Chemistry Scientists

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CHEMISTRY SCIENTISTS

Peter AgreFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search

Peter Agre

Peter Agre (2nd from right) with 5 other US 2003 Nobel laureates with

President G. W. Bush

Born30 January 1949 (age 61)

Northfield, Minnesota , USA

Nationality United States

Fields Chemistry

Alma mater Augsburg College, Johns Hopkins University, CaseWestern Reserve University

Known for Aquaporins

Notable

awardsNobel Prize in Chemistry

Peter Agre (pronounced "ahg-ray") (born January 29, 1949) American medical doctor,professor, and molecular biologist who was awarded the 2003Nobel Prize in Chemistry (whichhe shared with Roderick MacKinnon) for his discovery ofaquaporins.[1] Aquaporins are water-channel proteins that move water molecules through the cell membrane. In February 2009, Peter

Agre was inducted as the 163rd president of the American Association for the Advancement ofScience (AAAS), the nation's largest scientific organizatio

Louis Pasteur

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search


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Louis Pasteur

French microbiologist and chemist

BornDecember 27, 1822

Dole, Jura, Franche-Comt, France

DiedSeptember 28, 1895 (aged 72)

Marnes-la-Coquette, Hauts-de-Seine, France

Nationality French

FieldsChemistry

Microbiology

Institutions

Dijon Lyce

University of Strasbourg

Universit Lille Nord de France

cole Normale Suprieure

Alma mater cole Normale Suprieure

Notable students Charles Friedel[1]

SignaMarie Curie

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search"Madame Curie" redirects here. For the 1943 biographical filmabout her, see Madame Curie (film).


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This article is about the chemist and physicist. For the schoolsnamed after her, see cole lmentaire Marie-Curie and MarieCurie High School.

Marie SkodowskaCurie

Born7 November 1867

Warsaw, Vistula Land, Russian Empire

Died4 July 1934 (aged 66)

Passy, Haute-Savoie, France

Citizenship Russian, later FrenchNationality Polish

Fields physics, chemistry

Institutions University of Paris

Alma materUniversity of Paris

ESPCI

Doctoral advisor Henri Becquerel

Doctoral students

Andr-Louis Debierne

scar MorenoMarguerite Catherine Perey

Known for radioactivity,polonium, radium

Notable awards

Nobel Prize in Physics (1903)

Davy Medal (1903)

Matteucci Medal (1904)


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Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1911)

Notes

She is the only person to winNobel Prizes in twosciences.

She was the wife ofPierre Curie, and the mother ofIrne Joliot-Curie and

ve Curie.

Marie Skodowska Curie (7 November 1867 4 July 1934)was a Polish-born Frenchphysicist and chemist famous for herwork on radioactivity. She was a pioneer in the field ofradioactivity and the first person honored with twoNobelPrizes[1]in physics and chemistry. She was also the firstfemale professor at the University of Paris.

She was born Maria Skodowska in Warsaw (then in VistulaLand, Russian Empire; now in Poland) and lived there until shewas twenty-four. In 1891 she followed her older sisterBronisawa to study in Paris, where she obtained her higherdegrees and conducted her subsequent scientific work. Shefounded the Curie Institutes in Paris and Warsaw. Her husbandPierre Curie shared her Nobel prize in physics. Her daughterIrne Joliot-Curie and son-in-law, Frdric Joliot-Curie, alsoshared a Nobel prize. She was the sole winner of the 1911NobelPrize for Chemistry. Curie was the first woman to win a NobelPrize, and she is the only woman to win the award in twodifferent fields.

Her achievements include the creation of a theory ofradioactivity (a term she coined[2]), techniques for isolatingradioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two new elements,polonium and radium. Under her direction, the world's firststudies were conducted into the treatment ofneoplasms(cancers) using radioactive isotopes.

While an actively loyal French citizen, she never lost her senseof Polish identity. She named the first new chemical elementthat she discoveredpolonium (1898) for her native country,[3]and in 1932 she founded a Radium Institute (now the Maria

SkodowskaCurie Institute of Oncology) in her home town,Warsaw, headed by her physician sister Bronisawa.

ture


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Louis Pasteur (pronounced: [lwi past] December 27, 1822 September 28, 1895) was a Frenchchemist and microbiologist born in Dole. He is remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs inthe causes and preventions of diseases. His discoveries reduced mortality frompuerperal fever,and he created the first vaccine forrabies and anthrax. His experiments supported the germtheory of disease. He was best known to the general public for inventing a method to stop milkand wine from causing sickness, a process that came to be calledpasteurization. He is regardedas one of the three main founders ofmicrobiology, together with Ferdinand Cohn and RobertKoch. Pasteur also made many discoveries in the field of chemistry, most notably the molecular

basis for the asymmetry of certain crystals.[2] His body lies beneath the Institute Pasteurin Parisin a spectacularvault covered in depictions of his accomplishments in Byzantine mosaics.[3]

Pierre Curie


Pierre Curie

Born15 May 1859

Paris, France


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Died19 April 1906 (aged 46)

Paris, France

Nationality French

Fields Physics

Alma mater Sorbonne

Doctoral students

Paul Langevin

Andr-Louis Debierne

Marguerite Catherine Perey

Known for Radioactivity

Notable awards Nobel Prize in Physics (1903)

Notes

Married to Marie Curie (m. 1895), their children include Irne Joliot-Curie

and ve Curie.

