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Childrenrsquos Environmental Health Assessment in DuPage County
Linda Hansen MD MPH
Background
Behavior
Biology
Children are different
(EPA 2013)
Environmental Injustice
(Mohai and Saha 2015)
Sterigenics WillowbrookEthylene Oxide (EtO)
2014 National Air Toxics Assessment ndash Elevated cancer risk2016 EPA Integrated Risk Information System ndash EtO carcinogenic2018 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry - elevated cancer risks from airborne EtO
(County of DuPage nd)
Rationale for project EtO emissions and increased cancer risk
concerning Identify locations of other environmental
pollutants in DuPage County Identify vulnerable childhood populations
related to raceethnicity and income
Incidence rate all cancers lt 20 yo in Illinois 002 (Siegel et al 2018)
AsthmaUS prevalence 84Black non-Hispanics 126Puerto Ricans 113
28million die each year(114mil non-Hispanic Blacks)(CDC 2018a)
Preterm birth (lt37 weeks)US prevalence 99Black non-Hispanics 136Hispanics 95
Increased mortalityDevelopmental problemsFinancial and psychosocial effects(CDC 2018b CDC 2018c)
DuPage County prevalenceAsthma 106-142 in 2007-2009(IL Dept of Public Health 2013)
Preterm birth 94 in 201788 in 2015(Impact DuPage)
Environmental pollutants associated with childhood health outcomes
Asthmabull Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)bull Ozonebull Acroleinbull Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)bull Lead nickel chromiumbull Dust mitesbull Cockroaches
Preterm birthbull DDTbull Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyls (PFASs)bull PM25bull Sulfur dioxide (SO2)bull PAHsbull Leadbull Phthalates
Mechanisms Eosinophil production IgE antibody Inflammatory mediators Unknown (insect allergens)
Unknown
(Dietert amp Piepenbrink 2006 EPA 2013 Ferguson McElrath amp Meeker 2014 Ferguson OrsquoNeill amp Meeker 2014 Karimi Peters Bidad amp Strickland 2015)
Children living le 500 meters from airport44 higher blood lead levels
(Miranda Anthopolos amp Hastings 2011)
gt50 DuPage homes built before 1978
(American Fact Finder)
(Note Figure adapted from Achakulwisut et al 2019)
Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways
HypothesisIn DuPage County children of low income minority populations more frequently live and attend school in close proximity to airports expressways and hazardous material incidents that release environmental pollutants associated with asthma and preterm birth
Methodsbull Literature review (childhood health indicators contaminants environmental justice)bull Secondary data review (health outcomes pollutants and demographics)bull Key informant interviews
o EPA officials (local state and regional)o University of Illinois professor with childhood asthma expertiseo Lieutenant from the Addison Fire Protection Districto Assistant Director of Family Health and nurse from DuPage County Great
StartBetter Birth Outcomesbull Stakeholder input
o Director of Community Health Resources for DuPage County Health Depto Medical Officer and epidemiology staff for DuPage County Health Depto Community advocacy group meetings
bull Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Airportsbull Border of airport determined qualitativelybull Schools within 3 mile radius of border identifiedbull Reviewed emissions dataExpresswaysbull Examined school locations near expresswaysbull Reviewed emissions dataHazardous material incidentsbull gt 3500 reports - heat map createdbull 5 cities with highest counts identifiedbull Qualitative determination of location of most of
the heat signalbull Reviewed hazardous material incident information
Chicago OrsquoHare
ResultsAirports
Chicago OrsquoHare Intl
DuPage Airport
N
Naper Aero Club
N
Bensenville SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Fenton HS (3773) (41335)
WA Johnson (1953) (39515)
Blackhawk Middle School (3552) (41114)
St Alexis (3365) (40927)
Tioga (1965) (39527)
Holy Family Catholic 8001 (31561)
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Bensenville 666 363 4846 5154 86273
Chicago OrsquoHare
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Bensenville
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Elmhurst 8698 239 759 9242 151424
Race Ethnicity
Elmhurst School White BlackAA Hispanic
non-Hispanic
Average householdincome differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Churchville 7203 319 3714 6286 (56679) (29090)
Conrad Fischer 7255 322 3641 6359 (56117) (28528)
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Elmhurst
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835West
Chicago 6878 268 4555 5445 111736
Wayne 8257 112 448 9552 202783
DuPage Airport
West Chicago School
Average household income differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wegner (3693) (15792)Early Learning Center (12269) (24368)
Pioneer (13083) (25182)Norton Creek Elementary 34584 22485
Wayne SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wayne Elementary (53753) 25195Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport 2014
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
Intl Acrolein 1438062
Benzene 1098638
Black Carbon 10459000
Carbon Monoxide 478071000
Formaldehyde 7327831
Lead 029000
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000
PM25 13588000
PM10 14104000
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000Volatile Organic Compounds 75056000
Dupage County Acrolein 011148
Benzene 016926
Carbon Monoxide 20248000
Formaldehyde 061575
Lead 018000Volatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airportrelated to health indicators
Note Data from NEI 20141 ton = 2000 lbs
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons) AsthmaPreterm
Birth
Chicago O Hare Intl Acrolein 1438062 X
Lead 029000 X X
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000 X
PM25 13588000 X
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000 X
Dupage County Acrolein 011148 X
Lead 018000 X X
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
IntlVolatile Organic Compounds 75056000
DuPage AirportVolatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
ResultsAirportsKey findingsbull Higher percentage of minority populations in communities around OrsquoHare and
DuPage Airportbull Average household income is generally lower than respective cities and the county
at these 2 airports bull Emissions from OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport include pollutants associated with
development of asthma and preterm birth (emissions Naper Aero Club not known)
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Background
Behavior
Biology
Children are different
(EPA 2013)
Environmental Injustice
(Mohai and Saha 2015)
Sterigenics WillowbrookEthylene Oxide (EtO)
2014 National Air Toxics Assessment ndash Elevated cancer risk2016 EPA Integrated Risk Information System ndash EtO carcinogenic2018 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry - elevated cancer risks from airborne EtO
(County of DuPage nd)
Rationale for project EtO emissions and increased cancer risk
concerning Identify locations of other environmental
pollutants in DuPage County Identify vulnerable childhood populations
related to raceethnicity and income
Incidence rate all cancers lt 20 yo in Illinois 002 (Siegel et al 2018)
AsthmaUS prevalence 84Black non-Hispanics 126Puerto Ricans 113
28million die each year(114mil non-Hispanic Blacks)(CDC 2018a)
Preterm birth (lt37 weeks)US prevalence 99Black non-Hispanics 136Hispanics 95
Increased mortalityDevelopmental problemsFinancial and psychosocial effects(CDC 2018b CDC 2018c)
DuPage County prevalenceAsthma 106-142 in 2007-2009(IL Dept of Public Health 2013)
Preterm birth 94 in 201788 in 2015(Impact DuPage)
Environmental pollutants associated with childhood health outcomes
Asthmabull Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)bull Ozonebull Acroleinbull Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)bull Lead nickel chromiumbull Dust mitesbull Cockroaches
Preterm birthbull DDTbull Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyls (PFASs)bull PM25bull Sulfur dioxide (SO2)bull PAHsbull Leadbull Phthalates
Mechanisms Eosinophil production IgE antibody Inflammatory mediators Unknown (insect allergens)
Unknown
(Dietert amp Piepenbrink 2006 EPA 2013 Ferguson McElrath amp Meeker 2014 Ferguson OrsquoNeill amp Meeker 2014 Karimi Peters Bidad amp Strickland 2015)
Children living le 500 meters from airport44 higher blood lead levels
(Miranda Anthopolos amp Hastings 2011)
gt50 DuPage homes built before 1978
(American Fact Finder)
(Note Figure adapted from Achakulwisut et al 2019)
Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways
HypothesisIn DuPage County children of low income minority populations more frequently live and attend school in close proximity to airports expressways and hazardous material incidents that release environmental pollutants associated with asthma and preterm birth
Methodsbull Literature review (childhood health indicators contaminants environmental justice)bull Secondary data review (health outcomes pollutants and demographics)bull Key informant interviews
o EPA officials (local state and regional)o University of Illinois professor with childhood asthma expertiseo Lieutenant from the Addison Fire Protection Districto Assistant Director of Family Health and nurse from DuPage County Great
StartBetter Birth Outcomesbull Stakeholder input
o Director of Community Health Resources for DuPage County Health Depto Medical Officer and epidemiology staff for DuPage County Health Depto Community advocacy group meetings
bull Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Airportsbull Border of airport determined qualitativelybull Schools within 3 mile radius of border identifiedbull Reviewed emissions dataExpresswaysbull Examined school locations near expresswaysbull Reviewed emissions dataHazardous material incidentsbull gt 3500 reports - heat map createdbull 5 cities with highest counts identifiedbull Qualitative determination of location of most of
the heat signalbull Reviewed hazardous material incident information
Chicago OrsquoHare
ResultsAirports
Chicago OrsquoHare Intl
DuPage Airport
N
Naper Aero Club
N
Bensenville SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Fenton HS (3773) (41335)
WA Johnson (1953) (39515)
Blackhawk Middle School (3552) (41114)
St Alexis (3365) (40927)
Tioga (1965) (39527)
Holy Family Catholic 8001 (31561)
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Bensenville 666 363 4846 5154 86273
Chicago OrsquoHare
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Bensenville
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Elmhurst 8698 239 759 9242 151424
Race Ethnicity
Elmhurst School White BlackAA Hispanic
non-Hispanic
Average householdincome differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Churchville 7203 319 3714 6286 (56679) (29090)
Conrad Fischer 7255 322 3641 6359 (56117) (28528)
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Elmhurst
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835West
Chicago 6878 268 4555 5445 111736
Wayne 8257 112 448 9552 202783
DuPage Airport
West Chicago School
Average household income differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wegner (3693) (15792)Early Learning Center (12269) (24368)
Pioneer (13083) (25182)Norton Creek Elementary 34584 22485
Wayne SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wayne Elementary (53753) 25195Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport 2014
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
Intl Acrolein 1438062
Benzene 1098638
Black Carbon 10459000
Carbon Monoxide 478071000
Formaldehyde 7327831
Lead 029000
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000
PM25 13588000
PM10 14104000
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000Volatile Organic Compounds 75056000
Dupage County Acrolein 011148
Benzene 016926
Carbon Monoxide 20248000
Formaldehyde 061575
Lead 018000Volatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airportrelated to health indicators
Note Data from NEI 20141 ton = 2000 lbs
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons) AsthmaPreterm
Birth
Chicago O Hare Intl Acrolein 1438062 X
Lead 029000 X X
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000 X
PM25 13588000 X
