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China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

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Page 1: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

China Today

>

Chinese Ethnic Groups

Han Chinese - 91

Other 55 ethnic groups- 9

Miao Mongols

Tibetan

Hui

Manchu

Yao

Geography and Early China

The Big Idea

Chinese civilization began with the Shang dynasty along the Huang He

Main Ideas

bull Chinarsquos physical geography made farming possible but travel and communication difficult

bull Civilization began in China along the Huang He and Chang Jiang rivers

bull Chinarsquos first dynasties helped Chinese society develop and made many other achievements

Varied Landscape

bull China covers an area of almost 4 million square miles

bull The Gobi desert lies in the north

bull Low-lying plains in the east make up one of the worldrsquos largest farming areas

bull Mountain ranges lie in the west including the Plateau of Tibet and the Qinling Shandi There was limited contact between people in the east and west

bull The weather and temperature vary from cold and dry to wet and humid and monsoons can bring up to 250 inches of rain each year

Physical Geography

The 4 Old-World River Valley

Cultures

The 4 Old-World River Valley

Cultures

>

ldquoPeking Manrdquo (750000 ndash 500000 BCE)

ldquoPeking Manrdquo (750000 ndash 500000 BCE)

Sinanthropuspekinesis

Huang He

bull Also called the Yellow River

bull Nearly 3000 miles long across northern China

bull Often floods and has been referred to as ldquoChinarsquos sorrowrdquo because of the destruction

Chang Jiang

bull The longest river in Asia also called the Yangzi River

bull Flows across central China from Tibet to the Pacific Ocean

Two Rivers of China

Yellow River Civilization

Yellow River Civilization

>

Farming

Early Settlements

bull Frequent flooding made the land fertile around the Chang Jiang and Huang He (Yellow) rivers

bull Along with farming the Chinese people hunted fished and domesticated animals

bull Some small villages along the rivers grew into larger cities

bull Separate cultures developed in the north and the south Over time people learned to dig wells and use potterrsquos wheels

bull Findings at burial sites suggest that the ancient Chinese believed in an afterlife and had a complex social order

Civilization Begins

Neolithic Pottery

Neolithic Pottery

3000 BCE to

2000 BCE

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

Ancient China History Highlights

China was made up of many kingdoms which had many different dynasties

The three major Ancient dynasties were the Zhou Qin and Han dynasties

Ancient China Begins a Series of Dynasties

TheDynastic

Cycle

TheDynastic

Cycle

A new dynasty

comes to power

A new dynasty

comes to power

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Govt increasesspending corruption

Govt increasesspending corruption

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Emperor isdefeated Emperor isdefeated

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

Start here

Xia Dynasty

Legendary Dynasty--No evidence found until 1959

>

bull The Xia dynasty might have been founded around 2200 BC by Yu the Great

bull Tales say that Yu dug channels to drain floodwaters and created the major waterways of North China

bull Archaeologists have no firm evidence that tales about the Xia dynasty are true

Xia Dynasty

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Emperor FuxiEmperor Fuxi Mythical Hsia ruler

Taught the Chinese how to read and write according to legend

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 2: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Chinese Ethnic Groups

Han Chinese - 91

Other 55 ethnic groups- 9

Miao Mongols

Tibetan

Hui

Manchu

Yao

Geography and Early China

The Big Idea

Chinese civilization began with the Shang dynasty along the Huang He

Main Ideas

bull Chinarsquos physical geography made farming possible but travel and communication difficult

bull Civilization began in China along the Huang He and Chang Jiang rivers

bull Chinarsquos first dynasties helped Chinese society develop and made many other achievements

Varied Landscape

bull China covers an area of almost 4 million square miles

bull The Gobi desert lies in the north

bull Low-lying plains in the east make up one of the worldrsquos largest farming areas

bull Mountain ranges lie in the west including the Plateau of Tibet and the Qinling Shandi There was limited contact between people in the east and west

bull The weather and temperature vary from cold and dry to wet and humid and monsoons can bring up to 250 inches of rain each year

Physical Geography

The 4 Old-World River Valley

Cultures

The 4 Old-World River Valley

Cultures

>

ldquoPeking Manrdquo (750000 ndash 500000 BCE)

ldquoPeking Manrdquo (750000 ndash 500000 BCE)

Sinanthropuspekinesis

Huang He

bull Also called the Yellow River

bull Nearly 3000 miles long across northern China

bull Often floods and has been referred to as ldquoChinarsquos sorrowrdquo because of the destruction

Chang Jiang

bull The longest river in Asia also called the Yangzi River

bull Flows across central China from Tibet to the Pacific Ocean

Two Rivers of China

Yellow River Civilization

Yellow River Civilization

>

Farming

Early Settlements

bull Frequent flooding made the land fertile around the Chang Jiang and Huang He (Yellow) rivers

bull Along with farming the Chinese people hunted fished and domesticated animals

bull Some small villages along the rivers grew into larger cities

bull Separate cultures developed in the north and the south Over time people learned to dig wells and use potterrsquos wheels

bull Findings at burial sites suggest that the ancient Chinese believed in an afterlife and had a complex social order

Civilization Begins

Neolithic Pottery

Neolithic Pottery

3000 BCE to

2000 BCE

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

Ancient China History Highlights

China was made up of many kingdoms which had many different dynasties

The three major Ancient dynasties were the Zhou Qin and Han dynasties

Ancient China Begins a Series of Dynasties

TheDynastic

Cycle

TheDynastic

Cycle

A new dynasty

comes to power

A new dynasty

comes to power

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Govt increasesspending corruption

Govt increasesspending corruption

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Emperor isdefeated Emperor isdefeated

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

Start here

Xia Dynasty

Legendary Dynasty--No evidence found until 1959

>

bull The Xia dynasty might have been founded around 2200 BC by Yu the Great

bull Tales say that Yu dug channels to drain floodwaters and created the major waterways of North China

bull Archaeologists have no firm evidence that tales about the Xia dynasty are true

Xia Dynasty

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Emperor FuxiEmperor Fuxi Mythical Hsia ruler

Taught the Chinese how to read and write according to legend

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 3: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Other 55 ethnic groups- 9

Miao Mongols

Tibetan

Hui

Manchu

Yao

Geography and Early China

The Big Idea

Chinese civilization began with the Shang dynasty along the Huang He

Main Ideas

bull Chinarsquos physical geography made farming possible but travel and communication difficult

bull Civilization began in China along the Huang He and Chang Jiang rivers

bull Chinarsquos first dynasties helped Chinese society develop and made many other achievements

