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CHI 101Introduction

Pinyin and Tones

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Chinese Syllable Structure

Initial + (Medial) + Final +Tone

Initial - Consonants: b,p,m,f,d,t,n,l.…etc.Medial - i, u, üFinal - Vowels: a,e,i,u,o,ai,ao,ou…etc.

(+ n/ng ending)

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1. Simple Finals

a -- central vowelo -- rounded semi-high back vowele -- unrounded semi-high back voweli* -- unrounded high front vowelu -- rounded high back vowelü -- rounded high front vowel

* Lose “i” sound after z,c,s and zh,ch,sh,r

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2. Initials (consonants)There are 21 initials in Chinese. They can be divided into three major types:

Type I: Followed by most of the finals (vowels)Unaspirated stop Aspirated stop Nasal Fricative Voiced continuant

Labial b p m f wAlveolar d t n lVela; glottal g k h

Type II: Followed by /i/ or /_/ onlyDental; Palatal j q x yType III: Followed by /a/,/e/,/u/ and /i/ -> alveolar front after z,c,s and alveolar back after zh,ch,sh,rDental sibilant z c sRetroflex zh ch sh r

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• Complete Pinyin Chart:http://chinese.yabla.com/chinese-pinyin-

chart.php• Apps: AllSet Learning Pinyin

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3. Basic Combinations

a o e i u üb ba bo bi bu

p pa po pi pum ma mo mi muf fa fo fud da de di dut ta te ti tun na ne ni nu nül la le li lu lüg ga ge guk ka ke kuh ha he hu

a o e i u üj ji juq qi qux xi xuzh zha zhe zhi zhuch cha che chi chush sha she shi shur re ri ruz za ze zi zuc Ca ce ci cus sa se si su

Finals

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4. Compound Finals (1): ai, ei, ao, ou

ai ei ao oub bai bei baop pai pei pao poum mai mei mao mouf feid dai dei dao dout tai tao toun nai nei naol lai lei lao loug gai gei gao gouk kai kao kouh hai hao hou

ai ei ao oujqxzh zhai zhao zhouch chai chao choush shai shei shao shour rao rouz zai zao zouc cai cao cous sai sao sou

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4. Compound finals (2): an, en, in, ang, eng, ing, ong(page 1)

an en in ang eng ing ongb ban ben bin bang beng bingp pan pen pin pang peng pingm man men min mang meng mingf fan fen fang fengd dan din dang deng ding dongt tan tin tang teng ting tongn nan nen nin nang neng ning nongl lan lin lang leng ling longg gan gen gang geng gongk kan kang keng kongh han hang heng hong

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4. Compound finals (2) (Page 2)

an en in ang eng ing ongj jin jingq qin qingx xin xingzh zhan zhen zhang zheng zhongch chan chen chang cheng chongsh shan shen shang shengr ran ren rang reng rongz zan zen zang zeng zongc can cen cang ceng congs san sen sang seng song

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4. Compound finals (3): Medial /i/ - ia, iao, ie, iu(Page 1)

i(o)uia iao ie iu

b biao biep piao piem miao mie miufd diao die diut tiao tien niao niel lia liao lie liugkh

i(o)uia iao ie iu

j jia jiao jie jiuq qia qiao qie qiux xia xiao xie xiuzhchshrzcs

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4. Compound finals (3): Medial /i/ - ian, iang, iong (Page 2)

ian iang iongb bianp pianm mianfd diant tiann nian niangl lian lianggkh

ian iang iongj jian jiang jiongq qian qiang qiongx xian xiang xiongzhchshrzcs

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4. Compound finals (4): Medial /u/ - ua, uo, uai, ui (page 1)

u(e)iua uo uai ui

bpmfd duo duit tuo tuin nuol luog gua guo guik kua kuo kuih hua huo hui

u(e)iua uo uai ui

jqxzh zhua zhuo zhuich chuo chuai chuish shua shuo shuai shuir ruo ruiz zuo zuic cuo cuis suo sui

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4. Compound finals (4):Medial /u/ - uan, un, uang, (page 2)

u(e)nuan un uang

bpmfd duan dunt tuan tunn nuanl luan lung guan gun guangk kuan kun kuangh huan hun huang

u(e)nuan un uang

jqxzh zhuan zhun zhuangch chuan chun chuangsh shuan shun shuangr ruan runz zuan zunc cuan cuns suan sun

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4. Compound finals (5): Medial /ü/ - üe, üan, ün

üe üan ünbpmfdtn nüel lüegkh

üe üan ünj jue juan junq que quan qunx xue xuan xunzhchshrzcs

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[i] rules

• The i in [bi, pi, mi, di, ti, ni, li, ji, qi, xi] is similar to the {ee} sound in the English word {bee}

• The i in [zhi, chi, shi, ri] requires the speaker to curl their tongue a bit.

• The i in [zi, ci, si] feels like it is half-way between the other two {i} sounds.