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000 X
Dupage County Acrolein 011148 X
Lead 018000 X X
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
IntlVolatile Organic Compounds 75056000
DuPage AirportVolatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
ResultsAirportsKey findingsbull Higher percentage of minority populations in communities around OrsquoHare and
DuPage Airportbull Average household income is generally lower than respective cities and the county
at these 2 airports bull Emissions from OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport include pollutants associated with
development of asthma and preterm birth (emissions Naper Aero Club not known)
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Environmental Injustice
(Mohai and Saha 2015)
Sterigenics WillowbrookEthylene Oxide (EtO)
2014 National Air Toxics Assessment ndash Elevated cancer risk2016 EPA Integrated Risk Information System ndash EtO carcinogenic2018 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry - elevated cancer risks from airborne EtO
(County of DuPage nd)
Rationale for project EtO emissions and increased cancer risk
concerning Identify locations of other environmental
pollutants in DuPage County Identify vulnerable childhood populations
related to raceethnicity and income
Incidence rate all cancers lt 20 yo in Illinois 002 (Siegel et al 2018)
AsthmaUS prevalence 84Black non-Hispanics 126Puerto Ricans 113
28million die each year(114mil non-Hispanic Blacks)(CDC 2018a)
Preterm birth (lt37 weeks)US prevalence 99Black non-Hispanics 136Hispanics 95
Increased mortalityDevelopmental problemsFinancial and psychosocial effects(CDC 2018b CDC 2018c)
DuPage County prevalenceAsthma 106-142 in 2007-2009(IL Dept of Public Health 2013)
Preterm birth 94 in 201788 in 2015(Impact DuPage)
Environmental pollutants associated with childhood health outcomes
Asthmabull Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)bull Ozonebull Acroleinbull Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)bull Lead nickel chromiumbull Dust mitesbull Cockroaches
Preterm birthbull DDTbull Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyls (PFASs)bull PM25bull Sulfur dioxide (SO2)bull PAHsbull Leadbull Phthalates
Mechanisms Eosinophil production IgE antibody Inflammatory mediators Unknown (insect allergens)
Unknown
(Dietert amp Piepenbrink 2006 EPA 2013 Ferguson McElrath amp Meeker 2014 Ferguson OrsquoNeill amp Meeker 2014 Karimi Peters Bidad amp Strickland 2015)
Children living le 500 meters from airport44 higher blood lead levels
(Miranda Anthopolos amp Hastings 2011)
gt50 DuPage homes built before 1978
(American Fact Finder)
(Note Figure adapted from Achakulwisut et al 2019)
Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways
HypothesisIn DuPage County children of low income minority populations more frequently live and attend school in close proximity to airports expressways and hazardous material incidents that release environmental pollutants associated with asthma and preterm birth
Methodsbull Literature review (childhood health indicators contaminants environmental justice)bull Secondary data review (health outcomes pollutants and demographics)bull Key informant interviews
o EPA officials (local state and regional)o University of Illinois professor with childhood asthma expertiseo Lieutenant from the Addison Fire Protection Districto Assistant Director of Family Health and nurse from DuPage County Great
StartBetter Birth Outcomesbull Stakeholder input
o Director of Community Health Resources for DuPage County Health Depto Medical Officer and epidemiology staff for DuPage County Health Depto Community advocacy group meetings
bull Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Airportsbull Border of airport determined qualitativelybull Schools within 3 mile radius of border identifiedbull Reviewed emissions dataExpresswaysbull Examined school locations near expresswaysbull Reviewed emissions dataHazardous material incidentsbull gt 3500 reports - heat map createdbull 5 cities with highest counts identifiedbull Qualitative determination of location of most of
the heat signalbull Reviewed hazardous material incident information
Chicago OrsquoHare
ResultsAirports
Chicago OrsquoHare Intl
DuPage Airport
N
Naper Aero Club
N
Bensenville SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Fenton HS (3773) (41335)
WA Johnson (1953) (39515)
Blackhawk Middle School (3552) (41114)
St Alexis (3365) (40927)
Tioga (1965) (39527)
Holy Family Catholic 8001 (31561)
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Bensenville 666 363 4846 5154 86273
Chicago OrsquoHare
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Bensenville
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Elmhurst 8698 239 759 9242 151424
Race Ethnicity
Elmhurst School White BlackAA Hispanic
non-Hispanic
Average householdincome differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Churchville 7203 319 3714 6286 (56679) (29090)
Conrad Fischer 7255 322 3641 6359 (56117) (28528)
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Elmhurst
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835West
Chicago 6878 268 4555 5445 111736
Wayne 8257 112 448 9552 202783
DuPage Airport
West Chicago School
Average household income differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wegner (3693) (15792)Early Learning Center (12269) (24368)
Pioneer (13083) (25182)Norton Creek Elementary 34584 22485
Wayne SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wayne Elementary (53753) 25195Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport 2014
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
Intl Acrolein 1438062
Benzene 1098638
Black Carbon 10459000
Carbon Monoxide 478071000
Formaldehyde 7327831
Lead 029000
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000
PM25 13588000
PM10 14104000
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000Volatile Organic Compounds 75056000
Dupage County Acrolein 011148
Benzene 016926
Carbon Monoxide 20248000
Formaldehyde 061575
Lead 018000Volatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airportrelated to health indicators
Note Data from NEI 20141 ton = 2000 lbs
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons) AsthmaPreterm
Birth
Chicago O Hare Intl Acrolein 1438062 X
Lead 029000 X X
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000 X
PM25 13588000 X
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000 X
Dupage County Acrolein 011148 X
Lead 018000 X X
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
IntlVolatile Organic Compounds 75056000
DuPage AirportVolatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
ResultsAirportsKey findingsbull Higher percentage of minority populations in communities around OrsquoHare and
DuPage Airportbull Average household income is generally lower than respective cities and the county
at these 2 airports bull Emissions from OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport include pollutants associated with
development of asthma and preterm birth (emissions Naper Aero Club not known)
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Sterigenics WillowbrookEthylene Oxide (EtO)
2014 National Air Toxics Assessment ndash Elevated cancer risk2016 EPA Integrated Risk Information System ndash EtO carcinogenic2018 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry - elevated cancer risks from airborne EtO
(County of DuPage nd)
Rationale for project EtO emissions and increased cancer risk
concerning Identify locations of other environmental
pollutants in DuPage County Identify vulnerable childhood populations
related to raceethnicity and income
Incidence rate all cancers lt 20 yo in Illinois 002 (Siegel et al 2018)
AsthmaUS prevalence 84Black non-Hispanics 126Puerto Ricans 113
28million die each year(114mil non-Hispanic Blacks)(CDC 2018a)
Preterm birth (lt37 weeks)US prevalence 99Black non-Hispanics 136Hispanics 95
Increased mortalityDevelopmental problemsFinancial and psychosocial effects(CDC 2018b CDC 2018c)
DuPage County prevalenceAsthma 106-142 in 2007-2009(IL Dept of Public Health 2013)
Preterm birth 94 in 201788 in 2015(Impact DuPage)
Environmental pollutants associated with childhood health outcomes
Asthmabull Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)bull Ozonebull Acroleinbull Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)bull Lead nickel chromiumbull Dust mitesbull Cockroaches
Preterm birthbull DDTbull Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyls (PFASs)bull PM25bull Sulfur dioxide (SO2)bull PAHsbull Leadbull Phthalates
Mechanisms Eosinophil production IgE antibody Inflammatory mediators Unknown (insect allergens)
Unknown
(Dietert amp Piepenbrink 2006 EPA 2013 Ferguson McElrath amp Meeker 2014 Ferguson OrsquoNeill amp Meeker 2014 Karimi Peters Bidad amp Strickland 2015)
Children living le 500 meters from airport44 higher blood lead levels
(Miranda Anthopolos amp Hastings 2011)
gt50 DuPage homes built before 1978
(American Fact Finder)
(Note Figure adapted from Achakulwisut et al 2019)
Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways
HypothesisIn DuPage County children of low income minority populations more frequently live and attend school in close proximity to airports expressways and hazardous material incidents that release environmental pollutants associated with asthma and preterm birth
Methodsbull Literature review (childhood health indicators contaminants environmental justice)bull Secondary data review (health outcomes pollutants and demographics)bull Key informant interviews
o EPA officials (local state and regional)o University of Illinois professor with childhood asthma expertiseo Lieutenant from the Addison Fire Protection Districto Assistant Director of Family Health and nurse from DuPage County Great
StartBetter Birth Outcomesbull Stakeholder input
o Director of Community Health Resources for DuPage County Health Depto Medical Officer and epidemiology staff for DuPage County Health Depto Community advocacy group meetings
bull Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Airportsbull Border of airport determined qualitativelybull Schools within 3 mile radius of border identifiedbull Reviewed emissions dataExpresswaysbull Examined school locations near expresswaysbull Reviewed emissions dataHazardous material incidentsbull gt 3500 reports - heat map createdbull 5 cities with highest counts identifiedbull Qualitative determination of location of most of
the heat signalbull Reviewed hazardous material incident information
Chicago OrsquoHare
ResultsAirports
Chicago OrsquoHare Intl
DuPage Airport
N
Naper Aero Club
N
Bensenville SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Fenton HS (3773) (41335)
WA Johnson (1953) (39515)
Blackhawk Middle School (3552) (41114)
St Alexis (3365) (40927)
Tioga (1965) (39527)
Holy Family Catholic 8001 (31561)
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Bensenville 666 363 4846 5154 86273
Chicago OrsquoHare
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Bensenville
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Elmhurst 8698 239 759 9242 151424
Race Ethnicity
Elmhurst School White BlackAA Hispanic
non-Hispanic
Average householdincome differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Churchville 7203 319 3714 6286 (56679) (29090)
Conrad Fischer 7255 322 3641 6359 (56117) (28528)
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Elmhurst
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835West
Chicago 6878 268 4555 5445 111736
Wayne 8257 112 448 9552 202783
DuPage Airport
West Chicago School
Average household income differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wegner (3693) (15792)Early Learning Center (12269) (24368)
Pioneer (13083) (25182)Norton Creek Elementary 34584 22485
Wayne SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wayne Elementary (53753) 25195Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport 2014
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
Intl Acrolein 1438062
Benzene 1098638
Black Carbon 10459000
Carbon Monoxide 478071000
Formaldehyde 7327831
Lead 029000
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000
PM25 13588000
PM10 14104000
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000Volatile Organic Compounds 75056000
Dupage County Acrolein 011148
Benzene 016926