Varied Landscape

bull China covers an area of almost 4 million square miles

bull The Gobi desert lies in the north

bull Low-lying plains in the east make up one of the worldrsquos largest farming areas

bull Mountain ranges lie in the west including the Plateau of Tibet and the Qinling Shandi There was limited contact between people in the east and west

bull The weather and temperature vary from cold and dry to wet and humid and monsoons can bring up to 250 inches of rain each year

Physical Geography

The 4 Old-World River Valley

Cultures

The 4 Old-World River Valley

Cultures

>

ldquoPeking Manrdquo (750000 ndash 500000 BCE)

ldquoPeking Manrdquo (750000 ndash 500000 BCE)

Sinanthropuspekinesis

Huang He

bull Also called the Yellow River

bull Nearly 3000 miles long across northern China

bull Often floods and has been referred to as ldquoChinarsquos sorrowrdquo because of the destruction

Chang Jiang

bull The longest river in Asia also called the Yangzi River

bull Flows across central China from Tibet to the Pacific Ocean

Two Rivers of China

Yellow River Civilization

Yellow River Civilization

>

Farming

Early Settlements

bull Frequent flooding made the land fertile around the Chang Jiang and Huang He (Yellow) rivers

bull Along with farming the Chinese people hunted fished and domesticated animals

bull Some small villages along the rivers grew into larger cities

bull Separate cultures developed in the north and the south Over time people learned to dig wells and use potterrsquos wheels

bull Findings at burial sites suggest that the ancient Chinese believed in an afterlife and had a complex social order

Civilization Begins

Neolithic Pottery

Neolithic Pottery

3000 BCE to

2000 BCE

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

Ancient China History Highlights

China was made up of many kingdoms which had many different dynasties

The three major Ancient dynasties were the Zhou Qin and Han dynasties

Ancient China Begins a Series of Dynasties

TheDynastic

Cycle

TheDynastic

Cycle

A new dynasty

comes to power

A new dynasty

comes to power

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Govt increasesspending corruption

Govt increasesspending corruption

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Emperor isdefeated Emperor isdefeated

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

Start here

Xia Dynasty

Legendary Dynasty--No evidence found until 1959

>

bull The Xia dynasty might have been founded around 2200 BC by Yu the Great

bull Tales say that Yu dug channels to drain floodwaters and created the major waterways of North China

bull Archaeologists have no firm evidence that tales about the Xia dynasty are true

Xia Dynasty

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Emperor FuxiEmperor Fuxi Mythical Hsia ruler

Taught the Chinese how to read and write according to legend

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 4: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Geography and Early China

The Big Idea

Chinese civilization began with the Shang dynasty along the Huang He

Main Ideas

bull Chinarsquos physical geography made farming possible but travel and communication difficult

bull Civilization began in China along the Huang He and Chang Jiang rivers

bull Chinarsquos first dynasties helped Chinese society develop and made many other achievements

Varied Landscape

bull China covers an area of almost 4 million square miles

bull The Gobi desert lies in the north

bull Low-lying plains in the east make up one of the worldrsquos largest farming areas

bull Mountain ranges lie in the west including the Plateau of Tibet and the Qinling Shandi There was limited contact between people in the east and west

bull The weather and temperature vary from cold and dry to wet and humid and monsoons can bring up to 250 inches of rain each year

Physical Geography

The 4 Old-World River Valley

Cultures

The 4 Old-World River Valley

Cultures

>

ldquoPeking Manrdquo (750000 ndash 500000 BCE)

ldquoPeking Manrdquo (750000 ndash 500000 BCE)

Sinanthropuspekinesis

Huang He

bull Also called the Yellow River

bull Nearly 3000 miles long across northern China

bull Often floods and has been referred to as ldquoChinarsquos sorrowrdquo because of the destruction

Chang Jiang

bull The longest river in Asia also called the Yangzi River

bull Flows across central China from Tibet to the Pacific Ocean

Two Rivers of China

Yellow River Civilization

Yellow River Civilization

>

Farming

Early Settlements

bull Frequent flooding made the land fertile around the Chang Jiang and Huang He (Yellow) rivers

bull Along with farming the Chinese people hunted fished and domesticated animals

bull Some small villages along the rivers grew into larger cities

bull Separate cultures developed in the north and the south Over time people learned to dig wells and use potterrsquos wheels

bull Findings at burial sites suggest that the ancient Chinese believed in an afterlife and had a complex social order

Civilization Begins

Neolithic Pottery

Neolithic Pottery

3000 BCE to

2000 BCE

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

Ancient China History Highlights

China was made up of many kingdoms which had many different dynasties

The three major Ancient dynasties were the Zhou Qin and Han dynasties

Ancient China Begins a Series of Dynasties

TheDynastic

Cycle

TheDynastic

Cycle

A new dynasty

comes to power

A new dynasty

comes to power

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Govt increasesspending corruption

Govt increasesspending corruption

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Emperor isdefeated Emperor isdefeated

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

Start here

Xia Dynasty

Legendary Dynasty--No evidence found until 1959

>

bull The Xia dynasty might have been founded around 2200 BC by Yu the Great

bull Tales say that Yu dug channels to drain floodwaters and created the major waterways of North China

bull Archaeologists have no firm evidence that tales about the Xia dynasty are true

Xia Dynasty

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Emperor FuxiEmperor Fuxi Mythical Hsia ruler

Taught the Chinese how to read and write according to legend

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 5: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Varied Landscape

bull China covers an area of almost 4 million square miles

bull The Gobi desert lies in the north

bull Low-lying plains in the east make up one of the worldrsquos largest farming areas

bull Mountain ranges lie in the west including the Plateau of Tibet and the Qinling Shandi There was limited contact between people in the east and west

bull The weather and temperature vary from cold and dry to wet and humid and monsoons can bring up to 250 inches of rain each year

Physical Geography

The 4 Old-World River Valley

Cultures

The 4 Old-World River Valley

Cultures

>

ldquoPeking Manrdquo (750000 ndash 500000 BCE)

ldquoPeking Manrdquo (750000 ndash 500000 BCE)

Sinanthropuspekinesis

Huang He

bull Also called the Yellow River

bull Nearly 3000 miles long across northern China

bull Often floods and has been referred to as ldquoChinarsquos sorrowrdquo because of the destruction