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5. Pinyin Spelling Rules5.1. “y” as initial

5.1.1. When there is no initial before i:

a. Add “y” as the initial when “i” is alone or followed by “n” or “ng,”

i yi ing ying in yin

b. Change “i” into “y” when “i” is followed by another vowel:ia ya ian yan ie ye iang yang iao yao iong yong iu i(o)u you

5.1.2. Add “y” as the initial when there is no initial before “ü”:ü yu üan yuanüe yue ün yun

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5. Pinyin Spelling Rules (2)5.2. “w” as initial5.2.1. Change “u” into “w” if “u” is not preceded by an initial:

ua wauai waiuan wanuang wanguo woui u(e)i weiun u(e)n wenueng weng

5.2.2. “u” by itself becomes wu

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Practice1. a. qiu b. chou2. a. shu b. xu3. a. zhe b. jie4. a. guo b. gou5. a. jian b. qian6. a. xi b. shi7. a. cai b. sai8. a. chui b. que

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6. Tones (1)Pitch Contour - 55 35 214 51

mā má mǎ màTone 1 2 3 4

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Useful sites to practice tones :• http://chinese.yabla.com/chinese-pinyin-

chart.php

• http://www.quickmandarin.com/chinesepinyintable/ (press ‘Esc’ to get rid of the Ad)

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Tone Visual Feedback

Online web version:https://www.speechandhearing.net/laboratory/wasp/

Software to download:SpeakGoodChinese

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Homework- Workbook Introduction I. A, B, C on p. 1-2(Textbook/WB Audio on eCampus)- Character Work Book p. 1-8

Pinyin Practicehttps://chinese.yabla.com/chinese-pinyin-chart.php

http://pinyinpractice.com/initials.htm (game)

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6. Tones (2)

The neutral tone:

. Pronounced briefly and softly

1. First tone + neutral 55 + 22. Second tone + neutral 35 + 33. Third tone + neutral 32 + 44. Fourth tone + neutral 51 + 1

Examples:

bàba shūshu xiānsheng‘father’ ‘uncle’ ‘Mr. or husband’

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7. Tone Sandhi Rules

1. When two third-tone syllables are together, the first third tone becomes second tone.33 23 e.g. hěnhǎo hénhǎo

2. The third tone is only pronounced as a full third tone when it is emphasized. Otherwise it is pronounced as a low tone (except #1).pitch contour 213 21 e.g. Duìbùqǐ, cèsuǒ, diànnǎo

3. 一 yī (meaning ‘one’, ‘a’) and 不 bù (meaning no, not)yi and bu 4th tone when preceding 1st, 2nd, or 3rd

tone; yi and bu 2nd tone when preceding 4th tone

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Numbers“zero” 〇/零 líng“one” 一 yī “two” 二 èr “three” 三 sān“four” 四 sì“five” 五 wǔ“six” 六 liù“seven” 七 qī“eight” 八 bā“nine” 九 jiǔ“ten” 十 shí

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Classroom Expressions1. Nǐ hǎo “how are you” 2. Lǎoshī hǎo “how are you, teacher”3. Shàngkè “start class”4. Xiàkè “dismiss class”5. Dǎkāi shū “open your book”6. Wǒ shuō, nǐmen tīng “I say, you listen”7. Duì bú duì “yes or no?”

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8. Hěnhǎo “very good”9. Qǐng gēn wǒ shuō “please say it after me”10. Qǐng zài shuō yí cì “please say it again.”11. Dǒng bù dǒng “understand?”12. Zàijiàn “Good-bye”

- Duìbuqǐ “I’m sorry.”- Qǐngwèn “Excuse me; May I ask…”- Xièxie “Thank you”

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Know your name!

王 大 明

Wáng dà míngSurname First name

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Look up the Characters

• http://www.archchinese.com/chinese_english_dictionary.html?code=56fd

Scroll up to the top of the page. Type the character’s pinyin with tone number, click search. Click the character that matches your name from the list (check carefully)

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Homework

• HW WB I. D, E, F, G (p. 3-5) due Wednesday• CHWB p. 1-11 （5 times each character )

Happy Weekend! 再见 zàijiàn!

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Numbers“zero” 〇 líng“one” 一 yī “two” 二 èr “three” 三 sān“four” 四 sì“five” 五 wǔ“six” 六 liù“seven” 七 qī“eight” 八 bā“nine” 九 jiǔ“ten” 十 shí

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• 练习 Numbers

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Classroom Expressions1. Nǐ hǎo “how are you” 2. Lǎoshī hǎo “how are you, teacher”3. Shàngkè “start class”4. Xiàkè “dismiss class”5. Dǎkāi shū “open your book”6. Wǒ shuō, nǐmen tīng “I say, you listen”7. Duì bú duì “yes or no?”

