Chi to Plant in Agriculture

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ChitoPlant Application Aspects of Chitosan in

AgricultureDr. Sebastian Thiem

ChiPro GmbH, BremenGermany

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.chipro.de/




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ChiPro GmbH - Business concept and idea

Cooperative development of natural and sustainable products

CosmeticsMedicine

Veterinary medicine

Agriculture

Textile

Biotechnology






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Product focus

Chitosan/Chitin Extracts Algae/Seaweed

Essential oils Herbs/Spices






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Properties and use of Chitosan

• Antimicrobial• Antiviral• Can form fibres and films• Anti-inflammatory• Immune stimulating• Promotes wound-healing• Elicitor

Cosmetic Applications

Medical Applications

Clothing

Agricultural Applications






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• Plant strengthener• 99.9% Chitosan, 0.05% Boron, 0.05% Zinc• Yield increase• Resistance against pathogens• Healthier Plants

ChitoPlant






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• Cell walls of funghi• Crabshells

Natural occurence of Chitosan

Demineralization, deprotenation

Deacetylation

Crab Shells

Chitosan

Chitin






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What is Chitosan ?

• Kationic Biopolymer • Colorless• Amorph• High charge density• nontoxic, biodegradable






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Elicitor: A substance that triggers defense mechanisms in a plant.

Polysaccharides, small proteins, or lipids associated with fungal or bacterial cell walls, internal molecules, e.g. Salicylic acid, Jasmonates, Ethylene

Chitosan in agriculture - Elicitor function






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Chitosan naturally occurs in the cell wall of many funghi and thus is recognized by the plant as a „pathogen“ and can act as an exogeneous elicitor.

Chitosan in agriculture - Elicitor function






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Induction of plant resistance reactions

Taken from : David A Jones and Daigo Takemoto, Current Opinion in Immunology 2004, 16:48-62






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• Complex and composed of multiple layers of defence:– Biochemical and genetical reactions, e.g.:

• Expression of Chitinases and Chitosanases Destruction of fungal cell wall

• Sythesis of Phytoalexins Antibiotic properties• Production of Hydrogenperoxide Toxic• Enhanced growth

– Physical and physiological reactions e.g.:• Reduced opening times of stomata Hinders intrusion of several funghi• Lignification of cell walls Increases physical barrier• Changes in ultrastructure of roots and leafes Hinders intrusion of

several funghi

Plant defense reactions






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• ChitoPlant acts as an elicitor• ChitoPlant triggers plant resistance reactions

ChitoPlant strengthens the plants against infections with pathogens

ChitoPlant increases plant growth and root formation

ChitoPlant – Mode of action






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ChitoPlant application in Strawberries

Yield increase






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Strawberry variety: Elsanta, 15-18cm Rhizome diameter, Frigo plants

Treatment regime: • Dipping the whole plant for 10 minutes in 0.05% ChitoPlant Solution directly before

planting• Band spraying 2 days after planting: 20cm width, 100ml 0.05% ChitoPlant solution per

meter• Leaf spraying from timepoint of sprouting: Dripping wet every 14 days until harvest,

0.05% ChitoPlant solution

Trials where done in four replicates.

EvaluationTotal yield increase compared to untreated control

Trial details






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90.00

95.00

100.00

105.00

110.00

115.00

120.00

Total yield increase in %

KontrolleChitoPlant Behandlung

Ertr

agss

teig

erun

g (%

)

Field trial Landwirtschaftskammer Weser Ems 2003, Dr. R. Faby

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

Yield increase in g/Plant

KontrolleChitoPlant Behand-lung

Ertr

ag (g

/Pfla

nze)






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Field trial ChiPro GmbH, 2004

90.000

95.000

100.000

105.000

110.000

115.000

120.000

125.000



Ertr

agss

teig

erun

g (%

)






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90.00

100.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

140.00

150.00



Ertr

agss

teig

erun

g (%

)






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1. Ernte 2. Ernte 3. Ernte 4. Ernte90.00

100.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

140.00

150.00

160.00

170.00

180.00

Yield increase in % per harvest

KontrolleChitoPlant

Ertr

agss

teig

erun

g (%

)






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ChitoPlant application in Strawberries

