    1969193.816.919691969

    1970225.319.419701970

    1971242.67.019711971

    1972251.83.819721972

    1973272.17.919731973

    1974279.02.319741974

    1975299.78.719751975

    1976294.4-1.619761976

    1977320.27.619771977

    1978362.411.7962.6385.319781978

    1979403.87.6975.4414.619791979

    1980451.87.8987.144719801980

    1981486.05.21000.746719811981

    1982530.29.31016.5507.919821982

    1983595.711.11030.1560.319831983

    1984720.715.31043.664219841984

    1985898.913.21058.5723.719856.31985

    19861020.18.51075.1783.819863.31986

    19871195.511.51093870.119874.31987

    19881492.211.31110.3965.719886.21988

    19891691.84.211271003.819896.31989

    19901859.84.21143.31056.2199071990

    19912166.39.11158.21136.81991121991

    19922665.214.11171.712891992111992

    19933456.113.11185.21459.3199327.51993

    19944667.012.61198.21631.5199433.71994

    19955749.59.01211.21797.9199537.71995

    19966685.19.81225.21972.3199642.41996

    19977314.38.51236.22145.9199745.21997

    19987696.77.81248.12313.28199845.61998

    19998042.37.11259.09199940.419991091.26104516025.2

    20008940.48.01265.83200020001090998016327.7

    20017.320012001

    YearGDPreal GDP GrowthPopulationGDP 1980 YuanYearActual fdiYearPrimary Energycoaloilnatural gas

    billion RMB%millionbillionbil US$mil tonsmil tonsil tonsbil m3

    power share in energy

    Chinese Power Industry

    I. Capacity (GW)II. Capacity Growth (%)III. Capacity Fuel Structure (%)

    TotalHydroFossilNuclearTotalHydroFossilNuclearHydroFossilNuclear

    19491.90.21.7194919498.691.4

    19501.90.21.719501.16.30.619509.190.9

    19511.90.21.719510.55.9-0.019519.690.4

    19522.00.21.819524.35.64.119529.790.3

    19532.40.32.0195319.973.714.1195314.086.0

    19542.60.42.2195410.624.28.4195415.884.2

    19553.00.52.5195515.422.014.2195516.783.3

    19563.80.92.9195627.780.017.2195623.576.5

    19574.61.03.6195720.913.323.2195722.078.0

    19586.31.25.1195835.919.640.4195819.480.6

    19599.51.67.9195951.732.856.2195917.083.0

    196011.91.910.0196024.919.826.0196016.383.7

    196112.92.310.519617.920.15.5196118.181.9

    196213.02.410.719621.42.11.2196218.381.7

    196313.32.410.919632.22.12.3196318.281.8

    196414.12.711.419645.510.34.4196419.180.9

    196515.13.012.119657.312.76.0196520.080.0

    196617.03.613.4196612.920.510.9196621.478.6

    196718.03.814.219675.75.55.8196721.378.7

    196819.24.414.819686.514.34.4196822.977.1

    196921.05.116.019699.815.08.3196924.076.0

    197023.86.217.5197013.023.49.7197026.273.8

    197126.37.818.5197110.625.25.4197129.770.3

    197229.58.720.8197212.311.512.6197229.570.5

    197333.910.323.6197315.018.413.6197330.469.6

    197438.111.826.3197412.414.811.3197431.069.0

    197543.413.430.0197513.913.614.0197530.969.1

    197647.214.732.519768.69.18.4197631.168.9

    197751.515.835.719779.17.69.8197730.669.4

    197857.117.339.8197811.09.611.6197830.369.7

    197963.019.143.9197910.310.610.2197930.369.7

    198065.920.345.619804.56.33.7198030.869.2

    198169.121.947.219814.97.93.6198131.768.3

    198272.423.049.419824.74.74.7198231.768.3

    198376.424.252.319835.65.25.8198331.668.4

    198480.125.654.519844.86.04.3198432.068.0

    198587.126.460.619858.63.211.2198530.469.6

    198693.827.566.319867.84.29.3198629.470.6

    1987102.930.272.719879.79.69.7198729.370.7

    1988115.532.782.8198812.28.313.9198828.371.7

    1989126.634.692.119899.65.811.2198927.372.7

    1990137.936.0101.819908.94.210.6199026.173.9

    1991151.537.9113.619919.95.111.5199125.075.0

    1992166.540.7125.919929.97.410.8199224.475.6

    1993182.944.6137.11.219939.89.69.0199324.475.00.7

    1994199.949.1148.72.119949.310.08.575.0199424.574.41.1

    1995217.252.2162.92.119958.76.49.50.0199524.075.01.0

    1996236.555.6178.92.119968.96.59.80.0199623.575.60.9

    1997254.259.7192.32.119977.57.57.50.0199723.575.60.8

    1998277.365.1209.92.119989.18.99.10.0199823.575.70.8

    1999298.873.0223.42.119997.812.26.50.0199924.474.80.7

    2000319.379.4237.52.120006.0875.0631.00.0200024.974.40.7

    2001338.620012001

    YearTotalHydroFossilNuclearYearTotalHydroFossilNuclearHydroFossilNuclear

    IV. Generation (TWh)V. Generation Growth (%)VI Generation Shares (%)

    TotalHydroFossilNuclearTotalHydroFossilNuclearHydroFossilNuclear

    19494.30.73.61949194916.383.7

    19504.60.83.819507.014.35.6195017.482.6

    19515.70.94.8195123.912.526.3195115.884.2

    19527.31.36.0195228.144.425.0195217.882.2

    19539.21.57.7195326.015.428.3195316.383.7

    195411.02.28.8195419.646.714.3195420.080.0

    195512.32.49.9195511.89.112.5195519.580.5

    195616.63.513.1195635.045.832.3195621.178.9

    195719.34.814.5195716.337.110.7195724.975.1

    195827.54.123.4195842.5-14.661.4195814.985.1

    195942.34.437.9195953.87.362.0195910.489.6

    196059.47.452.0196040.468.237.2196012.587.5

    196148.07.440.61961-19.20.0-21.9196115.484.6

    196245.89.036.81962-4.621.6-9.4196219.780.3

    196349.08.740.319637.0-3.39.5196317.882.2

    196456.010.645.4196414.321.812.7196418.981.1

    196567.610.457.2196520.7-1.926.0196515.484.6

    196682.512.669.9196622.021.222.2196615.384.7

    196777.413.164.31967-6.24.0-8.0196716.983.1

    196871.611.560.11968-7.5-12.2-6.5196816.183.9

    196994.016.078.0196931.339.129.8196917.083.0

    1970115.920.595.4197023.328.122.3197017.782.3

    1971138.425.1113.3197119.422.418.8197118.181.9

    1972152.428.8123.6197210.114.79.1197218.981.1

    1973166.838.9127.919739.535.13.5197323.376.7

    1974168.841.4127.419741.26.4-0.4197424.575.5

    1975195.847.6148.2197516.015.016.3197524.375.7

    1976203.145.6157.519763.7-4.26.3197622.577.5

    1977223.447.6175.8197710.04.411.6197721.378.7

    1978256.644.6212.0197814.9-6.320.6197817.482.6

    1979282.050.1231.919799.912.39.4197917.882.2

    1980300.658.2242.419806.616.24.5198019.480.6

    1981309.365.6243.719812.912.60.5198121.278.8

    1982327.774.4253.319826.013.53.9198222.777.3

    1983351.486.4265.119837.316.14.7198324.675.4

    1984377.086.8290.219847.30.59.5198423.077.0

    1985410.792.4318.319858.96.49.7198522.577.5

    1986449.594.5355.019869.52.311.5198621.079.0

    1987497.3100.0397.3198710.65.811.9198720.179.9

    1988545.2109.2436.119889.69.19.8198820.080.0

    1989584.8118.4466.419897.38.57.0198920.279.8

    1990621.3126.3495.019906.27.06.0199020.479.6

    1991677.5124.8552.719919.1-1.311.7199118.581.5

    1992754.2131.5622.7199211.35.912.5199217.682.4

    1993838.4151.6685.21.6199311.114.610.0199318.181.70.2

    1994913.8166.8732.214.8199410.810.39.1820.0199418.080.41.6

    1995994.2186.8794.612.819958.613.97.8-13.0199518.979.81.3

    19961065.0186.9863.814.319967.2-1.49.111.7199617.481.31.3

    19971119.8194.6910.814.419975.04.35.30.6199717.381.51.3

    19981143.1204.3924.714.119982.86.12.2-2.2199817.881.01.2

    19991217.6212.9989.914.819992.8-5.54.55.2199916.482.41.2

    20001351.0243.11093.114.8200014.2200018.080.91.1

    20011483.920018.4

    VII. Consumption (TWH)

    TotalAgricultureIndustryTertiaryResidential

    1980276.327.0227.611.210.5

    1981284.128.2231.912.211.8

    1982301.828.6247.913.212.1

    1983324.428.6267.114.913.7

    1984348.428.8286.617.115.9

    1985381.331.7305.022.322.3

    1986417.532.2337.023.524.8

    1987462.436.0370.327.528.7

    1988508.737.9404.831.734.3

    1989545.241.1429.834.839.5

    1990579.642.7450.438.548.1

    1991631.748.0484.744.654.4

    1992704.352.2536.751.464.0

    1993780.748.1597.161.873.7

    1994866.453.1653.773.086.7

    1995988.645.6750.791.9100.6

    19961057.048.3794.6100.9113.3

    19971103.951.4816.9110.2125.3

    19981134.749.8826.3119.8138.8

    19991209.252.5880.6129.1147.0

    20001346.653.4978.6147.4167.2

    2001

    net generation - line losses + net import

    consumption structure

    2000

    kW)kWh)

    4276.91312.793958.3.5.812108369235224120719990.11461

    1.1817.93157.321659.33.1.2984507551194148328563.2778

    445.16105.81339.35..1889619947341794885..

    503.60.5502.8.0.3216398613772161772.837

    749.1751.01697.18.0.993625919233033600675.1941

    120.120..771231771231..

    2.833.921.71812.2..4818323236704794653..

    3.1154.8597.771057.08..54374331611985276235..

    4.470.2336429.7.4.532377181479592320539.8683

    3786.21561.773220.05.4.391538455880987014569150.5538

    1.355.392.59352.8..173820227641735438..

    2.1523.03124.851393.79.4.3964717341651566301040.5538

    3.846.13353.67492.47..29380175016972436320..

    4.1061.6680.66981..42366051402534096352..

