CHEMISTRY OF THE LAVAS AND TEPHRA FROM THE RECENT … · Somma-Vesuvius is a composite volcano that has erupted silica-undersaturated and potassium-rich lavas and pyroclastics for

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHEMISTRY OF THE LAVAS AND TEPHRA FROM THE RECENT

(A.D. 1631-1944) VESUVIUS (ITALY) VOLCANIC ACTIVITY

By

Harvey E. Belkin 1 , Christopher RJ. Kilburn2 , and Benedetto De Vivo3

Open-File Report 93-399

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, product, or company names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

1 Mail Stop 959, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA 2Osservatorio Vesuviano, Centre di Sorveglianza, Via Manzoni 249, 80123

Napoli, Italy 3Dipartimento di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Universita di Napoli "Federico II",

Largo S. Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy

1993

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION AND GEOLOGIC SETTING ............................. 1TABLE 1. Arno cycles ................................................. 2METHODS ......................................................... 2

Sampling ...................................................... 2Analysis of Major element oxides .................................... 3Analysis of FeO ................................................. 3Analysis of CO2, H2O-, and H2O+ ................................... 3Analysis of S, Cl, and F ........................................... 4Analysis of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, La, and Ce by EDXRF ..... 4Analysis of Nb by IES/ICP-AES ..................................... 4Analysis of Be, Li, Ni, V, and Y by ICP-AES ........................... 4Analysis of Pb by AAS ............................................ 4INAA ........................................................ 5

DATA TABLE EXPLANATIONS ........................................ 5All tables ...................................................... 5Table 2 explanation .............................................. 6Table 3 explanation .............................................. 7Table 4 explanation .............................................. 7

DATA AVAILABILITY ............................................... 7SAMPLE LOCATIONS ................................................ 7

Explanation of sample location maps ................................. 7REFERENCES ...................................................... 8APPENDIX A ....................................................... 10

TABLES

TABLE 2. Chemistry of Vesuvius lavas .................................. 14TABLE 3. Chemistry of Vesuvius tephra ................................. 32TABLE 4. Chemistry of Vesuvius lavas .................................. 33

FIGURES

FIGURE 1. Sample location map A ...................................... 41FIGURE 2. Sample location map B ...................................... 42FIGURE 3. Sample location map C ...................................... 43FIGURE 4. Explanation of sample location maps A, B, and C .................. 44

INTRODUCTION AND GEOLOGIC SETTING

The A.D. 1631 eruption of volcano Vesuvius, in Naples, Italy, began more than 300 years of nearly constant eruptive activity. The succeeding activity was predominately effusive with only minor pyroclastic events usually at the end of an eruptive cycle. This continuous, relatively low energy activity made Vesuvius an ideal laboratory for volcanologists and petrologists until its last eruption in AD. 1944. The literature pertaining to Vesuvius begins with Pliny the Younger's letter to Tacitus describing the A.D. 79 "Pompei" eruption and continues today as new studies continue to add to the body of work used to interpret and model its past and perhaps future activity. Systematic study and chemical analysis of the Vesuvius products began with Johnston-Laves (1884) and Washington (1906), respectively. Recent studies are discussed by Barberi et al., (1981) and Santacroce (1983). Modern analytical work is reviewed by Joron et al. (1987). This report presents the comprehensive chemical database which has been determined as part of an ongoing study (Belkin et al., 1991; Belkin et al., 1993) of the petrogenesis of the recent AD. 1631-1944 Vesuvius activity. The data generated by such an analytical program will provide a base for use in petrologic analysis as well as in derivative and complementary studies such as detailed modal and chemical petrography and isotopic analysis. The importance and utility of such a unified data set arises from the fact that although Vesuvius has been extensively studied, few workers have presented complete analyses.

Mt. Somma-Vesuvius is part of the Roman potassic province of Washington (1906) located east of Naples, at the southern boundary of the Campanian plain. Mt. Somma-Vesuvius is a composite volcano that has erupted silica-undersaturated and potassium-rich lavas and pyroclastics for at least 25,000 years. The eruptive history of Somma-Vesuvius can be divided into three periods; (1) the early historic period before the AD. 79 "Pompei" plinian eruption, (2) the middle period covering A.D. 79 to 1631 and (3) the recent period of activity from A.D. 1631 to 1944. The most recent eruptive period represents an almost continuous series of mild, mostly effusive lavas ranging in composition from phonolitic-leucitite to tephritic-leucitite. The average SiO2 content is 48.0 wt.% and the rocks are classified as tephriphonolites according to their alkali (I^O + Na2O) content. All of the lavas are silica-undersaturated and are nepheline, leucite, and olivine normative.

The proximity of Vesuvius to the resources and study of renaissance and post- renaissance Europe plus recent detailed mapping (Rosi et al., 1987) has provided historical documentation for the reconstruction of this recent period. We have used as a base for sampling (figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4) the recent map of Rosi et al., (1987). A recent compilation and discussion of the eruptive history, chemistry, petrography, and geophysics of Mt. Somma-Vesuvius can be found in Santacroce (1987) and references therein.

All the flows consist of moderately viscous lavas with either aa or pahoehoe surfaces. They are homogeneous in appearance, either vesicular or massive, and phaneritic with well developed leucite or pyroxene phenocrysts. Arno et al., (1987) has divided the recent period activity into 18 eruptive cycles. These cycles start with the A.D. 1638 effusive activity. The question of the existence of lavas erupted with the A.D. 1631

explosive activity is contentious. For the purpose of this report, we will consider those rocks labelled as pre-A.D. 1631 by Rosi et al., (1987) to be A.D. 1631 lavas (figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4).

Arno et al. (1987) defined eighteen eruption cycles (Table 1) for the recent period of activity based on the collection, interpretation, and synthesis of historical data. Quiescent periods between episodes never exceeded seven years. The cycle typically closed with more vigorous eruptions perhaps resulting from external sources (e.g., earthquakes) (Arno et al., 1987). These final-cycle eruptions are thought to empty the shallow magma reservoir. Apparently only 1-7 years was necessary to refill the lava column within the conduit. After re-establishment of the lava column strombolian activity typically begins a new cycle.

Table 1. Eighteen cycles of Vesuvius recent activity defined by Arn6 et al., (1987).

cycle 1cycle 2cycle 3cycle 4cycle 5cycle 6cycle 7cycle 8cycle 9cycle 10cycle 1 1cycle 12cycle 13cycle 14cycle 15cycle 16cycle 17cycle 18

A.D. 1638-1682A.D. 1685-1694A.D. 1696-1698A.D. 1700-1707A.D. 1712-1737A.D. 1742-1761A.D. 1764-1767A.D. 1770-1779A.D. 1783-1794A.D. 1799-1822A.D. 1825-1834A.D. 1835-1839A.D. 1841-1850A.D. 1854-1861A.D. 1864-1868A.D. 1870-1872A.D. 1874-1906A.D. 1907-1944

METHODS

SamplingRepresentative samples of bedrock or quarry outcrops were collected, labelled,

and located (figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4) on the 1:25000 geologic base of Rosi et al., (1987). Samples from locations that were later judged to be uncertain are not included. Appendix A summarizes the location and field notes. Obviously weathered or altered samples were avoided. The data reported here were obtained from aliquants ground in tungsten carbide at the University of Rome, Italy or from aliquants ground in Reston, Virginia using a jaw crusher with hardened Mn-steel plates and a grinder with alumina plates.

The following abbreviations for various analytical techniques are used in the

discussions below; ion exchange separation - inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (IES/ICP-AES), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXRF), F - selective ion electrode (F-SIE), Cl - selective ion electrode (Cl-SIE), and S - combustion/IR spectrometry (S-C/IRS).

The description of the methods that follows was adapted from the summaries supplied by the analysts for each method; for a more complete discussion of the various analytical methods used in this report the reader is referred to Baedecker (1987).

Analysis of Major Element OxidesMajor element oxides (Si, Al, Fetotal, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Ti, P, Mn) were determined

in representative aliquots by WDXRF using the method of Taggart et al., (1987). Total iron was determined as Fe2O3. The true value of Fe2O3 was calculated after FeO determination. 800 mg samples are weighed and then ignited in a Pt-Au crucible at 900 to 925°C for 45 minutes. The samples are reweighed after cooling to determine the total loss on ignition (LOI). The ignited samples are then fused with 8 g of lithium tetraborate by heating at 1120°C for 40 minutes, poured into Pt molds, and the resultant glass disc is irradiated by X-rays generated by a Rh-target tube operating at 35 kV and a current of 60 mA. Characteristic X-rays emitted by each element in the sample are counted, corrected for matrix effects using the deJongh (1973) model, and the concentrations are determined using previously prepared calibration standards. The concentration data are then recalculated to account for any mass change on ignition.

Analysis of FeOThe method used is that of Peck (1964). A 500 mg sample is decomposed using

HF and H2SO4. The resultant solution is treated with boric and phosphoric acids. Fe2+ is determined by a colorimetric or a potentiometric titration with potassium dichromate. Sodium diphenylamine sulfonate is used as the endpoint indicator in the colorimetric titration.

Analysis of CO2. H2O-. and H2O+.CO2 - The method of Engleman et al. (1985) was used. A 500 mg sample is first

digested with HC1O4. Any CO2 that is evolved is carried into a coulometric cell. The CO2 is converted into a strong acid by ethanolamine, and is titrated coulometrically.

H2O- - A 1 g sample is weighed and dried at 110°C for a minimum of 1 hour. The sample is placed in a desiccator and cooled. The sample is weighed again and the H2O" is determined by difference (Shapiro, 1975).

H2O+ - The method of Jackson et al. (1987) was used. A 50 mg sample is mixed with 150 mg of lead oxide/lead chromate flux. The sample is heated to 950°C. The evolved water is determined coulometrically by a Karl-Fischer titration. The titration yields the total H2O in the sample. H2O + is thus determined from the difference between total H2O and H2O"

Analysis of S. Cl. and F.Sulfur: The combustion/IR spectroscopy method of Kirschenbaum (1983) was

used. A 200 mg sample is weighed and vanadium pentoxide is added as a combustion aid. The mixture is combusted in a sulfur analyzer and the sulfur dioxide is measured by an infra-red detector.

Chlorine: A 200 mg sample is decomposed using KMnO4, HF, and H2SO4 in a specially designed, sealed teflon vessel. Chlorine is captured in a KOH/Na2SO3 solution in the center compartment of the container and then determined as chloride by the selective ion electrode method of Aruscavage and Campbell (1983).

Fluorine: A 100 mg sample is fused with a NajCO-j/ZnO flux. The fusion cake is leached with H2O. HC1 is added to liberate any CO2. An aliquot of the sample solution is buffered with a sodium citrate/KNO3 solution. This solution is analyzed for fluorine, as fluoride, by the selective ion electrode method of Kirschenbaum (1988).

Analysis of Cr. Ni. Cu. Zn. Rb. Sr. Y. Zr. Nb. Ba. La. and Ce bv EDXRFApproximately 1.0 g of 100-mesh, powdered sample is pressed into a Mylar cup.