Chang Jiang

bull The longest river in Asia also called the Yangzi River

bull Flows across central China from Tibet to the Pacific Ocean

Two Rivers of China

Yellow River Civilization

Yellow River Civilization

>

Farming

Early Settlements

bull Frequent flooding made the land fertile around the Chang Jiang and Huang He (Yellow) rivers

bull Along with farming the Chinese people hunted fished and domesticated animals

bull Some small villages along the rivers grew into larger cities

bull Separate cultures developed in the north and the south Over time people learned to dig wells and use potterrsquos wheels

bull Findings at burial sites suggest that the ancient Chinese believed in an afterlife and had a complex social order

Civilization Begins

Neolithic Pottery

Neolithic Pottery

3000 BCE to

2000 BCE

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

Ancient China History Highlights

China was made up of many kingdoms which had many different dynasties

The three major Ancient dynasties were the Zhou Qin and Han dynasties

Ancient China Begins a Series of Dynasties

TheDynastic

Cycle

TheDynastic

Cycle

A new dynasty

comes to power

A new dynasty

comes to power

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Govt increasesspending corruption

Govt increasesspending corruption

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Emperor isdefeated Emperor isdefeated

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

Start here

Xia Dynasty

Legendary Dynasty--No evidence found until 1959

>

bull The Xia dynasty might have been founded around 2200 BC by Yu the Great

bull Tales say that Yu dug channels to drain floodwaters and created the major waterways of North China

bull Archaeologists have no firm evidence that tales about the Xia dynasty are true

Xia Dynasty

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Emperor FuxiEmperor Fuxi Mythical Hsia ruler

Taught the Chinese how to read and write according to legend

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 6: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

The 4 Old-World River Valley

Cultures

The 4 Old-World River Valley

Cultures

>

ldquoPeking Manrdquo (750000 ndash 500000 BCE)

ldquoPeking Manrdquo (750000 ndash 500000 BCE)

Sinanthropuspekinesis

Huang He

bull Also called the Yellow River

bull Nearly 3000 miles long across northern China

bull Often floods and has been referred to as ldquoChinarsquos sorrowrdquo because of the destruction

Chang Jiang

bull The longest river in Asia also called the Yangzi River

bull Flows across central China from Tibet to the Pacific Ocean

Two Rivers of China

Yellow River Civilization

Yellow River Civilization

>

Farming

Early Settlements

bull Frequent flooding made the land fertile around the Chang Jiang and Huang He (Yellow) rivers

bull Along with farming the Chinese people hunted fished and domesticated animals

bull Some small villages along the rivers grew into larger cities

bull Separate cultures developed in the north and the south Over time people learned to dig wells and use potterrsquos wheels

bull Findings at burial sites suggest that the ancient Chinese believed in an afterlife and had a complex social order

Civilization Begins

Neolithic Pottery

Neolithic Pottery

3000 BCE to

2000 BCE

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

Ancient China History Highlights

China was made up of many kingdoms which had many different dynasties

The three major Ancient dynasties were the Zhou Qin and Han dynasties

Ancient China Begins a Series of Dynasties

TheDynastic

Cycle

TheDynastic

Cycle

A new dynasty

comes to power

A new dynasty

comes to power

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Govt increasesspending corruption

Govt increasesspending corruption

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Emperor isdefeated Emperor isdefeated

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

Start here

Xia Dynasty

Legendary Dynasty--No evidence found until 1959

>

bull The Xia dynasty might have been founded around 2200 BC by Yu the Great

bull Tales say that Yu dug channels to drain floodwaters and created the major waterways of North China

bull Archaeologists have no firm evidence that tales about the Xia dynasty are true

Xia Dynasty

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Emperor FuxiEmperor Fuxi Mythical Hsia ruler

Taught the Chinese how to read and write according to legend

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 7: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

ldquoPeking Manrdquo (750000 ndash 500000 BCE)

ldquoPeking Manrdquo (750000 ndash 500000 BCE)

Sinanthropuspekinesis

Huang He

bull Also called the Yellow River

bull Nearly 3000 miles long across northern China

bull Often floods and has been referred to as ldquoChinarsquos sorrowrdquo because of the destruction

Chang Jiang

bull The longest river in Asia also called the Yangzi River

bull Flows across central China from Tibet to the Pacific Ocean

Two Rivers of China

Yellow River Civilization

Yellow River Civilization

>

Farming

Early Settlements

bull Frequent flooding made the land fertile around the Chang Jiang and Huang He (Yellow) rivers

bull Along with farming the Chinese people hunted fished and domesticated animals

bull Some small villages along the rivers grew into larger cities

bull Separate cultures developed in the north and the south Over time people learned to dig wells and use potterrsquos wheels

bull Findings at burial sites suggest that the ancient Chinese believed in an afterlife and had a complex social order

Civilization Begins

Neolithic Pottery

Neolithic Pottery

3000 BCE to

2000 BCE

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

Ancient China History Highlights

China was made up of many kingdoms which had many different dynasties

The three major Ancient dynasties were the Zhou Qin and Han dynasties

Ancient China Begins a Series of Dynasties

TheDynastic

Cycle

TheDynastic

Cycle

A new dynasty

comes to power

A new dynasty

comes to power

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Govt increasesspending corruption

Govt increasesspending corruption

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Emperor isdefeated Emperor isdefeated

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

Start here

Xia Dynasty

Legendary Dynasty--No evidence found until 1959

>

bull The Xia dynasty might have been founded around 2200 BC by Yu the Great

bull Tales say that Yu dug channels to drain floodwaters and created the major waterways of North China

bull Archaeologists have no firm evidence that tales about the Xia dynasty are true

Xia Dynasty

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Emperor FuxiEmperor Fuxi Mythical Hsia ruler

Taught the Chinese how to read and write according to legend

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 8: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Huang He

bull Also called the Yellow River

bull Nearly 3000 miles long across northern China

bull Often floods and has been referred to as ldquoChinarsquos sorrowrdquo because of the destruction

Chang Jiang

bull The longest river in Asia also called the Yangzi River

bull Flows across central China from Tibet to the Pacific Ocean

Two Rivers of China

Yellow River Civilization

Yellow River Civilization

>

Farming

Early Settlements

bull Frequent flooding made the land fertile around the Chang Jiang and Huang He (Yellow) rivers

bull Along with farming the Chinese people hunted fished and domesticated animals

bull Some small villages along the rivers grew into larger cities

bull Separate cultures developed in the north and the south Over time people learned to dig wells and use potterrsquos wheels

bull Findings at burial sites suggest that the ancient Chinese believed in an afterlife and had a complex social order

