ChinaChina

The MingThe Ming

The QingThe Qing

The YuanThe Yuan

Khubilai KhanKhubilai Khan Khubilai the grandson of Genghis Khubilai the grandson of Genghis

after the death of Ogodei will after the death of Ogodei will name himself the Great Khan.name himself the Great Khan.

There will be opposition by those There will be opposition by those still in Mongolia over this decree.still in Mongolia over this decree.

Khubilai will start to rule from Khubilai will start to rule from Beijing and in 1271 will create the Beijing and in 1271 will create the Yuan Dynasty.Yuan Dynasty.

The YuanThe Yuan Khubilai Khan’s Khubilai Khan’s

ContributionsContributions Gave China a regional Gave China a regional

identityidentity Unify China after the Unify China after the

fall of the Song.fall of the Song. Laid the boundaries of Laid the boundaries of

modern Chinamodern China Worked together to Worked together to

bring Mongol and bring Mongol and Chinese cultures.Chinese cultures.

However while trying However while trying change the culture of change the culture of China Khubilai still China Khubilai still conformed to the conformed to the traditional Chinese traditional Chinese cultureculture

The YuanThe Yuan

Khubilai’s changesKhubilai’s changes Did away with the scholar examination Did away with the scholar examination

systemsystem Placed Mongols in the highest positions Placed Mongols in the highest positions

in courtin court Chinese were subordinate to the Chinese were subordinate to the

MongolMongol Confucianism was at odds with the Confucianism was at odds with the

rising merchant culturerising merchant culture

The YuanThe Yuan

Khubilai KhanKhubilai Khan Re-opens the Silk Road Re-opens the Silk Road

which created a Pax which created a Pax Mongolia in which there Mongolia in which there was a flow of new ideas was a flow of new ideas of religion, technology.of religion, technology.

Great amounts of wealth Great amounts of wealth were brought into the were brought into the Chinese EmpireChinese Empire

There was new There was new construction of roads, construction of roads, waterways and cities in waterways and cities in China China

The YuanThe Yuan

Europeans travelled to China such Europeans travelled to China such as Marco Poloas Marco Polo

Muslims brought new ideas of Muslims brought new ideas of science, medicine, astrologyscience, medicine, astrology

Mandarin became to official Mandarin became to official languagelanguage

The YuanThe Yuan DeclineDecline

By 1340 feuding among By 1340 feuding among Mongol princes led to Mongol princes led to rebellions throughout the rebellions throughout the empireempire

Natural disasters coupled Natural disasters coupled with the Black Death lead to with the Black Death lead to a population decline of up to a population decline of up to about 40 percentabout 40 percent

Many were unhappy with Many were unhappy with the Mongol culture and the Mongol culture and wanted to renew the wanted to renew the Chinese Culture in ChinaChinese Culture in China

The Mongols were absorbed The Mongols were absorbed into the Chinese culture into the Chinese culture while others returned homewhile others returned home

The MingThe Ming In 1368 the Ming will end the In 1368 the Ming will end the

Mongol ruled Yuan EmpireMongol ruled Yuan Empire The first Ming Emperor The first Ming Emperor

Hongwu tried to drive out Hongwu tried to drive out foreign influence however foreign influence however this was short lived and the this was short lived and the Ming tried returning to the Ming tried returning to the Yuan system and this too did Yuan system and this too did not worknot work

There was period of There was period of stagnation and by 1430’s stagnation and by 1430’s there was decline in there was decline in agriculture and China’s agriculture and China’s boarders were being boarders were being threatened.threatened.

The MingThe Ming Problems with feeding Problems with feeding

large populations reduced large populations reduced commercial progresscommercial progress

Due to foreign pressure Due to foreign pressure on the boarders on the boarders technology was restricted technology was restricted so it did not fall into so it did not fall into enemies hands.enemies hands.

However major Chinese However major Chinese still produced cultural still produced cultural works in areas such works in areas such literature, music, poetry literature, music, poetry and painting.and painting.

The MingThe Ming By the 1500’s there was a large demand for goods By the 1500’s there was a large demand for goods

from Chinafrom China Furniture, silk, blue and white porcelainFurniture, silk, blue and white porcelain

By 1550’s China’s economy was flooded with silver By 1550’s China’s economy was flooded with silver from the New World because of the large amount from the New World because of the large amount of exports coming out of China.of exports coming out of China.

However poor government monetary policies, and However poor government monetary policies, and corruption lead to inflation this coupled with corruption lead to inflation this coupled with epidemics and stagnate agriculture lead to epidemics and stagnate agriculture lead to peasant unrestpeasant unrest

Also China did something interesting, it closed its Also China did something interesting, it closed its door and isolated itself from the worlddoor and isolated itself from the world

The MingThe Ming

Class QuestionClass Question Why would the Ming isolate themselves Why would the Ming isolate themselves

from the rest of the world and what from the rest of the world and what effect would this have on China and effect would this have on China and future dynasties?future dynasties?

