Children and ParentingUnit #1

• Parenting 101: Write a journal entry about one of the topics below:– Identify what kind of parent you think you

would be someday.– Determine what you would need to know

about children before becoming a parent.– List resources you could use to learn more

about parenting.

Essential Question Journal Entry #U-1

LEARN ABOUT CHILDREN

Chapter #1

Essential Question Journal Entry #C-1

• Caring: Children of all ages need to be cared for. However, as they get older they need less care. Generate ways to show caring to a one-year-old child you are babysitting.

Learning Targets1. Explain the best way to learn about children.

2. Identify three areas of childhood that researchers have studied.

3. Summarize how children learn and develop important skills.

4. List the stages of development after childhood.

5. Determine why observation is important in the study of child development.

6. Compare and contrast different methods of observation and interpretation.

Principles of Child Development• Development:

– A process that includes growth as well as progress in skills and abilities.

• As children mature, they pass through various stages of development.– During each stage,

development occurs in several areas:

• Physical• Intellectual• Emotional• Social• Moral

• Each child is unique, however, certain basic principles of development can be observed in all children:– Development is sequential:

• From simple to complex• From head to food• From the center of the body

outward

– Development proceeds at an individual rate.

– Development is interrelated.– Development continues

throughout life.

Types of Development, Defined• Physical Development:

– Increases in size and shape along with the increasing ability to control and coordinate body movements.

• Intellectual Development:– The ways children develop language, solve problems, and

remember what they learn.

• Emotional Development:– Learning to recognize feelings and express them appropriately.

• Social Development:– Learning to relate to other people.

• Moral Development:– The process of learning to distinguish between right and wrong.

Factors that Influence Development• Q: Every person has one-of-a-kind qualities– but

where do those qualities come from?• A: Two major factors are at work:

– Heredity:• The biological process by which certain traits are transmitted

from parents to their children.

– Environment:• Refers to all the conditions and circumstances affecting a

person’s daily life.

Child Development Theorists• Early in the 20th century,

physicians and social scientists began studying children and working out theories about their development.– Theory:

• A set of ideas based on observations and analysis.

• Many of the principles set forth by these child development theorists are still relied on today.

• Maria Montessori• Arnold Gesell• B.F. Skinner• Jean Piaget• Lev Vygotsky• Albert Bandura• Erik Erikson• Urie Bronfrenbrenner• Lawrence Kohlberg• Robert Coles

“Child Development Theorists”

Individual Gallery Walk Activity

Child Development Stages• Psychologists and other

experts have observed and reported on the developmental stages that children experience.

• Knowing what to expect during each stage helps parents better understand and respond appropriately to their children’s behavior and needs.

• Infancy:– The stage that begins at birth

and lasts through twelve months.

• Toddler:– One- and two-year-old

children.• Preschool:

– Refers to children who are three, four, and five years of age.

• Middle Childhood• Early Adolescence• Late Adolescence

RESPONSIBILITIES OF PARENTING

Concept #2

Essential Question Journal Entry #C-2

• Responsible Parenting: Until you become a parent, it is impossible to understand all of the responsibilities of parenting. Generate a list of all the additional responsibilities someone gains when they become a parent.

Learning Targets1. Explain who can benefit from knowing about child

development and parenting.

2. Describe the five areas of responsibilities for parents.

3. Identify pressures involved in sexual development.

4. Summarize the benefits of abstinence.

5. Describe the possible consequences of sexual activity.

6. Compare and contrast the options available to a teen parent.

7. Explain what it means to be sexually responsible.

Families Meet Many Needs• Q: In order to become well-adjusted, productive

members of society, what do people need?• A: Family.

– Families are the supportive structure designed to take care of people throughout life.

– They supply what children need to grow and develop.• Needs:

– Required for a person’s survival and proper development.

– A family’s culture influences just how these functions are fulfilled.• Families fulfill needs that are emotional, physical, social, intellectual, and

moral.

What are Emotions?• Emotions:

– The feelings you have in response to thoughts, remarks and events.

• Emotions are usually thought of as positive or negative, depending on the way they make you feel.

