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China’s Sustainable Energy Policy
Ping He Ph.D.International Fund for China’s Environment
China is the second largest energy consumption country in the world
China’s energy is 90% self-sufficient
China’s per capital energy consumption is about the world average.
China’s energy is heavily relying on coal ( 1.9 billion TOE , about 50% production of the world)
Current status
Challenges
China’s economic growth was 10.5%/year from 2001-2010, expect 7-8% /year from 2010-2020, significantlyhigher than the world average.
China’s energy demand is expected to continue to increase
China’s CO2 emission is the largest in the world.
China’s cities are badly polluted.
Air pollution in Beijing
Energy targets in the 12th five-year plan (from 2011 to 2015/2020)
Sustainable Energy Policies
Principles
Energy conservation firstBased on domestic sources
DiversifyingProtecting environment
Innovation in science & techDeepening reforming
International cooperationImproving livelihood
Sustainable Energy Policies
Priorities
Fully implement energy conservation
Develop clean and renewable energies
Promote clean use of fossil energies
Sustainable Energy Policies
Fully implement energy conservation
•Adjust industrial structures
•Enhance industrial energy saving
•Implement building energy conservation
•Improve energy saving in transportation
•Promote public participation
Energy Efficiency- Iron & Steel Industry 2005-2010
Change in Energy Intensity, China Iron & Steel Industry, 2005-2010,Source: CISIA, May 2011 (Unit: kg of coal / ton )
Energy Efficiency- Transportation
Corporate Average Fuel Economy of China, Australia and USA (Unit: MPG)
Energy Efficiency-A cement plant with waste heat power plant in Shanxi
Sustainable Energy Policies
Priorities
Develop clean and renewable energies
•Hydropower•Nuclear energy•Solar energy•Wind energy•Biomass energy•Others
Coal problems
health problem
environmental problem
safety problem
coal efficiency
Hydroelectricity
China has a goal to generate at least 15 percent of total
energy output by 2020 using renewable energy sources as
the government aims to shift to a less-resource intense
economy. According to the consultancy EC Harris, in 2010,
China is the world's top investor in renewable energy
projects, having invested around $120 billion to $160 billion
between 2007 and 2010.
In 2009, China was the world’s largest producer of
hydroelectric power. In the same year, China generated
549 Bkwh of electricity from hydroelectric sources,
representing 16 percent of its total generation. Also,
according to FACTS Global Energy, installed generating
capacity was around 197 GW in 2009, accounting for over
a fifth of total installed capacity. These figures are likely to
increase given the number of large-scale hydroelectric
projects planned or under construction in China, and the
government’s State Energy Bureau announced plans to
increase hydro capacity to 380 GW by 2020. The largest
power project is the Three Gorges Dam along the Yangtze
River, which includes 32 separate 700-MW generators, for
a total of 22.5 GW.
solar energy-solar power
50% solar PV panels are manufactured in
China
In 2010, China produced .58 GW solar
power, a relatively small number. The cost
is still 3-4 times higher than coal power
For grid-connected generation, a fixed
purchase price is set
For rooftop solar power, gov. provides
financial aids up to 50% of the cost
Target for 2015, 10 GW
Biomass comprehensive utilization as a symbol of green living in rural area of Shaanxi
nuclear power
China is actively promoting
nuclear power as a clean and
efficient source of electricity
generation. China’s government
forecasts that over 70 GW will
be generated by 2020, about
6% of total energy. As of 2012,
China has 16 operating
reactors, 26 new nuclear power
plants under construction.
Wind power
Cost comparison across energy sources
Sustainable Energy Policies
Priorities
Promote clean use of fossil energies
•Mining coal with high efficiency and safety•Developing power plants with high efficiency and clean production•Exploring unconventional oil/gas actively•Enhancing energy transporting system
Sustainable Energy Policies
Opportunities for international cooperation/investments
•Advanced technologies in clean energy development•Advanced technologies in energy conservation, esp. in industrial sectors•Advanced technologies in clean energy vehicles•Energy service systems (smart grid, energy management contract, etc.)•Capacity building (tech training, policy consulting, etc.)
Year Revenue Total Investme
nt
EMC Project
Investment
2005 47.3 30.6 13.1
2006 82.6 63.3 18.9
2007 217.6 114.6 65.5
2008 417.3 253.2 116.5
2009 587.7 360.4 186.3
2010 780.4 287.5
Growth of China’s Energy Service Industry
2005-2010
Unit: 100 million RMB. $1=6.8 RMBSource:
ESCO Committee of China’s Energy Conservation Association
