Chemsitry Week 6 - Honors Chemistry

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Chemistry Day 13

Monday, September 19, 2016

Do-Now Title: “Demo Revisited” 1.  Write down today’s FLT. 2.  Which subatomic particles are found in the

nucleus? 3.  Which subatomic particles have insignificant

mass? 4.  Explain what Rutherford discovered and how he

discovered it. 5.  Do you think it’s possible to see subatomic

particles?

Finished? Take out your planner and table of contents.

Announcements • UnitTestwillcoverCh.1,13,4,and25• BacktoschoolnightthisWednesday

• Pro-talk:– WewillbeginpracDcingusingpro-talk

sentenceframesinourwriDngandoral

responses

– Usingpro-talksentenceframeswhen

parDcipaDngwillearnyou+2dojopoints

Announcements • Pro-talkexample:

– Insteadof…“Okay,we’redoingpro-talk.”– Trysaying...“WhatIhearyousayingisthatwewill

startusingpro-talkinclass.”

– Insteadof...“Mylabwasasuccessbecauselessice

melted.”

– Trysaying...“IfwelookatbothdatatablesandnotethedecreasingpercentoficemelDngwith

addiDonalclothlayers,wecanseethatthelayers

helpslowtheamountofheattransfertotheice

cube.”

Announcements • Nextcardinalcashbuybackday:Tues9/27atlunch

• Dojopoints

– Seemetotradein

– 5points:cardinalcash,pen/pencil,snack– 15points:HWstamp,planner(1)

Planner: •  ToC due next week ☺ • Ch. 4 Quiz •  Trade in dojo points Table of Contents #1:

20. Demo Revisited

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FLT •  I will be able to identify identify the

purpose of the demo by completing video observations

Standard HS-PS1-8:Developmodelstoillustratethechangesinthecomposi@onofthenucleusoftheatomandtheenergyreleasedduringtheprocessesoffission,fusion,andradioac@vedecay

Recall •  Last week, we saw a video demo • What happened in the demo? • What questions do you have?

Recall • Underneath your do-now, rewrite one

of the questions you had about the demo

Demo • We will re-watch the video with

context. • Write down notes about what is

happening.

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Demo • Review your notes with your group/

neighbors • Now, try to answer the question you

wrote down earlier.

CW •  Stamps! • Read 4.3 in your textbook for our

next (and final) notes from chapter 4

Chemistry Day 14

Tuesday, September 20 – Wednesday, September 21, 2016

Do-Now Title: “BrainPOP: Atomic Model” 1.  Write down today’s FLT. 2.  Draw what an atom looks like according to

Democritus and Dalton 3.  Draw what an atom looks like according to J.J.

Thomson 4.  Draw what an atom looks like according to

Ernest Rutherford 5.  Use one of the pro-talk sentence frames to tell

me something we have learned about atoms or subatomic particles.


Announcements •  ToCduebyWed9/28

• UnitTestwillcoverCh.1,13,4,and25• Backtoschoolnighttonight• Usepro-talksentenceframeswhen

youparDcipateorwritedownanswers

J

Planner: •  Finish WS •  Study for quiz ☺ •  ToC #1 due in 1 week Table of Contents #1:

21.  BrainPOP: Atomic Model 22.  4.3 Cornell Notes 23. Ch 4 WS 1

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BrainPOP:AtomicModel• WatchtheBrainPOPvideo

• A]erthevideo,answerthequesDonsinyourgroup–every

membermustcopydownthe

sameanswer

• Thegroupwiththemostcorrect

answersà+5dojopointseachhKps://www.brainpop.com/science/maKerandchemistry/atomicmodel/

FLT •  I will be able to calculate the mass

number and number of neutrons in an atom by completing 4.3 Cornell Notes


Notes Protocol • Title your notes & add assignment # • Complete Cornell-style • Copy down all bolded ideas • Noise level 0 • Raise hand to question/comment • Be prepared to pair-share-respond

4.3: Distinguishing Among Atoms

Guiding Questions •  What makes elements and isotopes different? •  Howcanwecalculatethenumberofneutronsinanatom?

•  HowcanIcalculatetheatomicmassofanelement?

•  CanIexplainwhychemistsusetheperiodictable?

Recall •  Atoms of the same element are identical •  Atomsarecomposedofiden@calprotons,neutrons,andelectrons

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Recall •  An atom’s atomic number (Z) = the # of

protons in the nucleus. Defines element.