Civilization Begins

Neolithic Pottery

Neolithic Pottery

3000 BCE to

2000 BCE

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

Ancient China History Highlights

China was made up of many kingdoms which had many different dynasties

The three major Ancient dynasties were the Zhou Qin and Han dynasties

Ancient China Begins a Series of Dynasties

TheDynastic

Cycle

TheDynastic

Cycle

A new dynasty

comes to power

A new dynasty

comes to power

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Govt increasesspending corruption

Govt increasesspending corruption

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Emperor isdefeated Emperor isdefeated

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

Start here

Xia Dynasty

Legendary Dynasty--No evidence found until 1959

>

bull The Xia dynasty might have been founded around 2200 BC by Yu the Great

bull Tales say that Yu dug channels to drain floodwaters and created the major waterways of North China

bull Archaeologists have no firm evidence that tales about the Xia dynasty are true

Xia Dynasty

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Emperor FuxiEmperor Fuxi Mythical Hsia ruler

Taught the Chinese how to read and write according to legend

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 9: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Yellow River Civilization

Yellow River Civilization

>

Farming

Early Settlements

bull Frequent flooding made the land fertile around the Chang Jiang and Huang He (Yellow) rivers

bull Along with farming the Chinese people hunted fished and domesticated animals

bull Some small villages along the rivers grew into larger cities

bull Separate cultures developed in the north and the south Over time people learned to dig wells and use potterrsquos wheels

bull Findings at burial sites suggest that the ancient Chinese believed in an afterlife and had a complex social order

Civilization Begins

Neolithic Pottery

Neolithic Pottery

3000 BCE to

2000 BCE

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

Ancient China History Highlights

China was made up of many kingdoms which had many different dynasties

The three major Ancient dynasties were the Zhou Qin and Han dynasties

Ancient China Begins a Series of Dynasties

TheDynastic

Cycle

TheDynastic

Cycle

A new dynasty

comes to power

A new dynasty

comes to power

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Govt increasesspending corruption

Govt increasesspending corruption

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Emperor isdefeated Emperor isdefeated

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

Start here

Xia Dynasty

Legendary Dynasty--No evidence found until 1959

>

bull The Xia dynasty might have been founded around 2200 BC by Yu the Great

bull Tales say that Yu dug channels to drain floodwaters and created the major waterways of North China

bull Archaeologists have no firm evidence that tales about the Xia dynasty are true

Xia Dynasty

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Emperor FuxiEmperor Fuxi Mythical Hsia ruler

Taught the Chinese how to read and write according to legend

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 10: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Farming

Early Settlements

bull Frequent flooding made the land fertile around the Chang Jiang and Huang He (Yellow) rivers

bull Along with farming the Chinese people hunted fished and domesticated animals

bull Some small villages along the rivers grew into larger cities

bull Separate cultures developed in the north and the south Over time people learned to dig wells and use potterrsquos wheels

bull Findings at burial sites suggest that the ancient Chinese believed in an afterlife and had a complex social order

Civilization Begins

Neolithic Pottery

Neolithic Pottery

3000 BCE to

2000 BCE

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

Ancient China History Highlights

China was made up of many kingdoms which had many different dynasties

The three major Ancient dynasties were the Zhou Qin and Han dynasties

Ancient China Begins a Series of Dynasties

TheDynastic

Cycle

TheDynastic

Cycle

A new dynasty

comes to power

A new dynasty

comes to power

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Govt increasesspending corruption

Govt increasesspending corruption

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Emperor isdefeated Emperor isdefeated

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

Start here

Xia Dynasty

Legendary Dynasty--No evidence found until 1959

>

bull The Xia dynasty might have been founded around 2200 BC by Yu the Great

bull Tales say that Yu dug channels to drain floodwaters and created the major waterways of North China

bull Archaeologists have no firm evidence that tales about the Xia dynasty are true

Xia Dynasty

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Emperor FuxiEmperor Fuxi Mythical Hsia ruler

Taught the Chinese how to read and write according to legend

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 11: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Neolithic Pottery

Neolithic Pottery

3000 BCE to

2000 BCE

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

Ancient China History Highlights

China was made up of many kingdoms which had many different dynasties

The three major Ancient dynasties were the Zhou Qin and Han dynasties

Ancient China Begins a Series of Dynasties

TheDynastic

Cycle

TheDynastic

Cycle

A new dynasty

comes to power

A new dynasty

comes to power

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Govt increasesspending corruption

Govt increasesspending corruption

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Emperor isdefeated Emperor isdefeated

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

Start here

Xia Dynasty

Legendary Dynasty--No evidence found until 1959

>

bull The Xia dynasty might have been founded around 2200 BC by Yu the Great

bull Tales say that Yu dug channels to drain floodwaters and created the major waterways of North China

bull Archaeologists have no firm evidence that tales about the Xia dynasty are true

Xia Dynasty

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Emperor FuxiEmperor Fuxi Mythical Hsia ruler

Taught the Chinese how to read and write according to legend

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 12: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

Pan-Gu Mythical Creator of the

Universe

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

Ancient China History Highlights

China was made up of many kingdoms which had many different dynasties

The three major Ancient dynasties were the Zhou Qin and Han dynasties

Ancient China Begins a Series of Dynasties

TheDynastic

Cycle

TheDynastic

Cycle

A new dynasty

comes to power

A new dynasty

comes to power

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Govt increasesspending corruption

Govt increasesspending corruption

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Emperor isdefeated Emperor isdefeated

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

Start here

Xia Dynasty

Legendary Dynasty--No evidence found until 1959

>

bull The Xia dynasty might have been founded around 2200 BC by Yu the Great

bull Tales say that Yu dug channels to drain floodwaters and created the major waterways of North China

bull Archaeologists have no firm evidence that tales about the Xia dynasty are true

Xia Dynasty

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Emperor FuxiEmperor Fuxi Mythical Hsia ruler

Taught the Chinese how to read and write according to legend

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 13: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

ldquoChung Kuordquo(The ldquoMiddle Kingdomrdquo)

Ancient China History Highlights

China was made up of many kingdoms which had many different dynasties

The three major Ancient dynasties were the Zhou Qin and Han dynasties

Ancient China Begins a Series of Dynasties

TheDynastic

Cycle

TheDynastic

Cycle

A new dynasty

comes to power

A new dynasty

comes to power

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Govt increasesspending corruption