Carbon Monoxide 20248000
Formaldehyde 061575
Lead 018000Volatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airportrelated to health indicators
Note Data from NEI 20141 ton = 2000 lbs
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons) AsthmaPreterm
Birth
Chicago O Hare Intl Acrolein 1438062 X
Lead 029000 X X
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000 X
PM25 13588000 X
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000 X
Dupage County Acrolein 011148 X
Lead 018000 X X
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
IntlVolatile Organic Compounds 75056000
DuPage AirportVolatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
ResultsAirportsKey findingsbull Higher percentage of minority populations in communities around OrsquoHare and
DuPage Airportbull Average household income is generally lower than respective cities and the county
at these 2 airports bull Emissions from OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport include pollutants associated with
development of asthma and preterm birth (emissions Naper Aero Club not known)
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Rationale for project EtO emissions and increased cancer risk
concerning Identify locations of other environmental
pollutants in DuPage County Identify vulnerable childhood populations
related to raceethnicity and income
Incidence rate all cancers lt 20 yo in Illinois 002 (Siegel et al 2018)
AsthmaUS prevalence 84Black non-Hispanics 126Puerto Ricans 113
28million die each year(114mil non-Hispanic Blacks)(CDC 2018a)
Preterm birth (lt37 weeks)US prevalence 99Black non-Hispanics 136Hispanics 95
Increased mortalityDevelopmental problemsFinancial and psychosocial effects(CDC 2018b CDC 2018c)
DuPage County prevalenceAsthma 106-142 in 2007-2009(IL Dept of Public Health 2013)
Preterm birth 94 in 201788 in 2015(Impact DuPage)
Environmental pollutants associated with childhood health outcomes
Asthmabull Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)bull Ozonebull Acroleinbull Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)bull Lead nickel chromiumbull Dust mitesbull Cockroaches
Preterm birthbull DDTbull Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyls (PFASs)bull PM25bull Sulfur dioxide (SO2)bull PAHsbull Leadbull Phthalates
Mechanisms Eosinophil production IgE antibody Inflammatory mediators Unknown (insect allergens)
Unknown
(Dietert amp Piepenbrink 2006 EPA 2013 Ferguson McElrath amp Meeker 2014 Ferguson OrsquoNeill amp Meeker 2014 Karimi Peters Bidad amp Strickland 2015)
Children living le 500 meters from airport44 higher blood lead levels
(Miranda Anthopolos amp Hastings 2011)
gt50 DuPage homes built before 1978
(American Fact Finder)
(Note Figure adapted from Achakulwisut et al 2019)
Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways
HypothesisIn DuPage County children of low income minority populations more frequently live and attend school in close proximity to airports expressways and hazardous material incidents that release environmental pollutants associated with asthma and preterm birth
Methodsbull Literature review (childhood health indicators contaminants environmental justice)bull Secondary data review (health outcomes pollutants and demographics)bull Key informant interviews
o EPA officials (local state and regional)o University of Illinois professor with childhood asthma expertiseo Lieutenant from the Addison Fire Protection Districto Assistant Director of Family Health and nurse from DuPage County Great
StartBetter Birth Outcomesbull Stakeholder input
o Director of Community Health Resources for DuPage County Health Depto Medical Officer and epidemiology staff for DuPage County Health Depto Community advocacy group meetings
bull Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Airportsbull Border of airport determined qualitativelybull Schools within 3 mile radius of border identifiedbull Reviewed emissions dataExpresswaysbull Examined school locations near expresswaysbull Reviewed emissions dataHazardous material incidentsbull gt 3500 reports - heat map createdbull 5 cities with highest counts identifiedbull Qualitative determination of location of most of
the heat signalbull Reviewed hazardous material incident information
Chicago OrsquoHare
ResultsAirports
Chicago OrsquoHare Intl
DuPage Airport
N
Naper Aero Club
N
Bensenville SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Fenton HS (3773) (41335)
WA Johnson (1953) (39515)
Blackhawk Middle School (3552) (41114)
St Alexis (3365) (40927)
Tioga (1965) (39527)
Holy Family Catholic 8001 (31561)
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Bensenville 666 363 4846 5154 86273
Chicago OrsquoHare
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Bensenville
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Elmhurst 8698 239 759 9242 151424
Race Ethnicity
Elmhurst School White BlackAA Hispanic
non-Hispanic
Average householdincome differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Churchville 7203 319 3714 6286 (56679) (29090)
Conrad Fischer 7255 322 3641 6359 (56117) (28528)
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Elmhurst
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835West
Chicago 6878 268 4555 5445 111736
Wayne 8257 112 448 9552 202783
DuPage Airport
West Chicago School
Average household income differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wegner (3693) (15792)Early Learning Center (12269) (24368)
Pioneer (13083) (25182)Norton Creek Elementary 34584 22485
Wayne SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wayne Elementary (53753) 25195Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport 2014
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
Intl Acrolein 1438062
Benzene 1098638
Black Carbon 10459000
Carbon Monoxide 478071000
Formaldehyde 7327831
Lead 029000
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000
PM25 13588000
PM10 14104000
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000Volatile Organic Compounds 75056000
Dupage County Acrolein 011148
Benzene 016926
Carbon Monoxide 20248000
Formaldehyde 061575
Lead 018000Volatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airportrelated to health indicators
Note Data from NEI 20141 ton = 2000 lbs
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons) AsthmaPreterm
Birth
Chicago O Hare Intl Acrolein 1438062 X
Lead 029000 X X
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000 X
PM25 13588000 X
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000 X
Dupage County Acrolein 011148 X
Lead 018000 X X
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
IntlVolatile Organic Compounds 75056000
DuPage AirportVolatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
ResultsAirportsKey findingsbull Higher percentage of minority populations in communities around OrsquoHare and
DuPage Airportbull Average household income is generally lower than respective cities and the county
at these 2 airports bull Emissions from OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport include pollutants associated with
development of asthma and preterm birth (emissions Naper Aero Club not known)
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Incidence rate all cancers lt 20 yo in Illinois 002 (Siegel et al 2018)
AsthmaUS prevalence 84Black non-Hispanics 126Puerto Ricans 113
28million die each year(114mil non-Hispanic Blacks)(CDC 2018a)
Preterm birth (lt37 weeks)US prevalence 99Black non-Hispanics 136Hispanics 95
Increased mortalityDevelopmental problemsFinancial and psychosocial effects(CDC 2018b CDC 2018c)
DuPage County prevalenceAsthma 106-142 in 2007-2009(IL Dept of Public Health 2013)
Preterm birth 94 in 201788 in 2015(Impact DuPage)
Environmental pollutants associated with childhood health outcomes
Asthmabull Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)bull Ozonebull Acroleinbull Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)bull Lead nickel chromiumbull Dust mitesbull Cockroaches
Preterm birthbull DDTbull Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyls (PFASs)bull PM25bull Sulfur dioxide (SO2)bull PAHsbull Leadbull Phthalates
Mechanisms Eosinophil production IgE antibody Inflammatory mediators Unknown (insect allergens)
Unknown
(Dietert amp Piepenbrink 2006 EPA 2013 Ferguson McElrath amp Meeker 2014 Ferguson OrsquoNeill amp Meeker 2014 Karimi Peters Bidad amp Strickland 2015)
Children living le 500 meters from airport44 higher blood lead levels
(Miranda Anthopolos amp Hastings 2011)
gt50 DuPage homes built before 1978
(American Fact Finder)
(Note Figure adapted from Achakulwisut et al 2019)
Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways
HypothesisIn DuPage County children of low income minority populations more frequently live and attend school in close proximity to airports expressways and hazardous material incidents that release environmental pollutants associated with asthma and preterm birth
Methodsbull Literature review (childhood health indicators contaminants environmental justice)bull Secondary data review (health outcomes pollutants and demographics)bull Key informant interviews
o EPA officials (local state and regional)o University of Illinois professor with childhood asthma expertiseo Lieutenant from the Addison Fire Protection Districto Assistant Director of Family Health and nurse from DuPage County Great
StartBetter Birth Outcomesbull Stakeholder input
o Director of Community Health Resources for DuPage County Health Depto Medical Officer and epidemiology staff for DuPage County Health Depto Community advocacy group meetings
bull Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Airportsbull Border of airport determined qualitativelybull Schools within 3 mile radius of border identifiedbull Reviewed emissions dataExpresswaysbull Examined school locations near expresswaysbull Reviewed emissions dataHazardous material incidentsbull gt 3500 reports - heat map createdbull 5 cities with highest counts identifiedbull Qualitative determination of location of most of
the heat signalbull Reviewed hazardous material incident information
Chicago OrsquoHare
ResultsAirports
Chicago OrsquoHare Intl
DuPage Airport
N
Naper Aero Club
N
Bensenville SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Fenton HS (3773) (41335)
WA Johnson (1953) (39515)
Blackhawk Middle School (3552) (41114)
St Alexis (3365) (40927)
Tioga (1965) (39527)
Holy Family Catholic 8001 (31561)
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Bensenville 666 363 4846 5154 86273
Chicago OrsquoHare
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Bensenville
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Elmhurst 8698 239 759 9242 151424
Race Ethnicity
Elmhurst School White BlackAA Hispanic
non-Hispanic
Average householdincome differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Churchville 7203 319 3714 6286 (56679) (29090)
Conrad Fischer 7255 322 3641 6359 (56117) (28528)
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Elmhurst
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835West
Chicago 6878 268 4555 5445 111736
Wayne 8257 112 448 9552 202783
DuPage Airport
West Chicago School
Average household income differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wegner (3693) (15792)Early Learning Center (12269) (24368)
Pioneer (13083) (25182)Norton Creek Elementary 34584 22485
Wayne SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wayne Elementary (53753) 25195Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport 2014
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
Intl Acrolein 1438062
Benzene 1098638
Black Carbon 10459000
Carbon Monoxide 478071000
Formaldehyde 7327831
Lead 029000
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000
PM25 13588000
PM10 14104000
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000Volatile Organic Compounds 75056000
Dupage County Acrolein 011148
Benzene 016926
Carbon Monoxide 20248000
Formaldehyde 061575
Lead 018000Volatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airportrelated to health indicators
Note Data from NEI 20141 ton = 2000 lbs
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons) AsthmaPreterm
Birth
Chicago O Hare Intl Acrolein 1438062 X
Lead 029000 X X
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000 X
PM25 13588000 X
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000 X