    5666.33600.015032.5303.8225962990977671247745152035487256

    1.1060.43.1060.43..5582714.5582714..

    2.1925.223.361921.86..972563071199718511..

    3.1808.44542.031232.59303.82697329389763558648542035487256

    4.872.2454.63817.61..3681353729173608436..

    1041.53530.36509.88.1.29402905719434742084552.1031

    1961.256.771954.48..998018223929977790..

    4556.061501.783054.28..17964971530389912661073..

    1.1531.7152.81378.9..70272842273906799895..

    2.1510.93707.05803.88..559123828139612777277..

    3.940.71505.66435.05..346642718527221613705..

    4.572.72136.27436.45..18800224098261470196..

    3189.56701.552301.321806.6913534655155734810493540147014113626

    739.09413.6325.5..288354916814071202142..

    179.1353.69124.56.0.88409880140399268389.1092

    306.1532.39273.76..13381471347561203391..

    1593.24988.21605.04..510485332515161853337..

    555.79188.51367.28..29647697238662240903..

    654.23418.58235.65..28642411879951984289..

    18.0913.122.56.2.4232599229073.3.9689

    1922.06753.191168.75.0.12801056726310075379335.225

    1.670.61125.21545.4.26052503328622272388..

    2.655.22295.15359.95.0.12280265011433761659049.225

    3.372.12302.3269.8..13139111064455249456..

    4.224.1230.52193.6..1288756903141198442..

    271.7713.41251.41.6.951347025386501291136.17239

    .

    .

    .

    .

    power balance sheet

    2000

    kmkVA)

    500kV330kV220kV110kV500kV330kV220kV110kV

    72616726837866912811420123099612944714103063235384

    987773395196392908815840147852216006

    745970317142721346473112101292

    5948258154514591975267657443

    370751331696111375588038018192355

    2439482452087739335310011471444

    23901279421157931169388472

    8403445362132357611059313913554729

    310012268815052726001864

    1986855259921420672577516

    331651716718157473255534939723

    182135734735816494033238326261035110910

    6309387169572353526591775555

    388592962761310349788145026393016

    25905137158527227502850015361893

    2583311214768635730442859541131

    205534373640695026072408251111

    20245159355163891509100501604

    44431874869711409696339221212600

    1714065516713105254333242812628794410800

    336845797163008483492922514592210

    337101920613910589406150314331578

    34235670621611316325427511271363

    3753717897992160309767142532524758

    28520558383463511968200583737

    3720571156530290155

    10428828701509533113894055025953828

    7248348153727061356150409617

    45569195668051331837332259331661

    19583125282871211548495739

    30878440392595402274175757792

    10104272819

    822248598506129532680014109683110

    20611302082485152310672961228

    258273520130779132105471404785

    662914672807636213306

    55255921154222983054267363

    2363217768068919202429

    33033174129774774

    investment

    2000220KV

    /()%//()(/)

    *

    (KV)**

    1550.91502.170.15999.3189235.762682.09270461.64

    2201239.361205.370.17399.5959519.742361.86242457.67

    33075.80074.7050.05499.0048101.7340.68560.46

    500235.737222.0880.11797.926301.04283.8719583.54

    375936.5312.92998.7898341.442435.733546100.29

    220316830.8282.75798.867993.612154.95312494.92

    330980.9464.22996.9186745.08941.01110228.93

    5004934.7573.78498.70612424.1193.77312109.52

    3423.170.94699.43717580.71210.0814539.23

    220190.181099.81213153.3001216.44

    330490.455099.1616450.730.292173.27

    5002742.5341.18399.4618243.9912.5511234.74

    12203117.6393.81799.4298431.0912451.711090548.27

    22011071106.7983.91499.4618394.4511471.64993545.55

    3303483.3922.65399.1967118.79273.0138767.36

    5007847.4492.95499.0799882.68712.0858378.6

    *

    **//

    200010kvRS12000 1010kv

    (KVA)(%)/./.

    RS-1RS-3AITC-1AITC-3AIHC-1AIHC-3 %/

    %/811812199.97499.9740.8860.8862.32.3

    1616708999.96199.9610.7330.7333.3693.369RS1RS3AIHC-1AIHC-3

    RS1RS3AIHC-1AIHC-3472136599.94399.9432.0692.0695519915098.89899.65696.5430.13

    1 351499.9899.981.7891.789396503699.8799.873.6113.61111.43511.43519925799.17799.64672.2931.1

    2 288299.97999.9791.8051.80598792599.9799.971.5511.5512.6462.646199310599.00699.63887.0731.71

    3 1613699.97499.9742.32.379207099.93699.9361.3941.3945.6695.669199416199.29999.64261.4131.36

    4 383199.97399.9732.4092.40954501899.92299.9220.970.976.8526.852199520399.07599.72481.0324.18

    5615299.96899.9682.7712.77164201099.96499.9641.2671.2673.113.11199623899.26499.74764.6522.22

    6 1916699.96599.9653.0733.073253280699.96899.9680.9530.9533.7713.771199725599.71799.80224.7917.39

    7 2692599.96199.9613.3693.369101660199.96299.9630.5720.4563.3473.225199827599.8199.82416.6215.4

    8 872799.96199.9613.3743.374177659099.972499.7264.6734.55924.22224.094199927799.86399.86812.0111.54

    9 503799.96199.9613.4423.44292396499.9899.9812.0962.0371.7071.69200028699.88999.8939.7679.417

    10 725099.9699.963.53.5116875299.94399.9431.6271.6275.0185.018

    11 1412499.94399.9435570338799.86899.8683.0273.02711.57611.567

    12 1166299.94199.9415.1885.188408868399.78699.7862.6732.67318.81218.812

    13 217399.92799.9276.4596.459129140199.85499.8542.86822.86812.86212.862

    14476099.92499.9246.6576.657103835999.65399.6534.2844.28430.46730.467

    15 227099.91999.9197.1117.11188995899.80999.8092.4582.45816.80816.808

    16 576399.90299.9028.5668.56679708999.87499.8742.622.6211.08211.082

    17 429999.87599.87511.00211.00281159299.87299.8722.7672.76711.21211.212

    18 846099.8799.8711.43511.43540541099.8499.842.7892.78914.01714.017

    19226899.86899.86811.57611.576318944599.96199.9612.5862.5863.4473.447

    20 619099.86799.86711.71411.71484639499.78999.7893.9063.90618.54718.547

    21 825299.85299.85212.99412.99451584499.89399.8931.9871.9879.3969.396

    22 349399.83799.84114.27513.971253419699.90299.9022.0842.0848.5668.566

    23 912799.8299.8215.78615.786123408699.83199.8311.8131.81314.839914.839

    24 253499.80199.80917.516.74667326099.80299.8023.2933.29317.37517.375

    25 521699.899.817.60317.56943086599.75799.7572.9292.92921.30121.301

    26 733699.78699.78618.81218.81262021199.75399.7533.3763.37621.74321.743

    27 342199.72499.72624.22224.094333407499.92499.9241.691.696.6576.657

    28 388499.71599.71525.04725.04767693999.90499.9041.3521.3528.4138.413

    29 203999.64499.64431.25131.23875538899.93899.9381.5781.5785.4725.472

    30356299.62999.78232.62819.17480755399.73499.7344.8914.891223.38723.387

    360815399.96199.9611.4791.4793.3743.374

    81124599.98299.9821.0771.0771.6131.613

    165043199.96499.9641.6171.6173.1963.196

    140653499.94799.9470.6290.6294.614.61

    357042399.96599.9650.7990.7993.0183.018

    109026599.9899.980.5640.5641.7821.782

    135157499.96199.9611.5791.5793.4363.436

    55372899.98299.9821.1531.1531.6111.611

    74115599.9899.980.6440.6441.7451.745

    62763999.99199.9910.320.320.7930.793

    141752199.96799.9671.2121.2122.8812.881

    75165599.98199.9810.4710.4711.6291.629

    346100999.85299.8522.7072.70712.99412.994

    90978599.9599.951.6611.6614.3384.338

    77402699.96799.9671.8841.8842.9122.912

    46494499.96899.9680.9860.9862.7752.775

    106848099.90499.9043.7013.7018.4568.456

    43478099.95799.9571.871.873.7663.766

    84782299.67299.6886.2075.44128.227.385

    161984599.9899.981.3511.3511.7891.789

    43292199.88799.8872.9682.9689.959.95

    54811599.96499.9640.5540.5543.1743.174

    53096599.90299.9021.6331.6338.5688.568

    303023899.9699.960.9860.9863.53.5

    91247399.98199.9810.30.31.6481.648

    2000 10

    (KVA)(%)/ . / .

