CHILDHOOD NUTRITION

AND FEEDING

CHILDHOOD NUTRITION

AND FEEDING

Nutrition

Energy

Basal matabolismMaintain basic physiologic activity

Special motility for food digestion peristalsis infant 7%~8% digestion absorption elder children 5%

Nutrition

Physical activity

Growth

Fecal loss

OthersMentality and emotion

Envioronment

Energy

Nutrition

General Energy Needs

Basal metabolism 50%Physical activity 25%Growth 12% Fecal 8%

6~12yrs

Infant 110 kcal/kg

↓every 3 yrs 10kcal/kg

15yrs 60kcal/kg

Nutrition

Essential amino acid

Non-essential amino acid

Recommend amount

Protein

breast milk 2.0g/kg

cow milk 3.5g/kg

vegetative protein 4.0g/kg

Nutrition

Saturated fatty acid

Unsaturated fatty

Linoliec acid →

Free fatty acids

Fats

≥1:2

n- 6 Linoliec

n-3 Linolenic

Nutrition

50%~60%Carbohydrate

1yr 12g/kg/d>2yrs 10g/kg/d

Nutrition

Vitamin

VitAVitD

VitEVitK

VitB

VitC

Fat---soluble Water---soluble

Nutrition

Mineral

Macroelements

Trace elements

Ca

PK

Na

Zn

FeCo

Se

Nutrition

Water

Neonatal 80%1 yr 70%… …Adult 55%~60%

Infant 150ml/kgEvery 3 yrs ↓25ml/kg9 yr 75ml/kgAdult 50ml/kg

Nutrition

Food fiber

Physiological function—prevention constipation

Infant Feeding---Breast feeding

Albumin 白蛋白 ↑Casein 酪蛋白 ↓Taurine 牛磺酸 ↑Glutamate 谷氨酸 ↑　　

Advantages

protein 3 ： 2

Infant Feeding---Breast feeding

Fat Long-chain lipid acid 　↑Linoleic acid 　↑

Carbohydrate Lactose↑

Bacillus bifidus↑

Vitamin A/D/E ↑

Infant Feeding---Breast feeding

minerals

Ca:P （ 2 ： 1 ）--absorption

Fe 50% absorption rate

Zn↑

Infant Feeding---Breast feeding

SIgA ↑

Lactoferrin ↑

Lysozyme ↑

Bifidus ↑

Antibody ↑

Immunization

Bacillus

Infant Feeding---Breast feeding

Natural food

Convenient feeding

Recovering from delivery

Baby-mother attechment

Others

Infant Feeding---Breast feeding

Elements of breast milk in different phase

colostrum: protein transitional milk: lipid

mature milk: stable elements

late milk: protein

0~5d

6~10d

11d~9m

>10m

Infant Feeding---Formula Feeding

Formula milk

Fortified nutrientsFe

Zn

VitA

VitB VitC VitD

…

Infant Feeding---Supplementary Food

2w VitD

4-6m Rice powder

7-9m meshed vegetable 、 meet 、 fruit soft noddle biscuit

10-12m soft rice 、 thick porridge 、 fine-cut vegetable 、 meat 、 bean products etc.

12-24m piece-cut food

24m- normal

Age food

Feeding priciples

Reasonable food arrangement

protein: fat: carbohydrate 1≌ ： 1 ： 4-5

10% 25-30% 50-60%

Food quality Feeding behavior Feeding environment

Evaluation of nutrition condition

History

Nutrition study food investigation evaluation physical examination laboratory test

Standard

Underweight

Stunting

Wasting

W≤-2SD

L≤-2SD

W/L≤-2SD

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