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China and Taiwan GATE. Prof. Tony O’Driscoll. Agenda. Civilization, Culture, Leadership and GATE. Understanding and Applying Relational Models. Understanding and Applying Cultural Dimensions. Preparing for GATE. GATE FOCUS: Why not How. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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China and Taiwan GATE
Prof. Tony O’Driscoll
Agenda
Civilization, Culture, Leadership and GATECivilization, Culture, Leadership and GATE
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Understanding and Applying Relational ModelsUnderstanding and Applying Relational Models
Understanding and Applying Cultural DimensionsUnderstanding and Applying Cultural Dimensions
Preparing for GATEPreparing for GATE
GATE FOCUS: Why not How
GATE experience should NOT focus solely on HOW to do business in a given region, GATE experience should NOT focus solely on HOW to do business in a given region, but also on WHY business is conducted the way it is in the region.but also on WHY business is conducted the way it is in the region.
GATE experience should NOT focus solely on HOW to do business in a given region, GATE experience should NOT focus solely on HOW to do business in a given region, but also on WHY business is conducted the way it is in the region.but also on WHY business is conducted the way it is in the region.
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2012 Leadership Transitions
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Agenda
Civilization, Culture, Leadership and GATECivilization, Culture, Leadership and GATE
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Understanding and Applying Relational ModelsUnderstanding and Applying Relational Models
Understanding and Applying Cultural DimensionsUnderstanding and Applying Cultural Dimensions
Preparing for GATEPreparing for GATE
Social Relations: Relational Models (RMs)
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Relational Model (RM)RM Domains
There are only four fundamental RMs that generate coordination systems in every domain of sociality in every culture….Just as four basic forces generate the complex and varied structures of the physical universe, four basic social bonds generate the
complex and varied structures of the social universe Fiske and Haslam
There are only four fundamental RMs that generate coordination systems in every domain of sociality in every culture….Just as four basic forces generate the complex and varied structures of the physical universe, four basic social bonds generate the
complex and varied structures of the social universe Fiske and Haslam
Relational Model DomainsEach culture implements the four RMs in many distinct ways and in different
combinations. In a particular culture, a given aspect of a given domain of sociality may be organized by any of the RMs, and the way each aspect
is organized may change historically. Fiske and Haslam
Each culture implements the four RMs in many distinct ways and in different combinations. In a particular culture, a given aspect of a given domain of sociality may be organized by any of the RMs, and the way each aspect
is organized may change historically. Fiske and Haslam
Activity: US/China Relational Models
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• Form teams of 3-4• Allocate 100 points across CS, AR, EM, MP• Identify Key Domain for top two RMs• Explain rationale for Allocation and Domains
10m
CSCS ARAR EMEM MPMP
China’s Relational Model Composite
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CCMBA 2011 CCMBA 2012 CCMBA 2013
Source: CCMBA 2010, 2011 Aggregate Responses (Shanghai,) From Pre-Residency Blog.
China RM (Post Residency)
10Source: CCMBA 2010, 2011 Aggregate Responses (Shanghai) from Post Residency Case Study Deliverable.
Composite Relational Models
Source: CCMBA 2010, 2011 Aggregate Responses (Shanghai, London, Dubai, Delhi, St. Petersburg) from Post Residency Case Study Deliverable.
Agenda
Civilization, Culture, Leadership and GATECivilization, Culture, Leadership and GATE
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Understanding and Applying Relational ModelsUnderstanding and Applying Relational Models
Understanding and Applying Cultural DimensionsUnderstanding and Applying Cultural Dimensions
Preparing for GATEPreparing for GATE
Culture: Defining Cultural Dimensions
Culture is the set of beliefs and values about what is desirable and understandableCulture is the set of beliefs and values about what is desirable and understandable in a community of people, and a set of formal or informal practices to in a community of people, and a set of formal or informal practices to
support those values support those values Javidan and House
Culture is the set of beliefs and values about what is desirable and understandableCulture is the set of beliefs and values about what is desirable and understandable in a community of people, and a set of formal or informal practices to in a community of people, and a set of formal or informal practices to
support those values support those values Javidan and House
Source: Culture Leadership and Organizations, The GLOBE Study13
Cultural Dimensions (CD)
CD Descriptors
Activity: US/China Cultural Dimensions
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• Form teams of 3-4• Identify where the US/China vary from Avg.• Explain rationale for your CD Profile
10m
Source: Globe Study of 62 Societies, Sage 2004
US CDs
15Source: Globe Study of 62 Societies, Sage 2004
China’s Cultural Dimensions
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CCMBA 2011 CCMBA 2012 CCMBA 2013
Source: CCMBA 2010, 2011 Aggregate Responses (Shanghai) from Blog Pre-Read.