    RS-1RS-3AITC-1AITC-3AIHC-1AIHC-3

    233573899.9699.960.8790.8793.5523.552

    50831299.96199.9610.7510.7513.4843.484

    81557699.7299.723.5763.57624.57624.576

    90094199.97899.9780.3380.3381.8941.894

    44170599.80799.8070.3380.3381.8941.894

    65092799.92299.9222.2462.2466.8716.871

    529250099.94199.9411.4841.4845.1885.188

    57950799.81799.8173.1763.17616.10616.106

    105709399.9199.912.7322.6067.8617.861

    62990099.9599.951.3241.3244.4164.416

    79854599.95999.9591.2921.2923.5763.576

    42355399.97799.9771.8661.8661.9721.972

    192187099.96199.9612.752.753.4423.442

    67420199.95699.9561.0051.0053.8313.831

    69272399.98199.9811.2651.2651.6571.657

    61426799.85299.8523.2923.29215.36315.363

    74405699.75899.7581.9331.93321.27821.278

    110618199.91999.9192.8312.8317.1117.111

    43954499.78599.7854.264.2618.86618.866

    160030299.899.82.4652.41917.60317.569

    82933199.90299.9032.152.098.5928.551

    901182099.85799.8573.6963.68912.54212.535

    131380699.71599.7153.4823.48225.04725.047

    239017199.86799.8673.0493.04911.71411.714

    65328699.9899.980.7250.7251.7111.711

    229726299.8299.821.7831.78315.78615.786

    82595999.95399.9530.7650.7654.1354.135

    68274499.92199.9211.1851.1856.926.92

    91498199.95299.9520.8250.8254.2044.204

    67006599.9699.961.311.313.4893.489

    176450199.84199.8412.632.58713.97113.971

    117814999.92799.9271.0951.0956.4596.459

    61745499.97999.9790.7340.7341.8051.805

    109728499.62999.78210.5314.27832.62819.174

    167419099.87599.8751.6441.64411.00211.002

    43578599.90399.9031.9271.9278.4898.489

    136396599.97899.9781.1591.1231.9121.9

    82828599.96199.9612.3952.3953.4473.447

    220714599.97399.9730.7750.7752.4092.409

    46128599.98199.9810.3910.3911.641.64

    46523599.98299.9820.4690.46691.5691.569

    175097899.96199.9611.5291.5293.463.46

    78034099.96899.9680.980.982.7742.774

    97027599.97899.9780.6670.6672.0052.005

    156637699.97199.9710.3130.3132.5682.568

    55821099.97999.9790.6960.6961.8841.884

    1176551799.96599.9651.1531.1533.0733.073

    159408099.96899.9682.0742.0742.7952.795

    245200499.91299.9121.6011.5867.6947.694

    67909899.71299.7126.0656.06525.33125.331

    103067899.98199.9810.920.921.7091.709

    63177999.79499.7943.853.84818.0918.084

    562466199.96499.9671.4051.2083.2042.913

    134198899.95599.9561.5361.4593.9643.887

    155240899.9899.980.9980.9981.7281.728

    75765899.96299.9620.9090.9093.3133.313

    110466099.87899.8782.7622.76210.73610.736

    102226499.80199.8098.047.56817.516.746

    70307099.83499.8355.8175.67514.58614.514

    49763599.75399.7539.6649.66421.66721.667

    90585699.64499.6445.3795.35531.25131.238

    Pe capita Generation and Capacity

    p.c gdpp.c capacitypc generationpc net power use

    yuankwkWhkWh

    1981476.90.1309.1258.8

    1982510.90.1322.4270.8

    1983563.90.1341.1288.4

    1984667.10.1361.3306.3

    1985808.50.1388.0329.1

    1986901.90.1418.1353.2

    19871033.90.1455.0384.3

    19881267.10.1491.1415.3

    19891419.10.1518.9439.4

    19901547.70.1543.3458.9

    19911747.20.1584.9493.7

    19922051.30.1643.7543.0

    19932647.70.2706.6589.1

    19943654.60.2774.1642.2

    19954767.00.2831.4694.4

    19965539.30.2881.9737.0

    19976048.20.2917.4763.2

    19986373.90.2927.6773.0

    19996516.90.2979.4814.7

    20007062.90.31081.1999.6

    19992000

    kWh kWh

    % %

    11198.8210485.721354.8910336.019498.47837.548.112246.1811503.341574.6711365.7710490.4875.387.7

    1870.131739.9825.351794.651663.19131.467.332025.261885.3127.681957.881817.96139.927.15

    327.22297.264.99301.07282.4718.66.18 366.53331.824.73339.05318.120.956.18

    193.4180.5915.49178.69171.647.043.94 213.92198.3518.08196.49186.699.84.99

    683.95640.65666.54629.4237.125.57 743.59695.17723.85683.0440.815.64

    401.55369.59370.61338.6631.968.62 437.23408.09401.43372.2829.157.26

    264251.894.87252.2524111.255.54264251.894.87269.77257.8511.925.56

    1228.941161.07269.021104.681002.681029.231309.81241.21100.311175.391070.84104.568.9

    611.04582.71183.63530.69502.3628.335.34 666.14633.35581.42548.6332.795.64

    248.59227.6330.9237.01216.0520.968.84 254.4236.3445.29242.78224.7318.067.44

    369.3350.7354.5302.84284.2718.576.13389.26371.5255.02315.17297.4917.695.61

    3453.523221.12325.263109.92884.71225.197.243838.833567.47401.753527.133276.84250.297.1

    469.24443.0940.42384.92358.7726.156.79 524.17494.8843.34432.7403.4129.296.77

    792734.14110.4719.22661.3757.868.04 908.64844.53111.51824.62760.5164.117.77

    546.29523.35537.97497.0340.947.61 675.99624.6628.43645.62594.6850.947.89

    287.4268.43.26267.73246.5221.217.92 309.54289.354.34287.76264.7523.018

    332.8306.12128.35262.82247.5215.315.82 385.85348.61205.34301.79288.0513.744.55

    163.16152.17158.63145.1913.448.47 173.81159.62173.81159.6214.198.16

    844.62793.8542.83779.09728.3150.776.52 860.84805.838.8860.84805.8355.016.39

    2666.932534.54388.452464.592240.52224.079.092980.252868.68589.982764.812541.34223.478.08

    587.68572.39587.68530.0657.629.81 596.09623.39596.09559.3936.76.16

    439.31400.31403.02363.7339.289.75 465.24420.68429.5384.5544.9510.47

    360.6732932.78342.75312.0330.728.96 388.99351.9961.66369.07332.536.579.91

    970.21951.6321.74827.17760.2166.958.09 1186.731160.42386.771028.35955.9472.417.04

    275.13251.61268.37244.8523.528.76307.96281.13141.55304.71277.8826.838.8

    33.9329.6333.9333.9329.634.312.67 35.2531.0835.2531.084.1711.83

    1115.231026.99301.421049.55961.3988.168.41147.531062.52410.131061.96977.3484.617.97

    163.8152.1989.33130.26118.6511.618.91 192.23179.71105.84148135.7912.218.25

    460.15419.97174.65442.43402.2540.189.08 414.44381.58261.67392.99360.1332.868.36

    222.98213.315.18216.94207.289.664.45 249.82238.164.63243.71232.0511.664.78

    263.85237.9632.26255.46229.6325.8310.11 286.33259.0737.99272.55245.3627.199.98

    4.463.574.463.570.8919.884.714.014.714.010.714.8

    864.07802.0145.39810.0274664.027.9944.5877.1444.83874.55806.0868.477.83

    246.98225.9926.99246.98225.9920.998.5 265.77244.1433.37265.77244.1421.638.14

    259.17242.55239.7223.0816.626.93 276.85257.93237.37221.1316.246.84

    96.4389.945.0993.0386.766.276.74 104.7398.664.94101.2595.595.665.59

    108.33100.9313.31105.0997.697.47.04127.88119.96.52124.73115.689.067.26

    153.16142.61122.31112.499.838.03169.28157.51141.14129.5411.68.22

    2.622.62 4.054.05100

    Energy Consumption ElasticityEnergy Produciton Elasticity

    (energy consumption growth/gdp growth)(energy production growth/gdp growth)

    energy prodelectricity prod

    elesticityelesticityenery con elasticityelectricity con elasticity

    1st 5yr plan1953-19571.72.41953-1957

    2nd 5yr plan1958-19621958-1962

    1963-19650.20.91963-1965

    3rd 5 yr plan1966-19701.31.41966-1970

    4th 5 yr plan1971-19751.72.01971-1975

    5th 5 yr plan1976-19801.11.81976-1980

    6th 5 yr plan1981-19850.60.61981-1985

    7th 5 yr plan1986-19900.51.11986-1990

    8th 5yr plan1991-19950.40.91991-1995

    9th 5yr plan1996-2000-0.40.81996-2000

    10th 5yr plan2001-20052001-2005

    19840.60.519840.50.5

    19850.70.719850.60.7

    19860.31.119860.61.1

    19870.30.919870.60.9

    19880.40.919880.70.9

    19891.51.819891.01.8

    19900.61.619900.51.6

    19910.11.019910.61.0

    19920.20.819920.40.8

    19930.31.119930.20.7

    19940.60.919940.50.8

    19950.80.819950.70.8

    19960.20.719960.60.8

    19970.20.61997-0.6

    1998-0.80.31998-0.4

    1999-1.60.91999-0.9

    2000-0.01.42000-1.2

    Chinese Power Plants Technical IndicatorsChinese Electricity Generation and Consumption (TWh)

    Average capacity utilPower plant power consumptionline lossgross heat ratenet heat rate

    hours%%gsce/kWhgsce/kWhGrossPower SectorNetNetT & DTotal End

    195238006.1711.29727

    195747945.996.61604

    196235547.878.73549605

    196549206.987.31477518

    197055266.549.22463502

    197158106.689.48465505

    197257466.689.43464504

    197355306.269.53457496

    197450106.199.91450488

    197551976.2310.13450489

    197648696.3410.32449487

    197749476.4110.19446484

    197851496.619.64434471

    197951756.549.24422457

    198050786.448.93413448

    198149556.48.984074421980300.619.4281.20.025.1256.1

    198250076.328.644044381981309.319.8289.50.326.0263.8

    198351016.218.534004341982327.720.7307.00.326.5280.8

    198451906.288.283984321983351.421.8329.60.428.1301.9

    198553086.428.183984311984377.023.7353.30.829.3324.9

    198653886.548.153984321985410.726.4384.31.131.4354.0

    198753926.668.483984321986449.529.4420.11.234.2387.0

    198853136.698.183974311987497.333.1464.21.339.4426.1

    198951716.818.183974321988545.236.5508.71.541.6468.6

    199050416.98.063924271989584.739.8544.91.743.7502.9

    199150306.948.153904241990621.342.9578.41.846.6533.6

    1992503978.293864201991677.647.0630.62.951.4582.0

    199350686.968.523844171992753.952.8701.14.758.1647.7

    199452336.98.733814141993839.558.4781.14.466.5714.5

    199552166.788.773794121994928.1389.8538.3-2.059.6478.7

    199650336.888.5337741019951007.7372.8634.9-5.474.5560.4

    199747656.88.237540819961080.0550.8529.2-3.677.0452.3

    199845016.668.1337340419971134.5567.2567.2-7.179.8487.4

    199943936.58.136939919981157.7578.9578.9-7.279.1499.8

    200045176.287.736339219991233.1

    200120001368.8

    20011483.9

    [1] Power sector consumption refers to in-plant consumption (see Table 4B.4, Fossil Fuel-Fired Electric Utility Fuel Use).

