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1 Christine Davies CBE

Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

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Page 1: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

1

Christine Davies CBE

Page 2: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Why ‘narrowing the gap’ for children at risk is important

The challenges!

Evidence of ‘what works’

Sustaining improvement – Centre for Excellence and Outcomes in Children and Young People’s Services (C4EO)

Presentation will cover:

Page 3: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Why ‘narrowing the gap’ is important in the UK and the developed world!

Page 4: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Despite 10 years of sustained investment in public services – the ‘gap’ remains steep and wide (education, health,

well-being, economic success).

Much excellence, less equity – economically unsustainable in a competitive global economy

Strong sense of ‘moral purpose’ – imperative for social inclusion and community cohesion

Cost of not doing it too high- individuals- families- communities- nation

for:

Page 5: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

What are the challenges?

Page 6: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Poverty (and social class) matter

• Despite all efforts, the strongest links between circumstances into which a child is born (socio-economic group) and their adult outcomes.

• The lower the social economic group, the higher the risk of poor outcomes.

• ‘Poor’ circumstances, leading to poor qualifications, transmits poverty across generations.

• Inequality affects us all.

Page 7: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

and it starts early!

0

22 months 4 years 10 years5 years 6 years

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Low SEG Low cog at 22 m.

Low SEG High cog at 22 m.

High SEG Low cog at 22 m.

High SEG High cog at 22 m.

(Reducing Inequalities - NCB 07)

Page 8: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Overall children’s health, educational achievements and general well being are improving

But strong correlation between social class and poverty with:

Low birth weight and poor physical health Poor mental health Poor educational outcomesPoor school attendance High admissions into care Criminal activity record of school at-poor record of school attend

Page 9: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Schools matter

Attainment has risen all round.

Teachers recently qualified are best ever (Ofsted).

Class sizes down, absenteeism down,

post-16 participation up.

98% 3 and 4 year olds accessing early years education and quality improving.

Page 10: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Source: DCSF. GCSE attainment by eligibility for Free School Meals, 2002 to 2008.

Page 11: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Performance gap between advantaged and more disadvantaged pupils, little changed in 10 years.

Those who do least well – poorer white boys, mixed race and black Caribbean boys, Irish travellers.

Page 12: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

• Key Stage 1

FSM 71% in reading (84%) 66% in writing (81%)

• Key Stage 2

FSM 63% in English (80%) 64% in Mathematics (79%) 77% in Science (88%)

• GCSE 27% (5+A*-C inc. English & Maths) 51%Source: DCSF- KS1, KS2 and GCSE attainment by pupil characteristics in England 2008/09

Page 13: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

• Post-16 participation low by international standards (UK 20th out of 28 OECD countries).

• Significant and sustained gaps in participation in full-time education or training based on gender, ethnicity, social class and region.

• 16-19 year olds not in education, employment or training (NEET’s) (11%) and is higher than other developed countries.

Page 14: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Health matters

Infant mortality falling –

But incidence of ‘low birth weight’ rising and high (11% of total) compared to other developed countries - correlates directly with social class and gives rise to poor health, development and educational attainment.

Page 15: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

• Obesity risen by 50% since 1997 (17% of 2-10 year olds and 21% of 11-15 year olds classified as obese, a rise of 10% in last 10 years).

But physical activity increased (60% 80%

5-16 year olds take part in sport in last 3 years).

Page 16: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

• Mental Health declining – (13% 11-16 year old boys and 10% 11-16 girls) had clinically diagnosed mental disorders.

• Children living in lone parent families most vulnerable (19% compared to 9%) as well as those in poorer families (21% compared to 6%).

54% children with emotional disorders come from households with

gross incomes under £300 per week

Page 17: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Teenage pregnancy at lowest level for 20 years but still high compared to other EU countries.

• Sexually transmitted diseases up – diagnosis of Chlamydia up by 34% (2001 – 2005).

Page 18: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

• Young people smoking is significantly associated with being white, low socio economic groups and being excluded from school.

