BUILDING TRADESUNIONSIGNITELESSTOBACCO &

Toxics TobaccoO N T H E J O B

Protecting Your Health

I N S T R U C T O R ’ S M A N U A L

A curriculum for teaching

building trades workers

about toxics and tobacco

Chewing Tobacco Supplement

&Toxics

TobaccoO N T H E J O B

Protecting Your Health

A curriculum for teaching

building trades workers

about toxics and tobacco

I N S T R U C T O R ’ S M A N U A L

CHEWING TOBACCO SUPPLEMENT

This Instructor’s Manual is part of a health and safety education curriculum prepared by

BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCOA project of the State Building and Construction Trades Council of California

This project was made possible by funds received from Proposition 99, The Tobacco Tax Initiative, under Grant Number 04-35308

Produced by the State Building and Construction Trades Council of California© 2006 — State of California, Department of Health Services.

2

OVERVIEW

BUILT has designed this Supplement to be used with our primary curriculum Toxics & Tobaccoon the Job: Protecting Your Health. The curriculum presents a comprehensive overview of toxicsubstances that construction workers confront and may be used both for apprentices and injourneyman upgrade trainings. With a special focus on chewing tobacco, the Supplementemphasizes the dual risks of tobacco and other toxics found at the workplace.

The Supplement features activities that enable students to become more aware of chewingtobacco’s place as a workplace hazard that contains many of the same chemicals they encounteron the job.

Extensive pilot testing shows that the activity is very well received, but when students completeit, they want even more information. The four units in the primary curriculum provide thatinformation are:

Unit 1: Threats to Your Health on the Job explains workplace toxics and their effects on thebody.

Unit 2: Tobacco Threatens Everyone’s Health gives more information about the chemicals intobacco, the health effects of tobacco use, and second-hand smoke.

Unit 3: Investigating Chemical Hazards on the Job introduces students to the skills andresources they need to investigate chemical hazards on the job.

Unit 4: Protecting Your Health helps students develop strategies to make the workplace safer.

BUILT has also produced trade-specific supplements for Ironworkers, Cement Masons,Roofers, Insulators, Operating Engineers, Painters, Electricians, and the Pipe Trades.

Both the primary curriculum and the supplements utilize the Construction Workers’ Guide as astudent handbook. In addition, BUILT’s 8-minute video, No Butts About It, provides a quickoverview of tobacco and toxics and is a good tool to use along with the supplement andprimary curriculum.

3

CHEWINGTOBACCO

SUPPLEMENT

• Risks and health effects of chewing tobacco.

• Common misinformation (myths) about chewing tobacco.

• Chemicals used in the workplace that also are found in chewingtobacco.

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

• Identify at least two potential health effects of chewing tobacco.

• Identify at least two toxics that are in chewing tobacco.

• Explain why chewing tobacco is not a safe substitute for smoking.

OBJECTIVES

THIS SUPPLEMENT COVERS

4

(Total time: 60 minutes)

ACTIVITIES ESTIMATED MATERIALSTIMEApproximate

1. INTRODUCTORY PRESENTATION 5 minutes Chew Tobacco Supplement, pg. 7Instructor reviews objectives Flip chart with objectives.for training Give each student:

- Guide

2. ACTIVITY 1:Why People Use Chewing Tobacco

a. Break class into pairs to complete 5 minutes Chew Tobacco Supplement, pg. 7handoutStatements About Chewing Tobacco

b. Class discussion of 15 minutes - Handout 1: Statements Statements About Chewing Tobacco About Chewing Tobacco

White Board or Flip chart, pen

3. ACTIVITY 2:Toxics in Chewing Tobacco

a. Students again work in pairs to 5 minutes - Handout 2: Match the Toxicsmatch list of products/work - Handout 3: Some of the processes with list of chemicals Chemicals in Chewing

Tobacco

b. Group discussion 20 minutes - Student GuideWhite Board or Flip chart, pen

4. SUM UP:Why Not Chew?

Instructor asks class to describe how 10 minutes BUILT brochuresthey use their mouth. Imagine what itwould be like to lose it. Other materials

Discussion of resources availablefor more information and to quit.