Govt increasesspending corruption

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Emperor isdefeated Emperor isdefeated

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

Start here

Xia Dynasty

Legendary Dynasty--No evidence found until 1959

>

bull The Xia dynasty might have been founded around 2200 BC by Yu the Great

bull Tales say that Yu dug channels to drain floodwaters and created the major waterways of North China

bull Archaeologists have no firm evidence that tales about the Xia dynasty are true

Xia Dynasty

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Emperor FuxiEmperor Fuxi Mythical Hsia ruler

Taught the Chinese how to read and write according to legend

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 14: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Ancient China History Highlights

China was made up of many kingdoms which had many different dynasties

The three major Ancient dynasties were the Zhou Qin and Han dynasties

Ancient China Begins a Series of Dynasties

TheDynastic

Cycle

TheDynastic

Cycle

A new dynasty

comes to power

A new dynasty

comes to power

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Govt increasesspending corruption

Govt increasesspending corruption

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Emperor isdefeated Emperor isdefeated

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

Start here

Xia Dynasty

Legendary Dynasty--No evidence found until 1959

>

bull The Xia dynasty might have been founded around 2200 BC by Yu the Great

bull Tales say that Yu dug channels to drain floodwaters and created the major waterways of North China

bull Archaeologists have no firm evidence that tales about the Xia dynasty are true

Xia Dynasty

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Emperor FuxiEmperor Fuxi Mythical Hsia ruler

Taught the Chinese how to read and write according to legend

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 15: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

China was made up of many kingdoms which had many different dynasties

The three major Ancient dynasties were the Zhou Qin and Han dynasties

Ancient China Begins a Series of Dynasties

TheDynastic

Cycle

TheDynastic

Cycle

A new dynasty

comes to power

A new dynasty

comes to power

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Govt increasesspending corruption

Govt increasesspending corruption

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Emperor isdefeated Emperor isdefeated

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

Start here

Xia Dynasty

Legendary Dynasty--No evidence found until 1959

>

bull The Xia dynasty might have been founded around 2200 BC by Yu the Great

bull Tales say that Yu dug channels to drain floodwaters and created the major waterways of North China

bull Archaeologists have no firm evidence that tales about the Xia dynasty are true

Xia Dynasty

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Emperor FuxiEmperor Fuxi Mythical Hsia ruler

Taught the Chinese how to read and write according to legend

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 16: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

TheDynastic

Cycle

TheDynastic

Cycle

A new dynasty

comes to power

A new dynasty

comes to power

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Lives of common people improved

taxes reducedfarming encouraged

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Problems begin(extensive warsinvasions etc)

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Taxes increasemen forced towork for army

Farming neglected

Govt increasesspending corruption

Govt increasesspending corruption

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Droughtsfloods

famines occur

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Poor looserespect for govtThey join rebels

amp attack landlords

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites themAttack the emperor

Emperor isdefeated Emperor isdefeated

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

The emperorreforms the govtamp makes it more

efficient

Start here

Xia Dynasty

Legendary Dynasty--No evidence found until 1959

>

bull The Xia dynasty might have been founded around 2200 BC by Yu the Great

bull Tales say that Yu dug channels to drain floodwaters and created the major waterways of North China

bull Archaeologists have no firm evidence that tales about the Xia dynasty are true

Xia Dynasty

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Emperor FuxiEmperor Fuxi Mythical Hsia ruler

Taught the Chinese how to read and write according to legend

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 17: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Xia Dynasty

Legendary Dynasty--No evidence found until 1959

>

bull The Xia dynasty might have been founded around 2200 BC by Yu the Great

bull Tales say that Yu dug channels to drain floodwaters and created the major waterways of North China

bull Archaeologists have no firm evidence that tales about the Xia dynasty are true

Xia Dynasty

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Emperor FuxiEmperor Fuxi Mythical Hsia ruler

Taught the Chinese how to read and write according to legend

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 18: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

bull The Xia dynasty might have been founded around 2200 BC by Yu the Great

bull Tales say that Yu dug channels to drain floodwaters and created the major waterways of North China

bull Archaeologists have no firm evidence that tales about the Xia dynasty are true

Xia Dynasty

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Emperor FuxiEmperor Fuxi Mythical Hsia ruler

Taught the Chinese how to read and write according to legend

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 19: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Yu the Great ndash Founder

of the Hsia (Xia)

Emperor FuxiEmperor Fuxi Mythical Hsia ruler

Taught the Chinese how to read and write according to legend

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 20: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Emperor FuxiEmperor Fuxi Mythical Hsia ruler

Taught the Chinese how to read and write according to legend

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 21: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Hsia Plaque 1700 BCE

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 22: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Bronze Age Empires

Bronze Age Empires

>

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 23: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

Shang 1523-1028 BCE

>

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 24: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

The Shang Dynasty

Fooled You No Music

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 25: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

bull Established by 1500 BC the Shang was the first dynasty that there is clear evidence to support

bull The Shang reorganized the social order in China the top ranking was the royals then nobles warriors artisans farmers and slaves

bull Most citizens lived within the city walls

bull Many cultural advances were made including Chinarsquos first writing system complex tools metal pots and ornaments

Shang Dynasty

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 26: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

1500-950 BC Earliest examples of written Chinese

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 27: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Sample text in Chinese

TranslationAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights They

are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood

(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Sample of Chinese Writing

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 28: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 29: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Oracle Bones Calendar

Oracle Bones Calendar

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 30: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

The Evolution of Chinese

Writing during the Shang

Pictographs

Semantic-Phonetics

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 31: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Axe Scepter ndash 1100 BCE - jade

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger ndash 1028 BCE

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 32: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

ShangUrn

ShangUrn

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 33: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Shang BronzesShang

Bronzes

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 34: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash bronze 13c BCE

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 35: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

The Zhou Dynasty

>

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 36: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

Western Zhou 1027-771 BCE

>

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 37: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

Eastern Zhou 771-256 BCE

>

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 38: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

The Big Idea

Confucius and other philosophers taught ways to deal with social and political problems in ancient China