    [2] Transmission and distribution losses; includes only losses from grids that have >500 kW of installed generation capacity and does not include losses from end user grids (mainly industry). Inclusion of line loss from end user distribution lines woul

    2000200MW1995-2000200040MW1995-200040MW

    (MW)

    (MW)UTH(MW/)UTH

    EAFEFOREAFEFOR

    SHRH(%)(%)SHRH(%)(%)

    (MW)UTH100MW1995123122.395917.226901.91076.281.99649.982.71131.852.22115.6125.3290.791.92(MW)(MW/)UTH1995606092.884896.935484.612558.151.72687.141.8730.10.675.64091.840.11

    EAF(%)EFOR1996131130.965899.246877.371145.691.87621.022.65116.442.0399.5816.2291.41.6EAF(%)EFOR19966161.1793.824621.855266.72885.911.85583.781.4623.610.466.03092.670.14

    SHRH(%)1997135134.125564.026550.611430.011.66636.572.23142.311.69104.6810.6190.981.7SHRH(%)19976968.89104.324487.395507.222628.371.58594.091.9530.320.7814.13092.980.39

    210MW1010.034889.166148.131957.521.4598.681.255.660.836.733.392.490.651998135134.255446.446538.951573.771.71564.671.7282.611.2155.211.0492.480.947170.58103.954606.925903.22290.241.86545.121.721.440.32.33093.530.0419987069.76103.884200.685951.1421611.71613.611.7234.250.8617.852.0592.580.3

    220MW22.015219.796980.461283.871466.064.9929.614.4928.8261.1893.640.541999135134.475257.16351.691802.381.44526.091.4179.840.9138.07693.010.6740-99MW313160.183310.084450.33773.891.9505.04230.780.485.83093.880.1319997271.27104.474701.316147.11985.311.88596.212.0531.390.436.090.9192.830.1

    250MW22.017032.588434.9136.41288.690000096.702000134132.495236.516433.741716.831.41552.991.5156.431.1344.716.9992.960.78100-199MW3332.56124.75467.966574.951567.931.87593.851.6323.270.121.21092.960.0220007170.58103.954606.925903.22290.241.86545.121.721.440.32.33093.530.04

    270-300MW165164.724928.246424.631520.341.29665.493.59149.552.85103.7116.9490.51.77125MW19959291.176049.867113.72740.372.23744.363.67161.552.68133.5358.5988.992.48200MW77.022003829.895882.632416.751.57456.90.713.720.280.94094.740.021995161160.76114.053586.755210.172840.342.41652.923.4256.571.4125.4814.4291.250.61

    163162.724979.076490.431446.81.3671.413.63151.362.88104.9617.1590.411.7719969695.985955.247010.23897.812.12677.143.44171.982.23138.8951.5489.692.5202201.96140.243219.85167.082799.561.63754.831.738.530.4615.590.1790.940.31996169168.21119.093193.224717.653309.161.87667.732.2165.470.9526.920.0291.280.79

    149148.685002.656513.11452.171.3639.063.67155.672.87105.418.3390.721.781997106105.075374.436637.141325.191.79689.212.84108.461.6571.21790.71.2740-99MW101100.6957.932654.394360.163835.31.56497.542.1167.010.3316.20.0193.560.371997179178.45119.192973.844784.063334.761.57568.512.1272.670.7829.617.3591.611.29

    1414.044729.56250.551389.921.211013.793.21105.732.99100.374.6587.171.631998115114.555061.56476.471668.11.57531.772.5183.661.6954.913.5992.821100-199MW4747.13130.112946.484615.73505.471.74620.51118.310.343.210.4692.70.081998189188.81123.723152.74931.593184.721.69555.592.2188.110.8133.4111.3592.520.67

    22.01806.561088.637483.480.5185.490.52.390.52.39097.860.221999124123.195173.876573.431550.181.61542.992.5393.41.4857.6413.892.581.01200-299MW2525.07226.44654.296267.62074.251.36413.040.445.10.282.95095.230.051999196195.06130.153100.794924.023216.681.76574.721.6744.570.5525.885.7892.860.52

    320MW44.012597.893635.884795.140.5273.541.555.440.250.18096.240.012000139138.615493.936810.551307.031.49535.182.48107.241.6177.2320.1392.441.33300MW2929.08369.032924.385338.342217.281.931152.072.5452.31.2429.020.1986.250.542000202201.96140.243219.85167.082799.561.63754.831.738.530.4615.590.1790.940.3

    22.015176.047208.95893.11547.072.99110.880.50.36092.490.01200MW19951491496054.297044.8609.752.15848.214.71257.253.91224.5561.6386.683.681818.05242.782354.932642.624429.072.22993.3324.49694.9818.89527.52080.7316.64

    22.0119.7562.818697.19000000010001996159158.855959.36994.08695.041.96834.874.22236.023.27189.5641.1987.313.14291290.6137.733379.275025.952884.41.72742.53.12107.151.5669.120.1290.31.36

    330MW1010.034983.96261861.461864.115.68773.434.89733.851181.1810.651997166165.745717.576868.81926.31.76800.383.6164.42.83143.9523.9488.712.35

    66.026058.947493.51292.340.83643.487.15330.676.32276.4918.2388.673.791998172171.635458.226506.441327.791.64774.542.7151.232122.8816.4989.242.060501065000

    44.013371.354412.231715.141.251195.063.491437.572.741419.880.1669.9524.351999173171.495325.396451.561433.531.41740.72.74134.22.11107.4221.4589.771.91

    350MW2929.084926.286968.07952.81.2758.333.3780.792.9663.1216.2890.241.012000176174.525280.356493.381384.611.36760.092.72121.922.0892.0918.0589.731.61

    22.014762.726587.791500.621.99626.612.4944.982.4944.989.5392.220.82300MW199565655690.146658.35577.091.92973.98.97550.667.58475.7264.681.867.49

    2727.074938.46996.24912.221.15768.093.4483.442.9964.4616.7890.091.0219968080.225556.636699.95570.551.86999.149.47490.377.57399.4178.882.16.61

    360-362.566.023442.125232.012781.060.83693.393.9953.543.4943.350.1691.470.8219971041045245.486597.131047.231.69767.897.32347.745.82246.6535.6586.864.03

    MW19981261264804.316252.161396.641.638605.29251.214.2318923.7887.043.25

    500MW66.024869.696610.511053.082.16770.425.32325.983.66189.0527.7387.173.11999142141.164834.756297.21551.511.38726.693.9184.593.12135.0314.3889.432.26

    600MW1414.044958.916838.26860.061.42764.766.05296.924.77219.3810.4587.763.232000165164.724928.246424.631520.341.29665.493.59149.552.85103.7116.9490.51.77

    55.013965.945471.691849.21843.468.18595.646.58430.117.7283.487.41

    99.025510.567597.46310.541.66721.044.88130.963.77102.311.9890.141.45

    660MW33.015906.37252.3558.520.66287.1610.971161.979.97819.45173.8881.4712.31

    1.0411

    2.100102

    3.

    4.

    2000100-200MW

    (MW)UTH

    EAF(%)EFOR

    SHRH(%)

    100MW134132.495236.516433.741716.831.41552.991.5156.431.1344.716.9992.960.78

    127125.475401.486612.511524.231.44566.921.5256.341.1343.987.3892.80.76

    118117.085437.296647.351484.261.43568.841.6159.551.246.346.7592.750.78

    98.44902.16126.692081.551.67540.190.3911.570.2411.1116.1793.520.44

    77.022287.623238.15159.860.85303.931.2858.111.1457.82095.871.75

    110MW32.746800.217517.59484.312.55668.413.6589.692.5564.722.7491.310.89

    120MW22.015499.947349.1506.951.99597.259.47306.690013.9289.520.19

    125MW139138.615493.936810.551307.031.49535.182.48107.241.6177.2320.1392.441.33

    131130.595615.936946.271172.41.49527.872.6113.461.6881.6519.2192.461.35

    128127.585650.286959.811165.491.48522.62.5112.11.5879.7119.6692.531.32

    33.014159.376371.891465.31.66751.466.98171.356.32163.8089.472.51

    88.023507.74601.143498.691.62654.210.55.960.375.3235.0192.060.86

    142-167MW66.024555.046364.021380.911.5778.647.31236.436.15201.0569.2687.623.11

    22.015556.447216.53684.291.5838.425.9820.755.4810.216.8490.110.24

    44.013966.185862.711790.551.5743.497.98363.256.48313.27105.9786.165.08

    199-200MW176174.525280.356493.381384.611.36760.092.72121.922.0892.0918.0589.731.61

    173172.235342.386567.211300.751.38768.922.72123.122.192.918.2989.611.61

    160159.765339.786588.091278.031.4769.62.78124.282.0991.7118.8389.581.59

    1312.465375.766299.621591.91.12760.112.33108.372.25108.111.489.961.86

    32.3627.17954.657675.210.4498.390.4431.740.4431.74098.513.22

    1.0411

    2.100102

    3.

    4.

    Shares of Electricity in primary energy and end energy consumption

    share inelectricity energyshare in

    coal consumuse/primary energy conend energy consump

    198017.9820.64.81

    198118.1321.186.14

    198218.2521.336.24

    198318.2821.296.3

    198418.7821.166.3

    198519.1421.326.37

    198620.6322.136.63

    198721.3322.796.85

    198822.3823.277.01

    198924.2423.957.21

    199025.1324.687.55

    199126.6725.467.86

    199228.6826.678.32

    199331.4828.748.6

    199432.3228.849.12

    199533.1329.589.18

    199634.7830.769.25

    199738.8632.769.3

    199842.1234.699.35

    199950.1740.0710.9

    200060.8541.7211.2

    1. Power sector coal consumption as a percentage of toal coal consumption

    2 Power sector energy use as a percentage of primary energy use

    3. Power consumption as a percentage of final energy consumption

    Power consumption

    Total consumption1346.621611209.22803

    primary industry978.61151880.63955

    second industry147.43135129.13292

    tertiary industry167.18295146.98334

    Residential99.6610886.93505

    urban67.5218760.04829

    rural117.943866106.224469

    1409.963619

    (kWh)

    20001999

    13466216112092280311.36

    A533958052472221.76

    978611518806395511.13

    147431351291329214.17

    167182951469833413.74

    B9966108869350514.64

    6752187600482912.45

    11794386610622446911.03

    70892566956210 32849391.91

    338400914736813.02

    150592848342142.19

    48799911007960.95

    1089401649928.08

    1.1801751472209.2

    2.17047496451515.8

    3.9846047444732.08

    4.765072868454542.77

    5.96536237856739811.16

    6.101836721735899218.87

    201133226948646215.87

    76422915103135729.98

    1.1077728988211844.5

    2.924969236091064.86

    366192126215991.46

    1.27030327695233.11

    (1)7975249742163.64

    (2)109745168238412.65

    (3)80121211075017.41

    (4)10383753606-6.24

    (5)8471513318158.03

    (6)14199113592076.62

    (7)1385606765318821.94

    2.85758948248859412.06

    3.272829437204089.63

    )4330332196265616.39

    1.23222711835029818.32

    2.2016133388162709.87

    3.944625286192827.15

    4.936717213785658.68

    154993936884712.43

    4388496171618.98

    5.67310114290669.06

    6.122548876674297.23

    76993178212415.36

    7.864068133890110.48

    1579201183308817.95

    8.226716178623023.68

    9.1041947660688832.52

    10.734133659694811.12

    672921932122212.73

    11.10462493559879912.24

    6174634195161510.28

    12.229292159707917.49

    13.739738260800423.89

    14.293640040454012.59

    462187261508614.25

    15.299496155746414.53

    707902417772126.99

    16.5059868192494621.12

    23377778428621.45

    17.8742812185013.73

    132491423687368.73

    2614450179611610.37

    19600191489099.13

    143924921854-3.35

    1.10127585726209.86

    654431332786214.29

    4016887542342020.7

    2.6274694152433115.7

    172012911302112.84

    35638521854263.07

    1.13436356018618.88

    64682290740815.47

    102374036451012.82

    2.41130197214112.84

    3.1120959109484415.31

    4.135174323.46

    5.

