Child DevelopmentPhysical, Intellectual, Emotional,

and Social Changes from Conception to Age 3

Prenatal Health

• A mother’s lifestyle choices during pregnancy affect her child’s health and abilities for life.

• Healthful practices during pregnancy lead to healthy babies and healthy adults: exercise, regular sleep, doctor check-ups, good diet.

• No alcohol, drugs or tobaccowhich can lead to various developmental disorders.

Newborn – Birth to 2 Weeks

• Completely dependent on others for meeting its needs.

Newborn Needs• Sleep 16-20 hours, varying

degree of heaviness• Awake and alert 4-6 hours,

interacts with family http://vimeo.com/4383304 awake http://vimeo.com/670005 Stretch

• Cry 1-2 hours throughout day, Why? http://vimeo.com/3321770 crying

Newborn Needs Continued

• Feed 4-6 oz. breast milk or formula every 2-4 hours

• Change diapers every 2-4 hours• Bath every few days http://vimeo.com/4386973

https://vimeo.com/83432277 happy bath

Infants 2 Weeks to 1 Year

• Most rapid period of growth during life.• Care during first year can affect life long

health.

One Month

Six Months 12 Months

Infant Needs

• Sleep 10-12 hours and 1or 2 naps.• Only breast milk or formula first 4 months. • Food in small portions, soft mushy texture.

http://vimeo.com/5159583 spoon feeding

• People to “talk” to and play with. • Play – soft safe toys. Enjoy noises, textures,

colors and patterns. • “Child Proof” home.

Physical Development

• Triple birth weight by first birthday.• Ability to control body develops from torso to

limbs and from head to feet.• Body proportion different from

others: high body fat %, large head & torso, small limbs

Motor Development Milestones

• 2 months – lifts head with arms http://vimeo.com/34242099 lifts head

• 4 m. – roll from back to side http://vimeo.com/17778430

• 6 m. – sit without supporthttp://vimeo.com/9971273

• 7 m. – crawl http://vimeo.com/20205846 first crawl

http://vimeo.com/2336069 fast crawl

• 11 m. – walk http://vimeo.com/4085671 first walking

Infant Senses

• In Piaget’s sensorimotor stage children learn by exploring the world through their senses.

• Have fuzzy vision at birth.• Smell, touch, hearing,

and taste stronger senses.

• Baby exploring wax paper through senses: http://vimeo.com/9131327

Intellectual Changes

• At birth recognize mother’s voice and scent• By 4 m. understand object permanence

Piaget – objects do not disappear whenout of sight

• By 5 m. imitate adult facial expressions• By 8 m. improved understanding of gravity

http://vimeo.com/1670314 too many toys

• By 8 m. imitate adult actions on objectshttp://vimeo.com/932719 bead track

Intellectual Changes• By 9 m. grasp and manipulate objects in novel

ways. • By 10 m. recognize and imitate sounds of own

language http://vimeo.com/25369416 early sounds

• By 12 m. engage in intentional behaviors, begin categorizing objects. http://vimeo.com/19587555 wipes 1/2

Attachment - Bonding

• Erikson’s basic trust vs. mistrust• Critical for infant to bond with and form a

strong attachment to at least one adult in the first two months of life.

• By 6 months infants have a strong preference for mom.

• By 8 months begin to fear strangers.

Toddlers from 1 to 3

• Children from their first to their third birthday are called toddlers.

Kathleen and Calvin at 20 months.

Cognitive Changes from 1 to 2

• 18 m. use objects in novel ways, group objects, repeat behavior in different environments, more experimental play. http://vimeo.com/96471 (plays with dog) - http://vimeo.com/9764762 (toddlers play in tunnel), http://vimeo.com/9685720 cat

• 24 m. able to find lost object, puts objects into two groups, begin make believe play.

Beginning Language 1 to 2

• 15 m. begin making simple sounds in own language – mama, dada, ball, milk etc. http://vimeo.com/4139473 first words 1/2

• Enjoy songs and begin to imitate words. Twinkle twinkle little star http://vimeo.com/46198017

• By 24 m. can say between 60 – 400 words.• By 24 m. may say 2 word phrases

http://vimeo.com/9685428 Shovel

Physical Growth 1 to 2• By 14 m. can run and walk well. Can walk up

stairs with help. Scribbles. https://vimeo.com/110383760 scribbling http://vimeo.com/9945548 steps

• Can build tower with cubes.• Begin to feed self. http://vimeo.com/7156002 yogurt

• By 2 years can jump and climb well.http://vimeo.com/842646 jumping

Emotional Development 1 to 2• Self awareness and self recognition: 18 m.

recognizes self in picture or mirror, 24 m. can describe self as “little”, “boy”, “brown hair.”

• Desire for autonomy: want to complete tasks on own, stubborn, may have tantrums. http://vimeo.com/38038356 frustrated, http://vimeo.com/46678926 want s cookie,

Socialization from 1 to 2

• Socialization is the process by which children learn to interact with people in their culture.

• Family most important social group. http://vimeo.com/21425 love you siblings

• Piaget’s egocentric view on life (self-centered).• Enjoy repetition of behavior, copying others.

http://vimeo.com/911723 piano, http://vimeo.com/8636686 exercising

• Begin to imitate social behaviors of others. • Begin to play alongside and

with other children.http://vimeo.com/26141902 screaming http://vimeo.com/27990569 holding hands

Toddlers from 2 to 3

• Language and physical advancements make 2 year olds less like babies and more like children.

Daniel at Halloween 2010 2.1 years old

Physical Growth 2 to 3

• Overall growth rate slows down. Less body fat.

• Can run, kick, jump, and climb well.http://vimeo.com/818366 kicking ball

• Throws ball with poor accuracy.• Usually cannot catch ball.• Can feed self with minimal mess.• Needs help to get dressed.• May be toilet trained.

http://vimeo.com/32427770 potty incentive

Intellectual Development 2 to 3

• Imitate behaviors of older children ( Vygotsky, More Knowledgeable Other MKO).

• Can build puzzle of about 16 pieces.• Recognize and names colors, shapes.• Knows some numbers and letters.• Make believe play becomes more important.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QH2Uu_eqHtU Elmo Doctor

• Curious and interested in experimenting with objects. http://vimeo.com/165691 Stick

Language Development 2 to 3• By 30 m. saying new words daily, understands

words of other’s very well, may make frequent grammatical errors. http://vimeo.com/5135962 PB&J

• By 3 years, says up to 1000 words, 80% intelligible. http://vimeo.com/6216524 talking https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMxCemQVgSU mangos

• Enjoy listening to stories with simple language, bright colors and pictures. Helpsprepare children for learning to read.

• Enjoy songs

Emotional Development 2 to 3

• Need to be independent grows and may lead to frustration when not successful.

• Self regulation improves – ability to know what is right and wrong behavior and choose the right behavior. https://vimeo.com/810433 ask nicely

• Curiosity may be stronger than self regulation.

Socialization 2 to 3• Play may be rough. May still push and take

toys away from others. https://vimeo.com/1434042 robot

• Begin to understand social rules and roles.• Some desire to please adults. http://vimeo.com/348275 cinnamon

• Enjoys playing with other children and older siblings. https://vimeo.com/5078860 trucks http://vimeo.com/17461196 dinner

Review

• Any empty lines on handout? • More questions about newborns, infants or

toddlers?• First quiz will cover this information and

Theories of Development PowerPoint.• Notes will be checked and graded.