PLANNING GUIDE

E

CHEW TOBACCO SUPPLEMENT

5

through OVERVIEW, INTRODUCTORY PRESENTATION,INSTRUCTIONS, DISCUSSION POINTS, and HANDOUTS for thelesson before classtime.

enough copies of Handouts (included with this Supplement) so thateach group can have one or two different handouts.

• One Student Guide for each of your students

• Copies of Handouts for the groups.

Write the lesson topic on your chalkboard or butcher paper:

PREPARATION

READ

REPRODUCE

BRING

BEFORE THE CLASS STARTS

y1

2

3

4TOXIC WASTE:CHEWING

TOBACCO

6

� This is a lesson on toxics and tobacco. It may surprise some people that nearly all thechemicals listed in the handouts are found in chew as well as in work processes. This factshould be pointed out several times during the discussion.

� Be sure that your students are clear on what the technical terms mean by using commondescriptive phrases to define them. For example, this lesson emphasizes ingestion as a routeof entry for toxics. By saying, “putting toxics in your mouth,” students can more easilyvisualize what ingestion means.

� The goal of this exercise is to let students learn how they are exposed to specific toxics andhow that exposure can affect their bodies, careers, and lives. Since this is not a lecture, it isimportant to let students express themselves during the discussion. Use the questions in theDISCUSSION POINTS to help the class focus on the material.

� Encourage the students to relate their own experiences with these toxics and with chewingtobacco. Your class may have someone who has experienced health problems. Let them talkabout how it feels, how many days of work they lost, and what their doctor told them. If youknow of someone who has had health problems because of chewing tobacco share yourstory as well. Pilots of this curriculum showed that students responded best to these “real”stories.

� Construction workers in different trades face many of the same toxics. However, some tradesare exposed to some toxics more than others. Be sure to cover the toxics your class should bemost concerned about.

� Not all of the information on specific toxics in the Guide applies to all workers. Help thestudents focus on those tasks or processes in their own work that expose them to each toxic.

TIPS FOR THEDISCUSSION

7

Construction work can be dangerous. By their very nature, all the construction trades areextremely hazardous. Each trade faces unique hazards but many hazards are the same fromtrade to trade. Workers are also exposed to hazards from other trades working nearby. Injuriesand illness mean lost work days, as well as the possibility of long-term disability and aretirement that is cut short. That is why your apprentice and refresher training continuallyemphasize safety.

From a trench collapsing to falling from ladders or scaffolding, construction workers confrontmany hazardous working conditions. There is also the long-term danger of back and joint painfrom working in tight quarters or awkward positions. But today we’re going to look at anotherhazard—the toxic substances that all construction workers handle or work around.

When we talk about protecting ourselves from toxics we usually think of Personal ProtectiveEquipment (P.P.E.), especially respirators. This is because we think toxics are something webreathe in. We may also be concerned about a toxic getting on our skin. But there is anotherway that we are exposed to toxics–ingestion, which means getting them in our mouth. Thishappens when we don’t wash our hands before we eat, drink, or smoke. It also happens if we arenot careful with the materials we handle. Sometimes people actually put something in theirmouth without thinking about the danger.

Today we will talk about chewing tobacco. Tobacco in any form is a combination of many toxicsubstances. We all know the dangers of smoking, but chew is not safe either. Constructionworkers use chew tobacco at a higher rate than the general public. This means constructionworkers are more likely to suffer the health effects of tobacco use and exposure to other toxicsubstances found on the job. These health effects can include cancer, heart disease, and otherserious illnesses.

That is why we are going to look at Chew Tobacco and some of the toxics the constructionworkers are exposed to on the job. We will think about these issues by doing an activity. Arethere any questions?

CHEWING TOBACCO SUPPLEMENT INTRODUCTION (5 MINUTES)

[Distribute Guide to students at beginning of class.]