China CDs
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China, Taiwan, US CDs
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Agenda
Civilization, Culture, Leadership and GATECivilization, Culture, Leadership and GATE
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Understanding and Applying Relational ModelsUnderstanding and Applying Relational Models
Understanding and Applying Cultural DimensionsUnderstanding and Applying Cultural Dimensions
Preparing for GATEPreparing for GATE
China’s Transitions and Tensions
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Societal: Haves and Have-Nots
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Societal: Rural Agrarian Confucianism
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Societal Transition
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Over 150 million migrant workers have fled the countryside to live in factory dorms or Over 150 million migrant workers have fled the countryside to live in factory dorms or shantytowns and subsist on very basic wages and very limited access to health care. shantytowns and subsist on very basic wages and very limited access to health care.
The Chinese lack a social safety net and they feel they must sock away money for The Chinese lack a social safety net and they feel they must sock away money for retirement, college fees, and unforeseen health disasters. retirement, college fees, and unforeseen health disasters.
Over 150 million migrant workers have fled the countryside to live in factory dorms or Over 150 million migrant workers have fled the countryside to live in factory dorms or shantytowns and subsist on very basic wages and very limited access to health care. shantytowns and subsist on very basic wages and very limited access to health care.
The Chinese lack a social safety net and they feel they must sock away money for The Chinese lack a social safety net and they feel they must sock away money for retirement, college fees, and unforeseen health disasters. retirement, college fees, and unforeseen health disasters.
Following the Financial Collapse, is the current economic situation in China sufficient to quell the social unrest bubbling below the surface?
Do the millions of migrant workers still feel that their life in the cities where they work is better than it was when they lived at home on the farm?
Are those who are left at home on the farm feeling increasingly removed from the economic opportunities in urban areas?
Is Personal Freedom sufficient for most Chinese citizens or is the need for Political Freedom increasingly on the rise?
Political: How to Govern 1.4B People?
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Political: Vertical Democracy?
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Political Transition: Key Questions
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Chinese leaders don’t want a country that is so feudal that foreign powers could slice it up like ripe melon as the Western powers and Japan did in 1800-1900. They also don’t want to have a system with an untouchable dictator who can manipulate the
population into nearly destroying its social system and economy as Mao did between 1950 and 1975. They also don’t want to deal with Western democratic politics.
Chinese leaders don’t want a country that is so feudal that foreign powers could slice it up like ripe melon as the Western powers and Japan did in 1800-1900. They also don’t want to have a system with an untouchable dictator who can manipulate the
population into nearly destroying its social system and economy as Mao did between 1950 and 1975. They also don’t want to deal with Western democratic politics.
Source: American Progress Institute: China’s Forthcoming Political Transition
Xi Jinping
Hu Jintao
Political Transition: Questions to Consider
Can China continue to prosper economically without reforming its Single-Party political system?
Do the Chinese believe that there needs to be political reform? How satisfied are they with their current system of government?
How do the Chinese feel about Autocratic Capitalism or Vertical Democracy? Would they prefer a Western Democratic System?
Do the Chinese feel they have a voice in driving bottom up initiatives as it is described in Vertical Democracy?
Do the Chinese feel that their Government system is delivering the desired results? Do they feel that they have recourse if it is not?
Do the Chinese believe that their system of Government yields more optimized solutions than a Western Democracy?
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Economic: Great but Unequal Gains
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Economic: Great Gains at What Cost?
