Child DevelopmentChild DevelopmentUnit 1Unit 1

The Study of ChildrenThe Study of Children

Tonja BoldingLakeside High School

1.1 Match terms related to the study of children1.1 Match terms related to the study of children

1. 1. adolescenceadolescence - -

2. 2. child developmentchild development - -

3. 3. emotional developmentemotional development - -

4. 4. environmentenvironment - -

5. 5. Freud, SigmundFreud, Sigmund - -

6. 6. heredityheredity - -

7. 7. individual life cycleindividual life cycle - -

the period of great growth and change between the period of great growth and change between childhood and adulthoodchildhood and adulthood

the study of how children grow andthe study of how children grow and change physically, intellectually, change physically, intellectually, emotionally, socially and morally emotionally, socially and morally

a developmental process that a developmental process that refers to the ability to experience, refers to the ability to experience, express, and control emotionsexpress, and control emotions

a person’s surroundings and everything in them,a person’s surroundings and everything in them, including both human and non-human factorsincluding both human and non-human factors

Austrian psychiatrist whose theory states Austrian psychiatrist whose theory states that a person's early emotional experiences that a person's early emotional experiences affect adult life profoundlyaffect adult life profoundly

the sum of all the qualities a person inherits from the sum of all the qualities a person inherits from his or her parents at birth.his or her parents at birth.

a series of stages a person passes a series of stages a person passes through during his or her lifetime. through during his or her lifetime.

unit 1 terms continuedunit 1 terms continued

8. 8. infancyinfancy - -

9. 9. intellectual developmentintellectual development - -

10. 10. Montessori, MariaMontessori, Maria – –

11. 11. Montessori School-Montessori School-

12. 12. moral developmentmoral development – –

13. 13. observationobservation – –

period of childhood from birth up to one year period of childhood from birth up to one year

a developmental process that a developmental process that refers to the growth of the brain refers to the growth of the brain and the use of mental skillsand the use of mental skills

Italian educator whose theory states Italian educator whose theory states childrenchildren learn best through their senseslearn best through their senses pursuing their own interests at their own pursuing their own interests at their own rateratea school providing children freedom within a school providing children freedom within limits by a rather structured approach, and limits by a rather structured approach, and a fixed method in which materials are a fixed method in which materials are presentedpresented

an act of recognizing and recording behavior. an act of recognizing and recording behavior.

developmental process that refers to the developmental process that refers to the ability to know right from wrongability to know right from wrong

unit 1 terms continuedunit 1 terms continued

14. 14. physical developmentphysical development – –

15. 15. Piaget, Jean-Piaget, Jean-

16. 16. preschooler-preschooler-

17. 17. school age-school age-

18. 18. social development-social development-

19. 19. theory-theory-

20. 20. toddler-toddler-

a developmental process that refers a developmental process that refers to the physical growth of a person’s to the physical growth of a person’s body body

the first to study children in a scientific way; the first to study children in a scientific way; he said that children go through four stages of he said that children go through four stages of thinking and should be given learning tasks thinking and should be given learning tasks suitable for each stagesuitable for each stage

period of childhood from three to five years of age period of childhood from three to five years of age

a child old enough to attend school. Ages 5-12. a child old enough to attend school. Ages 5-12.

a developmental process that refers to thea developmental process that refers to the way people relate to others around themway people relate to others around them

a scientifically acceptable principle followed as the basis a scientifically acceptable principle followed as the basis of actionof action

period of childhood from one to three years of age period of childhood from one to three years of age

1.2 State characteristics of development1.2 State characteristics of development

Development is similar for everyoneDevelopment is similar for everyone..Children go throughChildren go through the same stages in the same order.the same stages in the same order.

Development builds on earlier learningDevelopment builds on earlier learning..Development follows a step-by-step pattern.Development follows a step-by-step pattern.

Development proceeds at an individual rateDevelopment proceeds at an individual rate

The rate of growth differs from one child to another.The rate of growth differs from one child to another. The different areas of development are The different areas of development are

interrelatedinterrelated..Changes in many areas are taking place at the same time.Changes in many areas are taking place at the same time.

Development is continuous throughout life.Development is continuous throughout life.

The rate of development changes, but never stops.The rate of development changes, but never stops.