Protection against post-harvest diseases






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Experimental details:• Dipping of single strawberry fruits in 1% (w/v) ChitoPlant in destilled Water for 1

minute Control: Water, pH5.6 with 0,05 % (w/v) Triton X-100. • Air drying for 1 h• Storage of single fruits in plasticboxes for 3 days @ 20°C, 95-98% humidity • 5 repeats

Reference: Romanazzi G. , Santini M., Murolo S., Landi L., 2007. Antimicrobial and eliciting activity of chitosan in the control of gray mold of strawberries in storage. Proc. COST 924 "Novel approaches for the control of postharvest diseases and disorders", Bologna, 403-408 (European Cooperation in the field of Science and Technical Research)

ChitoPlant effect against Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer






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ChitoPlant effect against Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer

Kontrolle Botrytis cinerea Rhizopus stolonifer0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Reduction of mold infection by Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer (Gray mold)

Befa

ll in

%






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ChitoPlant application in potatoes

Yield increase






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Potatoe variety: Cilena

Treatment regime: • Potatoes are sprayed with 0.05% ChitoPlant solution during

sowing with sowing machine• Trials have been performed according to EPPO guideline 1/32

(Rhizoctonia solani on potatoe)

EvaluationTotal yield increase compared to untreated control

Trial details






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Yield increase potatoes in dt/ha

299

338

430

489

397

469

376

432

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

--Control

1,5+4,0Risolex fl.+

Dithane NeoTec

342493

406414

1,5Risolex fl.

342505

479442

0,05ChitoPlant

SMK01E01dt/haNIK01E01dt/ha

WEK01E01dt/haAveragedt/ha

GD5%=69,8

GD5%=52,9

GD5%=54,2

Field trial Spiess Urania, 2002

Yield increase: 17,5%






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90

95

100

105

110

115

120

Yield increase potatoes in %

Behandlung mit konventionellen ChemikalienChitoPlant Behandlung

Ertr

agss

teig

erun

g (%

)

Field trial Agrarfrost GmbH & Co.KG, 2002

Yield increase: 17 %






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Field trial University Rostock (organic), 2002

90

95

100

105

110

115

120



Ertr

agss

teig

erun

g (%

)







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Field trial University Newcastle (organic), 2002

90

95

100

105

110

115

120



Ertr

agss

teig

erun

g (%

)







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ChitoPlant application in potatoes

Protection against diseases






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Potatoe variety: Princess

Treatment regime: • Combined seed and leaf treatment• Potatoes are sprayed with 0.1% ChitoPlant solution during sowing• Spraying of leaves with 0.1% ChitoPlant solution every 10 days until harvest

Evaluation

Rating of infestation and severity of Phytophtora infestans, Streptomyces scabies and Rhizoctonia solani, respectively

Trial details






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Field trial University Rostock, 2002(Phytophtora infestans and Streptomyces scabies)

Krautfäulebefall in %0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Unbehandelte KontrolleBlattbehandlungPflanzgutbehandlungKombinierte Pflanzgut- und Blattbehandlung

Schorfbefall Boniturnote0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Unbehandelte Kon-trolleBlattbehandlungPflanzgutbehandlungKombinierte Pflanzgut- und Blat-tbehandlung






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Field trial University Kassel, 2006/7(Rhizoctonia solani)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

10-15%

5-10%

1-5 %

0-1 %

0%

10-15% 12,4 0,9 11,2 15 9,4 6,6 1,6 1,7

5-10% 16,1 13,9 36,4 24,2 22,1 25 38,6 17,5

1-5 % 23,3 18,3 29,9 24,2 30,2 21,3 26,8 13,3

0-1 % 14,5 19,1 9,3 20,3 21,5 13,2 14,2 7,5

0% 33,7 47,8 13,1 16,3 16,8 33,8 18,9 60

Var7 Var4 Var3 Var2 Var5 Var6 Kontrolle Var8

Var. 4: 0,1% ChitoPlant






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ChitoPlant application in Apples

Protection against diseases






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Trial detailsTrials are ongoing with University of Konstanz in the context of a governmental supported program against Erwinia amylovora (Fire blight).

Two in vitro testsystems:






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Results from in vitro trials 2010

Trials are repeated 2011in vitro and in the field






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Thank you !



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Chi to Plant in Agriculture