    6.

    :

    1985199019951996199719981999

    4117.66230.410023.410764.311273.611590.412305.2

    4106.9621210077.310800.211344.71166212393

    923.71267.21905.81879.71959.820802038.1

    3183.24944.88043.28777.19240.7944110205.4

    128.3143.4144.2141149.5

    11.119.36.41.20.90.23.7

    (-)0.40.960.337.17271.791.5

    4117.66230.410023.410764.311284.411598.412305.2

    :

    1.317.4426.8582.4618.3639.8623.5660.4

    2. 3283.44873.37659.88044.78395.784068832.7

    3.71.265159.6181.8117.4188.8142.3

    4.63.4105.9182.3197.9255.9255.6254.8

    5.3876.2199.5223.1265.1293.4342.8

    6.121.7202.4234.2365.4357.4506.7591.4

    7.222.5480.81005.61133.11253.21324.51480.8

    :

    () 3813.35795.89278.99994.81048610807.511443.3

    #2979.14438.76915.37275.27597.376157970.8

    () 304.3434.6744.5769.5798.4790.9861.9

    199819992000

    1422.45225.75744.1727.97191.5158.4574.6111536973.51443052.15689340.87422651626228.11383616.6652470.99536612.91087446.63829009.415073081343579.51257193.4512076

    29.7611.554.847.757.433462398123311167465810875222100975421849212475694999

    17.8114.592.060.650.4394610.693155.6145512576412226425001000

    76.8156.994.139.25.34683082489200855567501033316428866310312405214470333330

    23.0249.911.277.364.49598781534510276372489211742443158.1356011.1398052925218090

    39.42351.661.071.699949081079660076114200205055204755300

    60.650.144.844.940.684670573775613740645786630429759043810181746417141832012000

    24.976.0816.180.861.560.31898582567413564715991929632501804551262303595818267

    44.898.5523.616.545.490.72868642217013291915244170001159076663999651630323000

    50.840.0130.837.0910.622.29290447148904459347231523294291454128715506597835433726

    76.130.8244.169.459.1510.432.14588037939729744215226940104657452308043305122368126518156060572924943621377

    108.1419.1451.8418.524.3410.913.381146745.457163372470.258999670035.347616.19464.81213867.814629286460.37770305476180237.5750

    35.430.7927.942.683.370.654805448493374849325335666980003144994000250013183853140110700

    58.1315.225.726.768.531.933490281293681178844665139273158522218881311512665134517201319438

    20.6313.670.582.214.181986637780157873414164511614529010226416215438111321067026446

    72.3259.22.298.162.67745457632861342915830520000566569404788521668961520000

    32.3922.13.885.111.3425732252474649039422714128405733279109371687825611200

    67.4213.735.274.415.978.073669241006981388071855631488773751543591833935419361473296431490

    43.0814.6618.993.035.141.25179825555285951621782249991800031258210982398538463863283525000

    88.2410.9142.7330.371.392.749062841380474377601503361801411038094308531507455742181635251166282125

    25.463.2316.511.222.012.5127192.221423.126493291452668123450.1113795.618801.66200284584739412942

    0.530.260.180.09742.2742.291769036140

    33.2520.560.7510.731.2112079666142107153047113468590101691120013652803412500

    80.6366.597.312.534.27893284834406710710831987589428733237342304072900031429272515647

    17.4813.12.80.930.65125687106000520764808000133408147003520637541399616000

    25.918.089.142.832.922.932527518974457034405823065734734314047.915018096000374181913511314.9

    3.23.23241016831124514189145300019001100

    30.130.3918.732.892.835.2825343092529855224582549046614024132816940121444360353928727622

    26.892.6116.033.271.623.36248457149601230394751125882370651916031682089510367892771020774

    21.5712.174.533.380.820.67115833.253654406374171131564215.2581674202470009143

    3.721.640.590.241.2614060.8350211511595.821850.31952501314885.3

    17.3613.531.761.260.82143861981651731522224615791840.5577161583484539837.5

    116.4839.3653.9222.52 868757.1221600480819.8151837.314500 726561.717927425299236.5242386.95639.3

    MBD00DE7354.unknown

    MBD010D6B94.unknown

  • Chinese motivations for reform Disturbance (of SOE system)Marketization and organization reform (corporatization; privatization)Price stability, especially for favored usersAccess growthFinancing of capacity growth Professional networksTechnical by-pass (telecom)Politically organized interest groups disserved (price or quality)Environmental management

  • First phase Reforms1985-1992 capacity expansion by allowing a peripheral track to supplement core planningRestrictive monetary policies on state credit and bank reform Build out by local governments, SOEs, FDIs; IPPs and some local distribution grid extensions with high costsMultiplication of fragmented tariff rates under national and local price controls, but average prices remain relatively high for leading developing countriesDecentralization of some financial means (retained earnings, fees) to provincial utilities Quota allocations of dispatch not tied to marginal cost

  • First phase Reforms1992-1997: stalled comprehensive reformsCore track is state planned and bank-financed, standard nationally produced, 300 MW coal-fired unit on unreformed SOE modelImproved efficiency (heat rates) on standard modelState owned IPPs with daughter company international financing and access to national securities marketsRolling mill 4 or Hubei unit 4 as separate listed firms Ownership of new capacity by state IPPs, but political offtakeLimited FDI large scale investment: Shajiao B&C, Shandong Power, Laibin B, Meizhouwan, Yangchung, developed on power purchase agreement model with Laibin B competitive bid

  • First phase reformsPeripheral track is composed of smaller and less efficient/clean (oil fired) plantsBimodal development pattern emerges in fast growing provinces with high demand and local retained earnings to finance outside of state loan or licensing systemself-generation to avoid unreliable provincial dispatchStable political off-take allocations (quotas) in provincial systems at controlled prices with local price committee review and approvalSome financed as joint ventures with offshore China investors in political merchant market (Zhujiang 1&2)FDI largely below the regulatory thresholds of national state (with offshore Chinese capital)

  • Complete data

    Country NameProject NameClass NameClass TypeParent Name% PrivateClosure DateTech NameYodRegion NameCountry NameSubsector NameProject NameClass NameAddtl InvestDivest RevInitial CostTotalCapacity Quantity

    SRI LANKAACE Power Generation Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOOAitken Spence and Company; Commonwealth Development Corporation100%2/28/01DIESEL2001SOUTH ASIASRI LANKAELECTRICITYACE Power Generation Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT00282840y

    THAILANDAdvance Agro Public Co. Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOOAdvance Agro Public Co. Ltd.100%1/31/95WASTE1995EAPTHAILANDELECTRICITYAdvance Agro Public Co. Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT0057.557.556.7y

    COSTA RICAAeroenergiaGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOAeroenergia SA100%12/31/96WIND1996LACCOSTA RICAELECTRICITYAeroenergiaGREENFIELD PROJECT009.39.36.4y

    ARGENTINAAES CaracolesOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITUREBROTAES Corporation100%12/31/98HYDRO1999LACARGENTINAELECTRICITYAES CaracolesOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITURE00360360228y

    BANGLADESHAES Haripur Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOOAES Corporation100%4/4/01COMBINED CYCLE2001SOUTH ASIABANGLADESHELECTRICITYAES Haripur Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT00183183360y

    SRI LANKAAES Kelanitissa Power ProjectGREENFIELD PROJECTBOTAES Corporation; Hayleys Group (Sri Lanka)100%6/1/01COMBINED CYCLE2001SOUTH ASIASRI LANKAELECTRICITYAES Kelanitissa Power ProjectGREENFIELD PROJECT00104104163y

    SOUTH AFRICAAES Kelvin PowerOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITUREBROTAES Corporation; Global African Power Ltd50%12/18/01GAS2001AFRICASOUTH AFRICAELECTRICITYAES Kelvin PowerOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITURE0028.428.4600y

    GEORGIAAES Khrami I & IIOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITUREROTAES Corporation0%1/1/00HYDRO2000ECAGEORGIAELECTRICITYAES Khrami I & IIOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITURE062329223y

    PAKISTANAES Lal Pir (Pakistan) Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOOAES Corporation100%3/14/95COMBINED CYCLE1995SOUTH ASIAPAKISTANELECTRICITYAES Lal Pir (Pakistan) Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT00343343362y

    BANGLADESHAES Meghnaghat Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOOAES Corporation100%4/12/01COMBINED CYCLE2001SOUTH ASIABANGLADESHELECTRICITYAES Meghnaghat Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT00300300450y

    2001AFRICANIGERIAELECTRICITYAES Nigeria Barge LimitedGREENFIELD PROJECT00225225225n

    PAKISTANAES Pak Gen (Pakistan) Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOOAES Corporation; Pak Gen Power100%1/1/95DIESEL1995SOUTH ASIAPAKISTANELECTRICITYAES Pak Gen (Pakistan) Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT00349349337y

    ARGENTINAAES ParanaGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTAES Corporation; PSEG Global Inc.100%6/30/99GAS1999LACARGENTINAELECTRICITYAES ParanaGREENFIELD PROJECT00448448830y

    2001AFRICACAMEROONELECTRICITYAES SonelOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITURE070.4070.4800n

    PAKISTANAgrilectric Larkana Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOAgrilectric Power Inc.100%6/30/95WASTE1995SOUTH ASIAPAKISTANELECTRICITYAgrilectric Larkana Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT00101010y

    PERUAguaytia Energy del Peru SAGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTDuke Energy Corp.; El Paso Energy Intl; Illinova Generating Co; Pennsylvania Power & Light; The Maple Gas Corporation100%7/29/96GAS1996LACPERUELECTRICITYAguaytia Energy del Peru SAGREENFIELD PROJECT00257257155y