INSTRUCTOR EXPLAINS:

INTRODUCTORYPRESENTATION

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WHY PEOPLE USE CHEWING TOBACCO(25 MINUTES)

ACTIVITY 1

INSTRUCTIONS

EXPLAIN EXERCISE

DIVIDE INTO

GROUPS

MYTH VS. FACTDISCUSSION

WRAP-UP

1

2

3

4

Explain to the students that this is an exercise to learn more aboutwhy people use chewing tobacco and to discuss the facts about chew.

Ask the class “What are some the ways we get toxics in our mouth?What are some of the toxics we may get in our mouth? How can youprevent getting toxics in your mouth?” Write their answers on thechalkboard or butcher paper.

Break the class into pairs or small groups each with approximatelythe same number of students. Tell the class that now you will talkabout chewing tobacco in terms of myths and facts. Give eachstudent Handout 1, Statements About Chewing Tobacco, so they cantalk about why they think people use chewing tobacco. (They canwrite down their answers on the handout, if you want.)

Also make sure everyone has a copy of the Guide, which was givenout earlier.

After 5 minutes, bring the class back together. Refer to Instructor’sHandout 1, Chewing Tobacco: Myth vs. Fact. Read the first statementto the class. Ask for a volunteer to say whether it’s a myth or a fact,and why. Encourage discussion about their answer. Ask if anybodyhas a different answer. Then give the correct answer and proceed tothe next statement. As you go through the statements you may wantto write their responses on the flip chart or board.

Review the answers.

See the DISCUSSION POINTS sections in the Instructor’s Copy ofeach handout for ideas that you should try to bring out during thediscussion. This material is for the instructor’s reference. Try to getthe students to state as many of these points as they can on their owninitiative and in their own words. Fill in other points only when youneed to.

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MYTH

FACT

MYTH

FACT

Chewing Tobacco: Myth vs. FactHANDOUT 1

Chewing tobacco is a harmless alternative to smoking.

Chewing tobacco contains more nicotine than cigarettes. Mostcigarettes have an average of 8.4 mg of nicotine per cigarette. Onedose of chewing tobacco can have as much as 133 mg of nicotine.Chewing tobacco contains over 3,000 chemicals, more than 20 ofwhich cause cancer.

U. S. Tobacco advertises its products, Copenhagen and Skoal, as an“alternative” to smoking, encouraging smokers to use chew whenthey can’t smoke. By using the phrase “harm reduction,” they try toconvince the public that chew is safer than smoking. U. S. SurgeonGeneral Richard Carmona has stated, “I cannot conclude that the useof any tobacco product is a safe alternative to smoking.”

Chewing increases the risk of oral cancers. Chew tobacco users are 50times more likely to develop oral cancer than non-users. Chewingtobacco also increases the risk of heart disease. A 1994 study of morethan 100,000 construction workers showed smokeless tobacco usershad twice the rate of heart attacks as non-tobacco users.

Chew improves athletic performance.

Many people associate sports with chewing tobacco because tobaccocompanies have used sports and sports figures to sell their productsfor years. Some of the original baseball cards were sold with chewingtobacco back in the 1880s. Hank Aaron once said, “When I see kidswith these little cans in their back pockets and know what baseballhas done to influence this, it makes me mad as hell.” A study ofprofessional baseball players found no connection between chewingtobacco use and player performance.

Using chewing tobacco increases your heart rate and blood pressurewithin a few minutes. This can cause a buzz or rush, but the rise inpulse and blood pressure places extra stress on your heart that mayactually reduce your overall performance.

A study by the University of Maryland and Arizona State Universityshowed that smokeless tobacco users learn and adjust to new tasksslower than non-users. Several construction workers interviewed for

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MYTH

FACT

MYTH

FACT

this curriculum pointed out that nicotine causes the blood vessels toconstrict. “I don’t know how that can help athletic performance.”

Good gum care can offset the harmful effects of using chew.

