China Property law. Comparison between China and Spain cultural heritage

7/30/2019 China Property law. Comparison between China and Spain cultural heritage.

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SILVIA MARIA GONZLEZ FERNNDEZXIAMEN UNIVERSITY. CHINA.

MASTER IN CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL LAW.PROPERTY LAW


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Historical, Cultural, and Educational Interests

Cultural property preserved within its country of origin hasethnological, historical, cultural, and educational worth. These valuesare enhanced for the source nation by the presence of the propertywithin its borders. Presence in the source nation maintains a linkbetween the artifact and its geographical and historical milieu.

The Confuciunism illustrates the critical importance of resident

cultural property.


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The method of heritage protection can be divided into two kinds:static and dynamic. Cultural relics should be protected bymuseum-style, it's static protection; language and other non-material cultural heritage in order to be protected by living state.Static protection is based on protecting inheritors, to make them

play an active role in their the non-material cultural heritage anddevelopment.


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First, to make local volunteers and community residents as the mainrole of cultural heritage protection, to establish volunteer protectionmechanisms, to arouse self-consciousness and action of the localpopulation to protect the cultural heritage; second, in the process ofprotection the government and non-governmental organizations must

respect cultural rights of local people and right of development so asto effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of localpeople; Third, to play down the role of experts, not pre-empt, orimposed.


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The World Heritage Convention

The most significant feature of the 1972 World Heritage Convention isthat it links together in a single document the concepts of natureconservation and the preservation of cultural properties. The

Convention recognizes the way in which people interact with nature,and the fundamental need to preserve the balance between the two.


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United Nations Educational and Scientific Organization (UNESCO) hassince promoted

various conventions and other instruments for the conservation ofcultural heritage,

including the following:q Recommendation Concerning International Competitions in

Architecture and Town Planning (1956);q Recommendations on International Principles Applicable toArchaeological Excavations (1956);

q Recommendations Concerning the Safeguarding of the Beautyand Character of Landscapes and Sites (1962);

q Recommendations Concerning the Preservation of CulturalProperty Endangered by Public or Private Works (1968);

q Recommendations Concerning the Protection at National Level ofthe Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972);

q Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural andNatural Heritage (1972) which introduced the concept of WorldHeritage Sites;

q Recommendations Concerning the Safeguarding andContemporary Role of Historic Areas (1976).


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UNESCOs Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Culturaland

Natural Heritage (1972) has defined cultural heritage by the following

classifications:v Monuments: architectural works, works of monumental

sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeologicalnature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features,which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view ofhistory, art or science;

v Groups of buildings: groups of separate or connected

buildings which, because of their architecture, their homogeneity ortheir place in the landscape, are of outstanding universal value fromthe point of view of history, art or science;

v Sites: works of man or the combined works of nature and ofman, and areas including archaeological sites which are of outstandinguniversal value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or

anthropological points of view.


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CULTURAL HERITAGE IN CHINA. UNESCO

China AncientBuildingComplexintheWudangMountains

AncientCityofPingYao AncientVillagesinSouthernAnhui XidiandHongcun CapitalCitiesandTombs oftheAncientKoguryoKingdom ChinaDanxia ClassicalGardensofSuzhou DazuRockCarvings

FujianTulou HistoricCentreofMacao HistoricEnsembleofthePotalaPalace,Lhasa1 HistoricMonumentsofDengfengin TheCentreofHeavenand

