Child Care and Early Edcuation in Oregon:

Current Status & Trends

Oregon Child Care Research Partnership

Researchers RoundtableOctober 31, 2006

Key Aspects of Child Care and Early Education Supply

• Child care and early education captures arrangements made for care and education of young children and before/after school care for school age children

• Term “child care” used for ease of communication• Demand—the arrangements families make for their

children• Supply—the number of available slots of center and

family child care • Child care market—the portion of the child care supply

that is for pay, active, and available to community children• Prices—the amount market providers charge families• Availability—amount of market care available to families

Primary Care Arrangement of U.S. Children under Age 5: 2002

Other centers, 19%

Head Start/school, 5%

Relative, 32%

In-home, 4%

Family Child Care, 6%

Parental Care Only, 55%

Source: Johnson, J.O. (2005). Who’s Minding the Kids? Child Care Arrangements, Winter 2002..(U.S. Census Bureau P70-101). Washington DC: U.S. Deparment of Commerce

Primary Paid & Unpaid Child Care Arrangements of

Oregon Children Under 5: 2004

Parental60%

Center14%

Family Child Care7%

Relative12%

IH NonRel

7%

I

Source: Oregon Population Survey, 2004

Comparison of Paid and Unpaid Care of Children in US and Oregon

Other centers, 19%

Head Start/school, 5%

Relative, 32%

In-home, 4%Family Child Care,

6%

Parental Care Only, 55%

Parental60%

Center14%

Family Child Care

7%

Relative12%

IH NonRel7%

I

Sources: U.S. Census and Oregon Population Survey

Note: Differences in survey questions and designs limit comparability

Primary Paid Care Arrangement of Oregon Children Under Age 5: 2004

Parental & Other

NonPaid Care70%

Center14%

Family Child Care7%

Relatives5%

IH NonRel4%

Source: Oregon Child Care Research Partnership. (2006). Oregon Population Survey 2004

Family types of children birth to age13 vary by county type, percentage with

employed parents does not vary

Source: Analysis or Oregon Population Survey 2004, Family Policy Program,Oregon State University

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Oregon Nonmetro

Cple-1 em

Cple-2 em

Emp sngl-solo

Emp sngl-shared

No par emp

Emp par

Amount and type of paid care used varies by county type: Oregon children (birth to 13)

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

Oregon Metro Nonmetro

Center

I-H nonrel

I-H rel

Rel home

FCC

Grp Actvty

Source: Analysis or Oregon Population Survey 2004, Family Policy Program,Oregon State University

Regulated by CCD and Enrolled by R&R69,480 Slotsadditional 582 providers were regulated but not giving care as of June 2004 or could not be reached

103,777 Slots

Enrolled with R&R and Exempt from Regulation 22,780 Slots plus 450 exempt and not enrolled known to R&R23,230

Regulated by CCD and Not Enrolled with R&R11,067 Slots

Market care is:1. For pay,2. Available to community children, and3. Available as ofJune 2004.Market providersare “open for business”.

Oregon Child Care Market 2004

Sources: Child Care Division and Oregon Child Care Resource and Referral Databases, June 30, 2004

Rough estimate of primary caregivers of children birth to age 13

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

Oregon Metro Nonmetro

Unemp par

Paid care

Unpaid ffn

Assumes parent is primary caregiver if parent is not employed.Source: Oregon Population Survey 2004,

Estimated number of children birth to age 13 in different types of primary care

Unemployed parent 241,539

Paid child care 167,572

Unpaid family, friend, and neighbor

218,263

Total number of Oregon children under age 13

627,374

Assumes parent is primary caregiver if parent is not employed and that child not with either parent or paid caregiver is in unpaid FFN care.Sources: Oregon Population Survey 2004 and Population Research Center,Portland State University.

Family, friend, and neighbors (FFN) represent majority of nonparental caregivers

Source Centers FCC Paid FFN

Unpaid FFN

OCCRP 1,446 5,903 NA NA

OPS-supply estimate

Regular basis

8,977

Not regular

13,898

NA

OPS-demand estimate

72,754*

Assumes 3 children per family, friend or neighbor caregiverSource: Databases of OCCRRN & CCD, Oregon Population Survey

Child Care Trends 1990 to 2006

Trends in Child Population: 1990 to 2004

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

1990 1991 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004Year

0-45-- 910--12

Sources: Center for Population and Census, Portland State University, except for 1996 and1998 when population estimates were made by the Oregon Department of Administrative Services

Num

ber

of C

hild

ren

Trends in Child Care Demand in Oregon: Children ages birth to

13

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Center Family ChildCare

In-home Relative'shome

Other All paid care

1992199419961998200020022004

Source: Oregon Population Survey.

Note:In 1992 paid relatives were included in either In-Home or Family Child Care depending on where care was given.

Trends in Demand for Center and Family Child Care and Employment of Females

Aged 18 to 39

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Ch

ild c

are

slot

s

Center Care

Sources: Oregon Population Survey .and Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Oregon Employment Department

Family Care

Center & FCC

Employment of Females 18 to 39

Trends in Supply of Center and Family Child Care

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Ch

ild c

are

slot

s Center Care Family Care

Source: Combination of CCR&R data and CCD Regulatory Data.

Child Care Market Supply and Demand

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Ch

ild C

are

Slo

ts

DemandSupply

Center and Family Child Care for Children under Age 13

1 Demand data for 1990 collected for children under age 16. Although we adjusted for the additional three years, since child care usage is greatest for children under age 5, this number overestimates child care demand. The 1990 supply estimate is an underestimate as not all of the state was covered by an R&R.

Sources: Oregon Population Survey, combined CCD Regulatory and R&R data.

1

Trends in Child Care Market Prices

$1.00

$1.20

$1.40

$1.60

$1.80

$2.00

$2.20

$2.40

$2.60

$2.80

$3.00

1994 1999 2000 2002 2004 2006

Family Care Hourly Prices at 75th Percentile

Infant

Toddler

Preschool

$100.00

$200.00

$300.00

$400.00

$500.00

$600.00

$700.00

$800.00

$900.00

1994 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Center Care Monthly Prices at 75th Percentile

Preschool

ToddlerInfant

Sources: Oregon Child Care Market Rate 1994, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2004, and 2006.

1

Trends in Prices and Demand

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

$700

$800

$900

$1,000

1994 1999 2000 2002 2004 2006

Full Time Toddler Prices at 75th Percentile

Center Care

Family Care

Sources: Oregon Child Care Market Rate and Oregon Population Survey.

1 0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Demand for Child Care SlotsCenter and Family Care

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

$700

$800

$900

$1,000

1994 1999 2000 2002 2004 2006

Family Care

Center Care

Trends in Prices and Supply

Full Time Toddler Prices at 75th Percentile

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

1994 1998 2000 2002 2004

Center Care

Family Care

Supply of Child Care Slots

Sources: Oregon Child Care Market Rate and combination of CCR&R data and CCD Regulatory Data.

1

Availability of Market Child Care: Changes in Supply Benchmark

181718

20212120

19

16161515

14

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1990 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2004

Slot

s pe

r 10

0 K

ids

State Goal = 25 slots per 100 children

Sources: Center for Population Research and Census at Portland State University and combined CCD Regulatory and CCR&R data.

Availability by Selected Counties: Changes in Supply

Benchmark

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1998 2000 2001 2002 2004

Slo

ts p

er 1

00 k

ids

Lane

BentonMultnomah

DeschutesMalheur

CurryGilliam

State Goal = 25 slots per 100 kids

Sources: Center for Population Research and Census at Portland State University and combined CCD Regulatory and CCR&R data.