There is no evidence that brushing and flossing will undo the harmthat chew is doing to your teeth and gums. Once the gums begin topull away from the teeth where the chewing tobacco is held, they donot grow back. In addition to discolored teeth and bad breath hereare some of the tooth and mouth problems caused by chew tobacco:

Gingivitis: The irritation to the spot in the mouth where chewingtobacco is placed can result in permanent damage to the gums. Italso can damage the supporting bone structure. The injured gumspull away from the teeth, exposing root surfaces and leaving teethsensitive to heat and cold.

Periodontitis: The infection and inflammation spreads to theligaments and bone that support the teeth. Loss of support causes theteeth to become loose and eventually fall out. Periodontitis is theprimary cause of tooth loss in adults.

Tooth Decay: Sugars in chew tobacco react with bacteria foundnaturally in the mouth, causing an acid reaction, which leads todecay.

Worn Teeth: The dirt and fiberglass in chew tobacco scratches teethand wears away the enamel. Premature loss of tooth enamel causesadded sensitivity and makes it easier to develop cavities.

If you chew for only 5 to 10 years, you won't get cancer.

Long-term users are more likely to develop cancer, but they are notthe only ones at risk. Cancers have been found in the mouths ofpeople who have used the product regularly for just a few years.

Gruen Von Behrens travels the country speaking out against chewtobacco. He started chewing at age 13 and was diagnosed with cancerwhen he was 17. Sean Marsee died at age 19. He was diagnosed withoral cancer when he was 18 years old and had begun chewing whenhe was 12. During pilot testing of this curriculum an apprenticecoordinator shared the story of a friend’s son who had beendiagnosed with mouth cancer after chewing for only three years.What are your experiences?

11

MYTH

FACT

It’s easy to quit using dip or chew when you want to.

Unfortunately, nicotine addiction makes quitting difficult. But thosewho have quit successfully are very glad they did. Chew tobaccocontains a high dose of nicotine. In the first 30 minutes of use, achewer will absorb nearly three times as much nicotine as a smokerwill absorb, (4.6 mg for chew compared to 1.8 mg for a cigarette).Many people feel chew tobacco is more addictive than smoking andclaim that quitting chew is the hardest thing to do. What quittingstories can your class tell?

Want more information?www.sbctc.org/built www.nstep.org www.quitsmokeless.org www.oralcancerfoundation.orgFor free and confidential help quitting chew,

call 1-800-844-CHEW.

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TOXICS IN CHEWING TOBACCO(20 MINUTES)

ACTIVITY 2

INSTRUCTIONS

EXPLAIN EXERCISE

DIVIDE INTO GROUPS

GROUP REPORTS

REVIEW

1

2

3

4

Give students Handout 2— “Match the Toxics.” Explain that thepurpose of this exercise is to get them thinking about what’s inchewing tobacco and how it might affect people who use it.Emphasize that they will not be graded on their answers or need toturn in the exercise.

Ask the students to break into pairs or small groups. For eachproduct or process on the left-hand column of the worksheet, theyshould write all the chemicals from the box they think are used inthat product or process. Refer the class to pages 12 through 21 of theStudent Guide, where they may find some of the answers.

After 5-8 minutes, bring the class back together. For each product orprocess, ask a volunteer from each pair or small group to name thechemicals they had listed. Encourage discussion about their answer.Ask if anybody has different answers. Then give the correct answerand proceed to the next product or process.

Give each student a copy of Handout 3—“What’s in Your Mouth.”Ask if students are surprised at how many chemicals are in chewingtobacco. Ask them what types of protection they might need if theywere exposed to these chemicals on the job.

See the DISCUSSION POINTS sections in the Instructor’s Copy ofeach handout for ideas that you should try to bring out during thediscussion. This material is for the instructor’s reference. Try to getthe students to state as many of these points as they can on their owninitiative and in their own words. Fill in other points only when youneed to.