    OMANAl Kamil Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOONational Power100%3/31/01GAS2001MENAOMANELECTRICITYAl Kamil Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT00130130280y

    OMANAl Manah Gas-Fired Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOTTractebel100%5/27/94GAS1994MENAOMANELECTRICITYAl Manah Gas-Fired Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT00204.5204.5270y

    1999MENAOMANELECTRICITYAl Manah Gas-Fired Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT00183183270n

    THAILANDAlpha Power Company Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOOAlphatec Group100%10/1/96COMBINED CYCLE GAS1996EAPTHAILANDELECTRICITYAlpha Power Company Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT00400400420y

    PAKISTANAltern Energy Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOOAltern Inc.100%7/31/96GAS1996SOUTH ASIAPAKISTANELECTRICITYAltern Energy Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT00101014y

    BAHRAINAluminum Bahrain Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOInvestment Fund of Saudi Arabia23%1/1/93GAS1993MENABAHRAINELECTRICITYAluminum Bahrain Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT0000250y

    VIETNAMAmata Power Bien Hoa Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOTAmata Power Co. Ltd; Banpu of Thailand100%12/31/97DIESEL1997EAPVIETNAMELECTRICITYAmata Power Bien Hoa Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT0011011020y

    THAILANDAmata Power Company Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOOBang Pakong Industrial Park II; Borneo Co100%12/20/96COMBINED CYCLE1996EAPTHAILANDELECTRICITYAmata Power Company Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT00148148150y

    THAILANDAmata-EGCO Power Co. Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOOAmata Power Co. Ltd; Electricity Generating Co (ECGO)85%1/9/97COMBINED CYCLE1997EAPTHAILANDELECTRICITYAmata-EGCO Power Co. Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT00159159170y

    PHILIPPINESAmbuklao Hydro Power PlantOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITURERLTMIESCOR100%1/1/95HYDRO1995EAPPHILIPPINESELECTRICITYAmbuklao Hydro Power PlantOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITURE00.23636.275y

    INDONESIAAmurang Coal Fired Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOTPT Putradharma Harmotchnik; PT Transmega Ekacipta Corp; Soebiakto Prawira Soebroto100%1/1/97COAL1997EAPINDONESIAELECTRICITYAmurang Coal Fired Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT045253.5298.5110y

    CHINAAnhui New Energy Heat and PowerGREENFIELD PROJECTBOTAlliant Energy; Bengbu Thermal Power64%3/1/01COAL2001EAPCHINAELECTRICITYAnhui New Energy Heat and PowerGREENFIELD PROJECT000080y

    BRAZILAraucariaGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOCompanhia Paranaense de Energia (COPEL); El Paso Energy Intl80%10/5/01COMBINED CYCLE2001LACBRAZILELECTRICITYAraucariaGREENFIELD PROJECT00538538468y

    TURKEYARESGREENFIELD PROJECTBOTGucbirligi Holding Inc100%12/18/98WIND1998ECATURKEYELECTRICITYARESGREENFIELD PROJECT00007.2y

    INDIAAstha Power Corp. Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTAstha Power Corp. Ltd.100%10/31/99GAS1999SOUTH ASIAINDIAELECTRICITYAstha Power Corp. Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT0025.825.828y

    ARGENTINAAvenida Fenix SAGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTCharter Oak Energy; Merrill Intl100%12/31/96GAS1996LACARGENTINAELECTRICITYAvenida Fenix SAGREENFIELD PROJECT009090160y

    1999AFRICACOTE D'IVOIREELECTRICITYAzito Power ProjectGREENFIELD PROJECT00223223420n

    MEXICOBajio Gas-Fired Power ProjectGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOAEP Resources; Intergen100%5/31/00GAS2000LACMEXICOELECTRICITYBajio Gas-Fired Power ProjectGREENFIELD PROJECT00230230600y

    2001ECAAZERBAIJANELECTRICITYBaku Electricity NetworkOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITURE002302305800n

    PHILIPPINESBakun River Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOTAboitiz Equity Ventures; Ever Group; Pacific Hydro100%6/27/97HYDRO1997EAPPHILIPPINESELECTRICITYBakun River Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT0014514570y

    THAILANDBangchak Power CompanyGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOBangchak Petroluem Plc (2).; Coastal Power (2); Electricity Generating Co (EGCO) (2); Sri U-Thong Group (2)85%11/5/96COMBINED CYCLE GAS1996EAPTHAILANDELECTRICITYBangchak Power CompanyGREENFIELD PROJECT00969696y

    THAILANDBangkok Co-Generation Company Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOOAir Products & Chemicals (2); Bangkok Bank (2); Hua Kee Co (2)100%7/23/96COMBINED CYCLE GAS1996EAPTHAILANDELECTRICITYBangkok Co-Generation Company Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT0098.898.8107y

    THAILANDBan-Pong Sugar Co. Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOOBan-Pong Sugar Co. Ltd.100%7/4/96WASTE1996EAPTHAILANDELECTRICITYBan-Pong Sugar Co. Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT00181818y

    PHILIPPINESBarge Rehabiliatation ProjectOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITUREROTMirant100%1/1/95DIESEL1995EAPPHILIPPINESELECTRICITYBarge Rehabiliatation ProjectOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITURE00150150270y

    OMANBarka Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOAES Corporation; Multitech100%5/1/01GAS2001MENAOMANELECTRICITYBarka Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT00415.3415.3427y

    INDIABasin Bridge Diesel-Fired Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOTCMS Energy Corporation; Energy Electricity Corp; GMR Vasavi Group100%10/1/96DIESEL1996SOUTH ASIAINDIAELECTRICITYBasin Bridge Diesel-Fired Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT00236236200y

    PHILIPPINESBataan EPZA Diesel PlantOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITUREROTOgden Corporation40%6/1/94DIESEL1994EAPPHILIPPINESELECTRICITYBataan EPZA Diesel PlantOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITURE00303058y

    PHILIPPINESBauang La Union Diesel-Fired Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOTFirst Philippine Holdings; Meralco100%1/1/94DIESEL1994EAPPHILIPPINESELECTRICITYBauang La Union Diesel-Fired Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT00230230215y

    INDIABellary Power ProjectGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOSree Rayalaseema Alkalies & Allied Chemicals100%1/31/98DIESEL1998SOUTH ASIAINDIAELECTRICITYBellary Power ProjectGREENFIELD PROJECT0028.228.227.8y

    MAURITIUSBelle Vue Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOHarel Freres; SIDEC78%6/30/98COAL1998AFRICAMAURITIUSELECTRICITYBelle Vue Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT00109.3109.3100y

    PHILIPPINESBenguet Province Hydro PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOAboitiz Equity Ventures100%1/1/92HYDRO1992EAPPHILIPPINESELECTRICITYBenguet Province Hydro PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT00454522y

    INDIABhandaradara Small Hydro ProjectGREENFIELD PROJECTBLODLZ Corp.100%5/31/99HYDRO1999SOUTH ASIAINDIAELECTRICITYBhandaradara Small Hydro ProjectGREENFIELD PROJECT0013.313.332y

    INDIABhoruka Power Co. Ltd. (Shivpur HEP)GREENFIELD PROJECTBOOBhoruka Steel Ltd.; INTESCO100%1/1/92HYDRO1992SOUTH ASIAINDIAELECTRICITYBhoruka Power Co. Ltd. (Shivpur HEP)GREENFIELD PROJECT00181818y

    PHILIPPINESBinga Hydro Power PlantOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITURERLTChina Chang Jiang Envery Corp100%1/1/93HYDRO1993EAPPHILIPPINESELECTRICITYBinga Hydro Power PlantOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITURE02.55052.5100y

    TURKEYBirecik Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOTAlcatel; Gama; Philip Holzman70%11/18/95HYDRO1995ECATURKEYELECTRICITYBirecik Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT0015901590672y

    DOMINICAN REPUBLICBoca Chica Power BargeGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTMaxon Corp.100%1/1/00DIESEL2000LACDOMINICAN REPUBLICELECTRICITYBoca Chica Power BargeGREENFIELD PROJECT004040105y

    HUNGARYBorsodChemGREENFIELD PROJECTBOTBorsodChem; EMASZ; Hungarian Oil & Gas Co; RWE Energie100%4/10/99STEAM1999ECAHUNGARYELECTRICITYBorsodChemGREENFIELD PROJECT0046.346.350y

    THAILANDBowin Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOHemaraj Land and Development Cy Ltd; Tractebel100%9/30/00COMBINED CYCLE2000EAPTHAILANDELECTRICITYBowin Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT00370370740y

    INDIABSES Andhra PowerGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOBombay Suburban Electric Supply Company; Prasad & Co; SEW Construction100%6/30/00COMBINED CYCLE2000SOUTH ASIAINDIAELECTRICITYBSES Andhra PowerGREENFIELD PROJECT00165165230y

    INDIABSES Dahanu Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOBombay Suburban Electric Supply Company100%5/15/91COAL1991SOUTH ASIAINDIAELECTRICITYBSES Dahanu Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT00613.6613.6500y

    INDIABSES Kerala Power Pvt. Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOTBombay Suburban Electric Supply Company80%6/30/98COAL1998SOUTH ASIAINDIAELECTRICITYBSES Kerala Power Pvt. Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT00106.6106.6165y

    BOLIVIABulo Bulo Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTNRG Energy; Pan American Energy; Vattenfall100%6/30/99GAS1999LACBOLIVIAELECTRICITYBulo Bulo Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT00505087y

    PHILIPPINESCalaca Batangas Diesel Power BargesGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOKeppel Group; Polar Energy Inc.100%1/1/93DIESEL1993EAPPHILIPPINESELECTRICITYCalaca Batangas Diesel Power BargesGREENFIELD PROJECT00959590y

    INDIACalcutta Electric Supply CorporationGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOCalcutta Electric Supply Corporation100%6/30/93COAL1993SOUTH ASIAINDIAELECTRICITYCalcutta Electric Supply CorporationGREENFIELD PROJECT00547.7547.7500y

    PHILIPPINESCaliraya-Botocan-Kalayaan Hydro ProjectOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITUREBROTEdison International; IMPSA100%2/1/01HYDRO2001EAPPHILIPPINESELECTRICITYCaliraya-Botocan-Kalayaan Hydro ProjectOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITURE00460460728y

    CAMBODIACambodia Power CompanyGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOBeacon Hill100%6/12/97DIESELn

    CAMBODIACambodia Power CompanyGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOMossbacher Power Group100%6/12/97DIESELn