1.3 Name reasons for studying child development1.3 Name reasons for studying child development

1. to understand children1. to understand children

2. to gain skills2. to gain skills

3. to build for the future3. to build for the future

4. to understand yourself4. to understand yourself

1.4 Identify 5 basic areas of child development1.4 Identify 5 basic areas of child development

1.1. emotional developmentemotional development (a developmental (a developmental process that refers to the ability to experience, process that refers to the ability to experience, express, and control emotions) express, and control emotions)

2.2. intellectual developmentintellectual development (a developmental (a developmental process that refers to the growth of the brain process that refers to the growth of the brain and the use of mental skills)and the use of mental skills)

3.3. moral developmentmoral development (developmental process (developmental process that refers to the ability to know right from that refers to the ability to know right from wrong) wrong)

4.4. physical developmentphysical development (a developmental (a developmental process that refers to the physical growth of a process that refers to the physical growth of a person’s body)person’s body)

5.5. social developmentsocial development (a developmental (a developmental process that refers to the way people relate to process that refers to the way people relate to others around them)others around them)

1.5 Match stages in the individual life cycle with the correct age range1.5 Match stages in the individual life cycle with the correct age range

infant infant - birth to one year- birth to one yeartoddler toddler - 1 to 3 years- 1 to 3 yearspreschooler preschooler - 3 to 5 years- 3 to 5 yearsschool age school age - 5 to 12 years- 5 to 12 yearsadolescence adolescence -childhood to -childhood to

adulthoodadulthood

1.6 Describe influences of heredity and environment1.6 Describe influences of heredity and environment

HeredityHeredity is the sum of all the qualities a is the sum of all the qualities a person inherits from his or her parents at person inherits from his or her parents at birth.birth.– eye color and shapeeye color and shape

EnvironmentEnvironment includes a person’s includes a person’s surroundings and everything in them, surroundings and everything in them, including both human and non-human including both human and non-human factors. factors. – family and friendsfamily and friends– home and communityhome and community– life experienceslife experiences

1.7 Designate guidelines for observing children1.7 Designate guidelines for observing children

1. blend into the background1. blend into the background

2. don’t ask questions2. don’t ask questions

3. record facts, not feelings3. record facts, not feelings

4. take action if necessary 4. take action if necessary

1.8 Describe theories related to child development1.8 Describe theories related to child development

Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud - Austrian psychiatrist - Austrian psychiatrist whose theory states that a person's early whose theory states that a person's early emotional experiences affect adult life emotional experiences affect adult life profoundlyprofoundly– IdId is the source of psychological and physical is the source of psychological and physical

tension that does not think or reason.tension that does not think or reason.– Ego Ego is the part of the personality that deals with is the part of the personality that deals with

logic and controlled behavior.logic and controlled behavior.– SuperegoSuperego is a persons moral code. is a persons moral code.

1856-19391856-1939

Maria MontessoriMaria Montessori - Italian educator - Italian educator whose theory states children learn best whose theory states children learn best thought their senses pursuing their own thought their senses pursuing their own interests at their own rateinterests at their own rate

Responsible for the development of the Responsible for the development of the Montessori School. Montessori School. (a school providing (a school providing children freedom within limits children freedom within limits

by a rather structured approach, by a rather structured approach, and a fixed method in which and a fixed method in which materials are presented) materials are presented)

1870-19521870-1952

Jean PiagetJean Piaget - the first to study children in a scientific - the first to study children in a scientific way; he said that children go thought four stages of way; he said that children go thought four stages of thinking and should be given learning tasks suitable for thinking and should be given learning tasks suitable for each stage each stage

– Sensorimotor StageSensorimotor Stage-children learn about the world -children learn about the world through their senses and body movementthrough their senses and body movement

– Preoperational StagePreoperational Stage-children learn mostly by using -children learn mostly by using language and mental imageslanguage and mental images

– Concrete OperationalConcrete Operational-children learn to solve more -children learn to solve more complex problems and use basic knowledgecomplex problems and use basic knowledge

– FormalFormal Operational-the ability to think through Operational-the ability to think through complex problemscomplex problems

1896-19801896-1980

Erik Erickson-studied social and emotional Erik Erickson-studied social and emotional development over the lifespandevelopment over the lifespan

Stage I Trust vs. Mistrust Stage I Trust vs. Mistrust Stage II Autonomy (independence) vs. ShameStage II Autonomy (independence) vs. ShameStage III Initiative (ambition) vs. GuiltStage III Initiative (ambition) vs. GuiltStage IV Industry (capacity to make a productive effort) vs. InferiorityStage IV Industry (capacity to make a productive effort) vs. InferiorityStage V Identity vs. Role Confusion (not seeing self as worthy)Stage V Identity vs. Role Confusion (not seeing self as worthy)Stage VI Intimacy (special closeness to people) vs. IsolationStage VI Intimacy (special closeness to people) vs. IsolationStage VII Generativity (concern for future generations) vs. StagnationStage VII Generativity (concern for future generations) vs. StagnationStage VIII Integrity (sense of satisfaction) vs. DespairStage VIII Integrity (sense of satisfaction) vs. Despair