Earth HuanglongScenicandHistoricInterestArea

ImperialPalacesoftheMingandQingDynastiesin BeijingandShenyang ImperialTombs oftheMingandQingDynasties Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area Kaiping Diaolou and Villages Longmen Grottoes Lushan National Park Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor
http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/cnhttp://whc.unesco.org/en/list/705http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/705http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/705http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/705http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/705http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/705http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/705http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/812http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/812http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/812http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/812http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/812http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1002http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1002http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1002http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1002http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1002http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1002http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1002http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1002http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1135http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1135http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1135http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1135http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1135http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1135http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1135http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1135http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1335http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1335http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/813http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/813http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/813http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/813http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/912http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/912http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/912http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1113http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1113http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1110http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1110http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1110http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1110http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/707http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/707http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/707http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/707http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/707http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/707http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/707http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/?search=china&searchSites=&search_by_country=&search_yearinscribed=&type=&themes=&media=&region=&criteria_restrication=&order=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/638http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/638http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/638http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/638http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/638http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/638http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1004http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1004http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1004http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1004http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1004http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1004http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1004http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1004http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1004http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1004http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1004http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1004http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1004http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1004http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1004http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/638http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/638http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/638http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/638http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/638http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/638http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1305http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/?search=china&searchSites=&search_by_country=&search_yearinscribed=&type=&themes=&media=&region=&criteria_restrication=&order=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/707http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/707http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/707http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/707http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/707http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/707http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/707http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/707http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1110http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1110http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1110http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1110http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1113http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1113http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/912http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/912http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/912http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/813http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/813http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/813http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/813http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1335http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1335http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1135http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1135http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1135http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1135http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1135http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1135http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1135http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1135http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1135http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1002http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1002http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1002http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1002http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1002http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1002http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1002http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1002http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1002http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/812http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/812http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/812http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/812http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/812http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/705http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/705http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/705http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/705http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/705http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/705http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/705http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/cn


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MountEmeiScenicArea,includingLeshanGiantBuddhaScenicArea

MountHuangshan MountQingchengandtheDujiangyanIrrigationSystem

MountSanqingshanNationalPark MountTaishan MountWutai MountWuyi MountainResortanditsOutlyingTemples, Chengde OldTownofLijiang

PekingManSiteatZhoukoudian SichuanGiantPandaSanctuaries - Wolong,MtSiguniangand

JiajinMountains SouthChinaKarst SummerPalace,anImperialGardenin Beijing Temple andCemeteryofConfuciusandtheKongFamily

MansioninQufu Temple ofHeaven:anImperialSacrificialAltar in Beijing TheGreatWall ThreeParallelRiversofYunnanProtectedAreas WulingyuanScenicandHistoricInterestArea YinXu

YungangGrottoes
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/779http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/779http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/779http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/779http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/779http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/779http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/779http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/779http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/779http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/779http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/547http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/547http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1001http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1001http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1001http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1001http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1001http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1001http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1001http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1292http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1292http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1292http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1292http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/437http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/437http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1279http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1279http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/911http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/911http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/703http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/703http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/703http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/703http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/703http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/703http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/703http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/811http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/811http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/811http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/811http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/449http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/449http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/449http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/449http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/449http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1213http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1213http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1213http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1213http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1213http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1213http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1213http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1213http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1213http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1213http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1248http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1248http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1248http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/880http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/880http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/880http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/880http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/880http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/880http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/881http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/881http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/881http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/881http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/881http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/881http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/438http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/438http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/438http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1083http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1083http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1083http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1083http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1083http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1083http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1083http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/640http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/640http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/640http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/640http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/640http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/640http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1114http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1114http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1039http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1039http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1039http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1039http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1039http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1114http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1114http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/640http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/640http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/640http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/640http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/640http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/640http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1083http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1083http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1083http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1083http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1083http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1083http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1083http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/438http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/438http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/438http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/881http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/881http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/881http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/881http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/881http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/881http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/881http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/881http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/704http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/880http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/880http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/880http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/880http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/880http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/880http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/880http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1248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Alhambra,GeneralifeandAlbayzn, Granada1 Aranjuez CulturalLandscape ArchaeologicalEnsembleofMrida ArchaeologicalEnsembleofTrraco ArchaeologicalSiteofAtapuerca BurgosCathedral CatalanRomanesqueChurchesoftheValldeBo Cathedral, AlczarandArchivo de Indias inSeville CaveofAltamiraandPaleolithicCaveArtofNorthernSpain DoanaNationalPark GarajonayNationalPark HistoricCentreofCordoba2 HistoricCityofToledo HistoricWalledTownofCuenca Ibiza,BiodiversityandCulture
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La Lonja de la Seda de Valencia Las Mdulas MonasteryandSiteoftheEscurial, Madrid MonumentsofOviedoandtheKingdomoftheAsturias MudejarArchitectureofAragon OldCityofSalamanca OldTownofvilawithitsExtra-MurosChurches OldTownofCceres OldTownofSegoviaanditsAqueduct Palaude la Msica CatalanaandHospital deSantPau, Barcelona PalmeralofElche PobletMonastery PrehistoricRockArtSitesintheCaValleyandSiega Verde Pyrnes - MontPerdu RenaissanceMonumentalEnsemblesofbedaandBaeza
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RockArtoftheMediterraneanBasinontheIberianPeninsula RomanWallsofLugo RouteofSantiago de Compostela RoyalMonasteryofSanta Mara de Guadalupe San Cristbal de La Laguna San Milln YusoandSusoMonasteries Santiago de Compostela (OldTown) Teide NationalPark Tower ofHercules UniversityandHistoricPrecinctofAlcal de Henares VizcayaBridge WorksofAntoniGaud
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Article 12 Socialist public property is inviolable. The state protects socialist property. Appropriation or damaging of