    MEXICOCampeche Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOTransAlta Corp.100%12/11/00COMBINED CYCLE2001LACMEXICOELECTRICITYCampeche Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT00200200250y

    2001LACBRAZILELECTRICITYCampos Novos - Blumenau Transmission LineGREENFIELD PROJECT0058.558.5252.5n

    VIETNAMCan DonGREENFIELD PROJECTBOTSong Da General Construction Company100%10/11/99HYDRO1999EAPVIETNAMELECTRICITYCan DonGREENFIELD PROJECT00818172y

    BRAZILCana Brava Hydroelectric Power ProjectGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTTractebel100%12/8/00HYDRO2000LACBRAZILELECTRICITYCana Brava Hydroelectric Power ProjectGREENFIELD PROJECT00426426450y

    COSTA RICACano GrandeGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOHidroelectrica Cano Grande SA100%12/31/92HYDRO1996LACCOSTA RICAELECTRICITYCano GrandeGREENFIELD PROJECT002.62.62.2y

    COSTA RICACano Grande IIIGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOHidrovenecia SA0%3/1/99HYDRO1999LACCOSTA RICAELECTRICITYCano Grande IIIGREENFIELD PROJECT001.91.91.9y

    BRAZILCanoasGREENFIELD PROJECTBOTCompanhia Brasileira de Aluminio (CBA)50%1/30/98HYDRO1998LACBRAZILELECTRICITYCanoasGREENFIELD PROJECT00150150154y

    INDIACarborundum Universal Ltd (Maniyar HEP)GREENFIELD PROJECTBOOCarborundum Universal Ltd.100%1/1/92HYDRO1992SOUTH ASIAINDIAELECTRICITYCarborundum Universal Ltd (Maniyar HEP)GREENFIELD PROJECT006.96.912y

    1997SOUTH ASIAINDIAELECTRICITYCarborundum Universal Ltd (Maniyar HEP)GREENFIELD PROJECT000012n

    PHILIPPINESCavite EPZA Diesel Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOOgden Corporation100%1/1/94DIESEL1994EAPPHILIPPINESELECTRICITYCavite EPZA Diesel Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT00505063y

    DOMINICAN REPUBLICCayman Power Barge Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTOdyssea Vessels Inc.100%3/17/98DIESEL1998LACDOMINICAN REPUBLICELECTRICITYCayman Power Barge Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT00202050y

    1999LACDOMINICAN REPUBLICELECTRICITYCayman Power Barge Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT0030.530.550n

    PHILIPPINESCE Casecnan Power and Water ProjectGREENFIELD PROJECTBOTCalEnergy100%1/1/96HYDRO1996EAPPHILIPPINESELECTRICITYCE Casecnan Power and Water ProjectGREENFIELD PROJECT00495495150y

    ARGENTINACentral Eolica Cerro ArenalesGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTIFU; Micon; Sociedad Cooperativa Popular Ltda (SCPL)0%1/1/94WIND1997LACARGENTINAELECTRICITYCentral Eolica Cerro ArenalesGREENFIELD PROJECT005.35.316.6yyear diff

    2000LACARGENTINAELECTRICITYCentral Eolica Cerro ArenalesGREENFIELD PROJECT007716.6n

    ARGENTINACentral Filo MoradoGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOIATE SA; YPF SA100%12/31/93GAS1993LACARGENTINAELECTRICITYCentral Filo MoradoGREENFIELD PROJECT00454563y

    ARGENTINACentral Genelba SAGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTCia. Naviera Perez Companc100%1/31/96COMBINED CYCLE1996LACARGENTINAELECTRICITYCentral Genelba SAGREENFIELD PROJECT00226226660y

    MEXICOCentral Rio BravoGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOElectricite de France100%3/31/00COMBINED CYCLE2000LACMEXICOELECTRICITYCentral Rio BravoGREENFIELD PROJECT00234.5234.5495y

    MEXICOCentral SaltilloGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOElectricite de France100%5/31/00COMBINED CYCLE2000LACMEXICOELECTRICITYCentral SaltilloGREENFIELD PROJECT00160160247y

    ARGENTINACentral Termica Agua del CajonGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTAstra Capsa; El Paso Energy Intl100%11/30/92GAS1992LACARGENTINAELECTRICITYCentral Termica Agua del CajonGREENFIELD PROJECT00160160371y

    ARGENTINACentral Termica Tucuman SAGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTAstra Capsa100%1/31/97GAS1997LACARGENTINAELECTRICITYCentral Termica Tucuman SAGREENFIELD PROJECT00210210835y

    2000LACARGENTINAELECTRICITYCentral Termica Tucuman SAGREENFIELD PROJECT00181181835n

    ARGENTINACentral Termoelectrica Buenos Aires SAGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTChilectra; Endesa (Chile); Enersis100%1/31/95COMBINED CYCLE1995LACARGENTINAELECTRICITYCentral Termoelectrica Buenos Aires SAGREENFIELD PROJECT00120120220y

    ARGENTINACentrales Termicas San Miguel de TucumanGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTCharter Oak Energy; Merrill Intl; Sideco Americana SA100%6/30/95GAS1995LACARGENTINAELECTRICITYCentrales Termicas San Miguel de TucumanGREENFIELD PROJECT00125125234y

    2001LACARGENTINAELECTRICITYCentrales Termicas San Miguel de TucumanGREENFIELD PROJECT005050234n

    INDIAChandrapura Power StationOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITURERLTKorea Electric Power Company (KEPCO)100%1/1/96DIESEL1996SOUTH ASIAINDIAELECTRICITYChandrapura Power StationOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITURE0191837780y

    CHINAChanghong Thermal Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOTTractebel60%10/15/97COAL1997EAPCHINAELECTRICITYChanghong Thermal Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT00202027y

    CHINAChangzhou City Combined-Cycle Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOTSithe Energies Inc.80%3/15/97COMBINED CYCLE1997EAPCHINAELECTRICITYChangzhou City Combined-Cycle Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT0020.320.345y

    CHINAChengdu AES Kaihu Gas Turbine Power Co. Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOTAES Corporation35%9/30/96GAS1996EAPCHINAELECTRICITYChengdu AES Kaihu Gas Turbine Power Co. Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT00181848y

    POLANDChorzowGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTElektrownia Chorzow; PSEG Global Inc.100%11/30/00COAL2000ECAPOLANDELECTRICITYChorzowGREENFIELD PROJECT0000220y

    PHILIPPINESClark Air Base Diesel Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOTPolar Energy Inc.75%1/1/97DIESEL1997EAPPHILIPPINESELECTRICITYClark Air Base Diesel Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT008383100y

    PERUCNP EnergiaGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTVattenfall100%10/31/97HYDRO1997LACPERUELECTRICITYCNP EnergiaGREENFIELD PROJECT000038y

    2000LACBOLIVIAELECTRICITYCochabamba Rural Area Electricity ProjectOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITURE007.37.31400n

    SRI LANKAColombo Port Power BargeGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOKawasho; Mitsui100%1/31/99DIESEL1999SOUTH ASIASRI LANKAELECTRICITYColombo Port Power BargeGREENFIELD PROJECT00727260y

    1998LACARGENTINAELECTRICITYComahue TransmissionGREENFIELD PROJECT002602601290n

    COTE D'IVOIRECompagnie Ivoirienne d' ElectriciteOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITUREROTBouygues; Electricite de France; Small local investors80%10/6/90n

    COTE D'IVOIRECompagnie Ivoirienne de Production d'Electricite (CIPREL)GREENFIELD PROJECTBOTBouygues (2); Electricite de France (2); Popareo (2)98%10/31/94COMBINED CYCLE GAS1994AFRICACOTE D'IVOIREELECTRICITYCompagnie Ivoirienne de Production d'Electricite (CIPREL)GREENFIELD PROJECT00707099y

    2000LACBRAZILELECTRICITYCompanhia de Interconexao Energetica (CIEN) - BrazilGREENFIELD PROJECT006806801017n

    GUATEMALACompania Centroamericana de ElectricidadGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOCoastal Power; TECO Power Services Corp100%11/4/96COAL1996LACGUATEMALAELECTRICITYCompania Centroamericana de ElectricidadGREENFIELD PROJECT00170170120y

    CHILECompania Electrica San Isidro SAGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTEndesa (Chile); Entergy Corp100%6/30/97COMBINED CYCLE1997LACCHILEELECTRICITYCompania Electrica San Isidro SAGREENFIELD PROJECT00182182370y

    CHILECompania Electrica Tarapaca SA (Celta)GREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTEndesa (Chile)100%6/30/97COAL1997LACCHILEELECTRICITYCompania Electrica Tarapaca SA (Celta)GREENFIELD PROJECT00247247150y

    1990LACCHILEELECTRICITYCompania General de ElectricidadGREENFIELD PROJECT00174.5174.5517.65n

    1990LACCHILEELECTRICITYCompania Nacional de Fuerza ElectricaGREENFIELD PROJECT0031.231.2115.03n

    COSTA RICAConelectricas R.L.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOOConelectricas R.L.100%6/30/96HYDRO1996LACCOSTA RICAELECTRICITYConelectricas R.L.GREENFIELD PROJECT0022.822.815y

    DOMINICAN REPUBLICConsorcio Energetico Punta CanaGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTCompania Electricidad de Punta Cana Macao100%6/30/94DIESEL1994LACDOMINICAN REPUBLICELECTRICITYConsorcio Energetico Punta CanaGREENFIELD PROJECT0012.512.512.5y

    1999LACNICARAGUAELECTRICITYCorinto Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT00707070n

    BRAZILCuiaba Project - BrazilGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOEnron Corp.; Shell Corp100%6/15/99GAS1999LACBRAZILELECTRICITYCuiaba Project - BrazilGREENFIELD PROJECT00200200630y

    TURKEYCukurova Elektrik A.S.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOOUzanlar Holding (2)80%6/30/92DIESEL1992ECATURKEYELECTRICITYCukurova Elektrik A.S.GREENFIELD PROJECT00650650586y

    EL SALVADORCWC de El SalvadorGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOCaterpillar Inc.; IDM Environmental Corp100%6/30/99WASTE1999LACEL SALVADORELECTRICITYCWC de El SalvadorGREENFIELD PROJECT00757575y

    INDIADabhol LNG-Fired Power Plant - Phase IGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOEnron Corp.70%12/9/96GAS1996SOUTH ASIAINDIAELECTRICITYDabhol LNG-Fired Power Plant - Phase IGREENFIELD PROJECT00930930750y