13

Benzene

Fiberglass

Benzo(a)pyrene

Nickel

Cadmium

Polonium 210

Formaldehyde

GASOLINE

Benzene

Fiberglass

Benzo(a)pyrene

Nickel

Cadmium

Polonium 210

Formaldehyde

ADHESIVES

Benzene

Fiberglass

Benzo(a)pyrene

Nickel

Cadmium

Polonium 210

Formaldehyde

EPOXY

Benzene

Fiberglass

Benzo(a)pyrene

Nickel

Cadmium

Polonium 210

Formaldehyde

WELDING

Benzene

Fiberglass

Benzo(a)pyrene

Nickel

Cadmium

Polonium 210

Formaldehyde

ASPHALT

Match the ToxicsHANDOUT 2

For each product or process, check thenames of all the toxics that you think are init. For example:

Benzo(a)pyrene is found on coal tarpitch, creosote, and some asphalts;causes skin cancer and reduction inreproductive capacity.

Nickel is used in stainless steel, othermetal alloys and alkaline batteries;causes cancer.Cadmium is used in non-corrosivemetal coatings, bearings, pigments andstorage batteries; causes cancer; damageskidneys, liver and brain.

Formaldehyde is part of the resin usedin particleboard, fiberboard, andplywood, also used in foam insulation.Can damage skin and digestive system.Fiberglass is often used as a filler inepoxies; it is classified as a possiblehuman carcinogen.

Formaldehyde is part of the resin usedin particleboard, fiberboard, andplywood, also used in foam insulation.Can damage skin and digestive system.Benzene is used in solvents, pesticidesand gasoline; causes leukemia and othercancers.

14

Benzene

Fiberglass

Benzo(a)pyrene

Nickel

Cadmium

Polonium 210

Formaldehyde

CHEWING TOBACCO

Benzene

Fiberglass

Benzo(a)pyrene

Nickel

Cadmium

Polonium 210

Formaldehyde

GASOLINE

Benzene

Fiberglass

Benzo(a)pyrene

Nickel

Cadmium

Polonium 210

Formaldehyde

INSULATION

Fiberglass is classified as a possiblehuman carcinogen.Formaldehyde is part of the resin usedin particleboard, fiberboard, andplywood, also used in foam insulation.Can damage skin and digestive system.

Benzene is used in solvents, pesticidesand gasoline; causes leukemia and othercancers.

All of these and more are in chewingtobacco.

15

WHAT’S IN YOUR MOUTH(10 MINUTES)

SUM UP

Eating

Drinking

Tasting

Kissing

Talking

Communicating

We take in the food, we eat through our mouth.

Whether water, soda, or alcoholic beverages, we use our mouth todrink.

One of our five basic senses.

We often show affection using our mouth.

Our mouth is unique to humans as it allows us to speak.

Our mouth communicates with more than words. We use smiles,grimaces, frowns. Watch people using sign language to talk; eventhose who can’t speak use their mouths to communicate.

Ask the class to describe how they use their mouth.

They may mention:

Then ask class members to imagine what it would be like to lose their mouth.

RESOURCES

Discuss resources available for more information about chew tobacco and help quitting. Handout other materials on chew and resources for quitting. California has a special free andconfidential helpline for those who want to quit using chew. The number is 1-800-844-CHEW.

16

17

Statements about Chewing TobaccoHANDOUT 1

Chewing tobacco is a harmless alternative to smoking.

Chew improves athletic performance.

Good gum care can offset the harmful effects of using dip or chew.

If you chew for only 5 to 10 years, you won't get cancer.

It's easy to quit using dip or chew when you want to.

18

Afirmaciones Sobre El Tabaco De MascarHOJA INFORMATIVA 1

El tabaco de masticar es una alternativa inofensiva a fumar.

El masticar mejora el desempeño atlético.

El buen cuidado de las encías puede compensar los efectos peligrosos de usar tabaco

rapé o de masticar.

Si sólo masticas de 5 a 10 años, no te dará cáncer.

Es fácil dejar cuando quieras de usar tabaco rapé o de masticar.