• In general, positive emotions, are thought to be good feelings; negative emotions, tend to be considered unpleasant.

Providing Emotional Support• In a family each person feels many

different emotions, which isn’t unusual.• For the well-being of the family, however,

they key is to promote positive emotions and manage negative ones.– One way to promote positive emotions in the

family is through emotional support.

The Need for Support• Emotional Support:

– Everything that families do to help meet the emotional needs of each member.

– Examples:• Giving Sincere Compliments• Listening• Helping Ease Another’s Concerns

– Receiving emotional support from your family has many benefits, including:• Shaping Your Self-Confidence• Helping You Get Through Difficulties

Developing Self-Esteem• One important role of families is to raise self-

confident children who see themselves as capable and of worth.– High Self-Esteem:

• People who see themselves as capable and of worth.

– Low Self-Esteem:• People who doubt their abilities and worth.

• Self-esteem is built on all the experiences a person has in life, but it is first shaped in the family.

Handling Difficult Times• Families also provide emotional support to help

people get through tough times.– Handling problems is easier if you don’t have to deal

with them alone.

• Family members are usually the first to be there when something goes wrong.– Emotionally supportive families offer shelter from the

outside world.– People usually feel that they can be themselves in the

family.

Creating a Family Bond• Emotional links in a family are usually lasting.

– A sense of belonging exists.

• Family members are likely to keep their interest in your life, just as you do in theirs.

• Within the family, people receive affection from each other simply because they are family, not because of talents and skills they have.– Ideally, family members accept and love each other

without conditions.

Taking the First Step• Providing emotional support is a two-way street!

– One person cannot always be the giver and someone else the receiver.

• Adults need emotional support as much as children and teens do.– Closeness in a family depends in part on both giving

and receiving emotional support.

• You can show emotional support in many ways.– Good feelings come with giving emotional support as

well as receiving it.

Shaping Lives in the Family• Within the family, personalities are shaped.

– Personality:• The characteristics that make a person unique.

– Personality comes about in many ways, the family influence is very strong.

• Family interaction plays a major role in how each member sees himself or herself– self-esteem.

Meeting Physical Needs• Physical needs include more than just

providing food, housing, and clothing. • Family members also protect each other

by:– Providing Health Care– Setting Rules

Building Social Skills• Families help people learn how to get along in

society.– Socialization:

• The ability to get along with others in society.

• Through socialization, people learn:– How to get along with others.– What behavior is acceptable where you live.– How to be independent.– What responsibilities you have to your world.

Promoting Intellectual Growth• Families contribute to the intellectual development of all

family members, but their impact on the children is especially important.– The family is a child’s first teacher.

• Families need to be involves in a child’s formal education by:– Attending conferences.– Talking or writing to teachers and administrators.– Supporting teachers in their efforts.– Monitoring schoolwork.– Attending special events.

Meeting Multiple Needs• The functions of the family are linked.• Even simple actions can meet more than

one need.• The methods used don’t matter as much

as making sure the love and consideration provide the backdrop.

Needs vs. Wants• Wants:

– Desired but not essential.– Although your life might not be as pleasant without the want, you

can survive.

• Needs motivate family behavior.– An unmet need commands attention and effort until fulfilled.

• People must recognize what is truly essential for building a strong family.

• Helping your family recognize real needs and then meeting them is part of being a family member.

The Power of Families• Because families are the foundation of society,

they may change as society changes, but they are unlikely to disappear.

• Families have the power to make a difference– to individuals and society.

• It is this power that must be preserved and strengthened, and you can play a part in that effort.

What are Values?• Values:

– Beliefs and principles that are based on ideas about what is right, good, and desirable.

• Individuals and families decide which values are important to them.

• These values may vary from one person or family member to another.

• Value System:– The set of values that you have.– How you spend your time, energy, and money indicates your

values. – Together, these make up your value system.

The Impact of Values

• Some values have more impact than others.

• You choose your own preferences on which values will have the largest impact.

A Moral Code• Moral Code:

– Personal beliefs of what is right and wrong.

• Many choices you might make could have harmful effects for you or for others.