Dupage County Acrolein 011148 X
Lead 018000 X X
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
IntlVolatile Organic Compounds 75056000
DuPage AirportVolatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
ResultsAirportsKey findingsbull Higher percentage of minority populations in communities around OrsquoHare and
DuPage Airportbull Average household income is generally lower than respective cities and the county
at these 2 airports bull Emissions from OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport include pollutants associated with
development of asthma and preterm birth (emissions Naper Aero Club not known)
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Environmental pollutants associated with childhood health outcomes
Asthmabull Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)bull Ozonebull Acroleinbull Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)bull Lead nickel chromiumbull Dust mitesbull Cockroaches
Preterm birthbull DDTbull Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyls (PFASs)bull PM25bull Sulfur dioxide (SO2)bull PAHsbull Leadbull Phthalates
Mechanisms Eosinophil production IgE antibody Inflammatory mediators Unknown (insect allergens)
Unknown
(Dietert amp Piepenbrink 2006 EPA 2013 Ferguson McElrath amp Meeker 2014 Ferguson OrsquoNeill amp Meeker 2014 Karimi Peters Bidad amp Strickland 2015)
Children living le 500 meters from airport44 higher blood lead levels
(Miranda Anthopolos amp Hastings 2011)
gt50 DuPage homes built before 1978
(American Fact Finder)
(Note Figure adapted from Achakulwisut et al 2019)
Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways
HypothesisIn DuPage County children of low income minority populations more frequently live and attend school in close proximity to airports expressways and hazardous material incidents that release environmental pollutants associated with asthma and preterm birth
Methodsbull Literature review (childhood health indicators contaminants environmental justice)bull Secondary data review (health outcomes pollutants and demographics)bull Key informant interviews
o EPA officials (local state and regional)o University of Illinois professor with childhood asthma expertiseo Lieutenant from the Addison Fire Protection Districto Assistant Director of Family Health and nurse from DuPage County Great
StartBetter Birth Outcomesbull Stakeholder input
o Director of Community Health Resources for DuPage County Health Depto Medical Officer and epidemiology staff for DuPage County Health Depto Community advocacy group meetings
bull Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Airportsbull Border of airport determined qualitativelybull Schools within 3 mile radius of border identifiedbull Reviewed emissions dataExpresswaysbull Examined school locations near expresswaysbull Reviewed emissions dataHazardous material incidentsbull gt 3500 reports - heat map createdbull 5 cities with highest counts identifiedbull Qualitative determination of location of most of
the heat signalbull Reviewed hazardous material incident information
Chicago OrsquoHare
ResultsAirports
Chicago OrsquoHare Intl
DuPage Airport
N
Naper Aero Club
N
Bensenville SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Fenton HS (3773) (41335)
WA Johnson (1953) (39515)
Blackhawk Middle School (3552) (41114)
St Alexis (3365) (40927)
Tioga (1965) (39527)
Holy Family Catholic 8001 (31561)
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Bensenville 666 363 4846 5154 86273
Chicago OrsquoHare
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Bensenville
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Elmhurst 8698 239 759 9242 151424
Race Ethnicity
Elmhurst School White BlackAA Hispanic
non-Hispanic
Average householdincome differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Churchville 7203 319 3714 6286 (56679) (29090)
Conrad Fischer 7255 322 3641 6359 (56117) (28528)
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Elmhurst
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835West
Chicago 6878 268 4555 5445 111736
Wayne 8257 112 448 9552 202783
DuPage Airport
West Chicago School
Average household income differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wegner (3693) (15792)Early Learning Center (12269) (24368)
Pioneer (13083) (25182)Norton Creek Elementary 34584 22485
Wayne SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wayne Elementary (53753) 25195Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport 2014
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
Intl Acrolein 1438062
Benzene 1098638
Black Carbon 10459000
Carbon Monoxide 478071000
Formaldehyde 7327831
Lead 029000
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000
PM25 13588000
PM10 14104000
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000Volatile Organic Compounds 75056000
Dupage County Acrolein 011148
Benzene 016926
Carbon Monoxide 20248000
Formaldehyde 061575
Lead 018000Volatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airportrelated to health indicators
Note Data from NEI 20141 ton = 2000 lbs
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons) AsthmaPreterm
Birth
Chicago O Hare Intl Acrolein 1438062 X
Lead 029000 X X
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000 X
PM25 13588000 X
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000 X
Dupage County Acrolein 011148 X
Lead 018000 X X
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
IntlVolatile Organic Compounds 75056000
DuPage AirportVolatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
ResultsAirportsKey findingsbull Higher percentage of minority populations in communities around OrsquoHare and
DuPage Airportbull Average household income is generally lower than respective cities and the county
at these 2 airports bull Emissions from OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport include pollutants associated with
development of asthma and preterm birth (emissions Naper Aero Club not known)
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Children living le 500 meters from airport44 higher blood lead levels
(Miranda Anthopolos amp Hastings 2011)
gt50 DuPage homes built before 1978
(American Fact Finder)
(Note Figure adapted from Achakulwisut et al 2019)
Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways
HypothesisIn DuPage County children of low income minority populations more frequently live and attend school in close proximity to airports expressways and hazardous material incidents that release environmental pollutants associated with asthma and preterm birth
Methodsbull Literature review (childhood health indicators contaminants environmental justice)bull Secondary data review (health outcomes pollutants and demographics)bull Key informant interviews
o EPA officials (local state and regional)o University of Illinois professor with childhood asthma expertiseo Lieutenant from the Addison Fire Protection Districto Assistant Director of Family Health and nurse from DuPage County Great
StartBetter Birth Outcomesbull Stakeholder input
o Director of Community Health Resources for DuPage County Health Depto Medical Officer and epidemiology staff for DuPage County Health Depto Community advocacy group meetings
bull Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Airportsbull Border of airport determined qualitativelybull Schools within 3 mile radius of border identifiedbull Reviewed emissions dataExpresswaysbull Examined school locations near expresswaysbull Reviewed emissions dataHazardous material incidentsbull gt 3500 reports - heat map createdbull 5 cities with highest counts identifiedbull Qualitative determination of location of most of
the heat signalbull Reviewed hazardous material incident information
Chicago OrsquoHare
ResultsAirports
Chicago OrsquoHare Intl
DuPage Airport
N
Naper Aero Club
N
Bensenville SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Fenton HS (3773) (41335)
WA Johnson (1953) (39515)
Blackhawk Middle School (3552) (41114)
St Alexis (3365) (40927)
Tioga (1965) (39527)
Holy Family Catholic 8001 (31561)
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Bensenville 666 363 4846 5154 86273
Chicago OrsquoHare
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Bensenville
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Elmhurst 8698 239 759 9242 151424
Race Ethnicity
Elmhurst School White BlackAA Hispanic
non-Hispanic
Average householdincome differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Churchville 7203 319 3714 6286 (56679) (29090)
Conrad Fischer 7255 322 3641 6359 (56117) (28528)
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Elmhurst
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835West
Chicago 6878 268 4555 5445 111736
Wayne 8257 112 448 9552 202783
DuPage Airport
West Chicago School
Average household income differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wegner (3693) (15792)Early Learning Center (12269) (24368)
Pioneer (13083) (25182)Norton Creek Elementary 34584 22485
Wayne SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wayne Elementary (53753) 25195Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport 2014
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
Intl Acrolein 1438062
Benzene 1098638
Black Carbon 10459000
Carbon Monoxide 478071000
Formaldehyde 7327831
Lead 029000
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000
PM25 13588000
PM10 14104000
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000Volatile Organic Compounds 75056000
Dupage County Acrolein 011148
Benzene 016926
Carbon Monoxide 20248000
Formaldehyde 061575
Lead 018000Volatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airportrelated to health indicators
Note Data from NEI 20141 ton = 2000 lbs
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons) AsthmaPreterm
Birth
Chicago O Hare Intl Acrolein 1438062 X
Lead 029000 X X
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000 X
PM25 13588000 X
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000 X
Dupage County Acrolein 011148 X
Lead 018000 X X
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
IntlVolatile Organic Compounds 75056000
DuPage AirportVolatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
ResultsAirportsKey findingsbull Higher percentage of minority populations in communities around OrsquoHare and
DuPage Airportbull Average household income is generally lower than respective cities and the county
at these 2 airports bull Emissions from OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport include pollutants associated with
development of asthma and preterm birth (emissions Naper Aero Club not known)
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
(Note Figure adapted from Achakulwisut et al 2019)
Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways
HypothesisIn DuPage County children of low income minority populations more frequently live and attend school in close proximity to airports expressways and hazardous material incidents that release environmental pollutants associated with asthma and preterm birth
Methodsbull Literature review (childhood health indicators contaminants environmental justice)bull Secondary data review (health outcomes pollutants and demographics)bull Key informant interviews
o EPA officials (local state and regional)o University of Illinois professor with childhood asthma expertiseo Lieutenant from the Addison Fire Protection Districto Assistant Director of Family Health and nurse from DuPage County Great
StartBetter Birth Outcomesbull Stakeholder input
o Director of Community Health Resources for DuPage County Health Depto Medical Officer and epidemiology staff for DuPage County Health Depto Community advocacy group meetings
bull Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Airportsbull Border of airport determined qualitativelybull Schools within 3 mile radius of border identifiedbull Reviewed emissions dataExpresswaysbull Examined school locations near expresswaysbull Reviewed emissions dataHazardous material incidentsbull gt 3500 reports - heat map createdbull 5 cities with highest counts identifiedbull Qualitative determination of location of most of
the heat signalbull Reviewed hazardous material incident information
Chicago OrsquoHare
ResultsAirports
Chicago OrsquoHare Intl
DuPage Airport
N
Naper Aero Club
N