19

Benzene

Fiberglass

Benzo(a)pyrene

Nickel

Cadmium

Polonium 210

Formaldehyde

GASOLINE

Benzene

Fiberglass

Benzo(a)pyrene

Nickel

Cadmium

Polonium 210

Formaldehyde

CHEWING TOBACCO

Benzene

Fiberglass

Benzo(a)pyrene

Nickel

Cadmium

Polonium 210

Formaldehyde

GASOLINE

Benzene

Fiberglass

Benzo(a)pyrene

Nickel

Cadmium

Polonium 210

Formaldehyde

INSULATION

Benzene

Fiberglass

Benzo(a)pyrene

Nickel

Cadmium

Polonium 210

Formaldehyde

ADHESIVES

Benzene

Fiberglass

Benzo(a)pyrene

Nickel

Cadmium

Polonium 210

Formaldehyde

EPOXY

Benzene

Fiberglass

Benzo(a)pyrene

Nickel

Cadmium

Polonium 210

Formaldehyde

WELDING

Benzene

Fiberglass

Benzo(a)pyrene

Nickel

Cadmium

Polonium 210

Formaldehyde

ASPHALT

Match the ToxicsHANDOUT 2

For each product or process, check thenames of all the toxics that you think are init. For example:

20

Benceno

Fibra de vidrio

Benzo(a)pyrene

Níquel

Cadmio

Polonio 210

Formaldehído

GASOLINE

Benceno

Fibra de vidrio

Benzo(a)pyrene

Níquel

Cadmio

Polonio 210

Formaldehído

TABACO DE MASTICAR

Benceno

Fibra de vidrio

Benzo(a)pyrene

Níquel

Cadmio

Polonio 210

Formaldehído

GASOLINA

Benceno

Fibra de vidrio

Benzo(a)pyrene

Níquel

Cadmio

Polonio 210

Formaldehído

INSULACIÓN

Benceno

Fibra de vidrio

Benzo(a)pyrene

Níquel

Cadmio

Polonio 210

Formaldehído

ADHESIVOS

Benceno

Fibra de vidrio

Benzo(a)pyrene

Níquel

Cadmio

Polonio 210

Formaldehído

RESINA EPOXIDICA

Benceno

Fibra de vidrio

Benzo(a)pyrene

Níquel

Cadmio

Polonio 210

Formaldehído

SOLDADURA

Benceno

Fibra de vidrio

Benzo(a)pyrene

Níquel

Cadmio

Polonio 210

Formaldehído

ASFALTO

Empareja Las ToxinasHOJA INFORMATIVA 2

Por cada producto o proceso en la columnaizquierda, escribe el nombre de todas lastoxinas nombradas en la caja que crees quecontiene. Por ejemplo:

21

What’s In Your Mouth?HANDOUT 3

Used in glues and resins.

Both alpha and beta angelica lactone are used as flavorings andaromas.

Used to kill weeds and pests.

Used in solvents, pesticides and gasoline. Causes leukemia.

Found in coal tar pitch, creosote, and some asphalts. Causes skincancer and reduction in reproductive capacity.

Used in non-corrosive metal coatings, bearings, pigments and storagebatteries. Damages kidneys, liver and brain.

Used as a flavoring. Causes kidney and liver damage. It was bannedas a food additive in 1940.

Used as a warning agent in fuels.

Used in pesticides and fertilizers. Causes kidney and liver damage,and birth defects.

Part of resin used in particleboard, fiberboard, and plywood andused in foam insulation. Causes nasal cancer; can damage skin anddigestive system.

Used in rocket fuel. Causes nausea, inflammation of the nerves.

Used in paint and metal alloys (solder, brass, bronze). Damagesbrain, nerves, kidneys and reproductive system. Causes anemia andstomach problems. Particularly toxic to children.

Used in stainless steel, other metal alloys and alkaline batteries.

�

Acetaldehyde

Angelica Lactone

Arsenic

Benzene

Benzo(a)pyrene

Cadmium

Coumarin

Crotonaldehyde

Ethylcarbamate

Formaldehyde

Hydrazine

Lead

Nickel

CARCINOGENS IN CHEWING TOBACCO

22

NMDA – once used to make rocket fuel, naturally occurring in somefoods. Causes liver damage. NPYR – naturally occurring in somefoods. Nitrosopiperidine – used as a research chemical.Nitrosomorpholine – damages the liver and reproductive system. Notused commercially in the U.S. Nitrosodiethanolamine – found incutting fluids, pesticides, and antifreeze.