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• China has only 1/4 of the worlds water supply• Half of China’s rivers too polluted for drinking• 136 cities face severe water shortages• Amazon is being cleared by area size of Belgium
each year to supply soya to China• Country is adding enough electric capacity to power
Spain Each Year• If China were to consume the same amount of Oil as
the US we would need 3X current production levels
We are going to need 4 PLANETS to accommodate the needs of a resurgent chinaWe are going to need 4 PLANETS to accommodate the needs of a resurgent china
Economic Transition: Key Questions
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China is the fastest growing country in the world. While several hundred million China is the fastest growing country in the world. While several hundred million people have been pulled out of poverty in the past three decades, the gap between people have been pulled out of poverty in the past three decades, the gap between rich and poor is getting larger and larger. The average annual income of a Beijing rich and poor is getting larger and larger. The average annual income of a Beijing resident is $2,263 while a farmer in Qinghai earns $277 annually. Social unrest will resident is $2,263 while a farmer in Qinghai earns $277 annually. Social unrest will inevitably erupt when the boiling economic kettle settles down to a slow simmerinevitably erupt when the boiling economic kettle settles down to a slow simmer
China is the fastest growing country in the world. While several hundred million China is the fastest growing country in the world. While several hundred million people have been pulled out of poverty in the past three decades, the gap between people have been pulled out of poverty in the past three decades, the gap between rich and poor is getting larger and larger. The average annual income of a Beijing rich and poor is getting larger and larger. The average annual income of a Beijing resident is $2,263 while a farmer in Qinghai earns $277 annually. Social unrest will resident is $2,263 while a farmer in Qinghai earns $277 annually. Social unrest will inevitably erupt when the boiling economic kettle settles down to a slow simmerinevitably erupt when the boiling economic kettle settles down to a slow simmer
Will social unrest explode as a result of the increasing disparity between rich and poor?
Do the Chinese believe that the 30 year trend of 10% growth per year is economically and environmentally sustainable?
Do the Chinese believe that the Government should be taking a more balanced approach in driving economic growth while moderating environmental degradation?
Are the Chinese concerned about their ability to continue to access natural resources to fuel their growth? How might their “No Strings Attached” policies in dealing with trading partners create negative unanticipated outcomes for the country?
Tensions Rising?
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China’s Premier Wen Jiabao has delivered a strong warning about the “urgent” need China’s Premier Wen Jiabao has delivered a strong warning about the “urgent” need for reforms, without which, tragedies like the Cultural Revolution could still happenfor reforms, without which, tragedies like the Cultural Revolution could still happen
China’s Premier Wen Jiabao has delivered a strong warning about the “urgent” need China’s Premier Wen Jiabao has delivered a strong warning about the “urgent” need for reforms, without which, tragedies like the Cultural Revolution could still happenfor reforms, without which, tragedies like the Cultural Revolution could still happen
Processing the Region: Relational Models
1. Select at Transition/Tension (S/P/E) to discuss
2. Based on the RM profile, identify the TWO DOMAINS within the RM profile that best articulate the root-causes of the tension.
• Form a team of 3-4• Complete the activity below
5m
Societal Transition: RMs and Domains
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Communal Sharing Market Pricing
Social Identity and Relational SelfIdentity derived from closest and
most enduring personal relationships
Self defined in terms of occupation or economic role: how
one earns a living. Moral Judgment and Ideology
Caring, kindness, altruism, selfless generosity. Protecting intimate personal relationships.
Abstract, universal rational principles based on the utilitarian
criterion.
Political Transition: RMs and Domains
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Authority Ranking Equality Matching
Decision Making By authoritative fiat or decree.
Will of the leader is transmitted to chain of command. Subordinates
obey orders.
One Person, One Vote Election. Everyone has equal say. Rotating
offices.
Political Transition: RMs and Domains
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Authority Ranking Market Pricing
Distributive JusticeThe higher a person’s rank the more he or she gets, and the more choice he or she has.
Subordinates receive less and get inferior items, often what is
left over.
To each in due proportion. Each person is allotted a quota
proportionate with some standard (e.g. Stock Dividends, Royalties, Benefits, Unemployment Comp.)
Economic Transition: RMs and Domains
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Authority Ranking Market Pricing
WorkSuperiors direct and control the
work of subordinates and control product of subordinates labor
Work for wage calculated as a rate per unit of time or output
Reciprocal ExchangeSuperiors appropriate or preempt what they wish, or receive tribute
from inferiors in turn for protection.