• Drinking is declining but amount of alcohol drunk by those who do, up dramatically

(5 12 units per week 1990–2006).

Drug use has declined since 2001 (20% 17% 11-15 year olds).

• But level of drinking and drugs use amongst 10-16 year olds higher than other EU countries.

Page 19: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Being Safe matters

• Minority of offenders commit majority of offences (7% 10-25 year olds for 83% offences).

• Offenders most likely to be victims (32%).

Rates of death from injury falling, traffic accidents declining.

Instability in care placements falling.

Page 20: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

But...

• The UK has largest proportion of children in custody (as % of prison population) compared to other developed countries.

• 16-19 year olds NEET’s are more likely (15% compared to 5%) to commit offence.

• 25% of all children witnessed domestic violence.

Page 21: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Majority of young people ‘happy’ with their lives (89% of 11-15 year olds) and are ‘moral’ (80% frown on cheating, bullying etc).

Most (93% of 11-15 year olds) enjoy living in their area and feel safe, although this declines at night.

Children Matter

Page 22: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Nearly all teenagers view doing well at school as important…

• But while 94% happy with their families, 71% happy at school but 11% very unhappy at school.

Most 11-15 year olds are happy with their appearance (80%) and their health (90%)

50% 16-24 year olds and 66% 11-15 year year olds ‘volunteer’ in their local communities.

Page 23: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

‘Narrowing the Gap’ has been

A 2 year programme funded by DCSF (Dept for Children, Schools and Families).

Focussing on 0-13 years.

Across all 5 outcomes

Staying Safe Enjoying and achieving Being healthy Making a positive contribution Economic well-being

Page 24: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Included Children from poorer socio-economic groups (including

white ‘working class’ boys)

Children in Care

Children with disabilities

Children with SEN

Children excluded from school Children with poor records of attendance at school

Children from different ethnic minority backgrounds

Young Offenders Young Carers

Children at risk from significant harm

Children living with ‘vulnerable’ adults

30%

Page 25: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

NtG Review brought together: Best research evidence from the UK (and where

relevant abroad) of what works in improving services and outcomes

Worked with 100+

Local Authorities

and 15,000 schools/

health / police...

What does make the difference?

Best quantitative data with which to establish baselines and assess progress improving outcomes

Best validated local experience and practice on strategies and interventions already proved to be most powerful

Page 26: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

The Narrowing the Gap Programme has tried to answer fundamental question?

What is it, if applied universally and pursued relentlessly, would make a significant impact on the outcomes of vulnerable groups of children and young people?

Page 27: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

NCSL Leadership NetworkNational initiative on narrowing the gap

88 groups of leaders (from 8 to 23 in each group)

From 52 local authorities across all government regions

Focussing on wide range of issues and identifying different target groups (leadership skills of middle managers, engaging with parents, looked after children, student voice, transitions, early reading, boys writing, behaviour etc)

Looking at how effective leadership can help to narrow the gap

Starting with Audit tool, moving on to Action plans, recognising challenges and opportunities

Page 28: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Year 1 guidance – areas of focus

Moving towards early intervention and prevention (so that fewer children fall behind the rest)

Engaging and supporting parents and carers in helping their children to succeed

What children’s centres and early years settings can do to ‘narrow the gap’

What schools can do to ‘narrow the gap’

Links between children’s centres, schools and extended services to ‘narrow the gap’

Page 29: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

How to strengthen local leadership and governance arrangements - both professional and political

How to strengthen systems for developing local leaders to deliver improved services based on the understanding of ‘what works’

Year 2 guidance

Page 30: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

NtG Pack

Summary of research and data

Self evaluation tools for each theme

Top 12 Golden Threads

Key messages for local, regional and

national Government

148 case studies of effective local

practice

2 ‘packs’ of Guidance

Page 31: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

What Children’s Centres and Early Years Setting can doIntegrated Frontline Delivery

Integrated Processes

Integrated Strategy

Integrated Governance

All Children (Universal Services)