Samples are analyzed using a Kevex 700 EDXRF spectrometer with a Kevex 7000 analyzer (Johnson, 1984; Johnson and King, 1987). The secondary targets used to fluoresce each element were: Cr = Iron; Ni, Cu, and Zn = Germanium; Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, and Nb = Silver; Ba, La, and Ce = Gadolinium. Corrections are made for background interferences, escape peaks, and spectral overlaps. Sources of error inherent to EDXRF analysis are corrected using the Compton ratio method. Trace element concentrations in the samples are calculated from calibration graphs of the intensity ratio versus concentration for a series of standard reference materials found in Abbey (1983).

Analysis of Nb bv IES/ICP-AESA 100 mg sample is decomposed with HNO3, HC1O4, and HF and evaporated to

dryness overnight. The residue is dissolved in 15 mL of 8N HC1. The solution is passed through an ion exchange column to remove the alkali metals. The chloride form of Nb is absorbed onto the resin. The column is washed with 5N HF to remove Fe. A solution of 7N HNO3 is poured through the column to quantitatively strip the Nb from the resin. This fraction is collected and evaporated to dryness. The residue is dissolved in 2 mL of 2N HC1 and analyzed by ICP-AES. Estimates of detection limits are given by Wilson et al. (1987).

Analysis of Be. Li. Ni V. and Y bv ICP-AESA 100 mg sample is decomposed with HNO3, HC1O4, and HF and evaporated to

dryness overnight. The residue is dissolved in 10 mL of 2N HC1. Analysis of Be, Li, Ni, V, and Y is done directly on this solution by ICP-AES (Lichte et al., 1987). Ni at <20 ppm was analyzed by the graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry method.

Analysis of Pb by AASA 100 mg sample is decomposed with HNO3, HC1O4, and HF and evaporated to

dryness overnight. The residue is dissolved in 10 mL of 2N HC1. Analysis of Pb was

done directly on the solution by flame atomic absorption (Aruscavage and Crock, 1987).

INAASample aliquants of -0.5 g each are irradiated for 6-8 hours at a flux of ~2xl012 n-

cm"2 -s' 1 in the "TRIGA" reactor at the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado. Standards for most elements are aliquants of a powdered natural obsidian spiked with primary solutions, taken to dryness and homogenized. Standards for Ca, Ti, and Au are powdered CaCO3, TiO2, and homogeneous low-Au quartz, respectively. At least one replicate sample and one USGS standard rock are irradiated together with the samples and standards. Samples are counted three times on co-axial Ge and/or Ge(Li) detectors with resolutions ranging from 1.78 to 1.86 KeV measured at 1.33 MeV using the following scheme: 1 hour counts after 6-8 days of decay, 2 hour counts after 14-17 days of decay, and 2-4 hour counts -50 days after irradiation. In addition, one count is done on an intrinsic Ge, low-energy photon detector (for one hour, 8-10 days after irradiation).

Gamma-ray spectra are analyzed for Na, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, Au, Th, U, and W using the appropriate isotopes. Computer processing is done with SPECTRA and associated programs on a VAX11/780 computer or an IBM-PC compatible computer (Grossman and Baedecker, 1987; Baedecker and McKown, 1987; Baedecker and Grossman, 1989). Corrections are made for spectral interferences as well as for interferences on Zr, Mo, Ba, La, Ce, and Nd from the products of 235U fission produced during irradiation.

DATA TABLE EXPLANATIONS

One hundred and forty-nine lavas and five tephra have been analyzed. Three tables (Tables 2, 3, and 4) present the complete chemical data set acquired by chemists in the U.S. Geological Survey laboratories located in Reston, Virginia, Denver, Colorado, and Menlo Park, California. The following analysts are all from the Branch of Geochemistry, U.S. Geological Survey; P.A. Baedecker, J.N. Grossman, and G. Wandless (INAA), M.W. Doughten (IES/ICP-AES and AAS), J. Kent and J.R. Evans (EDXRF), CJ. Skeen (Cl-SIE & S-C/IRS), J.R. Gillison-Colbert (F-SIE), H. Smith, M.G. Kavulak, W.B. Crandell, and C.L. Prosser (FeO, CO2, H2O+ and H2O-), J. Taggart, J.S. Mee, A, Bartel, and D.F. Siems (WDXRF).

All tablesThe data for the major elements and volatiles are given usually to two decimal

places except SiO2, A12O3, and FeO. The Fe2O3 reported in the tables was derived by the following equation; Fe2O3 = Fe2O3total - (FeO 1.1113). Values reported as upper limits (e.g., < 0.01) are included but were at or below the indicated detection limit. The samples are listed in each table from the oldest to the youngest date of eruption and within each date, they are listed by decreasing MgO value. Other abbreviations are na = not analyzed or reported, LOI = loss on ignition, and FeOT = total iron calculated

as FeO.All the major elements and volatiles given in Table 2, 3, and 4 were analyzed by

the techniques described above. However, some elements were determined by more than one analytical procedure. In the explanation of the tables below, the particular preferred analytical technique selected for these elements is identified. Although all intermethod biases are believed to be less than 20%, in some cases the detection limits differ significantly.

TABLE 2 EXPLANATIONTable 2 represents 103 lava analyses that were selected as representative of their

particular eruptions and were subsequently analyzed by INAA.

Analysis code a = the sample submitted for INAA was an aliquant of the rock that was ground inReston, VA with steel/alumina as described above.

Analysis code b = the sample submitted for INAA was an aliquant of the rock that was ground in Rome,Italy with tungsten carbide as described above.

Sc -INAA Cr -INAA Co - INAA V - ICP-AES Ni -ICP-AES Zn -INAA Cu - EDXRF W -INAA Mo - INAA Sb - INAA As -INAA Li - ICP-AES Be -ICP-AES Zr -EDXRF Hf -INAANb - IES/ICP-AES = analysis code c: EDXRF = analysis code d Ta -INAA Th -INAA U -INAA Rb - EDXRF Cs - INAA Sr -EDXRF Ba -EDXRF Pb -AAS Y - ICP-AES La -INAA Ce - INAA Nd - INAA Sm - INAA Eu -INAA Tb -INAA Yb - INAA Lu -INAA Au -INAA

Table 2 miscellaneous notes: The Pb value for sample V77 was confirmed by duplicate analysis. The Au value for V39 was checked to verify that it was not an instrumental error.

TABLE 3 EXPLANATIONTable 3 presents 5 tephra that were analyzed by INAA. The analytical technique

preferences and codes are the same as those defined in table 2.

TABLE 4 EXPLANATIONTable 4 presents 46 lava analyses and represents the remainder of the lavas. Cr, Ni,

Zn, Cu, Zr, Nb, Rb, Sr, Ba, Y, La, and Ce were all determined by EDXRF.

DATA AVAILABILITY

Digital versions of the data tabulated in this report are available on double-sided high-density (1.2 MB) 5W1 floppy diskettes and double-sided high-density (1.4 MB) floppy diskettes in a form compatible with the IBM-PC versions of QUATTRO PRO or LOTUS 1-2-3 spreadsheets. The data are also available on double-sided low-density or high-density diskettes compatible with MACINTOSH Computer using a EXCEL spreadsheet. Either version can be obtained from the senior author; please send a diskette with instructions concerning compatibility.

SAMPLE LOCATIONS

We have used as a base for sampling (figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4) the recent map of Rosi et al., (1987) that includes new mapping plus historical reconstruction.

Explanation of sample location mapsThe pertinent geographic area containing the recent flows has been divided up into

three sections, western (fig. 1), central (fig. 2), and eastern (fig. 3) as noted in fig. 4. The 1:25000 scale map of Rosi et al. (1987) has been simplified in terms of the map patterns that distinguished the volcanic products of the period A.D. 1637-1944 (fig. 4). Appendix A provides details of the locations. The three maps are reproduced at a scale of 1:50000.

REFERENCES

Abbey S. [1983] Studies in "standard samples" of silicate rocks and minerals, 1969-1982.Geological Survey of Canada Paper, 83-15, 114 p.

Arno, V., Principe, C, Rosi, M., Santacroce, R., Sbrana, A. and Sheridan, M.F. [1987]Eruptive History. In Somma-Vesuvius. (R. Santacroce, ed.) Consiglio Nazionale dellaRicerche Quaderni de "La Ricerca Scientifica" vol. 8, 114, p. 53-103.

Aruscavage, P.J. and Campbell, E.Y. [1983] An ion selective electrode method for thedetermination of chlorine in geologic materials. Talanta. 30, p. 745-749.

Aruscavage, P.J. and Crock, J.G. [1987] Atomic absorption methods. In Methods forGeochemical Analysis (Baedecker, P.A., ed.), U.S. Geological Survey Bull. 1770. p.C1-C6.

Baedecker, P.A. (ed.) [1987] Methods for geochemical analysis. U.S. Geological SurveyBulletin 1770, chapters A-K.

Baedecker, P.A. and McKown, D.M. [1987] Instrumental neutron activation analysis ofgeochemical materials. In Methods for geochemical analysis. (Baedecker, P.A., ed.),U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1770, p. H1-H14.

Baedecker, P.A. and Grossman, J.N. [1989] The computer analysis of high resolutiongamma-ray spectra from instrumental activation analysis experiments. U.S. GeologicalSurvey Open-File Report, 89-454, 88 p.

Barberi, F., Bizouard, H., Clocchiatti, R., Metrich, N., Santacroce, R., and Sbrana, A.[1981] The Somma-Vesuvius magma chamber: a petrological and volcanologicalapproach. Bull. Volcanol., 44, p. 295-315.

Belkin, H.E., Kilburn, C.R.J., De Vivo, B., and Trigila, R. [1991] Sampling and analyticalchemistry of the recent Vesuvius activity (A.D. 1631-1944). International Conferenceon Active Volcanoes and Risk Mitigation, Abstracts, 27 Aug.- 1 Sept. 1991, Napoli,Italy, unpaginated.

Belkin, H.E., Kilburn, C.R.J., and De Vivo, B. [1993] Sampling and major elementchemistry of the recent (A.D. 1631-1944) Vesuvius activity. Journal of Volcanologyand Geothermal Research, 58, p. 273-290.

deJongh, W.K. [1973] X-ray fluorescence analysis applying theoretical matrix correlations- Stainless steel. X-Ray Spectrometry, 2, p. 151-158.

Engleman, E.E., Jackson, L.L., and Norton, D.R. [1985] Determination of carbonatecarbon in geological materials by coulometric titration. Chem. Geol., 53, p. 125-128.

Grossman, J.N. and Baedecker, P.A. [1987] Interactive methods for data reduction andquality control in INAA. Journal Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 113, p. 43-59.

Jackson, L.L., Brown, F.W., and Neil, S.T. [1987] Major and minor elements requiringindividual determination, classical whole rock analysis, and rapid rock analysis. InMethods for Geochemical Analysis (Baedecker, P.A., ed.), U.S. Geological SurveyBull. 1770. p. G1-G23.