Pierre Curie (15 May 1859 19 April 1906) was a Frenchphysicist, a pioneer incrystallography, magnetism,piezoelectricity and radioactivity, and Nobel laureate. In 1903 hereceived theNobel Prize in Physics with his wife, Maria Skodowska-Curie, and HenriBecquerel, "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their jointresearches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel"

Venkatraman Ramakrishnan


Venkatraman Ramakrishnan


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Born1952 (age 5758)

Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India

Residence United Kingdom

Citizenship United States

Fields Biochemistry and Biophysics

Institutions

MRCLaboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge,

England

Trinity College, University of Cambridge

Alma mater

Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda

Ohio University

University of California, San Diego

Known forStructure and function of the ribosome; macromolecular

crystallography

Notable

awards

Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine (2007)


Padma Vibhushan (2010)

Venkatraman "Venki" Ramakrishnan (Tamil: ; b. 1952)is an Indian-born American structural biologist, who shared the 2009Nobel Prize in Chemistrywith Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath, for "for studies of the structure and function of theribosome".[1] He currently works at the MRCLaboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge,England.[2]


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Kurt Alder

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

Kurt Alder

BornJuly 10, 1902

Knigshtte, Germany

Died20 June 1958 (aged 55)

Cologne, Germany

Nationality Germany

Fields Organic chemistry

InstitutionsI G Farben Industrie,

University of Cologne

Alma materUniversity of Berlin

University of Kiel

Known for Diels-Alder reaction

Notable awards Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1950)


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Kurt Alder (10 July 1902 20 June 1958) was a Germanchemist andNobel laureate.

[edit] Biography

Alder was born in the industrial area ofKnigshtte (Chorzw), Upper Silesia, where he

received his early schooling. Alder left the area for political reasons[citation needed]

whenKnigshtte became part ofPoland in 1922, he studied chemistry at the University of Berlinfrom 1922, and later at the University of Kiel where his PhD was awarded in 1926 for worksupervised by Diels.

In 1930 Alder was appointed reader for chemistry at Kiel, and promoted to lecturer in 1934. In1936 he left Kiel to join I G Farben Industrie at Leverkusen, where he worked on syntheticrubber. Then in 1940 he was appointed Professor of Experimental Chemistry and ChemicalTechnology at the University of Cologne and Director of the Institute of Chemistry there.Throughout this time and despite the many obstacles to original research in Europe at the time,he continued a systematic program of investigations of his particular interests in the synthesis of

organic compounds. In all he published more than 151 papers in this field.

Alder received several honorary degrees and other awards, most famously the 1950 Nobel Prizein Chemistry which he shared with his teacher Diels for their work on what is now known as theDiels-Alder reaction. The lunarcraterAlderis named in his honour. The insecticide aldrin,created through a Diels-Alder reaction, is also named after the scientist.

Francis William Aston


Jump to: navigation, searchFrancis William Aston

Born 1 September 1877


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Harborne, Birmingham

Died20 November 1945 (aged 68)

Cambridge

Nationality United Kingdom

Fields Chemistry,physics

Institutions University of Cambridge

Alma materUniversity of Birmingham

University of Cambridge

Doctoral advisor J. J. Thomson

Known forMass spectrograph

Whole Number Rule


Francis William Aston (1 September 1877 20 November 1945) was a Britishchemist andphysicist who won the 1922Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery, by means of his massspectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciationof the whole-number rule."[1][2] He was a fellow of the Royal Society and Fellow ofTrinityCollege, Cambridge.[3]

Melvin Calvin


Melvin Calvin

Melvin Calvin

Born April 8, 1911


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St. Paul, Minnesota, USA

DiedJanuary 8, 1997 (aged 85)

Berkeley, California

Nationality United States

Fields Chemistry, Biology

Institutions

University of Manchester

University of California, Berkeley

Berkeley Radiation Laboratory

Science Advisory Committee

Alma materMichigan College of Mining and Technology

University of Minnesota

Known for Calvin cycle

Notable awards

Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1961)Priestley Medal

Davy Medal

Gold Medal from American Institute of Chemists

National Medal of Science (1989)[1]

Melvin Ellis Calvin (April 8, 1911 - January 8, 1997) was an Americanchemist most famed fordiscovering the Calvin cycle along with Andrew Benson and James Bassham, for which he wasawarded the 1961Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He spent most of his five-decade career at theUniversity of California, Berkeley.