Pay for commodities in return for what is received as a function of
market prices or utilities
China: RM Domain Map
Domain CS AR MPConstitution of Groups One for all, all for one Followers of
Charismatic leaderCorporations and Labor Unions
Social Identity/Self Close and enduring personal relationships
Self as revered leader or loyal follower
Self defined in terms of occupation/role
Social Influence Conformity and Unanimity
Obedience to Authority Cost and Benefit Analysis/Incentives
Decision Making Consensus Authoritative Fiat Market Decides
Distributive Justice Resources as “Commons”
The higher the rank the more you get
To each in due proportion
Reciprocal Exchange Give what you can take what you need
Superiors appropriate or preempt what they want/Protection
Pay in proportion to what is received
Work Everyone pitches in without keeping track
Superiors direct and control work
Work for a wage (rate per unit output)
Motivation Intimacy motivation Power motivation Achievement Motivation
Cultural Dimension Analysis
Do the Cultural Dimensions provide any insights around the transitions that China is Do the Cultural Dimensions provide any insights around the transitions that China is undergoing today and the tensions that these transitions are creating from a societal, undergoing today and the tensions that these transitions are creating from a societal,
political and economic perspective?political and economic perspective?
Do the Cultural Dimensions provide any insights around the transitions that China is Do the Cultural Dimensions provide any insights around the transitions that China is undergoing today and the tensions that these transitions are creating from a societal, undergoing today and the tensions that these transitions are creating from a societal,
political and economic perspective?political and economic perspective?
Processing the Region: Cultural Dimensions
1. Select at Transition (S/P/E) to discuss
2. Based on the Transition(s)/Tension(s) you explored, identify the TWO Cultural Dimensions that best articulate the root-cause(s) of the tension.
• Form a team of 3-4• Complete the activity below
5m
Societal Transition: CDs
40
Cultural Dimension
In Group Collectivism (5.86)
Power Distance (5.02)
Uncertainty Avoidance (4.81)
Institutional Collectivism (4.67)
Performance Orientation (4.37)
Humane Orientation (4.29)
Assertiveness (3.77)
Future Orientation (3.68)
Gender Egalitarianism (3.03)
Political Transition: CDs
41
Cultural Dimension
In Group Collectivism (5.86)
Power Distance (5.02)
Uncertainty Avoidance (4.81)
Institutional Collectivism (4.67)
Performance Orientation (4.37)
Humane Orientation (4.29)
Assertiveness (3.77)
Future Orientation (3.68)
Gender Egalitarianism (3.03)
Economic Transitions: CDs
42
Cultural Dimension
In Group Collectivism (5.86)
Power Distance (5.02)
Uncertainty Avoidance (4.81)
Institutional Collectivism (4.67)
Performance Orientation (4.37)
Humane Orientation (4.29)
Assertiveness (3.77)
Future Orientation (3.68)
Gender Egalitarianism (3.03)
Activity: Preparing for Gate
43
• Form teams of 3-4 (GATE Locations)• Identify CDs that have high variability• What can you do to prepare for this?
10m
Source: Globe Study of 62 Societies
Examining GATE Experience
IndividualPredispositions
RelationalInteractions
CulturalDimensions
44
ICE
RM CD
GATE
GATE Assignment
45
Prepare and submit a 600 word paper that answers the following questions:
Describe a cultural encounter you experienced during the GATE trip that you perceived to be particularly unique or significant.
Describe why people from this region might view what you perceived to be unique or significant as regular or normal in their culture
Use your ICE Profile, the Relational Model Framework and the Cultural Dimensions to explain the difference between your perception and the regional reality.
GATE Course Commons
46
https://cebeapps.fuqua.duke.edu/coursecommons/index.jsp?topic=1300
https://cebeapps.fuqua.duke.edu/coursecommons/index.jsp?topic=1303
https://cebeapps.fuqua.duke.edu/coursecommons/index.jsp?topic=1304
China:
South Africa:
SE Asia:
GATE Journal Reviews (3)
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Additional Reading
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The Rise and Fall of Civilizations: https://cclblog2012.fuqua.duke.edu/blog/2011/06/27/the-rise-and-fall-of-civilizations/
Defining and Categorizing Culture:https://cclblog2012.fuqua.duke.edu/blog/2010/07/15/defining-and-categorizing-culture/
Social Relational Models:https://cclblog2012.fuqua.duke.edu/blog/2010/07/15/civilizations-and-relational-models-theory/
The Globe Project and Cultural Dimensions:https://cclblog2012.fuqua.duke.edu/blog/2010/07/15/the-globe-project-cultural-dimensions/
China: Facts, History, Societal, Political and Economic Transitions:https://cclblog2012.fuqua.duke.edu/china/
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