Johnson, R.G. [1984] Trace element analysis of silicates by means of energy-dispersive X-ray Spectrometry. X-Ray Spectrometry, 13, p. 64-68.

Johnson, R.G. and King, B.-S.L. [1987] Energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescenceSpectrometry. In Methods for Geochemical Analysis (Baedecker, P.A., ed.), U.S.

8

Geological Survey Bull. 1770. p. F1-F5. Johnston-Laves, HJ. [1884] The geology of Monte Somma and Vesuvius, being a study in

volcanology. Geol. Soc. London Quart. J., 40, p. 35-119. Joron, J.L., Metrich, N., Rosi, M, Santacroce, R. and Sbrana, A. [1987] Chemistry and

Petrography. In Somma-Vesuvius. (R. Santacroce, ed.) Consiglio Nazionale dellaRicerche Quaderni de "La Ricerca Scientifica", vol. 8, 114, p. 105-174.

Kirschenbaum, H., [1983] The classical chemical analysis of rocks - the old and the new.U.S. Geological Survey Bull., 1547. 55p.

Kirschenbaum, H., [1988] The determination of fluoride in silicate rocks by ion selectiveelectrode: an update. U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report no. 88-588, 5p.

Lichte, F.E., Golightly, D.W. and Lamothe, PJ. [1987] Inductively coupled plasma-atomicemission spectrometry. In Methods for Geochemical Analysis (Baedecker, P.A., ed.),U.S. Geological Survey Bull. 1770, p. B1-B10.

Peck, L.C., [1964] Systematic analysis of silicates. U.S. Geological Survey Bull. 1170,89p.

Rosi, M., Santacroce, R., and Sbrana, A. [1987] Geological map (1:25000) of Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex. In Somma-Vesuvius. (R. Santacroce, ed.) ConsiglioNazionale della Ricerche Quaderni de "La Ricerca Scientifica", vol. 8, 114:.

Santacroce, R. [1983] A general model for the behavior of the Somma-Vesuvius volcaniccomplex. J. Volcanol. Geothermal. Res., 17, p. 237-248.

Santacroce, R. (ed.) [1987] Somma-Vesuvius. Consiglio Nazionale della RicercheQuaderni de "La Ricerca Scientifica", vol. 8, 114, p. 1-251.

Shapiro, L., [1975] Rapid analysis of silicate, carbonate, and phosphate rocks - revisededition. U.S. Geological Survey Bull. 1401, 76p.

Taggart, I.E., Lindsey, J.R., Scott, B.A., Vivit, D.V., Bartell, A.J., and Stewart, K.C.[1987] Analysis of geologic materials by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescencespectrometry. In Methods for Geochemical Analysis (Baedecker, P.A., ed.), U.S.Geological Survey Bull. 1770, p. E1-E19.

Washington, H.S. [1906] The Roman Comagmatic Region. Carnegie Inst. Washington.publ. 57, 199p.

Wilson, S.A., Kane, J.S., Crock, J.G., and Hatfield, D.B. [1987] Chemical methods ofseparation for optical emission, atomic absorption spectrometry, and colorimetry. InMethods for Geochemical Analysis (Baedecker, P.A., ed.), U.S. Geological SurveyBull. 1770, p. D1-D14.

APPENDIX A

List of the samples of A.D. 1631-1944 Vesuvius recent products (collected in 1988 by CRJK). Samples located using the 1:25000 geological map of Somma-Vesuvio by Rosi et al., 1987. Where appropriate, locations are given as direction and distance from the center of the Gran Cono (GC), the central cone of Vesuvius.

Abbreviations: TA = Torre Annunziata; TG = Torre del Greco; M not in Dipartimento di Geofisica e Vulcanologia; SUM = summit

Samples cut by "marble" cutter,

LAVA SAMPLESSample No.

V1V2V3V4V5V6V7V8V9V10V11V12V13V14V15V16V17V18V19V20

V21V22V23V24V25V26V27V28V29V30V31V32V32aV33V34V35V36

Full Referenc

V/1631/2TAV/1631/3TAV/1631/4TAV/1631/3TGV/1631/4TGV/1 631/5V/1 631/7V/1 694/1V/1 694/2V/1 694/3V/1 697/1V/1 697/1 MV/1 697/2V/1697/2MV/1697/3MV/1 71 4/1 MV/1 71 4/2V/1 71 7/1 MV/1717/2MV/1 723/1

V/1 737/1V/1 737/2V/1 737/3V/1 737/4V/1 751/1V/1 751/2V/1 751/3V/1 754/1V/1 754/3V/1 754/4V/1 760/1V/1760/2MV/1760/2MV/1 760/3V/1 760/4V/1760/5MV/1 760/6

Location

Torre Annunziata; Lido, NR Terme Vesuviane.asV1.asV1.Torre del Greco; FS Stazione.asV4.Torre Annunziata; Stazione Sta Maria la Bruna.asV6.5 km W GC; 750 m ESE Cim. di Resina.asV8.asV8.Torre del Greco; Campo Sportive; 4.25 km SW GC.asV11.asV11.asV11.Torre del Greco; NE of Autostrada; 5 km SE GC.Boscotrecase Road; 5 km SSE GC.SSW Massa del Carceriere; 3.75 km SE GC.Cappella Nuova; 4.2 km S GC.as V18.Terzigno; Campo Sportive; 3.7 km ENE GC.[Note: what is mapped as a 1723 dagala maybe 1906 material]200 m N Casa Serpe; 3.25 km SW GC.asV21.Fosso Bianco; 2.75 km SW GC.as V23.Boscoreale; Villa Massa; 6.4 km SE GC.as V25.as V25.N branch; 3.8 km SE GC.N branch; 5.3 km SE GC.S branch; Boscoreale (Balzani); 4.8 km SE GC.Torre Annunziata; C. Ranieri; 7 km S GC.asV31.as V31; thin section only.asV31.W of Berardinelli; 5.1 km S GC.as V34.100 m S of vent area; 4.1 km S GC.

10

V37V38V39V40V41V42V43V44V45V45aV46V47V49V50V51V52V53V54V55V56V57V58V59V60V61V62V63V64V65V66V67V68V69V70V71V72V73V74V75V76V76aV77V78V79V80V81V82V83V84V85V86

V/1760/7 V/1760/8 V/1767/1 V/1767/2 V/1767/3 V/1761-71/1 V/1761-71/3M V/1794/2 V/1794/3 V/1794/4 V/1794/6 V/1794/7 V/1805/1 V/1805/2 V/1805/3 V/1805/4 V/1806/1 V/1806/2 V/1806/3 V/1806/4 V/1806/5 V/1822/1 V/1822/3 V/1822/4 V/1834/2M V/1834/3 V/1834/6 V/1834/8 V/1839/1M V/1839/2 V/1839/3 V/1847/1a V/1847/2M V/1850/1 V/1850/2 V/1850/3 V/1855/1 V/1855/1M V/1855/2 V/1855/3M V/1855/3M V/1855/4 V/1858/1 V/1858/2 V/1858/3 V/1858/4M V/1858/5 V/1861/2 V/1861/3 V/1867/1 V/1867/2

asV36.E of Massa S. Giorgio; 4.9 km S GC.toe of flow; N of Cim. di Portici; 5.5 km WSW GC.N of San Vrto; 4.3 km WNW GC.asV40.Torre del Greco; 3.25 km WSW GC.Torre del Greco; facing Casa Rossa; 3.5 km WSW GC.Torre del Greco; lowest vent area; 3 km SW GC.as V44.Torre del Greco; Port; 6.5 km SE GC (100 m NW V46); thin section only.Torre del Greco; Port; 6.5 km SW GC.Torre del Greco; SE margin of flow; 6.3 km SW GC.S branch; 750 M NE Camaldoli; SE of C. Luciniello; 4.5 km SSW GC.as V49.as V49.middle branch; near Villa Cervasio 4.5 km SSW GC.S branch; 750 m E of Camaldoli; 4.7 km SSW GC.S branch; 375 m N Cappella Nuova; 4 km SSW GC.asV54.N branch; 375 m NE Lamaria; 5 km SW GC.asV56.forestale; 2 km S GC.forestale; 2.1 km S GC.forestale; 2.6 km S GC.quarry 600 m NW Boccia al Mauro; 6.3 km ESE GC.asV61.asV61.WSW of Terzigno; 3.1 km SE GC.S of Terzigno; 5.7 km ESE GC.S of Terzigno; 5.1 km ESE GC.asV66.forestale; 1.9kmSWGC.forestale; 2.1 km SE GC.W margin of exposure; 1.9 km SSE GC.2 km SSE GC.2.1 km SSE GC.N branch; S. Sebastiano (dagala); 5.9 km WNW GC.asV73.N branch, W toe; S. Sebastiano; 6.75 km WNW GC.asV75.as V75; thin section only.as V75.forestale; 1.3kmWGC.N side of road to Ercolano; 4 km WNW GC.E side of road to Ercolano; 3.5 km W GC.asV80.N side of road to Ercolano; 3 km WNW GC.Torre del Greco, Hospital; 4 km SW GC.Torre del Greco; toe of flow; 4.75 km SW GC.forestale; 1.5 km S Colli Umberto; 1.3 km SE GC.asV85.

11

V87

V87aV88V90V91V92V92aV93V93gV94V95V96V97V98V99V100V101V102V104V105V106V107V108V108aV108bV109V110V111V112V113V114V115V116V117V118V119V120V121V122V123V124V125V126V127V128

V129 V130 V131 V132

V/1868/1

V/1868/2 V/1871-72/1 V/1872/2a V/1872/2 V/1872/3 V/1872/4 V/1881/1 V/1881/1 V/1881/2 V/1883-1906/1 V/1886/1 V/1891-94/1 V/1891-94/2M V/1895-99/1 V/1895/99/2 V/1895-99/3 V/1895-99/4 V/1906/3 V/1906/3M V/1906/4B V/1906/7M V/1906/8M V/1906/8M V/1906/8M V/1906/10 V/1906/12M V/1913-44/1 V/1913/44/2 V/1929/1M V/1929/3 V/1929/3 V/1929/4 V/1929/5 V/1929/6M V/1929/7M V/1941-42/1 V/1941-42/1 V/1944/1/? V/1944/1/1 a V/1944/1/1 a V/1944/1/1b V/1944/1/1c V/1944/1/1d V/1944/1/2a

V/1944/1/2b V/1944/1/2c V/1944/1/2d V/1944/1/3

quarry face N of Stazione Inferiore delta Funivia; two thin sections;covered by 1872 lava; 4 km ENE GC.as V87.toe of flow; NW of C. Cerasiello; 3,7 km WSW GC.forestale; 1.8kmSWGC.N branch; S. Sebastiano; 5.5 km WNW GC.S branch; S. Sebastiano; 4 km WNW GC.above S. Sebastiano; 2.75 km WNW GC; thin section only.tumulus on ESE flank of GC f?50 m ESE GC").glassy sample, thin section only; as V93.asV93.Cogndetta; 2 km SE GC.forestale; 2 km SW GC.between C. Margherita & Umberto; 1 km NNW GC.between C. Margherita & Umberto; 1 km NW GC.forestale; 1.9 km WNW GC.as V99.E side of Colli Umberto; 1.25 km NW GC.NW side of Colli Umberto; 1.75 km NW GC.as V105.N Boscotrecase; middle branch, E limb; 6.3 km SSE GC.N Boscotrecase; middle branch, W limb; 4.6 km SSE GC.W branch; E of C. Aniello; 4 km SSE GC.as V107.as V108; thin section only.as V108; thin section only.within Somma Caldera; Piazzale; 1.3 km SE GC.as V109.Valle deirinferno; 1.6 km E GC.Valle dell'lnferno; 1.6 km ESE GC.S branch; NE of Terrioni; 3.6 km SE GC.N branch; Terzigno, S side of road to Campo Sportive; 4.4 km ESE GC.asV114.N branch; Terzigno, S side of road Sportive (NW); 3.6 km ESE GC.N branch, S margin; 3.3 km ESE GC.asV117.S branch; S of Buscodi Cupaccia; 2.8 km SE GC.hornitoes; 1.55 km SE GC.hornitoes; 1.5 km SE GC.Main (S. Sebastiano) flow; 2.25 km NW GC.asV122.asV122.asV122.asV122.main flow; by road; 2.5 km NW GC.main flow; Colle Margherita; 1.25 km NNE GC; 3 orthogonal thinsections.as V128.as V128.as V128.main flow; tumulus, Atrio del Cavallo; 1.1 km NNE GC.