    INDIADabhol LNG-Fired Power Plant - Phase IIGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOEnron Corp.100%5/12/99GAS1999SOUTH ASIAINDIAELECTRICITYDabhol LNG-Fired Power Plant - Phase IIGREENFIELD PROJECT00187018701444y

    INDONESIADarajat Geothermal Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOChevron; PT Prasarana Nusantara Jaya; Texaco100%8/31/97GEOTHERMAL1997EAPINDONESIAELECTRICITYDarajat Geothermal Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT0012512570y

    PAKISTANDavis Energen Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOODavis Energen Ltd.; Fimkasser Power100%1/31/95STEAM1995SOUTH ASIAPAKISTANELECTRICITYDavis Energen Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT00131318.5y

    HUNGARYDebrecenGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTE.ON Hungaria; TITASZ100%11/30/00COMBINED CYCLE2000ECAHUNGARYELECTRICITYDebrecenGREENFIELD PROJECT00808095y

    INDONESIADieng Geothermal Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOTCalEnergy; Kiewit SonsInc100%9/1/96GEOTHERMAL1996EAPINDONESIAELECTRICITYDieng Geothermal Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT00450450400y

    INDIADLF Power Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOODLF Group100%1/1/96GAS1996SOUTH ASIAINDIAELECTRICITYDLF Power Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT0031.131.125y

    BRAZILDona Francisca Hydroelectric Power ProjectGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOGerdau; Inepar58%1/24/01HYDRO2001LACBRAZILELECTRICITYDona Francisca Hydroelectric Power ProjectGREENFIELD PROJECT009090125y

    COSTA RICADona JuliaGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOERI Services facilities Management Group100%3/31/98HYDRO1998LACCOSTA RICAELECTRICITYDona JuliaGREENFIELD PROJECT00343418y

    PHILIPPINESDuracom Mobile Power CorporationGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOEl Paso Energy International100%6/30/95DIESEL1995EAPPHILIPPINESELECTRICITYDuracom Mobile Power CorporationGREENFIELD PROJECT00132132133y

    1999ECAKAZAKHSTANELECTRICITYEast Kazakhstan RECOM PROJECT0000300n

    KAZAKHSTANEastern GenerationOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITUREROTAES Corporation; Suntree Power100%10/3/97HYDRO1997ECAKAZAKHSTANELECTRICITYEastern GenerationOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITURE023.2023.21384y

    THAILANDEastern Power & Electricity Co.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOOGMS Power; Marubeni Corp; TotalFina100%3/31/00COMBINED CYCLE2000EAPTHAILANDELECTRICITYEastern Power & Electricity Co.GREENFIELD PROJECT00250250350y

    COSTA RICAEl AngelGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOEl Angel SA100%12/31/92HYDRO1992LACCOSTA RICAELECTRICITYEl AngelGREENFIELD PROJECT003.23.23.8y

    GUATEMALAEl Camalote Hydroelectric PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOH&M Engineering; Rio Mopan SA; Sorenson Engineering; Synergics0%12/31/96HYDRO1996LACGUATEMALAELECTRICITYEl Camalote Hydroelectric PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT00272712y

    1997LACCOSTA RICAELECTRICITYEl EmbalseGREENFIELD PROJECT002.92.91.5n

    POLANDELCHOGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOPSEG Global Inc.90%3/30/01COAL2001ECAPOLANDELECTRICITYELCHOGREENFIELD PROJECT00320320200y

    CHILEElectrica Alto CachapoalGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTConstrutora Andrade Gutierrez; NRG Energy; Vattenfall100%9/30/97HYDRO1997LACCHILEELECTRICITYElectrica Alto CachapoalGREENFIELD PROJECT00300300195y

    MEXICOElectricidad Aguila de TuxpanGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOMitsubishi100%3/21/01COMBINED CYCLE2001LACMEXICOELECTRICITYElectricidad Aguila de TuxpanGREENFIELD PROJECT00250250535.5y

    HONDURASElectricidad de Cortes S. de R.L. de C.V.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOOHonduras Electric Corp.; Illinova Generating Co; Scudder Latin American Power Fund100%6/30/94DIESEL1994LACHONDURASELECTRICITYElectricidad de Cortes S. de R.L. de C.V.GREENFIELD PROJECT00707080y

    1996LACHONDURASELECTRICITYElectricidad de Cortes S. de R.L. de C.V.GREENFIELD PROJECT000080n

    GUINEA BISSAUElectricidade e Aguas de Guinea-BissauOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITUREROTElectricite de France; SUEZ100%6/1/92n

    HAITIElectricite d'HaitiOM PROJECTMANAGEMENT CONTRACTElectricite de France; Hydro-Quebec Intl100%6/30/95n

    COMOROSElectricite et Eaux des ComoresOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITUREROTVivendi100%1/1/97HYDRO1997AFRICACOMOROSELECTRICITYElectricite et Eaux des ComoresOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITURE0010.910.916y

    ECUADORElectroquil Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOODuke Energy Corp.; Guayaquil Chamber of Commerce100%12/31/92DIESEL1992LACECUADORELECTRICITYElectroquil Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT0000168y

    BRAZILEletrogoes S.A.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOOGrupo Goes-Cohabita100%12/31/95HYDRO1995LACBRAZILELECTRICITYEletrogoes S.A.GREENFIELD PROJECT00121211.4y

    SAO TOME AND PRINCIPEEmpresa de Agua e ElectricidadeOM PROJECTMANAGEMENT CONTRACTSUEZ100%11/1/93n

    HONDURASEmpresa de Mantenimiento y Construccion ElectricaOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITUREBROTEmpresa de Mantenimiento y Construccion Electrica100%6/30/95DIESEL1995LACHONDURASELECTRICITYEmpresa de Mantenimiento y Construccion ElectricaOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITURE000070y

    1998LACHONDURASELECTRICITYEmpresa de Mantenimiento y Construccion ElectricaOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITURE0038.538.570n

    CHILEEmpresa Electrica Guacolda SAGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTCompania de Petroleos de Chile SA (Copec); Gener (Chilgener); Inversiones Ultraterra;100%6/30/95GAS1995LACCHILEELECTRICITYEmpresa Electrica Guacolda SAGREENFIELD PROJECT00180180282y

    CHILEEmpresa Electrica Pangue SAGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTEndesa (Chile)100%5/31/94HYDRO1994LACCHILEELECTRICITYEmpresa Electrica Pangue SAGREENFIELD PROJECT00367367450y

    HUNGARYEMSZETGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTE.ON Energie0%8/31/01WIND2001ECAHUNGARYELECTRICITYEMSZETGREENFIELD PROJECT000.70.70.6y

    BRAZILEnergia CassolGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTEnergia Cassol100%12/31/93HYDRO2000LACBRAZILELECTRICITYEnergia CassolGREENFIELD PROJECT004.44.410.6ydiff dates

    ARGENTINAEnergia del Sur SAGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTAmoco; Camuzzi Gazometri SpA100%2/27/96COMBINED CYCLE1996LACARGENTINAELECTRICITYEnergia del Sur SAGREENFIELD PROJECT003131287y

    1998LACARGENTINAELECTRICITYEnergia del Sur SAGREENFIELD PROJECT00330330287n

    BRAZILEnergia Norte ProjectGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOGuascor; Inepar85%10/18/00DIESEL2000LACBRAZILELECTRICITYEnergia Norte ProjectGREENFIELD PROJECT009090125y

    PERUEnesurGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTTractebel100%4/30/97COAL1997LACPERUELECTRICITYEnesurGREENFIELD PROJECT00410410180y

    PERUEnesurGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTTractebel100%4/30/97DIESELnsame, but coal

    PHILIPPINESEnron Subic Diesel PlantOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITUREROTEnron Corp.65%1/1/93DIESEL1993EAPPHILIPPINESELECTRICITYEnron Subic Diesel PlantOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITURE0012012028y

    GUATEMALAEscultina power plantGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTSiderurgica de Guatemala100%2/28/96DIESEL1996LACGUATEMALAELECTRICITYEscultina power plantGREENFIELD PROJECT00404040y

    GUATEMALAEsperanza Power BargeGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTCentrans Energy Services; Commonwealth Devt Corp; Enron Corp100%3/27/00DIESEL2000LACGUATEMALAELECTRICITYEsperanza Power BargeGREENFIELD PROJECT005050124y

    INDIAEssar Power Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOOMarathon Power Co.100%9/15/93DIESEL1993SOUTH ASIAINDIAELECTRICITYEssar Power Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT00500500515y

    TURKEYEysenyurt Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECTBOTEdison International (2)80%11/28/95COMBINED CYCLE GAS1995ECATURKEYELECTRICITYEysenyurt Power PlantGREENFIELD PROJECT00170170180y

    PAKISTANFauji Kabirwala Power Company Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECTBOOEl Paso Energy International; Fauji Foundation100%9/13/96GAS1996SOUTH ASIAPAKISTANELECTRICITYFauji Kabirwala Power Company Ltd.GREENFIELD PROJECT00174.3174.3151y

    CHINAFujian Electric Meizhou Wan Phase 1GREENFIELD PROJECTBOTEl Paso Energy International; Intergen; Lippo Group100%5/30/98COAL1998EAPCHINAELECTRICITYFujian Electric Meizhou Wan Phase 1GREENFIELD PROJECT00755755724y

    CHINAFushi MeiyaGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOAIG; Hydro-Quebec Intl; PSEG Global Inc69%6/1/99HYDRO1999EAPCHINAELECTRICITYFushi MeiyaGREENFIELD PROJECT00535354y

    CHINAFushun City Power and Water Treatment ProjectsOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITUREBROTCheung Kong Infrastructure Holdings Ltd69%6/9/97COALn

    CHINAFushun Cogen Power PlantOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITUREBROTCheung Kong Infrastructure Holdings Ltd60%1/1/97COAL1997EAPCHINAELECTRICITYFushun Cogen Power PlantOM_WITH MAJOR PRIVATE CAPITAL EXPENDITURE0095.795.7150y

    ARGENTINAGasAtacama - ArgentinaGREENFIELD PROJECTMERCHANTCMS Energy Corporation; Endesa (Chile)100%6/30/98GAS1998LACARGENTINAELECTRICITYGasAtacama - ArgentinaGREENFIELD PROJECT00750750550y

    1999LACARGENTINAELECTRICITYGasAtacama - ArgentinaGREENFIELD PROJECT00100100550n

    WEST BANK AND GAZAGaza Power ProjectGREENFIELD PROJECTBOOEnron Corp.33