• Common values guide decisions and behavior in positive ways.– When these values are embraced, life is better for

individuals, and society is strengthened.– Common values are also reflected in documents and

laws.

Learning Values

• Values are first learned within the family.• Families are responsible for their members’

moral development– by teaching values that belong in a person’s moral code.

• Families teach values in several ways, including:– Example– Direct Teaching– Religious Training

Developing a Value System• Families provide the foundation for a value

system, but many other influences also have an effect.

• You values are tested every day in many ways.• Many influences affect your thinking in both

positive and negative ways.• It’s important to stay true to your core values in

your moral code.

Guidelines to Follow• As you develop a value system, you need to be prepared

to preserve, defend, adjust, and strengthen you values.– Good judgment will help you.

• Guidelines to use as your develop a value system:– Follow the rules of society.– Choose right over wrong.– Learn from others.– Know what you value.– Contribute to the family value system.

Acting on Values• Values mean nothing without action.

– First you learn them, then you live by them.

• No matter what you say, people soon see your real values through your behavior.– The same principle is true for the family value system.– A family has the responsibility to teach positive

values.• As a family member, you have the responsibility to help put

those values into action.

BUILDING STRONG FAMILIES

Chapter #3

Essential Question Journal Entry #C-3

• Working Together: When families work together to complete household tasks or take care of younger family members, it helps build a strong family. Write a journal entry about a time when you worked together with one or more of your family members.

Learning Targets

1. Summarize the qualities that contribute to building a strong family.

2. Describe the different family structures.

3. Discuss the trends affecting families.

4. List the basic categories of children’s needs.

5. Identify the three parenting styles.

6. Summarize effective ways to guide children’s behavior.

Qualities of Strong Families• Strong families don’t just happen.• They work to refine the skills and qualities they

need to succeed.• In studying families, social scientists have

identified qualities and actions that strong families share and include:– Communicating Effectively– Respecting Each Other– Showing Unity– Spending Time Together

The Family System• Family members, together with their particular

roles, make up the family system.– Family System:

• A web that ties members together.

• Getting along within the family system can be a challenge.

• Understanding and making relationships work can improve life within the family system.

Relating to Parents• Most teens have relationships with one or

more adults who act in a parenting role with them.

• These adult may be parents, stepparents, or legal guardians.

• Most relationships between parents and teens are loving ones.

Understanding Parents• Parent are human!

– They want to do a good job and they don’t want to make mistakes.

• Parents’ Concerns:– Making a living– Providing for you– The family situation– Health– The future– You

• Different Perspectives:– Understanding parents

also hinges on knowing what motivates them.

– They don’t always see things the same way you do– for a good reason.

• Parents were raised in a different era. Their experiences and background are different from yours.

– Listening and asking for help and information makes parents fell good.

“Budgeting Scenario”Whole-Class Hands-On Activity

Talking to Parents• Parents and teens can easily be on different

wavelengths.• By talking to each other, they can know each other

better.• Parents and teens need to talk!• Suggestions to improve communication with parents:

– Take time to get to know your parents.– Try a positive attitude.– Look for easy approaches to difficult topics.– Use humor.

Limits and Rules• Parents don’t set limits and rules for fun.• Enforcing rules is not always easy, but it’s

necessary for several reasons:– They want to be sure the family’s values are carried

out.– Rules can help children develop positive qualities.– Protection

• Parents loosen rules at a pace that they are comfortable with.

Relating to Siblings• Relationships with siblings tend to be the longest

of all family ties; they last as long as the siblings do. – Siblings:

• Brothers and sisters.

• Sisters and brothers in a family usually have very distinct personalities, why?– Heredity– Environment– Birth Order

Managing Sibling Relationships• Studies have shown that siblings do share one trait: they

consistently compare how they are treated in the family.• This problem is natural.• Feelings of being “at odds” with siblings are normal.

– Techniques to get along better with siblings:• Work on settling disagreements with siblings yourself.• Talk about your feelings.• Look for your own strengths instead of comparing yourself to

siblings.• Avoid serious conflict with siblings.

Bibliography

• Sasse, C.R. (2004). “Families today.” Glencoe McGraw-Hill; New York.

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