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8. Hěnhǎo “very good”9. Qǐng gēn wǒ shuō “please say it after me”10. Qǐng zài shuō yí cì “please say it again.”11. Dǒng bù dǒng “understand?”12. Zàijiàn “Good-bye”

- Duìbuqǐ “I’m sorry.”- Qǐngwèn “Excuse me; May I ask…”- Xièxie “Thank you”

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Practice1. Good-bye2. Very good3. Understand?4. Correct or not correct?5. I am sorry.6. Thank you.7. How are you8. Start class9. Please say it again10. May I ask…11. I say you listen12. Please say it after me

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Pinyin Practice1. 1) máng 2) zhuā 3) shuǐ 4) zhuàng2. 1) shéi 2) tòng 3) liàn 4) bāo3. 1) sēng 2) jué 3) kǎi 4) dàn4. 1) lùn 2) qiè 3) tuǒ 4) xióng5. 1) fǒu 2) pàng 3) xú 4) juān6. 1) běn 2) jiǔ 3) qià 4) tiāo7. 1) lín 2) guài 3) quān 4) xiǎng

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Pinyin Practice

1. Shíjiān2. Biǎoyǎn3. Cáipàn4. Sùshè5. Xuéxiào6. Xǐzǎo7. Zhàopiàn8. Juéde

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Pinyin PracticeLeft Right

• 1. xiang shang 3• 2. chang qiang 2• 3. Jin zhen 1• 4. jiu zhou 4• 5. qu chu 2• 6. cai sai 1• 7. tou tuo 4• 8. zhang jiang 3

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Pronunciation Practice

1. dōngxi 9. xiězì

2. shūjià 10. huíjiā

3. niǔyuē 11. jièqián

4. zhīqíng 12. xuéxiào

5. chábēi 13. qìchē

6. fēnzhōng 14. dǎdǔ

7. lǎohǔ 15. shénme

8. jiǎndān 16. ānjìng

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Dictation Practice

• Have a piece of paper and a pen ready. Write down the pinyin and tone you hear.

e.g. Lin2

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Answers

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• cong2• wen4• jiao3• ge4• deng1• qun2

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Practice

• Say your/his/her Chinese name– LOUD and CLEAR

Lín lǎo shī

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Homework

• Due – Workbook: III. IV, VI, (p. 8-9) • CHWB p. 1-15

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8. Chinese Writing System

. Mono-syllabic one character=one syllable

. Number of characters 50,000 – Hanyu da cidian 汉语大词典10,000 – Normal dictionaries

3,000 – Every day use

. Development of Chinese Script http://www.chinaknowledge.de/index.html

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Styles of Chinese Script

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8.1 The Formation of Chinese Characters1) Pictographs (2%) 象形 – pictograms

人, 山, 日, 木, 交, 馬2) Simple Indicative (1%) 指事 – iconic illustrations

上, 下, 本3) Compound Indicative (3%) 會意 - combined pictograms to

symbolize a new meaning

明, 休, 旦, 安, 炎, 林4) Semantic-Phonetic (93%) 形聲 - represent the largest group

of characters in modern Chinese. Composed of two parts: a pictograph (radical) and a phonetic part

江, 飯, 姑, 梨, 炮, 飽, 胞, 苞, 泡Plus Mutually explanatory and Phonetic loan

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8.2 Stroke Order• Left to right: 林• Top to bottom: 去, 三• Middle before two side: 小, 水, 火, 木• Outside to inside, but the closure stroke at the

bottom comes last: 回(冂口一)国, 四, 司, 區• Horizontal stroke before a crossing vertical: 十(一丨), 木(一丨丿乀), 草 , 丰

• Diagonal right top to left bottom are written before a crossing diagonal: 文(丶一丿乀)父

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Chinese Character Stroke Order Principles

http://www.archchinese.com/chinese_stroke_order_rules.html

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Animated Stroke Order

• Check and follow New Character Stroke Order on eCampus when practicing new characters (starting Lesson 1)

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8.3 Basic Radicals

Radicals = meaning of the character

Other component = sound of the characters

Example:

妈 ma “mother”

女 nu3 “woman”

马 ma3 “horse”

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8.4 Simplification and Variants

Recent development:1. Year 1956 515 characters simplified by PRC

government.2. Year 1964 2,000 characters simplified.

Examples:雲云, 禮礼, 醫医, 潔洁國国, 衛卫, 車车, 樂乐

3. 厂 vs 广，旧 vs 归，办 vs 为 (simplified)廠 vs 廣 , 舊 vs 歸, 辦 vs 為 (traditional)

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Homework Key

• Lin laoshi will post the answer key for III. and IV (p. 8) on eCampus. Listen to the audio while reviewing the answers

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IMPORTANT

• Voicemail testing: record number 1 to 10 in Chinese before Monday

http://ecampusinfo.wvu.edu/help-and-support

• Bring Character Workbook to class on Friday (p. 1-15)

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Prepare for Monday’s Test- Know your name in characters & pinyin

(tones!)- Pinyin dictation (listen to the HW Audio) - Numbers (know pinyin and characters)- Classroom expressions (understand by

listening or reading the pinyin) - Lecture notes on Chinese characters- Oral: Pinyin + Tones. e.g. jièqián

• Sign up for Chinese Club member on eCampus. $10 member fee due by Friday.

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