CHINA AND IMPERIALISM

On a piece of paper:What do you think is the cartoonist’s message? Do you think he is pro or anti imperialism? Explain.

Differences from Africa

European countries did not create formal colonies in China

However, they exerted economic and military influence over the country.

Opium War

Great Britain wanted to end the unfavorable trade with China English buying more from China than China

buying from England Wanted to find something to sell to the

Chinese The solution: OPIUM! An addictive drug

Opium War

Chinese tried to end the opium trade Protested to trading co. &to government=

no results Arrested opium traders Destroyed chests of opium

British viewed this as a violation of free trade & attack on property rights

Sent fleet of ships to invade Chinese couldn’t defend themselves against

more advanced weapons

Treaty of Nanjing, 1842

Chinese forced to sign this “unequal treaty” after the Opium War Benefited Europeans at the expense of the

Chinese Required China to:

Open 5 more ports to trade Give England control of Hong Kong Grant Europeans extraterritorial rights Pay England money for starting the war

Taiping Rebellion

Taiping rebels were upset at government for allowing too much foreign influence

Wanted to enact reforms Abolish private property End practice of foot binding Create democratic institutions Allow free public education

Taiping Rebellion

Chinese government asked Western nations to come help put down rebellion Took them 14 years to end the rebellion

Rebellion led to: Massive starvation Disease 20-30 million deaths

What does the cartoon tell you about the United States’ reaction to the Europeans in China?

Open Door Policy

By 1899, US had become a world power The US did a lot of business with China

Didn’t want Europe to divide China up like they had with Africa

Sec. of State John Hay proposed the “Open Door Policy” All nations have equal trading rights with

China

Boxer Rebellion

Nationalist group called the “Righteous and Harmonious Fists” formed to drive out “foreign devils” Thought foreigners had humiliated their

country Westerners called them Boxers

Due to the exercises they did that they thought would make them immune to bullets

Boxer Rebellion

Boxers killed Chinese who supported Western ideas & attacked foreign embassies

An international force invaded China to end the rebellion

Results: China had to pay countries money China had to give countries privileges Weakened China

Becoming a Republic

Qing Dynasty began enacting reforms Most Chinese = “too little, too late”

People wanted: China to industrialize & a more responsive

government Rebellion broke out

Becoming a Republic

Forced the emperor to resign Declared China a republic based on

“Three Principles of the People” Free China from foreign control Establish a democracy Improve economy with socialism

Cartoon Title: “The Devilfish in Egyptian Waters”

Explain the cartoonist’s message. Do you think he was pro or anti imperialism? Why did England want to control Egypt?