Main Ideas

bull The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined

bull Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society

bull Daoism and Legalism also gained followers

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 39: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

bull The Zhou people worked with other tribes to overthrow the Shang dynasty in the 1100s BC

bull Zhou leaders believed that their rulers were mandated by heaven and that heaven would find another leader when necessary

bull A new political order was established the king granted plots of land to lords who in turn provided soldiers and paid taxes to the king Poor farmers were granted land as well and remained under the rule of the lords

bull The lords helped Zhou rulers keep control of the dynasty

The Zhou Political System

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 40: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

bull As the lordsrsquo power grew they became uninterested in serving Zhou rulers Many refused to fight against Zhou enemies

bull In 771 BC the Zhou suffered a loss to invaders The dynasty survived but morale weakened and the Zhou began to fight among themselves

bull The Warring States Period marked power struggles between the ruling-class families

bull Problems within the government paralleled problems within large family systems which were breaking down Bonds of loyalty weakened within even small families and disorder fell upon China

Decline of the Zhou Dynasty

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 41: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

The Analects

Leading by Example

Moral Values

Disgusted with the rude and insensitive nature of the people around him Confucius pushed for a return to ethics or moral values

This code of ethics was passed down and written in a book These stories focused on morality family society and government

One of the major ideas Confucius put forth for the success of both family and government was leading by example Confucius believed that when people behaved well and acted morally they were carrying out what heaven expected of them

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 42: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Confucius

Confucianismbull Emperor known asldquoSon of Heavenrdquo bull Said to rule with the ldquoMandate of Heavenrdquo

bull Class of politicaladministrators toassist Emperor bull Trained in ritual and proper conduct

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 43: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Daoism

bull Daoism comes from Dao meaning ldquothe wayrdquo

bull Daoists believed that people should avoid interfering with nature or each other

bull Laozi wrote The Way and Its Power a book teaching that power and wealth are unnecessary

Two Schools of Thought

Legalism

bull Legalism is the political philosophy that people need to be controlled

bull It is unconcerned with religion or individual thought and prepared always for war

bull Legalists put their ideas into practice throughout China

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 44: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Lao Tzu (Old Master)

Created Taoism

Yin and Yang

ldquoStop thinking and end your problemsrdquo

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 45: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

bull Taoism is a sort of ldquonature mysticismrdquo

bull Taoists express joy and amazement over nature

bull They seek to identify with this nature which they call ldquoTaordquo

bull In Taoism the tao refers to the law of the universebull To Taoists the tao brings all things into existence and

governs them

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 46: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Yin and Yang

>

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 47: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Ritual Food Vessel bronze

11c BCE (Western Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 48: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Pendant of a Dancer - jade

3c BCE (Eastern Zhou)

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 49: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Ritual Wine Vessel ndash 4c

bronze silver gold copper

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 50: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Zhou Coins - bronze

Zhou Coins - bronze

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 51: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

ldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoldquoTrsquoien MingrdquoThe Mandate of

HeavenThe Mandate of

Heaven

1The leader must lead by ability and virtue

2The dynastys leadership must be justified by succeeding generations

3The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse the will of the people was important

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 52: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

The Qin Dynasty

>

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 53: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

The Qin Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization

Main Ideas

bull The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict government

bull A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 54: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor

ldquoHuangdirdquo ndash Emperor The ldquoYellow

Emperorrdquo

Legend has it that he ruled for over 100 years

Associated with the invention of wheeled vehicles ships armor pottery and silk-making

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 55: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

bull The Legalist Qin king Yin Zheng took the throne in 221 BC and gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which means ldquofirst emperorrdquo

bull He burned all books and writings that dealt with any practice other than Legalism

bull He created a strict government with harsh punishments

bull He used his armies to expand the empire and ensured that there would be no more revolts in the new territory

bull He claimed all power and took land away from the lords Commoners were forced to work on government building projects

bull China was divided into districts with their own governors

Shi Huangdi

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 56: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Politics

bull Shi Huangdi took complete control of the land and the people

bull There was a strict chain of command

bull Taxes and building projects were introduced

Culture

bull Shi Huangdi set up a uniform system of law

bull Rules and punishment writing styles and money were consistent across China

Unified China

Finance

bull Gold and copper coins were standardized

bull Uniform weights and measures help standardize trade and other legal issues

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 57: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Water Systems

bull Massive government building projects gave jobs to many poor workers

bull New roads were built and maintained to provide easy access to and from these buildings

bull Canals were built to connect rivers and keep trade fast and efficient

bull Irrigation systems that are still in use today watered the fields and made more land good for farming

Qin Achievements

Building Projects

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 58: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

bull The Great Wall was built to protect the country from invasion

bull The Great Wall linked previously built walls across Chinarsquos northern frontier

bull The building of the wall required years of labor from hundreds of thousands of laborers

The Great Wall Of China

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 59: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

bull Many scholars peasants and nobles grew resentful of Shi Huangdirsquos harsh policies and complete control

bull Upon the death of Shi Huangdi the country began to unravel

bull Rebel groups fought among themselves and eventually the Qin capital was burned to the ground

bull With no authority present the country fell into civil war

The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 60: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 61: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%
>

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 62: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

The Terracota Warriors

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 63: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

The Han Dynasty

>

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 64: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

The Han Dynasty

The Big Idea

The Han dynasty created a new form of government that valued family art and learning

Main Ideas

bull Han dynasty government was based on the ideas of Confucius

bull Family life was supported and strengthened in Han China

bull The Han made many achievements in art literature and learning

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 65: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

bull Liu Bang a peasant fighting in a rebel army became emperor due to the Chinese belief in the mandate of heaven

bull He was the first emperor of the Han dynasty

bull Well liked by both warriors and peasants Liu Bang released the country from strict Legalistic practices and focused on peoplersquos immediate needs

bull Liu Bang lowered taxes gave large plots of land to supporters and set up a government that expanded on the ideas of the Qin

The Rise of a New Dynasty

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 66: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

bull In 140 BC Emperor Wudi took the throne and shifted the countryrsquos focus back to a strong central government

bull Confucianism became the official government philosophy

bull Wudi built a university that taught Confucian ideals and awarded his officials with higher rank if they were familiar with Confucian principles

Wudirsquos New Government

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 67: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Four Social Classes under the Confucian System

bull Upper Class The Emperor his court and his scholars

bull Second Class The peasants who made life work on a daily basis

bull Third Class The artisans who produced items for daily life and some luxury goods

bull Fourth Class The merchants who bought and sold what others made

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 68: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Social Classes and Wealth

bull Social rank did not reflect prosperity

bull Hard work and heavy labor did not reflect prosperity

bull A strong family was stressed so that people would obey the emperor

Men

bull Men were the head of the household

bull Rulers had to obey their elders too it was a crime to disobey

bull Some men gained jobs based on the respect they showed to elders

Family LifeWomen

bull Women were taught to obey their husbands

bull Girls were not valued as highly as boys

bull Women could influence their sonsrsquo families

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 69: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Literature