The MingThe Ming

Ming rulers were also cautious about Ming rulers were also cautious about foreignersforeigners

Europeans were now drawn to China Europeans were now drawn to China for it’s goods and technologyfor it’s goods and technology

In a effort to restrict trade outposts In a effort to restrict trade outposts were established to limit trade in Chinawere established to limit trade in China

The Dutch East India Company will be The Dutch East India Company will be the most successful because they were the most successful because they were willing to ask for permission to tradewilling to ask for permission to trade

The QingThe Qing

By 1570’s the Ming faced many By 1570’s the Ming faced many internal and external problems that internal and external problems that caused a threat to the dynastycaused a threat to the dynasty In the south Japanese piratesIn the south Japanese pirates In the north MongolsIn the north Mongols In the northwest the Manchu were In the northwest the Manchu were

consolidating powerconsolidating power

The QingThe Qing In 1592 the Japanese attacked Korea and In 1592 the Japanese attacked Korea and

drove towards China.drove towards China. The cost of defending China and the The cost of defending China and the

movement of people fleeing cost the Mingmovement of people fleeing cost the Ming In 1640’s internal problems caused the In 1640’s internal problems caused the

Ming to turn to the Manchu to help stop Ming to turn to the Manchu to help stop the rebellionsthe rebellions

After the rebellions had stopped the After the rebellions had stopped the Manchu failed to turn China back over to Manchu failed to turn China back over to the Mingthe Ming

The Manchu would set up the Qing The Manchu would set up the Qing Dynasty and now control ChinaDynasty and now control China

ReadingReading

In the Human RecordIn the Human Record Yang Lien page 86-89 and answer the Yang Lien page 86-89 and answer the

questions for analysisquestions for analysis

Emperor Kangxi self portrait 209-213 Emperor Kangxi self portrait 209-213 and answer the questions for analysisand answer the questions for analysis

The QingThe Qing Once the Ming took over China they quickly realized Once the Ming took over China they quickly realized

that to control China they needed to adopt many of that to control China they needed to adopt many of the Chinese practicesthe Chinese practices

The Manchu would control the government however The Manchu would control the government however China would need to be turned over to the Chinese.China would need to be turned over to the Chinese.

Also there was a growing interest in trade with Also there was a growing interest in trade with China by European nations.China by European nations.

By the 16By the 16thth Century Europeans in growing numbers Century Europeans in growing numbers were drawn to the wealth that China had.were drawn to the wealth that China had.

And Christianity was starting to grow in China. And Christianity was starting to grow in China. Emperor Kangxi started to use Jesuits to fill Emperor Kangxi started to use Jesuits to fill government positions.government positions.

The QingThe Qing With this new European influence China began to With this new European influence China began to

look like a European style government.look like a European style government. The Qing had also restored order after the fall of The Qing had also restored order after the fall of

Ming by working on internal problemsMing by working on internal problems Rebuilding roads, lowering taxes, re-settling land and Rebuilding roads, lowering taxes, re-settling land and

giving land back to the peasants.giving land back to the peasants.

By the time Kangxi took power China was back to By the time Kangxi took power China was back to a time of peace and prosperity which allowed for a time of peace and prosperity which allowed for China to start a policy of expansion of its China to start a policy of expansion of its boarders. boarders. There were wars with both Russia in which China gained There were wars with both Russia in which China gained

land and Mongolia which came under Chinese control.land and Mongolia which came under Chinese control.

The QingThe Qing

While China was expanding internally it While China was expanding internally it was still trying to keep foreign powers was still trying to keep foreign powers out of mainland Chinaout of mainland China

Europeans were only allowed to trade in Europeans were only allowed to trade in Canton but by 1790 The British were Canton but by 1790 The British were upset that there was a growing trade upset that there was a growing trade deficit deficit British silver was going into China to pay for tea British silver was going into China to pay for tea

however the Chinese were not using the same silver however the Chinese were not using the same silver to buy British goods-The British did not have to buy British goods-The British did not have anything the Chinese wanted.anything the Chinese wanted.

The QingThe Qing

The British East India Company was The British East India Company was close to bankruptcy close to bankruptcy

Diplomatic talks were a failure in Diplomatic talks were a failure in 1792 with Lord George Macartney1792 with Lord George Macartney

There was a barrier between the There was a barrier between the Chinese and the BritishChinese and the British

The QingThe Qing

Problems within the QingProblems within the Qing China itself was heading into an economic China itself was heading into an economic

decline caused by a massive population decline caused by a massive population explosion and the lack of foodexplosion and the lack of food

China had failed to keep current with new China had failed to keep current with new technologytechnology

Disforestation lead to lack of heating fuelDisforestation lead to lack of heating fuel The Qing had doubled the size of the empire of The Qing had doubled the size of the empire of

the Ming and this lead to rebellions the Ming and this lead to rebellions Natural disastersNatural disasters And then there was And then there was

The QingThe Qing

OpiumOpium

SongSong

ConclusionConclusion The Song had developed a large trade The Song had developed a large trade

and city system in Chinaand city system in China The Song had also developed a large The Song had also developed a large

seafaring trade system and the largest seafaring trade system and the largest port in the worldport in the world

The Song spread Chinese influence The Song spread Chinese influence across Asia by the means of literature across Asia by the means of literature which would influence Japan and Koreawhich would influence Japan and Korea