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8/10/2019 China Musical Instruments
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Music in CHINA
Vocal music
Regional folk songs, narrative song & theater
Guises & contexts: Vocal / instrumental, solo /ensemble
Programmatic titles:
Nature (Autumn Mood and Lake Scenery)
Literature/myth (Su Wu the Shepherd)Mood (Joyous Feelings)
Musical Structure (Old Six Beats)
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8 categories
of musical
instruments
bayin)
Wood
amboo
Metal
Stone
Clay
Skin
Silk
Gourd
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The Qin
(Seven-String Zither)
Jiangnan Sizhu
(Silk and Bamboo)
Jingju(Beijing Opera)
Yangbanxi(Revolutionary Beijing
Opera)
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Guqin (ancient zither)
51 inch-long rectangular board zither
Paulonia wood painted black
7 strings
Twisted silk
Lengthwise from end to end
Without frets/bridges
11 inlaid mother-of-pearl circles along one side marking the
acoustical nodes/vibration points for each string
The Qin(Seven-String Zither)
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The Qin(Seven-String Zither)
Right hand: plucked the stringsLeft hand: stops the strings
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The Qin(Seven-String Zither)
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The Qin(Seven-String Zither)
Timbre
Plucked sounds produced by nail/flesh of finger, tone bending created by left
hand sliding & use of harmonic (clear, hollow sounds gentle touch string at a node)
Each string tuned differently
Pentatonic (5 tones)
Rhythm
sounds fluid, improvisational,halting or rushing.
notation : tablature
Texture
monophonicshort motives
sound inconsistent
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The Qin(Seven-String Zither)
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Jiangnan Sizhu(Silk and Bamboo)
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Jiangnan Sizhu(Silk and Bamboo)
More easily to hear a tune
Clear phrases
Repetition of certain musical ideas
Music
Quite busyEach instrument plays continuously
Frequent use of ornamentationMost instruments play in high rangeOverall sound thinner
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Jiangnan Sizhu
(Silk and Bamboo) Instruments
Flute (dizi)
Lute (pipa)
Hammeredzither (yangqin)
Fiddle (erhu)
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Jiangnan Sizhu(Silk and Bamboo)
Fiddle (erhu)
Hexagonal wooden resonator with python skin covering one face
long stick serving as the neck pierces the body
2 rear tuning pegs at the top
2 silk strings run the length of the instruments
horsehairs of the bow pass between he 2 strings
pull/push the bow against string
left hand create specific pitches
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Jiangnan Sizhu(Silk and Bamboo)
Hammered Zither (yangqin)
formerly a small trapezoidal-shaped instrument with 2 bridges
20th
century: 3-6 bridges
Strikes with 2 small bamboo beaters.
as an accompanying instrument
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Jiangnan Sizhu(Silk and Bamboo)
Lute (pipa)
extensive solo repertory in ensembles
hollow wooden pear-shaped body
4 strings pass over raised bamboo frets
chromatic playing 12 tones)
plucking the strings outwards
Use all 5 fingers in rapid-fire motion
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Jiangnan Sizhu(Silk and Bamboo)
Flute (dizi)
Length: 16 inches 2 feet
blowing hole at the left end
1 membrane hole
6 finger holes
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Jiangnan Sizhu(Silk and Bamboo)
Instruments
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Jiangnan Sizhu(Silk and Bamboo)
Pitches
7 regular pitches of D major scale
music is in pentatonic
common keys (diao): D & G
Meter & Rhythm
duple
down & up beats
simple rhythm
few syncopations & dotted value
Structure
Heterophonic
Dynamics
One level
Tempo
Slow at the end
Notation
1. experienced player
play without notation
knowledge on basic tune structure
2. Less experienced player jianpu
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Jiangnan Sizhu(Silk and Bamboo)
Chinese Melodies & Jianpu
adopt by hymnal prints (Western)
practical and easy to read
pitch numbering 1 to 7 (mostly diatonic)single key
symbols of rhythm & meter
tonic pitch is 1 in any key
e.g: key of D (D diao): 1 is D, 3 is F#, 5 is A.
rhythm indicated with horizontal & vertical lines
Dots above and below numbers indicates octave
Jianpu
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Jiangnan Sizhu(Silk and Bamboo)
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Jingju(Beijing Opera)
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Jingju(Beijing Opera)
All roles sing with little or no
vibrato
sounds nasal and high range
Female impersonatorsmales playing womensroles
(use falsetto/head voice)
Modal system
1. Role type2. Melodic mode
3. Metrical/rhythmic pattern
4. Linguistic tone
Jing (painted-face characters):
Tend to sing in a rough, declamatory
style
Instrument accompaniment
Melodic (civil & military)
Percussion
Singers work closely with conductor
and jinghu player
Jinghu
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Jingju(Beijing Opera)
music ensemble (left stage)
Minimal props (1 table & 2
chairs)
Holding a mane
(riding a horse) Holding cloth flags
(riding chariot)
4 major role types:
1. sheng (male roles)
2. dan (female roles)
3. jing (painted face roles)4. chou (comedians)
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Jingju(Beijing Opera)
Tao Ma Tan (role), aria from
Mu Kezhai (opera)
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Wear modern costumes
(military uniforms)
Stage looks more realistic
(props background)
Western instruments
harmony used
Stories has political
ramifications
Yangbanxi(Revolutionary Beijing Opera)
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Yangbanxi(Revolutionary Beijing Opera)
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Yangbanxi(Revolutionary Beijing Opera)
Instruments: western + chinese (jinghu fiddle & percussion)
written-out score
Western features: harmony, counterpoint, orchestration
1966 1976: non-stop propaganda (form of artistic productions)
[music, dance, spoken theater, opera, art & literature]
Jiang Qiang: 8 Model Works
i. 5 Revolutionary Beijing Operasii. 2 Revolutionary Ballets (The Red Detachment of Women)
iii. 1 Revolutionary Symphony
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Yangbanxi(Revolutionary Beijing Opera)
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!! Quiz !!
1. How many strings are there on a zither (qin)?
7 strings
2. Which type of opera use western music instruments?
Beijing Opera
Revolutionary Beijing Opera
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!! Quiz !!
Name these instruments
Flute (dizi) Lute (pipa)
Hammeredzither (yangqin)
Fiddle (erhu)
Zither (qin)
Jinghu
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