Vulnerable Children with additional needs

(Targeted Services)

Children with complex, multiple needs

(Intensive Targeted/ Specialist Services)

Children in need of care or protection/acute needs

(Specialist Services)

What needs to be in place between schools and other servicesIntegrated Frontline Delivery

Integrated Processes

Integrated Strategy

Integrated Governance

All Children (Universal Services)

Vulnerable Children with additional needs

(Targeted Services)

Children with complex, multiple needs

(Intensive Targeted/ Specialist Services)

Children in need of care or protection/acute needs

(Specialist Services)

What schools can doIntegrated Frontline Delivery

Integrated Processes

Integrated Strategy

Integrated Governance

All Children (Universal Services)

Vulnerable Children with additional needs

(Targeted Services)

Children with complex, multiple needs

(Intensive Targeted/ Specialist Services)

Children in need of care or protection/acute needs

(Specialist Services)

Effective Practice in engaging parents and carersIntegrated Frontline Delivery

Integrated Processes

Integrated Strategy

Integrated Governance

All Children (Universal Services)

Vulnerable Children with additional needs

(Targeted Services)

Children with complex, multiple needs

(Intensive Targeted/ Specialist Services)

Children in need of care or protection/acute needs

(Specialist Services)

Shifting towards early intervention and prevention

Integrated Frontline Delivery

Integrated Processes

Integrated Strategy

Integrated Governance

All Children (Universal Services)

Vulnerable Children with additional needs

(Targeted Services)

Children with complex, multiple needs

(Intensive Targeted/ Specialist Services)

Children in need of care or protection/

acute needs(Specialist Services)

Page 32: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Top 12 Golden Threads- each supported by Case Studies

from across England

- focussing on governance,strategy, process and

front-line delivery

Page 33: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

You can do it! (Expect the best)

- creating a culture of high aspiration every service, every early years setting, schools,

health centres, libraries, shopping malls, business

- and giving children and parents access to a trusted (dependable) adult (e.g. mentor / health visitor)

No child written off!

Page 34: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Together with parents (“you know your child, we know about children’s services, together we can do better”)

- working in real partnership with parents and families and building on their strengths

- schools support parents to create supportive home learning environments

- ‘doing with, not doing unto’

Page 35: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

…Parental involvement in a child’s schooling is a more powerful force than any other family background indicator such as social class or family size… and contributes to 10% or more of variation in educational achievement…

(Desforges 03)

Page 36: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Through the voice and eyes of the child

- ensuring children and young people’s views are listened to, their participation supported and they help shape services.

- adult services more sensitive to their clients as parents and alert to the needs of children

‘Think Family’

Page 37: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Holding onto the baton

- ensuring as much stability and continuity as possible, in relationships between trusted adults, with children and parents

- managing those transitions that are unavoidable with care (between schools, services)

- Always ‘3-way’ (child / parent / service)

Page 38: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

‘Learning to learn’

- make the building of children’s resilience a major policy objective

- ensure children feel physically and emotional secure, are stimulated and engaged and able to communicate effectively

- accurately identify and assess children at risk of under-achieving , and tailor support to their individual needs

- celebrate success across all areas of learning

Page 39: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

What matters in schools

You can

do it!

Page 40: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

‘Cornflakes to Canoeing’ - extended schools

- taking active steps to make extended services available to disadvantaged or vulnerable children and their families within, and beyond, the school• Breakfast

• After school

• Weekends

• Holidays

• Booster classes

• Sports

• Arts

• Music

• Able and gifted

Page 41: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Extended Services work in ‘disadvantaged’ areas:

Impact on:

Health advice, adult learning, community activities, study support, sport, arts, music, wrap-around childcare

Ref: Dyson study, Manchester University

Page 42: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Unite to succeed – ‘sanity not vanity’

- focus on early intervention/prevention

- locally based, multi-disciplinary teams

- wrapping services around child and family ‘Team around the Child’

- common language, common values, common assessment

Page 43: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Multi-disciplinary Teams

School & Community Hub

Integrated Service Manager

Family SupportWorker

SafeguardingSocial Worker

School Nurse

NeighbourhoodAction Team

Youth Service

Behaviour & Learning Support

EducationWelfare

Primary Mental Health Worker

Health Visitor

School Based Staff

Connexions

Police Sgt

School Improvement

Youth InclusionSupport

Page 44: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

‘Shape up and keep fit’

- re-shaping the workforce and ensuring it is appropriately trained, supported and celebrated!