1902-19941902-1994

Self-Actualization

personal potentialself-fulfillment

personal growth

Esteemself-esteem, achievement,

independence, status, prestige,

Love and Acceptance family, affection, relationships

Safety and Security security, order, law, limits

Physical air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sleep, etc

Abraham

Maslow’s Hierarchy of

Needs

Abraham Maslow devised a system for studying human needs

1908-1970

Lawrence Kohlberg studied moral Lawrence Kohlberg studied moral development and divided it into development and divided it into

3 stages:3 stages:

preconventional levelpreconventional level– children behave in a way to avoid punishment or children behave in a way to avoid punishment or

gain rewardsgain rewards conventional levelconventional level

– child’s decisions are shaped by approval or child’s decisions are shaped by approval or disapproval and do not have to be punished to disapproval and do not have to be punished to stop their behaviorstop their behavior

postconventional levelpostconventional level– Behaviors are based on abstract principles of right Behaviors are based on abstract principles of right

and wrongand wrong

1927-1987

ReferencesReferences

textbook-textbook-Parents and Their ChildrenParents and Their Children

1.1 Match terms related to the study of children1.1 Match terms related to the study of children1. 1. adolescenceadolescence - the period of great growth and change between - the period of great growth and change between

childhood and adulthood childhood and adulthood 2. 2. child developmentchild development - the study of how children grow and - the study of how children grow and

change physically, intellectually, emotionally, socially and change physically, intellectually, emotionally, socially and morally morally

3. 3. emotional developmentemotional development - a developmental process that refers - a developmental process that refers to the ability to experience, express, and control emotions to the ability to experience, express, and control emotions

4. 4. environmentenvironment - a person’s surroundings and everything in them, - a person’s surroundings and everything in them, including both human and non-human factorsincluding both human and non-human factors

5. 5. Freud, SigmundFreud, Sigmund - Austrian psychiatrist whose theory states - Austrian psychiatrist whose theory states that a person's early emotional experiences affect adult life that a person's early emotional experiences affect adult life profoundlyprofoundly

6. 6. heredityheredity - the sum of all the qualities a person inherits from his - the sum of all the qualities a person inherits from his or her parents at birth. or her parents at birth.

7. 7. individual life cycleindividual life cycle - a series of stages a person passes - a series of stages a person passes through during his or her lifetime. They are: Infancy, Toddler, through during his or her lifetime. They are: Infancy, Toddler, Preschool, School Age, and Adolescent. Preschool, School Age, and Adolescent.

8. 8. infancyinfancy - period of childhood from birth up to one year - period of childhood from birth up to one year 9. 9. intellectual developmentintellectual development - a developmental process that - a developmental process that

refers to the growth of the brain and the use of mental skillsrefers to the growth of the brain and the use of mental skills10. 10. Montessori, MariaMontessori, Maria - Italian educator whose theory states - Italian educator whose theory states

childrenchildren learn best through their senses pursuing their own interests learn best through their senses pursuing their own interests at their own rateat their own rate

11. 11. Montessori SchoolMontessori School - a school providing children freedom within - a school providing children freedom within limits by a rather structured approach, and a fixed method in which limits by a rather structured approach, and a fixed method in which materials are presented materials are presented

12. 12. moral developmentmoral development - developmental process that refers to the - developmental process that refers to the ability to know right from wrong ability to know right from wrong

13. 13. observationobservation - an act of recognizing and recording behavior. - an act of recognizing and recording behavior. 14. 14. physical developmentphysical development - a developmental process that refers to - a developmental process that refers to

the physical growth of a person’s body. This growth affects height, the physical growth of a person’s body. This growth affects height, weight, and internal body systems. weight, and internal body systems.

15. 15. Piaget, JeanPiaget, Jean - the first to study children in a scientific way; he said - the first to study children in a scientific way; he said that children go through four stages of thinking and should be that children go through four stages of thinking and should be given learning tasks suitable for each stage given learning tasks suitable for each stage

16. 16. preschoolerpreschooler - period of childhood from three to five years of age. - period of childhood from three to five years of age. 17. 17. school ageschool age - a child old enough to attend school. Ages 5-12. - a child old enough to attend school. Ages 5-12. 18. 18. social developmentsocial development - a developmental process that refers to the - a developmental process that refers to the

way people relate to others around themway people relate to others around them19. 19. theorytheory - a scientifically acceptable principle followed as the basis of - a scientifically acceptable principle followed as the basis of

actionaction 20. 20. toddlertoddler - period of childhood from one to three years of age - period of childhood from one to three years of age

– hair and skin colorhair and skin color– height and bone structureheight and bone structure– gender (XX girl, XY boy)gender (XX girl, XY boy)