N-Nitrososarcosine, 3-(methylnitrosamino)-propionic acid, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-butyric acid, Nitrosoazetadine-2-carboxylicacid – naturally occuring chemicals found in tobacco.

A breakdown product of Radon (found in the fertilizer to growtobacco), Polonium 210 is a radioactive substance.

N-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridy)l-1-butanol,N-Nitrosoanabasine: all are produced in the curing, ageing andprocessing of tobacco. NNN and NNK, considered some of the mostcancer causing agents known, are only found in tobacco.

Yes! That uranium. Found in phosphate fertilizers used to growtobacco. Radioactive, cancer causing.

Nitrosamines

Nitrosamino Acids

Polonium 210

Tobacco-SpecificNitrosamines

Uranium-235 andUranium-238

23

¿Que Tienes en Tu Boca?HOJA INFORMATIVA 3

Usado en pegantes y resinas.

Ambos alpha y beta angelica lactone son usados para sabores yaromas.

Una sustancia química venenosa para matar yerbas y plagas.

Usado en solventes, pesticidas y gasolina. Causa leucemia.

Se encuentra en brea alquitrán de carbón (coal tar pitch), creosota, yalgunos asfaltos. Causa cáncer en la piel y reducción en la capacidadreproductiva.

Usado en capas de metal no corrosivo, cojinetes, pigmentación yalmacenamiento de baterías. Daña los riñones, el hígado y el cerebro.

Usado para el sabor. Causa daños a los riñones e hígado. Fueprohibido como un aditivo de alimentos en 1940.

Usado como un agente de advertencia en combustible.

Usado en pesticidas y fertilizantes. Le causa daño a los riñones y alhígado, y defectos de nacimiento.

Parte de la resina usada en particleboard, fiberboard, y plywood. Seusa en la espuma de insulación. Causa cáncer nasal; puede dañar lapiel y el sistema digestivo.

Usado en combustible para cohetes. También puede causar nausea,inflamación de los nervios.

Usado en pintora y aleación de metal (soldadura, latón, bronce).Daña el cerebro, los nervios, riñones y el sistema reproductivo; causaanemia y problemas del estomago. Es particularmente toxico para losniños.

�

Acetaldehído

Angelica Lactone

Arsénico

Benceno

Benzo(a)pyrene

Cadmio

Coumarin

Crotonaldehyde

Ethylcarbamate

Formaldehyde

Hydrazine

Plomo

CARCINÓGENOS EN EL TABACO DE MASTICAR

24

Usado en acero inoxidable, otra aleación de metales y bateríasalcalinas.

NMDA – fue usado para hacer combustible de cohetes, ocurrenaturalmente en algunos alimentos, también le causa daño al hígado.NPYR – ocurre naturalmente en algunos alimentos.Nitrosopiperidine – usado como un químico de investigación.Nitrosomorpholine – daña el hígado y el sistema reproductivo. Noes usado comercialmente en los Estados Unidos.Nitrosodiethanolamine – se encuentra en fluidos cortantes, pesticidasy anticongelante.

N-Nitrososarcosine, 3-(methylnitrosamino)-propionic acid, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-butyric acid, Nitrosoazetadine-2-carboxylicacid – químicos que ocurren naturalmente encontrados en tabaco.

Un producto derivado del Radon (se encuentra en el fertilizante paraque el tabaco crezca), Polonium 210 es una sustancia radioactiva.

N-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridy)l-1-butanol,N-Nitrosoanabasine – Son todos producidos para curar, envejecer yprocesar el tabaco. NNN y NNK se consideran como unos de losagentes más conocidos causantes de cáncer. Sólo se encuentran en eltabaco.

¡Sí! Ese uranio. Se encuentra en fertilizantes de fosfato utilizado paracrecer el tabaco. Radioactivo, causante de cáncer.

Niquel

Nitrosamines

Acidos Nitrosamino

Polonium 210

Tobacco-SpecificNitrosamines

Uranium-235 yUranium-238