12

V133V134V135V135aV135b

V136V136aV136bV137V138V138aV139V139aV140V141V142V142aV143V143V144V145V145aV146V147V148V149V149aV150V151V154V155

V156

V/1 944/1/4V/1 944/1 a/1V/1 944/1 a/2V/1 944/1 a/3V/1 944/1 a/4

V/1 944/1 a/6MV/1 944/1 a/6V/1 944/1 a/5V/1 944/1 a/7V/1 944/1 b/1Mv/1 944/1 b/1V/1 944/1 b/2MV/1 944/1 b/2V/1944/2aV/1944/3aV/1 944/4/1 aV/1 944/4/1 bV/1 944/5/1V/1 944/5/3V/1 944/5/2V/1 944/6/1 pV/1 944/6/1V/1 944/6/2V/1 944/6/3V/1944/SUM/1V/1944/SUM/2V/1944/SUM/3V/1 906/1 3V/1 906/1 4V/1 906/1 7V/1 906/1 8

V/1944/D1

TEPHRA SAMPLES

Sample

V44T1V44T2V44T3V06T1V06T2

Number

1944; 1.1 kmNf1944; 1.1 kmNl1944; rim of Soi1906; from colle1906; from colle

main flow, W margin; 1 km N GC.main flow, N branch, N side; 4.4 km NW GC.as V134; 2 thin sections.as V134; thin section only.main flow, N branch ; S side opposite V134; 4.4 km NW GC; thinsection only.N side of 1872 dagala; 3.5 km NW GC.as V136; thin section only.as V136; thin section only.main flow, N branch, N limb; S. Sebastiano; 5.5 km NW GC.main flow, S branch; S of 1872 dagala; 3 km NW GC.as V138; thin section only.main flow, S branch; S of 1872 dagala; 3.2 km NW GC.as V139; thin section only.Cdle Margherita; toe of flow; 1 km NW GC.Colle Margherita; toe of flow; 1.2 km NW GC.forestale; 1.4 km W GC.as V142; thin section only.forestale; toe of N tongue; 1.5 km SE GC.forestale; as V143; thin section only.forestale; 1.4kmSEGC.forestale; 1.55 km S GC.as V145; thin section only.forestale; toe of eastern tongue; 1.9 km S GC.forestale; W margin; 1.6 km S GC.S rim of GC.SW rim of GC.NNW flank GC, close to rim, thin section only.N branch, near toe; Molara; 4.1 km SE GC.asV150.asV155.middle branch, S limb; S Boscotrecase, Circumvesuviana Railway; 6.75km SSE GC.toe of debris flow; by road, 1 km NNW GC; thin section only.

Location

1906; from collection of Dipart. Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Napoli, location unknown. 1906; from collection of Dipart. Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Napoli, location unknown.

13

Table 2: Vesuvius lavas (AD. 1631-1944)

Sample no.Date A.D.Laboratory no.Analysis code

SiO2 (wt.%)Ti02AI2O3Fe2O3FeOMnOMgOCaONa2OK2OH2O+H2O-P2O5CO2FClS-O=F,CI,STotal

FeOT (wt.%) LOI (wt.%)Fe3+/Fe2+

Sc (ppm)CrCoVNiZnCuWMoSbAsLiBeZrHfNbTaThURbCsSrBaPbYLaCeNdSmEuTbYbLuAu (ppb)

V41631

W-255757a,c

48.20.9614.95.332.5

0.146.5511.81.786.200.280.050.810.020.210.16

<0.01

0.1399.76

7.30 0.191.9

29.919330.525163761183.72.7

0.418.8157.81744.0724

1.3914.474.76262

15.1784117003227

39.077.834.38.992.020.9441.98

0.269<7

V61631

W-255692a,c

47.51.0117.35.033.40.154.319.812.227.120.280.060.920.010.220.48

<0.01

0.2299.60

7.93 0.111.3

15.8020.530.025129801166.75.5

0.357.8157.81954.4728

1.6519.05.3527717.5104021303629

53.9106.747.911.192.481.082.250.300<6

V31631

W-255758a,c

48.40.9317.73.164.70.153.698.442.637.890.470.120.790.020.260.55

<0.01

0.2699.64

7.54 0.310.6

12.8826.626.623625801196.85.8

0.5111.4209.62204.7435

2.0422.27.2030818.1111021904328

54.9103.741.49.642.220.9892.31

0.301<6

V21631

W-255693a,c

48.40.9217.84.373.60.153.688.332.728.060.410.220.78

<0.010.250.05

<0.01

0.1299.62

7.53 0.321.1

12.7624.926.52232781977.34.7

0.4758.12011

1974.7737

2.0022.57.4534518.311602260

2527

54.9105.147.59.922.210.9752.220.292

<7

V91694

W-246236b,d

48.10.9716.13.634.30.145.4310.62.326.540.160.020.870.010.190.42

<0.01

0.1999.61

7.57 <0.01

0.8

25.677.5na

2413874117na3.6

0.227.8137.01984.6323na

19.46.2528017.585317902826

48.097.143.310.372.351.142.070.305

<6

V101694

W-255753a,c

48.10.9916.64.064.00.145.0510.22.426.800.160.080.890.010.190.340.02

0.1899.88

7.66 0.030.9

26.078.529.724237741154.4<5

0.308.2147.12024.6528

1.6219.26.2228718.187418602926

48.395.842.710.542.351.0282.05

0.281<7

14

Table 2:


SiO2 (wt.%)TiO2AI2O3Fe2O3FeOMnOMgOCaONa2OK2OH2O+H2O-P2O5CO2FClS-O=F,CI,STotal

FeOT (wt.%)LOI (wt.%)Fe3+/Fe2+


V81694

W-255691a,c

48.00.9917.57.331.1

0.154.329.152.487.130.140.040.910.040.270.230.030.19

99.62

7.690.336.0

19.138.129.023131

79.41133.83.8

0.4048.8157.82104.8131

1.8522.16.7129920.5944

20205730

53.4108.050.911.062.431.0692.27

0.2986

V131697

W-246240b,d

47.71.0417.13.254.90.144.519.992.367.200.270.030.960.010.220.44

<0.010.21

99.91

7.830.110.6

17.6811.8na

2443476126na<6

0.3465.0178.42024.4627na

16.95.7929417.210402040

2727

44.689.041.69.662.181.072.22

0.318<4

V141697

W-255726a,c

47.61.0417.13.155.0

0.144.489.922.377.220.120.100.960.010.250.440.030.24

99.70

7.840.090.6

17.812.330.125433811305.93.40.395.8178.51994.4730

1.7116.35.4728817.0102020103026

44.186.741.29.572.200.9952.210.294<5

V151697

W-255725a,c

47.71.0417.12.855.3

0.154.469.942.367.170.350.030.950.010.220.41

<0.01

0.2099.84

7.860.080.5

17.811.630.326234

79.11125.54.3

0.4218.8189.01994.4830

1.8417.46.1228317.2985

20303127

46.090.441.29.972.271.0292.27

0.308<6

V161714

W-255732a,c

48.30.9816.03.554.40.145.5511.01.966.480.310.030.78

<0.010.180.27

<0.01

0.1599.78

7.590.060.7

26.810731.324648

77.91004.0<6

0.347.6137.41743.9522

1.3813.984.42282

14.45907

20202726

42.884.838.69.922.250.9902.140.278

<5

V171714

W-255755a,c

48.20.9717.13.624.30.144.779.692.526.800.360.100.880.010.190.29

<0.01

0.1699.78

7.560.350.8

21.447.328.623132731195.92.70.489.6157.32064.6230

1.7821.66.3425816.994620403026

56.1109.449.311.212.491.072.130.292<6

15

Table 2:





V181717

W-255731a,c

48.00.9618.05.662.5

0.153.778.442.567.760.38

<0.010.890.010.240.38

<0.01

0.2099.50

7.59 0.502.0

12.4817.127.521728821224.6<6

0.508.82110

2034.2030

1.9219.46.6232320.6106021704026

48.592.839

9.392.150.9402.190.294

7

V191717

W-255721a,c

48.20.9718.03.124.8

0.153.758.572.427.960.470.020.900.010.220.35

<0.01

0.1999.72

7.60 0.390.6

12.0216.827.222427801145.42.9

0.459.4199.72034.1533

1.8718.96.7233120.1107022203425

47.790.639.09.132.110.9262.180.288

6

V201723

W-255764a,c

47.71.0016.63.724.80.154.9110.72.136.430.360.140.860.050.170.20

<0.01

0.1299.79

8.14 0.400.7

23.129.429.726728751205.4<4

0.327.4147.2195

4.5128

1.5615.244.8421314.1906

20602427

41.984.737.69.682.200.9832.310.289<6

V231737

W-255742a,c

47.90.9717.53.934.40.153.909.142.477.450.33

<0.010.860.020.220.49

<0.01

0.22

99.51

7.94 0.310.8

16.024.628.424024851436.34.0

0.4058.1168.02205.1231

1.8621.36.9429520.4987

20203426

52.1103.347.210.942.421.062.31

0.308<5

V241737

W-255756a,c

48.00.9717.76.282.3

0.153.899.112.367.400.240.070.860.11nananana

99.44

7.95 0.352.5

15.6123.928.324323811315.2<4

0.459.8168.82165.1031

1.8321.36.9329120.493719403228

52.8103.845.610.752.431.062.270.303<8

V211737

W-255763a,c

47.70.9717.67.681.0

0.153.839.032.447.360.280.190.850.040.230.37

<0.01

0.20

99.52

7.91 0.686.9

15.925.328.523123791555.62.6

0.353.6188.62255.1731

1.8620.65.9429819.998619603527

48.596.344.510.342.321.0032.180.296<6

16

Table 2:


SiO2 (wt.%)Ti02AI2O3Fe2O3FeOMnOMgOCaONa2OK20H2O+H2O-

P2O5C02FClS

-O=F,CI,STotal



V251751

W-255737a,c

48.30.9816.13.334.6

0.145.5110.91.826.500.240.150.790.010.180.19

<0.01

0.1399.61

7.59 0.340.7

25.294.531.025245

76.6914.9<3

0.5730.7

137.41703.8921

1.4014.114.53283

15.05889

20102826

43.187.242.010.042.271.0082.080.279<7

V291754

W-255720a,c

48.20.9916.92.175.7

0.144.9110.02.466.590.320.070.890.010.180.25

<0.01

0.1499.63

7.65 0.060.3

21.641.828.824734

76.81245.74.8

0.349.1157.62114.7530

1.8222.06.32251

15.55935

20403228

56.7110.349.711.492.491.072.230.292

17

V281754

W-255738a,c

48.20.8518.96.401.7

0.153.088.092.877.860.130.160.720.060.180.61

<0.01

0.24

99.72

7.46 0.253.4

9.119.9

25.322717

83.2945.3<1

0.387.9208.82184.5237

2.1525.27.2829018.7117021903827

64.1120.748.810.962.411.0212.250.302

7

V301754

W-255740a,c

49.30.7119.84.372.6

0.151.967.173.318.560.350.070.40

<0.010.150.45

<0.01

0.1899.17

6.53 0.391.5

5.688.418.61677.8

85.2346.85.3

0.557.02511

2324.2242

2.3625.78.8033819.5131022604026

60.2109.742.39.182.060.9282.440.314

10

V361760

W-255710a.c

48.00.9715.22.445.2

0.146.3111.92.005.910.480.110.840.010.120.30

<0.01

0.1399.80

7.40 0.150.4

33.913531.426749

76.51233.53.3

0.214.5135.91914.7424

1.5018.15.28238

15.4682317302928

46.996.447.610.802.431.102.170.279<6

V311760

W-255739a,c

47.90.9815.83.894.00.145.7411.12.236.290.240.060.860.030.190.47

<0.01

0.2199.72

7.50 0.070.9

27.791.530.126141

77.81236.42.9

0.317.7136.22004.7028

1.6219.16.1524616.585318003027

49.697.744.310.902.441.062.03

0.287<5

17

Table 2:


SiO2 (wt.%)TiO2AI2O3Fe2O3FeOMnOMgOCaONa2OK2OH2O+H2O-

P2O5CO2FClS-O=F,CI,STotal



V341760

W-255709a,c

48.00.9816.13.454.4

0.145.5210.92.336.410.240.010.880.010.190.52

<0.01

0.2299.86

7.50 0.060.7

27.284.230.426340

73.91295.13.6

0.3847.7156.42044.7027

1.6719.85.6825716.788418603328

50.7101.849.210.902.461.062.08

0.291<7

V381760

W-255708a,c

47.80.9717.33.334.60.144.579.522.527.090.310.080.900.020.230.37

<0.01

0.2099.55

7.59 0.110.7

19.840.129.325930811355.64.3

0.346.9167.02114.7533

1.7921.76.3727918.393619904028

54.7108.749.811.102.461.062.27

0.304<6

V421761

W-255741a,c

48.20.9617.43.484.7

0.154.179.522.617.110.340.170.820.010.200.40

<0.010.19

100.05

7.83 0.150.7

16.936.328.026326801125.83.90.446.7177.81965.0831

1.8820.86.2833120.5101019403229

50.8100.446.710.552.351.0322.300.294

<5

V431761

W-246271b,d

48.01.0017.83.664.80.153.738.952.637.420.390.100.890.010.190.45

<0.01

0.2099.97

8.09 0.120.7

14.423.4na

2692281161na3.2

0.4310.8189.12145.2322na

22.47.0833719.7101019804030

53.3104.9

4811.052.461.162.19

0.313<5

V391767

W-255719a,c

47.80.9817.53.344.70.154.259.112.587.340.310.080.910.020.190.44

<0.01

0.2099.50

7.70 <0.01

0.6

16.828.027.925628801466.23.7

0.347.5177.52134.7430

1.8221.76.8530720.5945

20003629

53.7104.345.310.702.441.0182.17

0.291153

V411767

W-255759a,c

47.61.0817.73.065.4

0.154.079.002.727.280.310.241.010.020.210.25

<0.01

0.1599.94

8.15 0.150.5

14.7215.429.227025791265.75.5

0.2925.7177.42085.0033

1.9220.96.4832217.9107021602930

53.8106.149.811.132.471.072.34

0.299<8

18

Table 2:

Sample no.Date A. D.Laboratory no.Analysis code

SiO2 (wt.%)Ti02AI2O3Fe2O3FeOMnOMgOCaONa2OK2OH2O+H2O-

P2O5CO2FClS

-O=F,CI,STotal



V451794

W-255736a,c

48.70.9513.32.794.8

0.137.6613.31.635.170.550.190.750.040.180.16

<0.01

0.12100.18

7.310.410.5

41.220231.427059

70.9954.73.3

0.254.6125.71654.3020

1.2014.234.4923113.77081490

2126

36.374.534.29.302.060.9241.85

0.250<6

V441794

W-255761a,c

48.80.9413.73.204.5

0.137.4513.01.715.310.460.130.76

<0.010.220.190.01

0.15100.36

7.380.210.6

41.219832.026958691013.55.2

0.264.6125.91654.5222

1.2715.084.67243

14.037191530

2127

38.578.940

9.802.160.9872.030.262<9

V461794

W-255718a,c

48.30.9615.04.553.5

0.146.1411.72.195.410.810.220.810.090.280.320.02

0.21100.23

7.590.771.2

34.3149.030.427548

78.81014.63.20.295.7136.71844.6623

1.3816.55.10264

15.2583917302728

40.983.338.19.842.190.9581.93

0.270<7

V471794

W-255717a,c

48.40.9815.75.722.6

0.145.7011.22.026.180.560.030.820.120.170.11

<0.01

0.10100.35

7.750.412.0

29.4104.830.227841

82.41195.12.7

0.3398.8147.31844.8825

1.5418.15.8928516.884117802929

45.089.142.210.372.291.0212.150.283

7

V521805

W-246280b,d

48.01.0017.63.644.70.154.089.282.387.290.440.350.900.030.230.30

<0.01

0.18100.19

7.970.360.7

15.2223.5na

2612574111na2.1

0.3437.6178.52074.7521na

20.16.5131418.5102019803228

51.097.344.310.612.251.092.09

0.315<5

V511805

W-255735a,c

47.90.9917.54.054.30.154.019.162.447.340.300.300.900.010.180.400.02

0.1999.76

7.950.300.8

16.023.428.127125

78.81286.63.9

0.3858.0188.12045.0730

1.8321.26.5132320.210202030

3330

51.4100.643.410.672.431.062.25

0.302<4

19

Table 2:


SiO2 (wt.%)TiO2AI2O3Fe2O3FeOMnOMgOCaONa2OK2OH2O+H20-P2O5CO2FClS-O=F,CI,STotal



V501805

W-246278b,d

48.00.9917.53.434.9

0.153.999.192.487.360.160.370.900.010.210.40

<0.010.1999.85

7.99 0.090.6

15.0219.7na

2192176121na4.2

0.318.5157.42054.8224na

20.36.4732318.9103020403326

52.098.545.310.722.361.132.250.306<6

V491805

W-254030b,d

48.01.0117.73.754.6

0.153.989.142.297.390.660.260.890.02nananana

99.84

7.97 0.460.7

15.3819.9na

2192182119na<5

0.418.4147.62125.2030na

21.36.8633219.710002010

3126

53.2104.648.711.112.441.182.440.306

<1

V531806

W-255716a,c

47.91.0017.43.374.9

0.154.299.542.327.150.350.250.910.010.230.29

<0.010.1799.89

7.94 0.300.6

18.328.929.827528841204.13.7

0.4077.1188.02125.2729

1.8621.66.3532619.89991970

5130

52.6106.249.911.262.521.132.32

0.301<6

V551806

W-254033b,d

48.01.0117.44.394.0

0.154.239.482.227.140.290.570.900.01nananana

99.79

7.95 0.451.0

16.825.8na

2322576125na3.60.438.7157.82064.8125na

19.96.5231318.39771960

3128

50.799.046.310.822.390.9982.27

0.291<3

V561806

W-246284b,d

48.00.9917.53.404.9

0.154.089.282.487.290.390.280.880.010.210.43

<0.010.20

100.07

7.96 0.180.6

15.1121.6na

2222177113na<7

0.3876.2157.62014.83

21na

20.36.4533118.710302030

3527

51.398.246.210.582.271.082.11

0.298<6

V571806

W-255698a,c

47.90.9917.63.914.40.154.039.212.447.360.460.210.890.010.250.480.03

0.25100.08

7.92 0.160.8

16.224.628.224925

78.31226.73.60.378.7157.72125.0232

1.8320.96.5133819.8103020303929

51.8101.849.210.682.411.0432.29

0.297<8

20

Table 2:





V541806

W-254032b,d

47.71.0018.13.434.90.163.649.182.607.330.500.330.830.01nananana

99.71

7.990.340.6

13.9116.0na

2291680124na3.00.367.5157.62094.9728na

21.56.4130517.6112020903028

55.8109.649.211.312.511.092.320.319

<9

V601822

W-255750a,c

48.30.9317.33.414.3

0.144.519.341.738.080.260.550.870.010.0800.04

<0.01

0.0499.81

7.370.250.7

18.144.027.62182877494.93.60.364.67.17.21994.7235

1.9724.37.5731918.110102130

2327

57.5112.346.810.952.431.0472.23

0.298<6

V581822

W-255697a,c

48.30.9917.22.395.6

0.154.499.182.427.260.500.220.930.010.300.290.02

0.21100.04

7.750.120.4

17.628.128.121726

76.51285.94.80.379.7127.01934.8331

1.7921.76.6534222.2928

20103625

51.5102.848.310.592.371.0262.16

0.297<8

V591822

W-255754a,c

48.40.9817.52.455.5

0.154.238.812.437.520.610.280.950.010.190.23

<0.010.14

100.10

7.70 0.210.4

17.430.427.622426771235.64.60.429.3127.22024.6531

1.7921.07.0436721.9947

20303926

50.799.844.410.422.32

0.9912.22

0.282<8

V631834

W-254037b,d

47.81.0415.23.904.20.146.1112.02.125.930.030.390.830.010.160.330.01

0.16100.04

7.71 0.040.8

28.9108.0

na2434373109na4.2

0.2926.2126.41794.5419na

16.25.1926913.589417002526

43.086.142.010.102.190.9762.050.269<5

V611834

W-254036b,d

47.81.0515.52.755.30.145.9211.82.196.060.240.480.850.01nananana

100.09

7.77<0.01

0.5

27.6100.3

na2353977102na<6

0.334.8126.21754.6517na

16.65.2825614.185517402425

43.787.542.610.232.25

0.9692.05

0.270<6

21

Table 2:


SiO2 (wt.%)TiO2AI2O3Fe2O3FeOMnOMgOCaONa2OK2OH2O+H2O-P2O5C02FClS-O=F,CI,STotal



V621834

W-255749a,c

47.81.0217.63.245.0

0.154.149.322.587.220.030.420.880.010.190.50

<0.01

0.2199.89

7.92 <0.01

0.6

17.026.728.223724771334.93.9

0.358.3147.21844.4830

1.7618.85.9632117.5102020003026

46.691.539.99.772.160.9642.110.287

<7

V641834

W-255724a,c

47.90.9718.62.325.6

0.153.238.242.678.000.300.630.810.010.210.26

<0.01

0.1699.74

7.68 0.210.4

10.2810.525.722216821174.8<8

0.398.4158.02004.5833

2.0221.26.9136620.9108021403627

51.098.643.39.892.240.9362.24

0.291<5

V651839

W-254038b,d

47.51.0517.22.765.5

0.154.4110.12.376.930.180.510.890.01nanana

na99.56

7.98 0.220.5

18.331.2na

23925

76.6119na<4

0.335.7157.62004.6624na

19.36.2330716.2101019802827

48.695.247.910.642.361.0282.24

0.291<6

V681839

W-255722a,c

47.90.9917.54.593.80.154.139.382.307.290.360.310.890.020.190.36

<0.01

0.1899.98

7.93 0.221.1

16.222.728.326226831125.63.2

0.378.3168.22035.0330

1.7921.06.4732719.8103019603330

52.0103.0

4410.652.421.0502.220.306

11

V671839

W-255723a,c

47.41.0417.64.623.80.154.069.602.587.160.330.300.890.010.210.40

<0.01

0.1999.95

7.95 0.161.1

16.826.328.224324821187.03.3

0.3539.2147.22004.7530

1.8519.46.6330516.6102019903227

49.295.242.810.212.311.0012.19

0.294<6

V661839

W-255752a,c

47.41.0317.73.864.50.153.999.442.627.210.340.340.890.010.230.46

<0.05

0.2299.95

7.97 0.090.8

15.3619.728.324321781336.6<7

0.44410.4147.41884.8532

1.8919.96.5630417.0103020203527

50.797.843.510.512.381.0352.26

0.2986

22

Table 2:





V721850

W-246300b,d

47.61.0116.24.373.90.155.3111.22.196.290.160.560.830.030.210.29

<0.01

0.17

100.13

7.83 0.341.0

23.778.8na

25437

72.2119na<5

0.287.1147.22034.8322na

18.05.6226714.598718602629

48.696.245.010.502.341.152.240.299<6

V711850

W-246299b,d

47.91.0017.46.032.5

0.154.299.482.217.120.130.580.90

<0.010.230.12

<0.010.1399.91

7.93 0.402.2

17.326.9na

26328

77.4118na4.00.3611.0178.52094.9924na

20.46.5532818.997819903029

50.7100.845.610.762.371.142.180.309<6

V701850

W-255730a,c

48.01.0118.64.633.7

0.153.478.022.627.760.170.630.840.010.310.370.03

0.24

100.07

7.86 0.351.1

15.3627.227.626721821244.93.4

0.3807.7157.92035.0634

1.9821.16.1535517.6102021403231

55.2104.445.310.772.461.0512.310.314

11

V771855

W-255700a,c

47.51.0316.33.125.0

0.155.2710.92.436.460.190.590.840.020.240.420.03

0.23

100.27

7.81 0.290.6

22.372.229.627235801045.9<5

0.335.7147.22025.0231

1.8319.76.0127515.9992179025031

53.1105.0

5011.202.451.102.320.308<9

V731855

W-246364b,d

47.71.0416.33.035.1

0.155.2010.92.506.460.330.140.830.030.190.45

<0.01

0.20

100.15

7.83 0.060.5

21.374.6na

25536

75.6122na3.9

0.297.0157.62104.8626na

18.95.8227615.098718302630

50.8100.545.810.502.301.142.310.296

<8

V741855

W-255729a,c

47.51.0316.52.845.3

0.155.1110.82.466.500.080.390.840.010.230.40

<0.01

0.2099.94

7.86 0.050.5

23.484.830.226534841104.7<8

0.338.4147.22025.1732

1.8620.06.12283

15.6210301870

6130

53.1102.745.611.242.481.112.26

0.305<8

23

Table 2:


SiO2 (wt.%)TiO2AI2O3Fe2O3FeOMnOMgOCaONa2OK2OH2O+H2O-P2O5CO2FCls-O=F,CI,STotal



V751855

W-255704a,c

47.31.0416.85.323.10.154.7210.32.426.690.340.400.840.050.200.47

<0.010.21

99.94

7.890.351.5

21.970.830.226733821156.36.1

0.408.4147.42095.2431

1.8720.86.1329016.6102018903431

54.3109.3

5311.522.541.122.380.322

7

V781855

W-255699a,c

47.61.0018.75.013.50.163.208.542.667.620.330.390.820.030.230.26

<0.010.17

99.88

8.010.531.3

10.556.3

26.325515831335.96.20.369.7138.12174.9737

2.1022.26.6033219.7115022003330

57.1111.249.910.882.411.062.390.319<6

V801858

W-255705a,c

47.61.0817.62.086.2

0.154.209.202.657.270.340.110.990.030.330.270.010.22

99.90

8.070.070.3

14.4517.128.926527811206.53.8

0.3729.3158.12285.0833

1.9521.76.6232018.3107021003031

55.1109.852.111.312.511.082.230.302<6

V811858

W-246366b,d

47.71.0817.72.355.9

0.154.059.062.717.390.290.010.990.010.230.28

<0.010.17

99.73

8.02<0.01

0.4

13.8316.9na

2432575125na<8

0.386.1168.22064.8822na

20.96.5332717.410502100

2729

54.2105.147.811.172.441.162.050.304<7

V791858

W-246307b,d

47.51.0617.82.365.9

0.153.998.922.607.380.600.401.000.020.250.19

<0.010.16

99.97

8.030.340.4

12.9914.7na

24824

76.1114na6.00.327.0157.52134.8228na

20.56.5732217.7105020703028

53.7105.147.610.832.341.152.270.295<5

V841861

W-255701a,c

47.91.0017.13.245.00.154.279.632.407.200.160.210.890.020.180.29

<0.010.15

99.49

7.920.250.6

18.934.729.323623791305.64.30.307.7137.12045.1031

1.8021.06.1731219.594919703427

51.0103.047.110.902.481.102.33

0.312<4

24

Table 2:





V861867

W-246371b,d

47.91.0016.93.225.2

0.154.6310.32.326.750.240.090.880.020.270.26

<0.010.1899.95

8.10 <0.01

0.6

20.4326.7na

2452474121na3.7

0.1806.4126.51934.2225na

15.64.8026713.7969

21902427

43.486.842.09.572.101.022.11

0.291<7

V87a1868

W-246373b,c

48.00.9917.72.965.0

0.153.958.742.677.740.240.090.870.030.230.42

<0.010.2199.57

7.67 0.240.5

13.0427.1na1381475136na<4

0.327.19.34.72034.2133na

19.26.7036718.810602160

3316

47.693.243.29.532.050.981.89

0.2788

V881871-1872W-255694

a,c

47.41.0718.43.105.4

0.163.448.702.837.500.320.100.860.020.160.36

<0.010.1699.66

8.19 0.340.5

10.626.7

28.126518831346.04.60.4310.4168.52285.3937

2.1023.47.0733420.1113021103632

59.6116.550.911.452.581.122.41

0.326<4

V911872

W-255748a,c

47.51.0416.36.611.9

0.155.1410.92.366.290.240.090.840.070.200.29

<0.010.1699.76

7.85 0.453.1

23.680.830.1256357797<53.50.367.5157.42135.2031

1.8219.96.0926915.998618403331

52.8106.049.611.192.481.102.31

0.315<8

V921872

W-255715a,c

47.01.0318.45.003.60.163.468.692.827.440.130.090.850.020.220.51

<0.010.2399.19

8.10 0.041.2

10.977.8

28.525517831437.35.1

0.449.6157.82335.3230

2.1623.67.4633718.8114021103830

60.3117.053.111.582.561.102.40

0.336<8

V931881

W-255712a,c

48.10.9318.02.155.80.153.848.992.527.530.340.080.930.010.140.27

<0.010.13

99.65

7.74 0.120.3

14.2016.827.123023

78.21175.0<8

0.406.8157.61994.2930

1.7919.05.4229218.510802440

2829

51.0100.545.99.932.24

0.9962.17

0.2966

25

Table 2:


SiO2 (wt.%)TiO2AI2O3Fe2O3FeOMnOMgOCaONa2OK2OH2O+H2O-P2O5CO2FClS

-O=F,CI,STotal



V951883-1906W-246381

b,d

47.81.0116.32.905.2

0.155.1311.02.316.430.330.120.830.020.190.35

<0.01

0.1799.90

7.81 0.180.5

23.279.5na

3184078125na3.10.345.8168.32064.7716na

18.45.2825515.097818802936

49.098.745.110.412.301.182.230.297

<7

V961886

W-246382b,d

47.91.0117.44.184.20.154.089.362.537.340.240.090.900.020.260.47

<0.010.23

99.90

7.96 0.150.9

15.7021.1na

2632474126na<4

0.377.4177.92144.9223na

20.26.3932219.010102040

3230

50.599.144.210.422.311.182.210.285

<4

V971891-1894W-246383

b,d

48.20.9218.02.655.2

0.153.789.002.597.530.320.100.890.010.110.29

<0.01

0.1299.62

7.59 0.200.5

14.0919.1na

2132272121na2.9

0.3427.9157.92004.2031na

19.15.7530615.911002370

2728

51.598.843.49.632.171.062.15

0.281<4

V981891-1894W-246384

b,d

47.81.0018.63.724.60.163.198.582.797.640.340.040.820.030.180.34

<0.01

0.1799.66

7.95 0.230.7

10.675.9na

2451675136na2.8

0.3776.8178.92195.0130na

22.36.7333518.9116022103031

56.5110.6

4710.812.471.202.250.327

<4

V1001895-1899W-246386

b,d

47.61.0018.56.092.50.163.118.652.747.610.250.100.850.080.230.31

<0.01

0.1899.60

7.98 0.422.2

10.594.0na

2381380154na2.8

0.3869.5189.12285.0330na

23.17.6032717.111902210

3431

58.9110.948.511.082.411.192.460.332

<4

V1081906

W-25571 1a,c

47.71.0115.72.395.6

0.155.6311.52.236.110.390.140.830.020.190.34

<0.01

0.1799.76

7.75 0.450.4

28.511331.826943

76.51263.64.50.287.1146.92024.9927

1.7118.25.3725614.994018502528

48.799.347.410.832.471.0732.37

0.303<6

26

Table 2:


SiO2 (wt.%)TiO2AI2O3Fe2O3FeOMnOMgOCaONa2OK2OH2O+H20-P2O5CO2FClS-O=F,CI,STotal



V1071906

W-255714a,c

47.51.0217.43.215.1

0.164.129.932.596.950.370.040.850.010.230.44

<0.01

0.2199.71

7.99 0.200.6

18.731.929.726023841306.45.7

0.338.5167.72245.2232

1.9921.05.8928617.6109020703928

55.1110.4

4911.292.581.122.61

0.3227

V1051906

W-246390b,d

47.81.0218.26.122.5

0.163.529.082.567.130.350.120.840.070.180.25

<0.01

0.1499.76

8.01 0.452.2

12.579.9na

27017

74.083na2.6

0.388.7178.42284.8329na

20.96.8431417.3113022102932

55.0105.8

4710.692.361.172.18

0.313<9

V1111913-1944W-255745

a,c

48.50.9317.61.716.1

0.144.219.242.397.470.310.110.91

<0.010.180.24

<0.01

0.1499.90

7.64 0.100.3

16.523.527.921826771204.43.7

0.3576.7137.1185

4.2130

1.6617.75.0330317.610202310

2725

48.796.239.69.582.180.9572.060.282

<8

V1151929

W-255744a,c

47.81.0216.53.475.1

0.154.9010.72.246.490.350.080.880.010.220.19

<0.010.14

99.96

8.22 0.060.6

23.832.230.225226771275.3<4

0.366.7126.71904.5728

1.5716.24.69260

14.28969

21902426

44.690.042.89.972.281.0402.35

0.289<7

V1181929

W-246403b,d

47.81.0016.63.415.1

0.154.7910.62.306.530.310.080.880.010.170.27

<0.01

0.1499.86

8.17 <0.01

0.6

22.2530.7na

28227

74.7124na2.8

0.2965.9157.01834.4324na

15.94.65249

13.69970

21302430

43.587.839.89.622.221.0372.07

0.293<5

V1161929

W-255743a,c

47.81.0016.63.984.60.154.7710.62.286.470.410.080.880.020.150.28

<0.01

0.1499.93

8.18 0.170.8

23.031.030.324925781196.13.7

0.3286.7136.71954.5928

1.6016.34.78255

13.809922200

2226

44.890.439.89.892.301.0292.22

0.298<6

27

Table 2:





V1141929

W-246399b,d

47.81.0016.83.275.2

0.154.6410.42.316.650.360.050.880.010.200.30

<0.010.16

99.86

8.14 <0.01

0.6

22.129.8na

25025

77.8124na2.2

0.335.6137.11904.39

21na

16.14.6424013.8960

21702528

44.088.840.39.722.221.0172.19

0.291<5

V1191929

W-255695a,c

48.00.9818.63.764.4

0.153.228.292.737.890.320.100.820.020.220.36

<0.01

0.1999.67

7.780.200.8

10.5610.826.522217

83.11305.34.1

0.4078.9178.52144.6136

1.9921.36.7736121.010802170

3126

50.398.244

9.682.250.9482.200.298

<7

V1201941

W-246567b,d

48.40.8818.44.813.1

0.143.488.342.647.850.250.200.870.060.190.28

<0.010.1599.74

7.43 0.261.4

11.8016.4na

2171971121na2.4

0.3727.4167.51914.0330na

19.45.9731918.010702350

2927

51.399.940.59.332.131.102.180.294

<4

V1211941

W-246568b,d

48.60.9018.72.185.6

0.143.388.202.638.100.430.070.900.010.190.25

<0.010.15

100.13

7.56 <0.01

0.3

11.079.5na

22118

72.5114na<4

0.318.2167.81943.8926na

19.35.7130817.8108023803028

51.299.142.69.352.160.9752.090.268

<4

V1481944

W-255734a,c

47.60.9614.56.192.0

0.157.2313.31.634.790.520.380.830.010.290.08

<0.01

0.14100.31

7.57 0.902.8

35.1146.432.025253

76.0867.1<6

0.326.5115.81804.7222

1.3614.54.3319111.483616902826

44.089.342.810.442.341.0422.12

0.301<5

V1331944

W-255706a,c

49.00.9118.02.994.90.143.778.912.637.590.410.090.880.020.120.22

<0.01

0.11100.48

7.59 0.260.5

14.9221.326.822223

76.7964.66.90.397.8157.91934.3031

1.7919.85.5529317.710802370

2227

52.7103.046.29.832.30

0.9892.16

0.298<4

28

Table 2:






V1491944

W-246596b,d

47.90.9018.04.603.4

0.143.778.942.627.480.330.110.88

<0.010.150.34

<0.01

0.1599.41

7.540.301.2

13.9420.7na

21022

78.2114na<4

0.3538.2157.61914.3224na

19.25.6729516.610602350

2526

52.1101.344.19.682.231.062.120.317<7

V1431944

W-255733a,c

48.30.8918.22.275.4

0.143.668.722.577.820.280.100.870.010.160.220.02

0.1399.49

7.440.070.4

13.718.826.322123

78.81175.24.5

0.3758.4157.51984.3132

1.8019.85.8629817.610502320

2827

52.6102.843.39.952.270.9652.220.295<4

V1301944

W-246577b,d

48.40.9118.32.845.0

0.153.658.722.587.750.230.070.890.020.160.20

<0.010.1299.75

7.560.040.5

13.4917.5na

20621

72.2116na4.5

0.398.3157.82034.2834na

19.55.8931016.710902390

2727

52.2100.9

439.692.201.022.160.285<4

V1251944

W-255702a,c

48.40.8918.33.664.2

0.143.648.592.577.800.380.070.87

<0.010.230.220.02

0.1699.82

7.500.160.8

13.9818.126.721722

77.51236.35.5

0.4169.3138.01974.3734

1.8520.35.9531117.810702350

2827

54.0105.347.610.002.320.9922.230.304<4

V1371944

W-255728a,c

48.20.9118.34.273.7

0.143.578.602.717.780.240.460.880.030.200.28

<0.01

0.16100.11

7.54<0.01

1.0

11.6615.724.620521

76.61056.12.6

0.375.8157.91893.9633

1.7919.06.0932117.610902380

2926

52.197.040.59.592.110.8992.020.286<5

V1411944

W-246588b,d

48.30.9018.42.225.5

0.143.528.482.637.890.390.040.880.010.190.21

<0.010.14

99.56

7.500.060.4

12.5316.0na

20922

72.6122na3.7

0.3606.9158.21964.0527na

19.85.7630517.310902410

2828

51.5100.843.09.512.191.011.96

0.287<4

29

Table 2:


SiO2 (wt.%)TiO2AI2O3Fe2O3FeOMnOMgOCaONa20K2OH2O+H2O-P2O5C02FClS-0=F.CI,STotal



V1241944

W-246571b,d

48.30.9018.53.304.5

0.143.498.332.627.890.270.120.870.010.190.23

<0.010.14

99.52

7.47 0.210.7

12.3217.5na

21020

70.298na3.3

0.408.3157.51963.9430na

19.65.9130517.5110023503027

52.0100.7

409.542.160.992.11

0.287<1

V1361944

W-246583b,d

48.10.8918.44.393.50.143.468.362.597.770.360.090.880.060.110.17

<0.010.09

99.18

7.45 0.481.1

12.0816.1na

20120

70.5117na2.5

0.327.9158.01964.0530na

19.25.8830717.011002400

2727

51.298.743.19.262.130.972.08

0.281<4

V1221944

W-246569b,d

48.50.8918.53.564.3

0.143.458.272.557.930.400.120.880.010.180.24

<0.010.14

99.78

7.50 0.110.7

11.9016.8na

20020

74.9127na4.2

0.408.3148.01994.1432na

19.85.8532317.5111023703027

52.3101.0

449.582.170.982.140.299<6

V1461944

W-255746a,c

48.30.8918.42.555.2

0.143.438.352.617.950.270.080.880.010.270.220.020.18

99.39

7.50 0.080.4

12.7317.926.020622781225.83.9

0.3637.8147.91894.1333

1.8319.85.9730018.6110024502926

53.2102.3

429.652.17

0.9462.09

0.285<7

V1451944

W-246592b,d

48.40.8718.52.684.90.143.438.322.518.140.350.210.850.050.190.25

<0.010.15

99.65

7.32 0.310.5

12.0215.6na19420

66.6121na3.8

0.378.4127.71964.0329na

18.75.5632117.810802380

2826

49.995.442.79.052.040.921.99

0.277<4

V1271944

W-255703a,c

48.30.8818.66.211.8

0.143.378.202.547.880.290.050.870.110.190.16

<0.010.12

99.47

7.39 0.343.1

12.2017.725.719420

77.61244.86.0

0.4509.6157.71914.2034

1.8620.26.1733418.311002420

2925

53.8103.949.19.792.22

0.9712.07

0.287<8

30

Table 2:


SiO2 (wt.%)TiO2AI2O3Fe2O3FeOMnOMgOCaONa2OK2OH2O+H2O-P2O5CO2FClS

-O=F,CI,STotal



V1321944

W-255707a,c

48.40.9018.51.845.9

0.143.298.392.678.010.350.040.900.010.120.29

<0.01

0.1399.63

7.56 <0.01

0.3

12.5010.925.720821

77.91224.85.6

0.3878.3157.72004.2534

1.8219.65.7430817.811002480

2826

52.4102.3

429.842.220.9722.110.300<7

31

Table 3: Vesuvius tephra (AD. 1631-1944)



P205CO2FClS-0=F,CI,STotal



V06T11906

W-246602b,d

47.91.0115.23.464.6

0.146.3812.32.145.720.390.060.840.010.200.73

<0.010.28

100.80

7.71 <0.010.68

29.4135na

2614573119na3.8

0.317.7136.52064.7520

1.6017.15.0322413.390017302527

46.494.742.710.432.371.232.22

0.341<9

V06T21906

W-246603b,d

46.80.9416.54.962.9

0.144.659.732.516.960.580.250.82

<0.010.250.150.070.1798.03

7.36 1.331.54

20.576.3na

2132974146na4.70.4415.6156.71854.4014

1.6518.55.5529317.49261880

4123

47.093.641.29.622.171.052.060.318

<6

V44T31944

W-246607a,d

47.91.0710.23.394.4

0.1310.418.71.082.490.390.200.510.02

0.0800.12

<0.010.07

101.01

7.45 <0.010.69

61.020435.1383776044na<2

<0.33.06.63.21595.52

110.707.102.1299

5.634998098.529

26.261.836.510.132.301.152.130.312

<1

V44T21944

W-246604a,d

47.91.0412.34.033.90.148.7416.21.443.730.340.120.610.010.120.15

<0.010.09

100.68

7.52 0.220.93

48.915032.733860

66.359na<5

0.204.58.94.31765.0612

0.969.8

2.841398.576391200

1728

32.069.638.79.982.271.162.090.302

<1

V44T11944

W-246606a,d

47.91.0113.14.213.6

0.138.0115.11.524.450.270.500.640.030.120.16

<0.010.09

100.66

7.39 0.061.05

44.615031.4313566063na<5

0.254.68.84.61615.0018

1.0211.13.0618511.06981310

1527

33.973.436.69.842.231.142.060.294

<2

32

Table 4: Vesuvius lavas (AD. 1631-1944)

Sample no. Date A. D.Laboratory no.