Bensenville SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Fenton HS (3773) (41335)
WA Johnson (1953) (39515)
Blackhawk Middle School (3552) (41114)
St Alexis (3365) (40927)
Tioga (1965) (39527)
Holy Family Catholic 8001 (31561)
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Bensenville 666 363 4846 5154 86273
Chicago OrsquoHare
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Bensenville
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Elmhurst 8698 239 759 9242 151424
Race Ethnicity
Elmhurst School White BlackAA Hispanic
non-Hispanic
Average householdincome differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Churchville 7203 319 3714 6286 (56679) (29090)
Conrad Fischer 7255 322 3641 6359 (56117) (28528)
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Elmhurst
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835West
Chicago 6878 268 4555 5445 111736
Wayne 8257 112 448 9552 202783
DuPage Airport
West Chicago School
Average household income differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wegner (3693) (15792)Early Learning Center (12269) (24368)
Pioneer (13083) (25182)Norton Creek Elementary 34584 22485
Wayne SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wayne Elementary (53753) 25195Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport 2014
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
Intl Acrolein 1438062
Benzene 1098638
Black Carbon 10459000
Carbon Monoxide 478071000
Formaldehyde 7327831
Lead 029000
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000
PM25 13588000
PM10 14104000
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000Volatile Organic Compounds 75056000
Dupage County Acrolein 011148
Benzene 016926
Carbon Monoxide 20248000
Formaldehyde 061575
Lead 018000Volatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airportrelated to health indicators
Note Data from NEI 20141 ton = 2000 lbs
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons) AsthmaPreterm
Birth
Chicago O Hare Intl Acrolein 1438062 X
Lead 029000 X X
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000 X
PM25 13588000 X
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000 X
Dupage County Acrolein 011148 X
Lead 018000 X X
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
IntlVolatile Organic Compounds 75056000
DuPage AirportVolatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
ResultsAirportsKey findingsbull Higher percentage of minority populations in communities around OrsquoHare and
DuPage Airportbull Average household income is generally lower than respective cities and the county
at these 2 airports bull Emissions from OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport include pollutants associated with
development of asthma and preterm birth (emissions Naper Aero Club not known)
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
HypothesisIn DuPage County children of low income minority populations more frequently live and attend school in close proximity to airports expressways and hazardous material incidents that release environmental pollutants associated with asthma and preterm birth
Methodsbull Literature review (childhood health indicators contaminants environmental justice)bull Secondary data review (health outcomes pollutants and demographics)bull Key informant interviews
o EPA officials (local state and regional)o University of Illinois professor with childhood asthma expertiseo Lieutenant from the Addison Fire Protection Districto Assistant Director of Family Health and nurse from DuPage County Great
StartBetter Birth Outcomesbull Stakeholder input
o Director of Community Health Resources for DuPage County Health Depto Medical Officer and epidemiology staff for DuPage County Health Depto Community advocacy group meetings
bull Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Airportsbull Border of airport determined qualitativelybull Schools within 3 mile radius of border identifiedbull Reviewed emissions dataExpresswaysbull Examined school locations near expresswaysbull Reviewed emissions dataHazardous material incidentsbull gt 3500 reports - heat map createdbull 5 cities with highest counts identifiedbull Qualitative determination of location of most of
the heat signalbull Reviewed hazardous material incident information
Chicago OrsquoHare
ResultsAirports
Chicago OrsquoHare Intl
DuPage Airport
N
Naper Aero Club
N
Bensenville SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Fenton HS (3773) (41335)
WA Johnson (1953) (39515)
Blackhawk Middle School (3552) (41114)
St Alexis (3365) (40927)
Tioga (1965) (39527)
Holy Family Catholic 8001 (31561)
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Bensenville 666 363 4846 5154 86273
Chicago OrsquoHare
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Bensenville
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Elmhurst 8698 239 759 9242 151424
Race Ethnicity
Elmhurst School White BlackAA Hispanic
non-Hispanic
Average householdincome differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Churchville 7203 319 3714 6286 (56679) (29090)
Conrad Fischer 7255 322 3641 6359 (56117) (28528)
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Elmhurst
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835West
Chicago 6878 268 4555 5445 111736
Wayne 8257 112 448 9552 202783
DuPage Airport
West Chicago School
Average household income differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wegner (3693) (15792)Early Learning Center (12269) (24368)
Pioneer (13083) (25182)Norton Creek Elementary 34584 22485
Wayne SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wayne Elementary (53753) 25195Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport 2014
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
Intl Acrolein 1438062
Benzene 1098638
Black Carbon 10459000
Carbon Monoxide 478071000
Formaldehyde 7327831
Lead 029000
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000
PM25 13588000
PM10 14104000
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000Volatile Organic Compounds 75056000
Dupage County Acrolein 011148
Benzene 016926
Carbon Monoxide 20248000
Formaldehyde 061575
Lead 018000Volatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airportrelated to health indicators
Note Data from NEI 20141 ton = 2000 lbs
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons) AsthmaPreterm
Birth
Chicago O Hare Intl Acrolein 1438062 X
Lead 029000 X X
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000 X
PM25 13588000 X
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000 X
Dupage County Acrolein 011148 X
Lead 018000 X X
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
IntlVolatile Organic Compounds 75056000
DuPage AirportVolatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
ResultsAirportsKey findingsbull Higher percentage of minority populations in communities around OrsquoHare and
DuPage Airportbull Average household income is generally lower than respective cities and the county
at these 2 airports bull Emissions from OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport include pollutants associated with
development of asthma and preterm birth (emissions Naper Aero Club not known)
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Methodsbull Literature review (childhood health indicators contaminants environmental justice)bull Secondary data review (health outcomes pollutants and demographics)bull Key informant interviews
o EPA officials (local state and regional)o University of Illinois professor with childhood asthma expertiseo Lieutenant from the Addison Fire Protection Districto Assistant Director of Family Health and nurse from DuPage County Great
StartBetter Birth Outcomesbull Stakeholder input
o Director of Community Health Resources for DuPage County Health Depto Medical Officer and epidemiology staff for DuPage County Health Depto Community advocacy group meetings
bull Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Airportsbull Border of airport determined qualitativelybull Schools within 3 mile radius of border identifiedbull Reviewed emissions dataExpresswaysbull Examined school locations near expresswaysbull Reviewed emissions dataHazardous material incidentsbull gt 3500 reports - heat map createdbull 5 cities with highest counts identifiedbull Qualitative determination of location of most of
the heat signalbull Reviewed hazardous material incident information
Chicago OrsquoHare
ResultsAirports
Chicago OrsquoHare Intl
DuPage Airport
N
Naper Aero Club
N
Bensenville SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Fenton HS (3773) (41335)
WA Johnson (1953) (39515)
Blackhawk Middle School (3552) (41114)
St Alexis (3365) (40927)
Tioga (1965) (39527)
Holy Family Catholic 8001 (31561)
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Bensenville 666 363 4846 5154 86273
Chicago OrsquoHare
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Bensenville
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Elmhurst 8698 239 759 9242 151424
Race Ethnicity
Elmhurst School White BlackAA Hispanic
non-Hispanic
Average householdincome differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Churchville 7203 319 3714 6286 (56679) (29090)
Conrad Fischer 7255 322 3641 6359 (56117) (28528)
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Elmhurst
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835West
Chicago 6878 268 4555 5445 111736
Wayne 8257 112 448 9552 202783
DuPage Airport
West Chicago School
Average household income differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wegner (3693) (15792)Early Learning Center (12269) (24368)
Pioneer (13083) (25182)Norton Creek Elementary 34584 22485
Wayne SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wayne Elementary (53753) 25195Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport 2014
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
Intl Acrolein 1438062
Benzene 1098638
Black Carbon 10459000
Carbon Monoxide 478071000
Formaldehyde 7327831
Lead 029000
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000
PM25 13588000
PM10 14104000
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000Volatile Organic Compounds 75056000
Dupage County Acrolein 011148
Benzene 016926
Carbon Monoxide 20248000
Formaldehyde 061575
Lead 018000Volatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airportrelated to health indicators
Note Data from NEI 20141 ton = 2000 lbs
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons) AsthmaPreterm
Birth
Chicago O Hare Intl Acrolein 1438062 X
Lead 029000 X X
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000 X
PM25 13588000 X
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000 X
Dupage County Acrolein 011148 X
Lead 018000 X X
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
IntlVolatile Organic Compounds 75056000
DuPage AirportVolatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
ResultsAirportsKey findingsbull Higher percentage of minority populations in communities around OrsquoHare and
DuPage Airportbull Average household income is generally lower than respective cities and the county
at these 2 airports bull Emissions from OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport include pollutants associated with
development of asthma and preterm birth (emissions Naper Aero Club not known)
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data retrieval
Airportsbull Border of airport determined qualitativelybull Schools within 3 mile radius of border identifiedbull Reviewed emissions dataExpresswaysbull Examined school locations near expresswaysbull Reviewed emissions dataHazardous material incidentsbull gt 3500 reports - heat map createdbull 5 cities with highest counts identifiedbull Qualitative determination of location of most of
the heat signalbull Reviewed hazardous material incident information
Chicago OrsquoHare
ResultsAirports
Chicago OrsquoHare Intl
DuPage Airport
N
Naper Aero Club
N
Bensenville SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Fenton HS (3773) (41335)
WA Johnson (1953) (39515)
Blackhawk Middle School (3552) (41114)
St Alexis (3365) (40927)
Tioga (1965) (39527)
Holy Family Catholic 8001 (31561)
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Bensenville 666 363 4846 5154 86273
Chicago OrsquoHare
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Bensenville