The Han created realistic scenes from everyday life advanced figure painting and depictions of religious figures and Confucian scholars

Fu style combination of prose and poetryShi style short lines of verse that could be sung

The Han Chinese made paper by grinding plant fibers into a paste and then setting the paste out to dry in sheets Later they rolled the dried pulp into scrolls

Han Achievements

Invention of Paper

Art

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 70: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Seismograph

A device for telling time the sundial uses the position of the shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

This device measures the strength of an earthquake Chinese scientists believed that the movement of the earth was a sign of evil times

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting needles into the skin to cure disease or relieve pain This practice is still widely used today

Han Achievements

Acupuncture

Sundial

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 71: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Han Contacts with Other Cultures

The Big Idea

Trade routes led to the exchange of new products and ideas among China Rome and other peoples

Main Ideas

bull Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han dynasty

bull Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and Rome

bull Buddhism came to China from India and gained many followers

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 72: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Farming

bull Iron plow could till more land and raise more food

bull Wheelbarrow able to haul more products

Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty

Manufacturing

bull Iron swords

bull Iron armor

bull Silk a soft light highly valued fabric

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 73: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

bull Chinese goods became highly valued in other lands so trade routes began opening up

bull Trading Chinese silk for strong Central Asian horses became a primary goal under the rule of Emperor Wudi

bull Central Asians could then take the silk and trade it for products in other lands

Trade Routes

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 74: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Chinese traders only used the road until they reached Central Asia and then gave their goods to local traders

The Silk Road

China grew rich from trading silk with other lands

Travelers banded together for protection along the many miles of difficult terrain

The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4000 miles across Asiarsquos deserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 75: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

The Silk Roads

>

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 76: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Contact with New Cultures

Impacts on China

bull When the Han dynasty began to fail people looked to old religions to find answers but were disappointed

bull After coming into contact with Indian Buddhists on trade routes many Chinese brought the teachings home to China

bull In hopes of relieving the suffering of human life both rich and poor people began to embrace the teachings of the Buddha

bull The popularity of Buddhism in China is an example of diffusion the spread of ideas from one culture to another

Buddhism Comes to China

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 77: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

China Reunifies

The Big Idea

The Period of Disunion was followed by reunification by rulers of the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

Main Ideas

bull The Period of Disunion was a time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes in China

Chapter 14 China

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 78: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Main Idea 1The Period of Disunion was a time of

war and disorder that followed the end of the Han dynasty

bull When the Han dynasty collapsed China split into several rival kingdoms

bull This was the Period of Disunion War was common during this period

bull Some peaceful developments did take placendash Nomadic people settled in northern China Some

Chinese adopted their culture while invaders sometimes adopted the Chinese culture

ndash In southern China people fleeing from the north shared their culture with the southern Chinese while adopting some of the southern Chinese culture

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 79: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and

Song dynasties

bull Sui dynastyndash Yang Jian finally ended the Period of Disunion by

unifying China and creating the Sui dynastyndash Leaders also began the Grand Canal linking

northern and southern China

bull Tang dynastyndash This was the golden age of Chinese civilizationndash China grew to include much of Eastern Asia and

part of Central Asiandash After the Tang dynasty fell China became divided

again

bull Song dynastyndash China was reunified

>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 80: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%
>
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 81: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%
>

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 82: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

The Tang dynasty began when a former Sui official overthrew the old government and lasted for nearly 300 years

The Tang dynasty was viewed as the golden age of Chinese civilization Many lands were conquered the military was reformed and laws were created Culture also flourished

The Tang Dynasty

This dynasty included the only woman to rule China Empress Wu was sometimes vicious but she was also intelligent and talented

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 83: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious

changes in China

Buddhism was spreading quickly throughout the lands It first came to China during the Han dynasty

During the troubled time of the Period of Disunion many turned to Buddhism They took comfort in the teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace

It influenced many aspects of Chinese culture Wealthy people donated money to build temples It also affected art literature and architecture

Buddhism came to an end there when the Tang emperor launched a campaign against it burning texts and destroying temples

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 84: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Tang and Song Achievements

The Big Idea

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of economic cultural and technological accomplishments

Main Ideas

bull Advances in agriculture let to increased trade and population growth

bull Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties

bull The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 85: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

bull Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture They were expert farmers

bull In the north farmers grew wheat barley and other grains The south was ideal for growing rice

bull During the Song dynasty improvements were largely due to irrigation techniques

bull Farmers dug underground wells

bull A new kind of pump allowed one person to do the work of many

Main Idea 1Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and

population growth

bull The amount of land under cultivation increased and farmers learned to grow crops more efficiently

bull Farms were more productive and food was plentiful This led to population growth and increased trade

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 86: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Main Idea 2Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song

dynasties

bull Chinarsquos capital city Changrsquoan was a bustling trade center

bull Trade grew along with the cities making China richer than ever before

bull The Grand Canal a series of waterways that linked major cities carried a huge amount of trade goods

bull During the Tang dynasty most foreign trade went over land routes to India Southwest Asia Korea and Japan

bull During the Song dynasty sea trade allowed China to open its Pacific ports to other countries

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 87: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties

produced fine arts and inventions

bull The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of Chinarsquos greatest

bull Artists wrote poems painted sculpted in clay and made porcelain items

bull Some of the most important inventions were made during this time as well ndash Some of these influenced

events around the world

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 88: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Inventions

bull Woodblock printing was invented Entire pages were carved into a block of wood covered with ink and pressed onto paper to create copies

bull Gunpowder and the compass were very important inventions of the Tang dynasty

ndash Gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals

ndash The compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

bull The Song dynasty brought about the inventions of movable type and paper money

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 89: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Confucianism and Government

The Big Idea

Confucian thought influenced the Song government

Main Ideas

bull Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chinese government

bull Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during the Song dynasty

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 90: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Main Idea 1Confucianism underwent changes and influenced

Chinese government

bull The dominant philosophy in China was Confucianism based on the teachings of Confucius

bull His teachings focused on proper behavior

bull Confucius taught that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles

ndash One was ren or concern for others

ndash The other was li or appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 91: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Neo-Confucianism

bull After his death Confuciusrsquos ideas were spread by his followers but as Buddhism became more popular Confucianism lost some influence

bull Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

bull Neo-Confucianism developed due to a desire to improve Chinese government and society

bull It was similar to the older philosophy but emphasized spiritual matters

bull Neo-Confucianism became more influential under the Song and became official government teaching after the Song dynasty