Recall •  Elementsaredifferentbecausetheycontaindifferentnumbersofprotons"ifyouchangethenumberofprotons,youchangetheelement

Recall •  Atoms are

electrically neutral •  Protonshavea+1charge

•  Whatbalancesthem?•  Electronshavea-1charge

•  Therefore,#protons=#electronsinan

atom

Mass Number •  Recall:

– Protonshavearela@vemassof1

– Neutronshavearela@vemassof1

– Electronshavearela@velyinsignificantmass

Mass Number •  Therefore…

– Mass#=p++n0

Nuclide p+ n0 e- Mass #

Oxygen -

10

- 33 42

- 31 15

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Shorthand Notation MassNumber

AtomicNumber

Symbol

Shorthand Notation ■  Find each of these:

a)  number of protons

b)  number of neutrons

c)  number of electronsd)  Atomic number

e)  Mass Number C 14

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Shorthand Notation ■  If an element has an atomic number of

34 and a mass number of 78, what is the: a)  number of protonsb)  number of neutrons

c)  number of electronsd)  shorthand notation

Shorthand Notation ■  If an element has 91 protons and

140 neutrons what is the a)  Atomic numberb)  Mass number

c)  number of electronsd)  shorthand notation

Shorthand Notation ■  If an element has 78 electrons and

117 neutrons what is the a)  Atomic numberb)  Mass number

c)  number of protonsd)  shorthand notation

Isotopes •  What was Dalton mistaken about? •  Dalton was also wrong about all elements of

the same type being identical

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Isotopes •  Atoms of the same element can have

different numbers of neutrons.•  Thus, different mass numbers.•  These are called isotopes.

Isotopes •  Frederick Soddy

(1877-1956) proposed the idea of isotopes in 1912

•  Isotopes = atoms of the same element having different masses, due to varying numbers of neutrons.

•  Soddy won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for his work with isotopes and radioactive materials.

Isotopes

• We can also put the mass number after the name of the element: – carbon-12 – carbon-14 – uranium-235

Isotopes Isotope Protons Electrons Neutrons Nucleus

Hydrogen–1

(protium)

1

1

0

Hydrogen-2

(deuterium)

1

1

1

Hydrogen-3

(tritium)

1

1

2

Isotopes

• Elements occur in nature as mixtures of isotopes.

Atomic Mass # How heavy is an atom of oxygen?

# It depends, because there are different kinds of oxygen atoms.

# We are more concerned with the average atomic mass.

# Average atomic mass = based on the abundance (%) of each isotope in nature

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Atomic Mass • Each isotope has its own atomic

mass, thus we determine the average from percent abundance.

Calculating Atomic Mass • Multiply the atomic mass of each

isotope by it�s abundance (expressed as a decimal), then add the results.

•  If not told otherwise, the mass of the isotope is expressed in atomic mass units (amu)

Atomic Masses

Isotope Symbol Composition of the nucleus

% in nature

Carbon-12 12C 6 protons 6 neutrons

98.89%


1.11%


<0.01%

Atomic mass is the average of all the naturally occurring isotopes of that element.

Carbon = 12.011

Pair-Share-Respond 1.  What is Z? 2.  Can atoms of the same element have

different numbers of protons? 3.  Discuss all information you can

derive from the shorthand notation pictured

4.  Explain how isotopes differ from one another.

5. What is meant by the term “average atomic mass”?

CW 1. Complete Ch. 4 WKS 1

2. Stamps or study Ch. 4 Chemistry

Day 14 Thursday, September 22 – Friday, September 23,

2016

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Do-Now Title: “Video Notes: Fukushima Daiichi” 1.  Write down today’s FLT. 2.  What is the formula we use for mass number? 3.  A certain carbon atom has 8 neutrons. What is

its mass number? 4.  Write out the shorthand notation for this atom. 5.  What happens to an element if you change the

number of protons it has? 6.  Complete the sentence frame: The evidence

from Rutherford’s experiment suggested that _____________ because ____________.


Announcements • UnitTestwillcoverCh.1,13,4,and25• QuiztodayJ

• Usepro-talk!•  Tradeinyourdojopoints!•  LastdayforToC#1stampsisnext

Tuesday.

• ROCKSBuyBackDayTues@lunch

•  SeaDngchartrequests?

Planner: • Get ALL stamps & turn in ToC •  Read Ch. 25, Section 1 in the textbook

Table of Contents #1: 24.  Video Notes: Fukushima Daiichi 25.  Fukushima Daiichi Article WS

Quiz/Test Protocol

• Noiselevel0• Eyesonownpaper• Markanswersclearly• Doyourbest☺• Flipoverwhendone

FLT •  I will be able to discuss the effects of

the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster by completing Fukushima Article WS


Video Notes • Wewillwatchasegmentfroma

documentaryontheFukushima

nucleardisaster

• Asyouwatch,writedownsixthingsyoulearnfromthevideo

• Usecompletesentences• PayalenDonandlistencarefully,evenwhenyouarefinishedwithyour

videonotes

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Video Notes •  Let’ssharesomeofourobservaDons

Fukushima Article •  Readthear@cleabouttheFukushimaAr@cleandannotateasfollows:– Underlineimportantfacts– Star***surprisinginforma@on– Puta?nexttothingsyouhaveaques@onabout

•  +dojopointsforpartnerorgroupreading•  Aberyou’refinishedreading,answerthear@cleques@ons

•  Finishedearly?GetstampsandquietlyreadCh.25

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Chemsitry Week 6 - Honors Chemistry