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Elmhurst 8698 239 759 9242 151424
Race Ethnicity
Elmhurst School White BlackAA Hispanic
non-Hispanic
Average householdincome differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Churchville 7203 319 3714 6286 (56679) (29090)
Conrad Fischer 7255 322 3641 6359 (56117) (28528)
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Elmhurst
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835West
Chicago 6878 268 4555 5445 111736
Wayne 8257 112 448 9552 202783
DuPage Airport
West Chicago School
Average household income differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wegner (3693) (15792)Early Learning Center (12269) (24368)
Pioneer (13083) (25182)Norton Creek Elementary 34584 22485
Wayne SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wayne Elementary (53753) 25195Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport 2014
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
Intl Acrolein 1438062
Benzene 1098638
Black Carbon 10459000
Carbon Monoxide 478071000
Formaldehyde 7327831
Lead 029000
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000
PM25 13588000
PM10 14104000
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000Volatile Organic Compounds 75056000
Dupage County Acrolein 011148
Benzene 016926
Carbon Monoxide 20248000
Formaldehyde 061575
Lead 018000Volatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airportrelated to health indicators
Note Data from NEI 20141 ton = 2000 lbs
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons) AsthmaPreterm
Birth
Chicago O Hare Intl Acrolein 1438062 X
Lead 029000 X X
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000 X
PM25 13588000 X
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000 X
Dupage County Acrolein 011148 X
Lead 018000 X X
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
IntlVolatile Organic Compounds 75056000
DuPage AirportVolatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
ResultsAirportsKey findingsbull Higher percentage of minority populations in communities around OrsquoHare and
DuPage Airportbull Average household income is generally lower than respective cities and the county
at these 2 airports bull Emissions from OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport include pollutants associated with
development of asthma and preterm birth (emissions Naper Aero Club not known)
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Airportsbull Border of airport determined qualitativelybull Schools within 3 mile radius of border identifiedbull Reviewed emissions dataExpresswaysbull Examined school locations near expresswaysbull Reviewed emissions dataHazardous material incidentsbull gt 3500 reports - heat map createdbull 5 cities with highest counts identifiedbull Qualitative determination of location of most of
the heat signalbull Reviewed hazardous material incident information
Chicago OrsquoHare
ResultsAirports
Chicago OrsquoHare Intl
DuPage Airport
N
Naper Aero Club
N
Bensenville SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Fenton HS (3773) (41335)
WA Johnson (1953) (39515)
Blackhawk Middle School (3552) (41114)
St Alexis (3365) (40927)
Tioga (1965) (39527)
Holy Family Catholic 8001 (31561)
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Bensenville 666 363 4846 5154 86273
Chicago OrsquoHare
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Bensenville
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Elmhurst 8698 239 759 9242 151424
Race Ethnicity
Elmhurst School White BlackAA Hispanic
non-Hispanic
Average householdincome differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Churchville 7203 319 3714 6286 (56679) (29090)
Conrad Fischer 7255 322 3641 6359 (56117) (28528)
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Elmhurst
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835West
Chicago 6878 268 4555 5445 111736
Wayne 8257 112 448 9552 202783
DuPage Airport
West Chicago School
Average household income differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wegner (3693) (15792)Early Learning Center (12269) (24368)
Pioneer (13083) (25182)Norton Creek Elementary 34584 22485
Wayne SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wayne Elementary (53753) 25195Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport 2014
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
Intl Acrolein 1438062
Benzene 1098638
Black Carbon 10459000
Carbon Monoxide 478071000
Formaldehyde 7327831
Lead 029000
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000
PM25 13588000
PM10 14104000
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000Volatile Organic Compounds 75056000
Dupage County Acrolein 011148
Benzene 016926
Carbon Monoxide 20248000
Formaldehyde 061575
Lead 018000Volatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airportrelated to health indicators
Note Data from NEI 20141 ton = 2000 lbs
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons) AsthmaPreterm
Birth
Chicago O Hare Intl Acrolein 1438062 X
Lead 029000 X X
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000 X
PM25 13588000 X
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000 X
Dupage County Acrolein 011148 X
Lead 018000 X X
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
IntlVolatile Organic Compounds 75056000
DuPage AirportVolatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
ResultsAirportsKey findingsbull Higher percentage of minority populations in communities around OrsquoHare and
DuPage Airportbull Average household income is generally lower than respective cities and the county
at these 2 airports bull Emissions from OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport include pollutants associated with
development of asthma and preterm birth (emissions Naper Aero Club not known)
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
ResultsAirports
Chicago OrsquoHare Intl
DuPage Airport
N
Naper Aero Club
N
Bensenville SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Fenton HS (3773) (41335)
WA Johnson (1953) (39515)
Blackhawk Middle School (3552) (41114)
St Alexis (3365) (40927)
Tioga (1965) (39527)
Holy Family Catholic 8001 (31561)
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Bensenville 666 363 4846 5154 86273
Chicago OrsquoHare
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Bensenville
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Elmhurst 8698 239 759 9242 151424
Race Ethnicity
Elmhurst School White BlackAA Hispanic
non-Hispanic
Average householdincome differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Churchville 7203 319 3714 6286 (56679) (29090)
Conrad Fischer 7255 322 3641 6359 (56117) (28528)
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Elmhurst
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835West
Chicago 6878 268 4555 5445 111736
Wayne 8257 112 448 9552 202783
DuPage Airport
West Chicago School
Average household income differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wegner (3693) (15792)Early Learning Center (12269) (24368)
Pioneer (13083) (25182)Norton Creek Elementary 34584 22485
Wayne SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wayne Elementary (53753) 25195Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport 2014
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
Intl Acrolein 1438062
Benzene 1098638
Black Carbon 10459000
Carbon Monoxide 478071000
Formaldehyde 7327831
Lead 029000
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000
PM25 13588000
PM10 14104000
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000Volatile Organic Compounds 75056000
Dupage County Acrolein 011148
Benzene 016926
Carbon Monoxide 20248000
Formaldehyde 061575
Lead 018000Volatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airportrelated to health indicators
Note Data from NEI 20141 ton = 2000 lbs
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons) AsthmaPreterm
Birth
Chicago O Hare Intl Acrolein 1438062 X
Lead 029000 X X
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000 X
PM25 13588000 X
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000 X
Dupage County Acrolein 011148 X
Lead 018000 X X
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
IntlVolatile Organic Compounds 75056000
DuPage AirportVolatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
ResultsAirportsKey findingsbull Higher percentage of minority populations in communities around OrsquoHare and
DuPage Airportbull Average household income is generally lower than respective cities and the county
at these 2 airports bull Emissions from OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport include pollutants associated with
development of asthma and preterm birth (emissions Naper Aero Club not known)
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Naper Aero Club
N
Bensenville SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Fenton HS (3773) (41335)
WA Johnson (1953) (39515)
Blackhawk Middle School (3552) (41114)
St Alexis (3365) (40927)
Tioga (1965) (39527)
Holy Family Catholic 8001 (31561)
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Bensenville 666 363 4846 5154 86273
Chicago OrsquoHare
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Bensenville
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Elmhurst 8698 239 759 9242 151424
Race Ethnicity
Elmhurst School White BlackAA Hispanic
non-Hispanic
Average householdincome differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Churchville 7203 319 3714 6286 (56679) (29090)
Conrad Fischer 7255 322 3641 6359 (56117) (28528)
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Elmhurst
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835West
Chicago 6878 268 4555 5445 111736
Wayne 8257 112 448 9552 202783
DuPage Airport
West Chicago School
Average household income differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wegner (3693) (15792)Early Learning Center (12269) (24368)
Pioneer (13083) (25182)Norton Creek Elementary 34584 22485
Wayne SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wayne Elementary (53753) 25195Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport 2014
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
Intl Acrolein 1438062
Benzene 1098638
Black Carbon 10459000
Carbon Monoxide 478071000
Formaldehyde 7327831
Lead 029000
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000
PM25 13588000
PM10 14104000
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000Volatile Organic Compounds 75056000
Dupage County Acrolein 011148
Benzene 016926
Carbon Monoxide 20248000
Formaldehyde 061575
Lead 018000Volatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airportrelated to health indicators
Note Data from NEI 20141 ton = 2000 lbs
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons) AsthmaPreterm
Birth
Chicago O Hare Intl Acrolein 1438062 X
Lead 029000 X X
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000 X
PM25 13588000 X
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000 X
Dupage County Acrolein 011148 X
Lead 018000 X X
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
IntlVolatile Organic Compounds 75056000
DuPage AirportVolatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
ResultsAirportsKey findingsbull Higher percentage of minority populations in communities around OrsquoHare and
DuPage Airportbull Average household income is generally lower than respective cities and the county
at these 2 airports bull Emissions from OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport include pollutants associated with
development of asthma and preterm birth (emissions Naper Aero Club not known)
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Bensenville SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Fenton HS (3773) (41335)
WA Johnson (1953) (39515)
Blackhawk Middle School (3552) (41114)
St Alexis (3365) (40927)
Tioga (1965) (39527)
Holy Family Catholic 8001 (31561)
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Bensenville 666 363 4846 5154 86273
Chicago OrsquoHare
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Bensenville
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Elmhurst 8698 239 759 9242 151424
Race Ethnicity
Elmhurst School White BlackAA Hispanic
non-Hispanic
Average householdincome differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Churchville 7203 319 3714 6286 (56679) (29090)
Conrad Fischer 7255 322 3641 6359 (56117) (28528)