SiO2 (wt.%) TiO2AI2O3Fe2O3FeOMnOMgO CaONa2OK2OH2O+H2O-

P205C02FClS-O=F,CI,STotal

FeOT (wt.%) LOI (wt.%) Fe3+/Fe2+

Cr (ppm) NiZnCuZrNbRbSrBaYLaCe

V5 1631

W-246232

48.2 0.9314.55.832.0

0.136.81 12.01.825.920.260.080.800.13nananana

99.41

7.24 0.71 2.62

144 567095173242467741630222770

V7 1631

W-246234

47.5 1.0117.45.433.00.144.30 9.772.247.140.260.020.930.01nananana

99.15

7.88 0.15 1.63

<20 39691201982326710302230293891

V1 1631

W-246228

48.7 0.9317.73.264.6

0.153.70 8.402.458.080.490.180.790.02nananana

99.45

7.53 0.44 0.64

<20 338110323133309114022402738100

V11 1697

W-246238

47.6 1.0417.03.225.0

0.154.57 10.02.207.060.390.230.940.01nananana

99.41

7.90 0.45 0.58

<20 477511519830285995

2000293590

V12 1697

W-246239

47.6 1.0517.13.115.1

0.154.45 9.882.317.070.390.240.960.03nananana

99.44

7.90 0.49 0.55

<20 437911320028

28110102060283484

V22 1737

W-246249

47.8 0.9717.78.080.640.153.80 8.992.497.250.380.220.860.05nananana

99.38

7.91 0.78 11.36

<20 257411823229

30210002000324999

33

Table 4:

Sample no. Date A.D.Laboratory no.





V26 1751

W-246253

48.4 0.9815.84.373.70.145.85 11.31.806.140.460.180.770.02nananana

99.91

7.63 0.45 1.06

38 4067100166202658661930233073

V271751

W-246254

48.3 0.9816.05.143.0

0.135.59 11.01.696.350.340.160.790.010.150.13

<0.010.1099.66

7.62 0.46 1.54

43 386813616219

2798901970222886

V37 1760

W-246264

48.1 0.9714.12.555.0

0.147.19 13.01.815.340.450.080.810.020.130.20

<0.010.11

99.79

7.30 0.14 0.46

84 5166125186232197491540263278

V35 1760

W-246262

48.2 0.9814.83.614.2

0.146.34 12.41.815.810.350.190.800.02nananana

99.65

7.45 0.31 0.77

37547311317324

2158331850262886

V33 1760

W-246260

47.9 0.9815.83.224.6

0.145.82 11.22.266.260.280.050.870.02nananana

99.40

7.50 0.06 0.63

28 426412019926

2528571740233289

V32 1760

W-246259

47.9 0.9715.82.775.0

0.145.81 11.22.206.230.440.020.860.02nananana

99.36

7.50 0.20 0.50

54 426412720327

2568681790304698

34

Table 4:

Sample no.Date A.D.Laboratory no.




Cr (ppm)NiZnCuZrNbRbSrBaYLaCe

V401767

W-246267

47.41.0717.82.595.8

0.154.119.072.707.250.340.021.010.010.220.18

<0.010.1499.58

8.13 <0.010.40

<2025661322353228910602080

282997

V691839

W-246297

48.00.9917.62.655.6

0.154.069.292.457.310.290.280.890.01nananana

99.57

7.980.130.43

28176812420726

31799219802650105

V761855

W-246304

47.61.0316.13.444.7

0.155.3711.12.386.320.390.320.840.01nananana

99.75

7.790.050.66

71367111420429

2759771790274796

V821858

W-246367

47.31.0717.62.086.1

0.163.988.672.637.250.310.200.970.040.160.18

<0.010.1298.53

7.970.170.31

35177311623326

32410302120

2149116

V831861

W-246368

47.91.0017.35.013.4

0.154.129.412.507.260.120.150.880.030.220.40

<0.050.20

99.65

7.91 0.241.33

3625801242213134010202010

255499

V851867

W-246370

47.41.0418.22.376.1

0.163.488.862.757.280.360.150.840.020.250.37

<0.050.20

99.43

8.23 0.100.35

221287

13123627

313113019902062122

35

Table 4:



P2O5C02FClS-O=F,CI,STotal



V871868

W-246372

48.00.9917.73.094.9

0.154.028.752.687.730.190.110.870.02nananana

99.20

7.68 0.220.57

34216713719422

33510202120

1952109

V901872

W-246376

48.30.9218.04.713.3

0.153.829.062.517.540.310.080.870.05nananana

99.62

7.54 0.341.28

3022731222013029610802350

2446108

V941881

W-246380

48.10.9317.82.005.9

0.153.959.082.527.400.460.260.920.05nananana

99.52

7.70 0.480.31

2621741201972728410702390

214096

V1021895-1899W-246388

47.71.0218.43.145.3

0.163.248.872.907.530.270.070.860.01nananana

99.47

8.13 0.010.53

23157813723330

32011902210

2264124

V1011895-1899W-246387

47.81.0118.52.086.2

0.163.208.782.817.580.120.220.860.01nananana

99.33

8.07 0.060.30

<20148914024432

31812002230

2854124

V991895-1899W-246385

47.51.0118.55.243.30.163.158.702.777.490.350.180.840.09nananana

99.28

8.02 0.621.43

<20138212423936

32712102230

2559125

36

Table 4:


SiO2 (wt.%)TiO2AI203Fe203FeOMnOMgOCaONa2OK2OH20+H2O-

P205C02FClS-0=F,CI,STotal



V1101906

W-246395

47.61.0116.54.054.2

0.154.9510.82.356.490.230.100.830.02nananana

99.28

7.85 0.210.87

56266413220622

2679921920

1953105

V1061906

W-246391

47.91.0116.62.835.3

0.154.9210.72.276.540.520.100.830.02nananana

99.69

7.85 0.290.48

61308012721027

281102019702253108

V1551906

W-246601

47.71.0217.44.224.2

0.154.199.962.466.880.310.150.840.05nananana

99.53

8.00 0.260.90

4420691312252429910602070

2349114

V1511906

W-246598

47.41.0217.73.924.5

0.163.869.622.457.050.380.280.860.02nananana

99.22

8.03 0.450.78

28148413523026

28910702100

2053109

V1501906

W-246597

47.61.0317.84.054.40.163.809.492.577.120.420.140.860.01nananana

99.45

8.04 0.370.83

26197712822830

30411002140

2262120

V1041906

W-246389

47.71.0218.14.713.80.163.579.122.707.350.360.050.850.02nananana

99.51

8.04 0.191.11

29127013021920

31311202190

1853

121

37

Table 4:

Sample no. Date A. D.Laboratory no.





V109 1906

W-246394

47.9 1.0018.41.806.2

0.163.29 8.532.837.900.270.050.920.010.180.290.020.1699.59

7.82 0.11 0.26

22 8

7312122833

345116021902556124

V112 1913-1944W-246397

48.3 0.9217.60.936.8

0.144.18 9.142.397.460.340.040.910.01nananana

99.16

7.64 0.06 0.12

31 308012618424

30210102290

214397

V113 1929

W-246398

47.9 1.0116.63.375.2

0.154.76 10.62.196.530.510.140.880.03nananana

99.87

8.23 0.20 0.58

33 247812219732

253988

2150284499

V117 1929

W-246402

47.5 1.0418.12.426.1

0.163.45 8.922.757.240.570.150.850.030.250.260.020.1899.63

8.28 0.29 0.36

27 137914022927

30511502040

2159119

V142 1944

W-246589

48.1 0.8918.13.144.70.143.69 8.822.687.640.250.090.880.01nananana

99.13

7.52 <0.01 0.60

31 176411520128

30611002350

2146103

V139 1944

W-246586

48.3 0.9018.33.294.60.143.68 8.602.557.770.290.100.880.02nananana

99.42

7.56 0.14 0.64

26 238011919031

313110023802256109

38

Table 4:



P2O5CO2FCls-O=F,CI,STotal



V1311944

W-246578

48.20.9118.22.475.3

0.143.688.742.637.680.380.020.880.01nananana

99.24

7.52 <0.010.42

2830881242022729310802330

2136103

V1291944

W-246576

48.20.9018.13.134.7

0.143.688.752.577.680.330.050.870.01nananana

99.11

7.51 0.110.60

2817701152002429810702360

2252102

V1401944

W-246587

48.30.9018.33.714.20.143.678.762.557.690.300.050.880.02nananana

99.47

7.54 0.090.80

23197711519725

293110023902062104

V1441944

W-246591

48.20.9018.22.785.0

0.143.628.702.607.750.280.140.880.01nananana

99.20

7.50 0.090.50

2918701181983129811002390

2344115

V1261944

W-246573

48.20.8918.33.544.3

0.143.588.552.577.740.290.110.870.01nananana

99.09

7.49 0.210.74

26177312119834

30810902380

2653111

V1341944

W-246582

48.20.8918.34.893.10.143.528.482.537.770.310.080.880.04nananana

99.13

7.50 0.201.42

30146711420329

30910902370

2257115

39

Table 4:






V1281944

W-246575

48.40.9018.43.034.80.143.528.472.587.910.330.050.890.02nananana

99.44

7.52 0.040.57

27278912419330

30810902360

2452102

V1381944

W-246585

48.20.8918.52.884.90.143.488.462.637.850.280.100.880.01nananana

99.20

7.50 0.120.53

<20208212219731

31511002390

2651113

V1471944

W-246594

48.40.8918.42.994.80.143.478.402.687.850.430.180.870.03nananana

99.53

7.49 0.310.56

25187112019524

29610902410

1842112

V1231944

W-246570

48.30.8918.61.915.8

0.143.398.272.607.990.210.090.890.01nananana

99.09

7.52 <0.010.30

20218612719226

31110702380

1947107

40

Figure 1. Vesuvius sample location map A.

41

Figure 2. Vesuvius sample location map B.

42

V117,V118

V1131929

T834 , .1906^. «

Figure 3. Vesuvius sample location map C.

43

EXPLANATION

Lava flow boundary

Tyrrhenian Sea Gulf of Naples

Undifferentiated products of Vesuvius and Mt. Somma

Volcanic products of the period A.D.1944-1637

Volcanic products before A.D. 1631 and after A.D. 79 or A.D. 1631

Parasitic vents(spatter and cinder cones)

Road

Eruptive fractures and "clefts" of the Gran Cono

.A. .*. .* Mt. Somma caldera rim

1944 crater

1906 crater

Date of lava flow

Volcanic vents

Buried volcanic vents

Sample location

Quarry

City

1944

V39

D

©

Figure 4. Explanation of sample location maps A, B, and C.

44

Documents

CHEMISTRY OF THE LAVAS AND TEPHRA FROM THE RECENT … · Somma-Vesuvius is a composite volcano that has erupted silica-undersaturated and potassium-rich lavas and pyroclastics for