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Chinese Calligraphy
A Highly Sophisticated Fine Art
An Important Carrier of Chinese Culture
Yi-Zhi Huang (黄一知 )Rutgers University
April 2, 2014Zimmerli MuseumRutgers University
Chinese Calligraphy as an Art
• A highly sophisticated fine art (not a folk art)• An abstract art with a long tradition• A large collections of classical art works• Many years of technical training starting from
a young age are necessary• Need delicate tools and materials• The standard for good art works are based on
personal styles and influences on others
Chinese Calligraphy as a Carrier of Culture
• The basic education in China emphasizes music instrument (琴 ), go game (棋 ), calligraphy (书 ) and painting (画 )
• An intellectual needs to be excellent in poetry (诗 ), calligraphy (书 ) and painting (画 )
• The calligraphy work of a person often reflects his or her personality, education level and cultural background
Chinese Calligraphy as a Carrier of Culture
• Calligraphy was used as a criterion in the selection of officials in ancient China
• Chinese calligraphy also had a renaissance movement closely related to the changes in the society and the culture
• The western visual art has had much less influence on Chinese calligraphy than on Chinese painting
History and Different Scripts
• Oracle bone script (甲骨文 ) : 1400 to 1000 BC• Bronze script (钟鼎文 ,大篆 ) : 1300 to 200 BC• Small seal script (小篆 ) : 200 BC to 800 AD• Clerical script (隶书 ) : 400 BC to present• Regular script (楷书 ) : 200 AD to present• Running script (行书 ) : 100 AD to present• Cursive script (草书 ) : 200 AD to present
Oracle Bone Script (甲骨文 )
Oracle turtle shell with oracle bone scripts Artist: Luo, Zheng-Yu (罗振玉 )
Bronze Script (钟鼎文 ,大篆 )
Artist: Wu Chang-Shuo (吴昌硕 )Stone drum with bronze scripts
Small Seal Script (小篆 )
Artist: Li, Si (李斯 ) Artist: Wang, Fu-An (王福庵 )
Clerical Script (隶书 )
Yi Ying Stele (乙瑛碑 ) from Han Dynasty Artist: Huang Bao-Yue (黄葆戉 )
Regular Script (楷书 )
Artist: Yan, Zhen-Qing (颜真卿 )
Artist: Huang, Jian (黄简 )
Running Script (行书 )
Artist: Wang, Xi-Zhi (王羲之 )
Artist: Shen, Yin-Mo (沈尹默 )
Cursive Script (草书 )
Artist: Huai Su (怀素 ) Artist: Zhou, Zhi-Gao (周志高 )
Poetry and Chinese Calligraphy
• Chinese poems written using Chinese calligraphy reveal their full beauty
• Chinese poems provide spiritual meanings to calligraphy works
• Many Chinese calligraphers are also poets• In a calligraphy work with a poem as its
content, the poem and the calligraphy are inseparable parts of the art work
Artist: Huang, Yi-Zhi (黄一知 ) Poet: Liu, Chang-Qinq (刘长卿 )
Artist: Gao, Shi-Xiong (高式熊 ) Poet: Wu, Chang-Shuo (吴昌硕 )
Artist: Huang, Yi-Zhi (黄一知 ) Poet: Wang, Wei (王维 )
Artist: Shen, Pei-Fang (沈培方 ) Poet, Li, Bai (李白 )
Chinese Painting and Calligraphy
• Chinese painting and calligraphy have the same root(书画同源)
• Training in calligraphy is necessary for a Chinese painter
• Chinese paintings usually have calligraphy as a necessary part of the art work
• Techniques and styles in calligraphy revolutionized Chinese painting several times
Artist: Wu, Chang-Shuo (吴昌硕 ) Artist: Huang, Bao-Yue (黄葆戉 )
Chinese Calligraphy, Classical Music and Mathematics
• Abstract but with a long tradition• A lot of training is needed for someone who
would like to be a calligrapher, a classical musician or a mathematician
• Experience and study are needed even for someone who just wants to appreciate them
• People can enjoy them individually but can still reach agreements on their beauty