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Elmhurst
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835West
Chicago 6878 268 4555 5445 111736
Wayne 8257 112 448 9552 202783
DuPage Airport
West Chicago School
Average household income differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wegner (3693) (15792)Early Learning Center (12269) (24368)
Pioneer (13083) (25182)Norton Creek Elementary 34584 22485
Wayne SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wayne Elementary (53753) 25195Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport 2014
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
Intl Acrolein 1438062
Benzene 1098638
Black Carbon 10459000
Carbon Monoxide 478071000
Formaldehyde 7327831
Lead 029000
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000
PM25 13588000
PM10 14104000
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000Volatile Organic Compounds 75056000
Dupage County Acrolein 011148
Benzene 016926
Carbon Monoxide 20248000
Formaldehyde 061575
Lead 018000Volatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airportrelated to health indicators
Note Data from NEI 20141 ton = 2000 lbs
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons) AsthmaPreterm
Birth
Chicago O Hare Intl Acrolein 1438062 X
Lead 029000 X X
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000 X
PM25 13588000 X
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000 X
Dupage County Acrolein 011148 X
Lead 018000 X X
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
IntlVolatile Organic Compounds 75056000
DuPage AirportVolatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
ResultsAirportsKey findingsbull Higher percentage of minority populations in communities around OrsquoHare and
DuPage Airportbull Average household income is generally lower than respective cities and the county
at these 2 airports bull Emissions from OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport include pollutants associated with
development of asthma and preterm birth (emissions Naper Aero Club not known)
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835
Elmhurst 8698 239 759 9242 151424
Race Ethnicity
Elmhurst School White BlackAA Hispanic
non-Hispanic
Average householdincome differential compared to city $
Average household income differential compared to
county $
Churchville 7203 319 3714 6286 (56679) (29090)
Conrad Fischer 7255 322 3641 6359 (56117) (28528)
Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Elmhurst
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835West
Chicago 6878 268 4555 5445 111736
Wayne 8257 112 448 9552 202783
DuPage Airport
West Chicago School
Average household income differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wegner (3693) (15792)Early Learning Center (12269) (24368)
Pioneer (13083) (25182)Norton Creek Elementary 34584 22485
Wayne SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wayne Elementary (53753) 25195Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport 2014
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
Intl Acrolein 1438062
Benzene 1098638
Black Carbon 10459000
Carbon Monoxide 478071000
Formaldehyde 7327831
Lead 029000
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000
PM25 13588000
PM10 14104000
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000Volatile Organic Compounds 75056000
Dupage County Acrolein 011148
Benzene 016926
Carbon Monoxide 20248000
Formaldehyde 061575
Lead 018000Volatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airportrelated to health indicators
Note Data from NEI 20141 ton = 2000 lbs
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons) AsthmaPreterm
Birth
Chicago O Hare Intl Acrolein 1438062 X
Lead 029000 X X
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000 X
PM25 13588000 X
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000 X
Dupage County Acrolein 011148 X
Lead 018000 X X
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
IntlVolatile Organic Compounds 75056000
DuPage AirportVolatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
ResultsAirportsKey findingsbull Higher percentage of minority populations in communities around OrsquoHare and
DuPage Airportbull Average household income is generally lower than respective cities and the county
at these 2 airports bull Emissions from OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport include pollutants associated with
development of asthma and preterm birth (emissions Naper Aero Club not known)
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Race Ethnicity
Location White BlackAA Hispanicnon-
Hispanic
Average household income $
DuPage County 7427 516 1477 8523 123835West
Chicago 6878 268 4555 5445 111736
Wayne 8257 112 448 9552 202783
DuPage Airport
West Chicago School
Average household income differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wegner (3693) (15792)Early Learning Center (12269) (24368)
Pioneer (13083) (25182)Norton Creek Elementary 34584 22485
Wayne SchoolAverage household income
differential compared to city $
Average household income differential
compared to county $
Wayne Elementary (53753) 25195Note Data from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport 2014
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
Intl Acrolein 1438062
Benzene 1098638
Black Carbon 10459000
Carbon Monoxide 478071000
Formaldehyde 7327831
Lead 029000
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000
PM25 13588000
PM10 14104000
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000Volatile Organic Compounds 75056000
Dupage County Acrolein 011148
Benzene 016926
Carbon Monoxide 20248000
Formaldehyde 061575
Lead 018000Volatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airportrelated to health indicators
Note Data from NEI 20141 ton = 2000 lbs
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons) AsthmaPreterm
Birth
Chicago O Hare Intl Acrolein 1438062 X
Lead 029000 X X
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000 X
PM25 13588000 X
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000 X
Dupage County Acrolein 011148 X
Lead 018000 X X
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
IntlVolatile Organic Compounds 75056000
DuPage AirportVolatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
ResultsAirportsKey findingsbull Higher percentage of minority populations in communities around OrsquoHare and
DuPage Airportbull Average household income is generally lower than respective cities and the county
at these 2 airports bull Emissions from OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport include pollutants associated with
development of asthma and preterm birth (emissions Naper Aero Club not known)
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport 2014
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
Intl Acrolein 1438062
Benzene 1098638
Black Carbon 10459000
Carbon Monoxide 478071000
Formaldehyde 7327831
Lead 029000
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000
PM25 13588000
PM10 14104000
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000Volatile Organic Compounds 75056000
Dupage County Acrolein 011148
Benzene 016926
Carbon Monoxide 20248000
Formaldehyde 061575
Lead 018000Volatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airportrelated to health indicators
Note Data from NEI 20141 ton = 2000 lbs
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons) AsthmaPreterm
Birth
Chicago O Hare Intl Acrolein 1438062 X
Lead 029000 X X
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000 X
PM25 13588000 X
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000 X
Dupage County Acrolein 011148 X
Lead 018000 X X
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
IntlVolatile Organic Compounds 75056000
DuPage AirportVolatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
ResultsAirportsKey findingsbull Higher percentage of minority populations in communities around OrsquoHare and
DuPage Airportbull Average household income is generally lower than respective cities and the county
at these 2 airports bull Emissions from OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport include pollutants associated with
development of asthma and preterm birth (emissions Naper Aero Club not known)
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare and DuPage Airportrelated to health indicators
Note Data from NEI 20141 ton = 2000 lbs
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons) AsthmaPreterm
Birth
Chicago O Hare Intl Acrolein 1438062 X
Lead 029000 X X
Nitrogen Oxides 498446000 X
PM25 13588000 X
Sulfur Dioxide 49116000 X
Dupage County Acrolein 011148 X
Lead 018000 X X
Airport PollutantEmissions
(tons)Chicago O Hare
IntlVolatile Organic Compounds 75056000
DuPage AirportVolatile Organic Compounds 631000
Note Data from NEI 2014
ResultsAirportsKey findingsbull Higher percentage of minority populations in communities around OrsquoHare and
DuPage Airportbull Average household income is generally lower than respective cities and the county
at these 2 airports bull Emissions from OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport include pollutants associated with
development of asthma and preterm birth (emissions Naper Aero Club not known)
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
ResultsAirportsKey findingsbull Higher percentage of minority populations in communities around OrsquoHare and
DuPage Airportbull Average household income is generally lower than respective cities and the county
at these 2 airports bull Emissions from OrsquoHare and DuPage Airport include pollutants associated with
development of asthma and preterm birth (emissions Naper Aero Club not known)
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Expressways
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Type of Fuel PollutantEmissions
(tons)
Diesel Acrolein 3600Ammonia 17897Benzene 4388Black Carbon 144307Carbon Monoxide 2307197Formaldehyde 48567Nitrogen Oxides 5621847PM25 267131PM10 390529Sulfur Dioxide 9627VOCs 528086
Gasoline Acrolein 3746Ammonia 259450Benzene 161271Black Carbon 50356Carbon Monoxide 64732635Formaldehyde 56180Nitrogen Oxides 6382754PM25 224204PM10 618233
Sulfur Dioxide 68232VOCs 6063619
Highway vehicle emissions DuPage County 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
Acrolein NitrogenOxides
PM25 SulfurDioxide
DIESEL GASOLINE
Note Data from NEI 2014
Highway vehicle emissions (tons) associated with asthma and preterm birth
Type of Fuel Pollutant Emissions (tons)
DieselVolatile organic compounds 528086
GasolineVolatile organic compounds 6063619
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
ResultsExpresswaysKey findingsbull Expressways cross through much of county bull Many schools are in proximity to expresswaysbull Emissions from diesel and gasoline highway vehicles include
pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Hazardous material incidents
Cities with most no of incidentsNaperville ndash 265Elmhurst ndash 251Addison ndash 237Bensenville ndash 215Downers Grove 206
Note Data from IEMA (nd) GIS map of DuPage County
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Most frequent materials spilledbull Dieselbull Gasolinebull Heating oil
Note Circles indicate areas of increased heat signal
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
0 5 10 15 20 25
Naperville
Elmhurst
Downers Grove
Bensenville
Addison
Note Average counts for more than one heat signal Data from GIS map of DuPage County
Note Enlarged view of Addisonrsquos heat signal Circles indicate area of increased heat signal
No schools within 3 mi of hazardous material accidents
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Race () Ethnicity ()
Average household income ($) White BlackAA Hispanic Non-HispanicNaperville 150782 7778 415 549 9451DuPage County 123835 7427 516 1477 8523
School
Avg household income
differential compared to city
Avg household income
differential compared to
county
Anne Reid Early Childhood Center (13609) 13338 7814 403 587 9413Beebe (18259) 8688 7746 474 722 9278Bethany Lutheran (1193) 25754 7578 438 589 9411Brookdale (32743) (5796) 6902 761 1091 8909Ellsworth (15479) 11468 7689 469 681 9319Elmwood (5417) 21530 7659 416 598 9402Highlands (13205) 13742 7622 462 657 9343Jefferson Jr High (17388) 9559 778 471 74 926Lincoln Jr High (2552) 24395 7664 403 583 9417May Watts (19230) 7717 7143 663 764 9236Mill St (20263) 6684 7629 51 758 9242Naper (16133) 10814 7473 513 704 9296