state or collective property by any organization or individual bywhatever means is prohibited.

Article 13 The state protects the right of citizens to own lawfullyearned income, savings, houses and other lawful property. Article 22 The state promotes the development of art and literature,

the press, radio and television broadcasting, publishing anddistribution services, libraries, museums, cultural centers and othercultural undertakings that serve the people and socialism, and it

sponsors mass cultural activities. The state protects sites of scenic and historical interest, valuable

cultural monuments and relics and other significant items of China'shistorical and cultural heritage.


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China's cultural heritage consists of both tangible and intangiblecultural heritage. Tangible cultural heritage refers to cultural relicswith historical, artistic and scientific values, including movable andunmovable cultural relics.

1. Movable cultural relics include ancient cultural remains, ancient

tombs, ancient architectures, grotto temples, stone carvings, murals,and important remains and representative buildings in the history ofmodern China.

There are nearly 400,000 registered sites of unmovable cultural relicsin mainland China so far. Administration by levels is exercised on theprotection of unmovable cultural relics in China. Important unmovable

cultural relics are classified as sites under protection at county &municipal, provincial or state levels. In China, there are so far 2352sites under the state-level protection, 9396 sites under the provincial-level protection and 58,300 sites under the county or municipal-levelprotection. Moreover, 103 cities are designated as "Historically and

Culturally Famous City".


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Legal system building has been constantly improved and a system oflaws and regulations on cultural relics protection has been basicallydeveloped.

In 1982, China issued the Law of the People's Republic of China on the

Protection of Cultural Relics, the country's first law in the field ofcultural relics. The Law was revised in October 2002. Within theframework of the Law, the Ministry of Culture and the StateAdministration of Cultural Heritage have drawn up some 30 regulatorydocuments and administration regulations, and a number of localregulations have been released. In addition, China has joined the four

international conventions concerning the protection of culturalheritage, including Convention on the Means of Prohibiting andPreventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership ofCultural Property (1970).


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In addition, major explorations have been conducted in the following

three aspects: A) Improve the legal system concerning the protection of cultural

relics and their surroundings, continue to strengthen the lawenforcement and further speed up theoretical studies so as to makesure that legal means and theoretical studies will play a bigger role inthe protection of cultural relics.