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 92: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during

the Song dynasty

bull The Song dynasty improved the system by which people went to work for the government

bull These workers formed a large bureaucracy or a body of unelected government officials

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 93: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Civil Service Examinations

bull Officials joined the bureaucracy by passing civil service examinations

bull Civil service means service as a government official

bull These were a series of written examinations that tested studentsrsquo grasp of Confucianism and related ideas

bull The tests were difficult and students spent years preparing

bull Passing the exam meant life as a scholar-official an educated member of government

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 94: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Scholar-Officials

bull Scholar-officials were elite members of society and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics

bull They performed many important jobs in the government

bull Benefits included being respected and having reduced penalties for breaking the law

bull Many became wealthy from gifts given by people seeking their aid

bull This system helped the stability of the Song government

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 95: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368

>

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 96: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

The Yuan and Ming DynastiesThe Big Idea

The Chinese were ruled by foreigners during the Yuan dynasty but they threw off Mongol rule and prospered during the Ming dynasty

Main Ideas

bull The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity

bull China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 97: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Main Idea 1The Mongol Empire included China and

the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty

bull Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest including China

bull By the time of his death all of northern China was under his control

bull Kublai Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire and completed the conquest of China

bull He declared himself emperor of China in 1279 which began the Yuan dynasty

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 98: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Yuan DynastyMongols Rule China

Kublai KhanGenghis Khan

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 99: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners who spoke a different language worshipped different gods and had different customs

bull Although Khan made sure to keep control of the Chinese he did not force them to accept Mongol ways of life

bull Some Mongols adopted Chinese culture

Yuan Dynasty

bull Tax money went for public-works projects that required the labor of many Chinese

bull Trade routes were kept safe by Mongol soldiers

bull The Yuan dynasty ended when a rebel army defeated the Mongols in 1368

>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 100: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%
>

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 101: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Main Idea 2The Ming dynasty was a time of

stability and prosperity

bull Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and started the Ming dynasty

bull During this dynasty the Chinese improved their ship and sailing skills thanks to the greatest sailor of the time Zheng He

bull Zheng He boasted about his country during his travels and brought back gifts

bull The Ming were known for their grand building projects

bull The Forbidden City in Beijing is one example of their skill Within some buildings were 9000 rooms

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 102: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Great Building Projects

bull The Ming were also known for their grand building projects such as the Forbidden City

bull It was a symbol of Chinarsquos glory and the common people were not allowed to enter

bull Ming rulers also directed the restoration of the Great Wall of China

bull This kept the Chinese people safer against northern invasions

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 103: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes

in its government and relations with other countries

bull The Ming emperors were powerful and abolished the offices of some powerful officials

bull The Ming appointed censors They were officials who would judge the behavior of local leaders and inspect the schools and other institutions

bull The Ming emperors tried to eliminate all foreign influences

bull China entered a period of isolationism a policy of avoiding contact with other countries

bull Due to a lack of progress during this period China grew weak The Western world had made huge technological progress and began to take power in some parts of China by the late 1800s

>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 104: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%
>

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
Page 105: China Today Chinese Ethnic Groups Han Chinese - 91%

Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes

Photo of a Bound Foot

>

Manchu Warrior

>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
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  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
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  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
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  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
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  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
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  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
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  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
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  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121
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>
  • Slide 1
  • Slide 2
  • Chinese Ethnic Groups
  • Slide 4
  • Geography and Early China
  • Physical Geography
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Two Rivers of China
  • Slide 11
  • Civilization Begins
  • Slide 13
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • Slide 17
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Xia Dynasty
  • Xia Dynasty (2)
  • Slide 22
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
  • Slide 25
  • Slide 26
  • Slide 27
  • Slide 28
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Slide 30
  • Slide 31
  • Slide 32
  • Slide 33
  • Slide 34
  • Slide 35
  • Slide 36
  • Slide 37
  • Slide 38
  • Slide 39
  • Slide 40
  • Slide 41
  • Slide 42
  • The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
  • The Zhou Political System
  • Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
  • Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Two Schools of Thought
  • Slide 49
  • Slide 50
  • Slide 51
  • Slide 52
  • Slide 53
  • Slide 54
  • Slide 55
  • Slide 56
  • Slide 57
  • Slide 58
  • The Qin Dynasty
  • Slide 60
  • Shi Huangdi
  • Unified China
  • Qin Achievements
  • The Great Wall Of China
  • The Fall of the Qin The Oppressed Rise Up
  • Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi
  • Slide 67
  • Slide 68
  • Slide 69
  • Slide 70
  • Slide 71
  • Slide 72
  • The Han Dynasty
  • The Rise of a New Dynasty
  • Wudirsquos New Government
  • Four Social Classes under the Confucian System
  • Family Life
  • Han Achievements
  • Han Achievements (2)
  • Han Contacts with Other Cultures
  • Technological Advances during the Han Dynasty
  • Trade Routes
  • The Silk Road
  • The Silk Roads
  • Buddhism Comes to China
  • Slide 86
  • Slide 87
  • Main Idea 1 The Period of Disunion was a time of war and diso
  • Main Idea 2 China was reunified under the Sui Tang and Song
  • Slide 90
  • Slide 91
  • The Tang Dynasty
  • Main Idea 3 The Age of Buddhism saw major religious changes i
  • Slide 94
  • Main Idea 1 Advances in agriculture led to increased trade and
  • Main Idea 2 Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dyn
  • Main Idea 3 The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts a
  • Inventions
  • Slide 99
  • Main Idea 1 Confucianism underwent changes and influenced Chin
  • Neo-Confucianism
  • Main Idea 2 Scholar-officials ran Chinarsquos government during t
  • Civil Service Examinations
  • Scholar-Officials
  • Slide 105
  • Slide 106
  • Slide 107
  • Main Idea 1 The Mongol Empire included China and the Mongols
  • Yuan Dynasty Mongols Rule China
  • Yuan Dynasty
  • Slide 111
  • Slide 112
  • Main Idea 2 The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and pros
  • Great Building Projects
  • Main Idea 3 China under in Ming saw great changes in its gov
  • Slide 116
  • Slide 117
  • Chinese Women in Lotus Shoes
  • Photo of a Bound Foot
  • Slide 120
  • Slide 121