Naperville Central HS (14788) 12159 7526 492 673 9327Naperville N HS (20751) 6196 7483 535 756 9244Prairie (14826) 12121 7683 446 651 9349St Raphael (4907) 22040 7655 42 601 9399Sts Peter and Paul (14519) 12428 7655 473 68 932
Washington Jr High (14817) 12130 7627 468 685 9315
Compared to rest of Napervillebull Avg HH income $1200-33000 lessbull More Hispanics
Note Data from from United States Census Bureau Impact DuPage
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
ResultsHazardous material incidentsKey findingsbull Schools are in close proximity to hazardous material incidentsbull There were lower average household incomes in school communities
around the city with the most hazardous material incidents and higher percentages of Hispanics
bull Most of the accidents involved petroleum products which contain pollutants associated with development of asthma and preterm birth
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Conclusions
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
(EPA 2013)
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Strengthsbull Use of mapping identified locations where
environmental contaminants may be released around children and were linked to county-level emissions and incident data
bull Linking census tract data to maps identified some demographic differences around environmental hazards
bull Two frequent childhood health indicators in DuPage County were identified for which programs can be planned to decrease prevalence
bull County-level data gaps were identified bull Sources of web-based data were identified
that can be used in future investigations
Limitationsbull Assumption was made that the population at
the schools reflected census tract databull Airport emissions from Chicago OrsquoHare were
reported for Cook County so amount in DuPage is unclear
bull Contribution of vehicles on expressways to overall emissions could not be assessed
bull There may be important demographic differences in exposure to hazardous material incidents that were not assessed in this project
bull Qualitative assessments were done to determine communities closest to environmental hazards
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
With gratitude
EPADr Maryann Suero US EPA Region 5 Rick Cobb IL EPAJohn Richardson IL EPAGino Bruni IL EPA
GIS Division of the Information Technology Dept of DuPage CountyTom Ricker and Kevin Piraino
University of FloridaDr Joe Bisesi
DuPage County Health DeptChris HoffKaren AyalaRashmi Chugh and Emily MurskyjMichelle Lanzi and Lori OstickKevin DixonSarah TrollMichelle Aguirre
Dr Vicky Persky University of IllinoisJoy Hinz Environmental Specialist DuPage CountyLt Christopher Mansfield Addison Fire Protection District
DuPage County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency ManagementMurray Snow and Corey Mulryan
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
ImagesSlide 1 (nd) Group of children lying on grass together in park [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswww123rfcomstock-photomultiracial_childrenhtmlsti=nyp0hzsirw224y8a56|Slide 2World Health Organization (nd) Environmental sources of exposure and impact on health [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwgooglecomurlsa=iampsource=imagesampcd=ampved=2ahUKEwipjamQ7qDjAhUUG80KHTj4CTQQjRx6BAgBEAUampurl=https3A2F2Fwwwintechopencom2Fbooks2Fadvances-in-health-management2Funiversal-health-coverage-and-environmental-health-an-investigation-in-decreasing-communicable-and-camppsig=AOvVaw1jLtrhN0WfviGD1Euc1H2kampust=1562521931824517Running outside (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpnieerorg20111216crossing-the-finish-line-race-to-the-top-early-learning-challenge-winners-announcedrunning-outside-4Girl playing in mud (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcrystalgraphicsimagescomsearchkids-playing-mud-imagespage=2Slide 3Latina girls walking to school in polluted neighborhood (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpssalud-americaorglatinos-in-california-exposed-to-the-worst-air-qualityLockridge E (2018) Protesters from Boynton call for clean air in their community [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsearthergizmodocommichigan-s-most-polluted-neighborhood-demands-justice-f-1821954994Slide 4Protestors outside Sterigenics (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwchicagotribunecomsuburbsburr-ridgect-dbr-sterigenics-protest-tl-0906-storyhtmlSlide 5(nd) Rusting barrels in the depot [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsfarm3staticflickrcom21755725317095_1952e7a365_bjpgSlide 6Child using inhaler (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsmedlineplusgovasthmainchildrenhtmlIntubated preterm baby in an incubator (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsenwikipediaorgwikiPreterm_birthSlide 81950s style ranch house (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwarchitecturaldesignscomhouse-plansrambling-ranch-home-plan-36866jg
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Quinn R (2018) Boys with tractor [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwdtnpfcomagriculturewebagequipmentarticle20180709accessories-vintage-tractorsPiston powered airplane (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsnbaaorgbusiness-aviationbusiness-aircraftpiston-engine-aircraftSlide 10Percent new asthma cases annually attributable to NO2 near roadways (Adapted from) Figure 5 Annual percentage of new asthma cases attributable to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for children aged 1ndash18 years in Achakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4Slide 11DuPage County Airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwainonlinecomaviation-newsaviation-international-news2006-09-20chicago-dupage-airportVehicle emissions (2018) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwcoloradopoliticscomnewscolorado-adopts-california-auto-emissions-standardsarticle_85ea1d1f-7d0b-5c0a-8d05-348494df9032htmlTanker truck spill (2010) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwtruckaccidentlaworgblog2241tanker-truck-overturns-collides-with-semi-truck-in-tyler-texasSlide 13DuPage County schools and reports (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 14Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 15DuPage Airport and Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 16Naper Aero Club (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtml
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Slide 17Southwestern edge of Chicago OrsquoHare International Airport in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 19Northern and southern ends of DuPage Airport (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 22SPO123iStock (nd) Airplane taking off near homes [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwbueduarticles2019bu-students-tackle-city-problemsSlide 23Expressways in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 24DuPage County schools (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 26Highway in Illinois (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwinterstate-guidecomi-088-westSlide 27 Heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 28Enlarged view of heat map of hazardous material accidents in DuPage County (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 29Naperville school locations (2019) [Map] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlEnlarged heat map of hazardous material accidents in Addison (2019) [Maps] Retrieved from httpsdupagemapsarcgiscomhomeindexhtmlSlide 31Hazardous material accident (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpwwwkeywordbasketcomcGVzdGljaWRlIHNwaWxsIGRhbWFnZSBwaWN0dXJlcw
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Slide 32Child swinging near airport (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpredtricomatlantapeachtree-dekalb-airport-parkReutersSlaton J (2013) Workers cleaning up hazardous material spill in neighborhood [Digital image] Retrieved from httpsgristorgclimate-energyarkansas-town-in-lockdown-after-oil-spill-nightmareSlide 33Back of obese child (2016) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwtelegraphcouknews20161103record-level-of-obese-children-heralds-state-of-emergencyChild with cancer (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwstuffconznationalhealth111026417one-in-two-children-with-cancer-undiagnosed-and-untreated--studySlide 35Tractor spraying pesticides (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwpannaorggmos-pesticides-profitbig-ags-dirty-little-secretTeflon pans (nd) [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwconsumerreportsorgcookwarebest-cookware-sets-of-the-yearPixabay (nd) Child drinking from plastic water bottle [Digital image] Retrieved from httpswwwmedicaldailycomplastic-water-bottles-bpa-kids-teeth-dental-enamel-388438
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
ReferencesAchakulwisu P Brauer M Hystad P amp Anenberg SC (2019) Global national and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence
attributable to ambient NO₂ pollution estimates from global datasets Lancet Planetary Health 3 e166ndash78 doi101016S2542-5196(19)30046-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018a) Asthma Most recent national asthma data Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovasthmamost_recent_national_asthma_datahtm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018b) National center for health statistics Describing the increase in preterm births in the United States 2014-2016 Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovnchsproductsdatabriefsdb312htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018c) Reproductive Health Preterm birth Retrieved from httpswwwcdcgovreproductivehealthmaternalinfanthealthpretermbirthhtm
County of DuPage (nd) Sterigenics information Retrieved from httpswwwdupagecoorgdefaultaspxmode=fullDietert RR amp Piepenbrink MS (2006) Lead and Immune Function Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36 359ndash385
doi10108010408440500534297Environmental Protection Agency (nd) National Emissions Inventory 2014 Report Dashboard Retrieved from
httpsedapepagovpublicextensionsnei_report_2014dashboardhtmltrend-dbEnvironmental Protection Agency (2013) Americarsquos children and the environment (3rd ed Report No EPA 240-R-13-001) Retrieved
from httpswwwepagovsitesproductionfiles2015-06documentsace3_2013pdfFerguson KK McElrath TF amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth JAMA pediatrics 168(1)
61ndash67 doi101001jamapediatrics20133699Ferguson KK OrsquoNeill MS amp Meeker JD (2014) Environmental contaminant exposures and preterm birth A comprehensive
review Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B Critical Reviews 16(2) 69-113 doi101080109374042013775048
Illinois Department of Public Health (2013) The burden of asthma in Illinois 2000-2011 [PDF file] Retrieved from httpwwwdphillinoisgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsilburdenasthmaaugust2013rpdf
Illinois Emergency Management Agency (nd) Retrieved from httpspubliciemastateilusFOIAHazmatSearch
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
Impact DuPage (2019) Retrieved from httpswwwimpactdupageorgKarimi P Peters KO Bidad K amp Strickland PT (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma European
Journal of Epidemiology 30(2) 91-101 doi 101007s10654-015-9988-6Miranda ML Anthopolos R amp Hastings D (2011) A Geospatial Analysis of the Effects of Aviation Gasoline on Childhood Blood
Lead Levels Environmental Health Perspectives 119(10) 1513-1516 doi101289ehp1003231Mohai P amp Saha R (2015) Which came first people or pollution Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change
hypotheses of environmental injustice Environmental Research Letters 10 1-17 doi1010881748-93261011115008 Siegel DA Li J Henley SJ Wilson RJ Buchanan Lunsford N Tai E amp Van Dyne EA (2018) Geographic Variation in
pediatric cancer incidence-United States 2003-2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(25) 707ndash713 doi1015585mmwrmm6725a2
United States Census Bureau (nd) American Fact Finder Retrieved from httpswwwcensusgov