B) Speed up the compilation of plans for the protection of culturalrelics so that they can be given proper protection under the guidanceof protection plans. Meanwhile, more efforts should be made infacilitating protection plans to be integrated into overall urbandevelopment plans, urban system plans and economic and social

development plans, and in working out measures to implementprotection plans on the dimension of country administration. C) Try our utmost to guarantee the implementation of significant

protection projects such as large-scale remains in cities, complete anumber of model projects for the protection of key heritage sites,gradually develop a good natural, cultural and ecological environmentfor the protection of cultural relics, achieve harmonious and


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Articles on the protection of artifacts are included in the criminal law.The cultural relics protection law was passed in 1982 and amended in1991. A new cultural relics protection law was passed in 2002. Rulesand regulations issued by the ministry of culture and stateadministration of cultural heritage guide have implemented theses

laws.


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Law 16/1985 of 25 June on Spanish Historical Heritage.

PART I. DECLARATION OF INTEREST CULTURAL PROPERTY(Articles 9 to 13)

They are subject to this Act the protection, enhancement andtransmission to future generations of Spanish Historical Heritage.

2. Integrate the Spanish Historical Heritage buildings and movableobjects of artistic, historical, paleontological, archaeological,ethnographic, scientific or technical. Also part of the bibliographic anddocumentary heritage, and archeological sites and natural sites,gardens and parks, which have artistic value, historical oranthropological.

3. The most important property of the Spanish Historical Heritage

should be inventoried or declared of cultural interest in the termsprovided in this Act


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Article 6.For the purposes of this Act shall be construed as the competent forexecution:

a. Each Autonomous Community are responsible for the

protection of historical heritage.2. The statement by Royal Decree require prior initiation andprocessing of administrative proceedings by the competent authorityas provided in Article 6 of this Act shall state on the record of afavorable report of consultative institutions mentioned in Article 3,paragraph 2, or have recognized the same character in the context ofa region. Three months after the application of the report whichhad not been issued, it is understood that the favorable opinion isrequired the declaration of cultural interest. When the dossier is forreal estate are available as well, opening a period of public informationand shall be heard by City Council concerned.3. The file should resolve within a maximum period of twentymonths from the date on which it was initiated. The fileexpiration will occur within that period if the delay has been reported

and if no decision within four months after the complaint. Expired filemay not be initiated again in the next three years, except atthe request of the holder.

4. May not be declared of cultural interest the work of a living author,unless there is express permission of the owner or half its acquisitionby the Administration.

5. it can be processed by the competent administrative record, which


20/21

The rich cultural heritage of Southeast Asia has been recognized as anasset that attracts visitors and generates income for this regionRevitalization of heritage structures and precincts, and thedevelopment of cultural heritage tourism initiatives have fosteredstrong community ownership and helped ensure the values of cultural

heritage. Innovative interpretations of historic sites, public artprogrammes and special cultural events are the essential ingredientsof a successful agenda for cultural heritage tourism. Nonetheless,planning and management of cultural heritage tourism in SoutheastAsia have met with several shortcomings. The major challenge has

been to work effectively with all stakeholders in cultural heritage tounderstand the needs and constraints of the host communities, whilstat the same time upholding the principles of conserving culturalheritage.


21/21

The cultural heritage tourism segment in Southeast Asia reflects theneed for strong government commitment and leadership to enforceeffective regulations to protect cultural heritage from developmentthreats. Several initiatives have been employed including fairs,exhibitions, seminars and workshops to gather more public awareness

on the importance of cultural heritage conservation for tourism. TheASEAN symbol of solidarity should be realized through theestablishment of smart partnerships for the transfer of know-how,technology and experience in managing the vibrant cultural heritagecities. Community participation at various levels would serve well inpreserving the cultural fabric that shape and mould the notable

heritage milieu of the Southeast Asian cities. In time, it is hoped thatthe intrinsic meanings and values of cultural heritage conservationwould transcend all stakeholders, tourists, the NGOs, local

communities as well as the younger generations.

Documents

China Property law. Comparison between China and Spain cultural heritage