Calvin was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, the son of Russian Jewish immigrants. His father wasborn in Tsarist Lithuania and his mother in Tsarist Georgia. As a small child, Calvin's familymoved to Detroit; he graduated from Central High School in 1928.[2] Melvin Calvin earned hisBachelor of Science from the Michigan College of Mining and Technology (now known asMichigan Technological University) in 1931 and his Ph.D. in chemistry from the University ofMinnesota in 1935. He then spent the next four years doing postdoctoral work at the Universityof Manchester. He married Genevieve Jemtegaard in 1942, and they had three children, twodaughters and a son.

Calvin joined the faculty at the University of California, Berkeley in 1937 and was promoted to

Professor of Chemistry in 1947. During the 1950's he was among the first members of theSociety for General Systems Research. In 1963 he was given the additional title of Professor ofMolecular Biology. He was founder and Director of the Laboratory of Chemical Biodynamicsand simultaneously Associate Director ofBerkeley Radiation Laboratory, where he conductedmuch of his research until his retirement in 1980.

Using the carbon-14 isotope as a tracer, Calvin and his team mapped the complete route thatcarbon travels through a plant duringphotosynthesis, starting from its absorption as atmospheric


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carbon dioxide to its conversion into carbohydrates and other organic compounds. [3][4] In doingso, the Calvin group showed that sunlight acts on the chlorophyll in a plant to fuel themanufacturing of organic compounds, rather than on carbon dioxide as was previously believed.In his final years of active research, he studied the use of oil-producing plants as renewablesources of energy. He also spent many years testing the chemical evolution of life and wrote a

book on the subject that was published in 1969.

[5]

Otto Hahn


This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it hasinsufficient inline citations.Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. (June 2010)

Otto Hahn

Hahn in 1944

Born8 March 1879

Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Died Gttingen, Germany

Nationality German

Fields Radiochemistry, nuclear chemistry


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Alma mater University of Marburg

Doctoral advisor Theodor Zincke

Other

academic advisors

Sir William Ramsay, University College London,

Ernest Rutherford, McGill University Montreal,

Emil Fischer, Berlin

Doctoral students

Roland Lindner, Walter Seelmann-Eggebert, Fritz

Strassmann, Karl Erik Zimen, Hans Joachim Born,

Hans Gtte, Siegfried Flgge

Known for

Discovery of radioactive elements (1905-1921)

Radioactive Recoil (1909)

Fajans-Paneth-Hahn Law

Protactinium (1917)

Nuclear isomerism (1921)

Nuclear fission (1938)

Notable awards

Emil Fischer Medal (1919)

Cannizzaro Prize (1939)

Copernicus Prize (1941)


Max Planck Medal (1949)

Pour le Mrite (1952)

Faraday Medal (1956)

Lgion d'Honneur(1959)

Enrico Fermi Award (1966)

Otto Hahn (8 March 1879 28 July 1968) was a Germanchemist andNobel laureate whopioneered the fields ofradioactivity and radiochemistry. He is regarded as "the father of nuclearchemistry" and the "founder of the atomic age". Hahn was a courageous opposer of Jewishpersecution by the Nazis and after World War II he became a passionate campaigner against theuse of nuclear energy as a weapon. He served as the last President of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society(KWG) in 1946 and as the founding President of the Max Planck Society (MPG) from 1948 to1960. Considered by many to be a model for scholarly excellence and personal integrity, hebecame one of the most influential citizens of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Fritz Haber


Fritz Haber


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Born9 December 1868

Wrocaw, Germany

Died29 January 1934 (aged 65)

Basel, Switzerland

Nationality German

Fields Physical chemistry

InstitutionsSwiss Federal Institute ofTechnology

University of Karlsruhe

Alma materUniversity of Heidelberg, Humboldt University of Berlin

Technical University of Berlin

Doctoral

advisor Robert Bunsen

Known forFertilisers, Explosives, Haber process, Haber-Weiss

reaction, chemical warfare


Fritz Haber (9 December 1868 29 January 1934) was a German chemist, who received theNobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his development forsynthesizing ammonia, important forfertilizers and explosives. Haber, along with Max Born, proposed the BornHaber cycle as a

method for evaluating the lattice energy of an ionic solid. He has also been described as the"father ofchemical warfare" for his work developing and deploying chlorine and otherpoisonousgases during World War I.

Wilhelm Ostwald



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WilhelmOstwald

Born2 September 1853

Riga, Russian Empire

Died4 April 1932 (aged 78)

Leipzig, Germany

Nationality German

Fields Physical chemistry

Institutions

University of Dorpat

Riga Polytechnicum

University of Leipzig

Alma mater University of Dorpat

Doctoral advisor Carl Schmidt

Doctoral students

Arthur Amos Noyes

Georg Bredig

Paul Walden

Frederick George Donnan

Known forOstwald process

Ostwald viscometer


Friedrich WilhelmOstwald (Latvian: Vilhelms Ostvalds; 2 September 1853 4 April 1932)was a Baltic Germanchemist. He received theNobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909 for his work oncatalysis, chemical equilibria and reaction velocities. Ostwald, Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, andSvante Arrhenius are usually credited with being the modern founders of the field ofphysicalchemistry


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