China: From Republic to Communist Power

China before WWII• Had a revolution in 1911• Got rid of ancient Chinese emperor system• Tired of being “carved up like a melon” – push around by European imperialist powers

Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866 – 1925)

Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866 – 1925)

Led the Revolution of 1911Led the Revolution of 1911

Chinese Warlords, 1920s

Chinese Warlords, 1920s

Yuan Shi-kaiYuan Shi-kai

• China was in chaos after the revolution• Warlords established control

China in 1924China in 1924

Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary

Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary

• One of the groups competing for power were Communists, led by Mao• Focused on getting support of peasants

Chiang Kai-shek Becomes President of Nationalist China,

1928

Chiang Kai-shek Becomes President of Nationalist China,

1928

The new leader of the republic – tried to stop Mao’s rebellion

The new leader of the republic – tried to stop Mao’s rebellion

The Long MarchThe Long March

Survivors of the March

Survivors of the March

Japanese Aggression, 1931 - 1945

Japanese Aggression, 1931 - 1945

Japan invaded China, along with East & Southeast Asia to carve for itself a “sphere

of influence”

The Peoples’ Liberation Army, 1949

The Peoples’ Liberation Army, 1949

• Civil War began again, after the Japanese were expelled from China

The Communist Victory

The Communist Victory

Taiwan: The Republic of China

Taiwan: The Republic of China

Jiang Jieshu (1887-1975)

Jiang Jieshu (1887-1975)

(Chiang Kai-shek)(Chiang Kai-shek)

The People’s Republic of China

The People’s Republic of China

Reasons for the Communists’

Success

Reasons for the Communists’

Success► Mao won support of peasants – land

► Mao won support of women

► Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics

► Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt (too much foreign influence)

Communist China Under Mao

Communist China Under Mao

► Industrialized China► Increased literacy► Class privileges ended► Rural Chinese received health care► One-party dictatorship► Denied people basic rights and freedoms

Great Leap Forward, 1958

Great Leap Forward, 1958

► 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry

► Built backyard furnaces to make iron

► Failed due to poor quality of products, no one working in fields – MASS FAMINE

A Campaign Against the

“FOUR OLDS”

A Campaign Against the

“FOUR OLDS”► Old Thoughts

► Old Culture

► Old Customs

► Old Habits

To Rebel Is Good!To Rebel Is Good!

Smash the Old World. Establish a New World.

Cultural RevolutionCultural Revolution

► Designed to reinstall a revolutionary spirit► To deflect from Great Leap Forward’s failure► Red Guards – students who attacked professors, government officials, factory managers

A Red GuardA Red Guard

With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word

'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the

word 'Usefullness'. (1968)

With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word

'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the

word 'Usefullness'. (1968)

Cult of Personality

The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us

togetherZhejiang Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art Academy collective,

1968

The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us

togetherZhejiang Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art Academy collective,

1968

Mao’s Little Red

Book

Propaganda PosterPropaganda Poster

Go among the workers, peasants and soldiers, and into the thick of

struggle!1967-1972

Go among the workers, peasants and soldiers, and into the thick of

struggle!1967-1972




Assignment

*Page 539

*Copy the “Chinese Political Opponents” chart onto your notes.

*Answer the skillbuilder questions.

• Japan’s Invasion

Japanese Soldiers March into Nanking

December 9, 1937

Japanese Soldiers March into Nanking

December 9, 1937

Victims of the Japanese bombing of Shanghai.

Victims of the Japanese bombing of Shanghai.

The Japanese Invasion, 1937The Japanese

Invasion, 1937

Beheadings Took Place in Public

Beheadings Took Place in Public

“Ping-Pong Diplomacy”: U. S. Players at Great

Wall, 1971

“Ping-Pong Diplomacy”: U. S. Players at Great

Wall, 1971

Mao Meets President Nixon,

1972

Mao Meets President Nixon,

1972

Power StrugglePower Struggle

Modernists

Communist Traditionalist

s

Zhou Enlai

“The Gang of Four”: Jiang Qin, Chen Boda, Wang Hongwen, Yao

Wenyuan

1976

Deng Xiaoping (1905-1997)

Deng Xiaoping (1905-1997)

De-Maoization

De-Maoization

► Agriculture

► Industry

► Science

► Defense

► Agriculture

► Industry

► Science

► Defense

““The 4 The 4 Modernizations”Modernizations”

Progress in:Progress in:

Class struggle was no longer the central focus!

Gap Between Rich & Poor

Gap Between Rich & Poor

Deng: If you open a window, some flies naturally get in!

Tiananmen Square, 1989


More democracy!



Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University



Democracy—Our Common Ideal!



The“Goddess

ofDemocracy”



The Government Clamps Down



One Lone Man’s Protest



The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In



The Massacre: A Human Body Crushed by an Army Tank



The Army Looks for Dissidents


Student Leaders Are Arrested



Chinese Students Mourn the Dead



The Reestablishment of Order

Documents

China: From Republic to Communist Power