- trained to work with and communicate with children and families

- understand child development and child protection

Page 45: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Culture not structure

- ensuring structures and processes underpinned by a culture of

co-operation and high aspiration for all children (and all services)

- driven by leaders who ‘walk the talk’

Shared sense of

common purpose

Page 46: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

From good to great – ‘passion withpurpose’

- having transformational leadership in place, political and professional (local and national)

- school leaders who are focussed on narrowing the gap

- a clear vision communicated and communicated.

- planning and processes to back it up and deliver results.

Page 47: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

‘Prove it’ – making change happen

- rigorous planning and performance management

- explicit focus on where the ‘gaps’ are

- shared approaches to this across services, including Health

- underpinned by shared data and information

Page 48: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE
Page 49: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Describe needs of the local community

Vulnerable

Decayed missing or filled teeth Non school attendanceFoundation stage profile Achievement at KS1-4Children attending TCDC SENEthnicity Single Parent FamiliesPoverty Free School MealsMultiple Deprivation Smoking in PregnancyLow Birth-weight babiesInfant MortalityBreastfeedingChildren whose first language is not English

Complex

Children in needLooked After ChildrenChildren excluded from schoolChildren Not in Education Employment or TrainingCAMHSSubstance misuseYoung OffendersTeenage Conceptions

Universal

Numbers of children residentNumber of children on school rollsPopulation projections

Acute

Children in need of protection

Page 50: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

‘It takes a community to raise a child’

- regenerating local communities (improved housing and local employment, play, safe streets)

- open accessible local services

- Council’s/Health services employ local people

- bring together all capital funds for physical and cultural regeneration

Page 51: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Ten steps to heaven!

Page 52: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Key messages for Local Government

Page 53: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

What schools can do....

Aspiration and ambition for every child – evident throughout. School leaders ‘walk the talk’

Explicit focus on NtG – children ‘at risk’ identified / assessed + high quality tailored support

Extended services embedded for all community – sports, arts, lifelong learning

Parents as active partners + given help to support their child’s learning

Emotional resilience + communication taught e.g. SEAL

Children’s views are sought, listened to and acted on

Strong links with health services + every school ‘a healthy school’

Safeguarding + child protection everyone’s business. Lead by senior staff

Children’s success is celebrated – and celebrated!

Page 54: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

54

Centre for Excellence and Outcomes in Children and Young People’s Services

Page 55: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

C4EO helps the Sector make a differenceLocal areas have a

choice in which products and services

will help them

C4EO’s Services

Available across Themes: Early Years DisabilityVulnerable ChildrenChild Poverty SafeguardingSchools and CommunitiesYouthFamilies, Parents & CarersEarly Intervention

Page 56: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

www.c4eo.org.uk

Page 57: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

Suggest local practice examples

Page 58: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE
Page 59: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

The Spirit Level: why more equal societies almost always do betterRichard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett,(Penguin, March 2009)

Comparative evidence gathered from rich countries is presented on each of eleven different health and social problems: physical health, mental health, drug abuse, education, imprisonment, obesity, social mobility, trust and community life, violence, teenage births and child well-being. For all eleven of these health and social problems, outcomes are very substantially worse in unequal societies.

Page 60: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

...Or put another way

If you do what you’ve always done, you’ll get what you’ve always got.

Page 61: Children at risk What it takes to close the gap 1 Christine Davies CBE

020 7843 6358

www.C4EO.org.uk

8 Wakley Street, London, EC1V 7QE

[email protected]

Contact: